Risk assessment of photovoltaic - Energy storage utilization project based on improved Cloud-TODIM in China.

"Photovoltaic + energy storage" is considered as one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of clean energy utilization. In the era of energy sharing, the "photovoltaic - energy storage - utilization (PVESU)" model can create a more favorable market environment. However, the various uncertainties in the construction of the PVESU project have become the main obstacles to the development of the PVESU model. This paper aims to evaluate the risk level of China's PVESU projects through an improved Cloud-TODIM (Cloud-an acronym in Portuguese for Interative Multi-criteria Decision Making) method. First of all, 18 critical risk factors are identified using the constructed five-dimensional risk analysis model. Secondly, the improved method is used to calculate the weight of the comprehensive criteria and rank 14 PVESU alternatives. Finally, the accuracy and feasibility of the hybrid method are verified by sensitivity analysis tests concluding the loss decay coefficient adjustment and comparison analysis with the Cloud-TOPSIS(Cloud-Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Meanwhile, in terms of energy storage, some suggestions are made for the future development of China's PVESU project. This study can also provide insightful enlightenment for PVESU project investors, risk management professionals and decision makers. • The highlights stated are as follows: • Construct an evaluation system of Photovoltaic - Energy storage - Utilization (PVESU) project risk assessment. • Contribute to adding five-dimensional risk analysis method to select critical risk factors. • Propose an improved Cloud-TODIM method to analyze the risk level of PVESU projects. • Extend the research on integrated projects on the field of clean energy and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]