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• HELP improves the efficiency of hyperparameter tunning with random exploration. • HELP avoids bad hyperparameters in future exploration by learning with an RNN. • HELP finds the optimal hyperparameters at iteration by information during training. Hyperparameter selection is very important for the success of deep neural network training. Random search of hyperparameters for deep neural networks may take a long time to converge and yield good results because the training of deep neural networks with a huge number of parameters for every selected hyperparameter is very time-consuming. In this work, we propose the Hyperparameter Exploration LSTM-Predictor (HELP) which is an improved random exploring method using a probability-based exploration with an LSTM-based prediction. The HELP has a higher probability to find a better hyperparameter with less time. The HELP uses a series of hyperparameters in a time period as input and predicts the fitness values of these hyperparameters. Then, exploration directions in the hyperparameter space yielding higher fitness values will have higher probabilities to be explored in the next turn. Experimental results for training both the Generative Adversarial Net and the Convolution Neural Network show that the HELP finds hyperparameters yielding better results and converges faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Type D personality was positively related to social networking sites addiction. • Restorative outcomes mediated the link between Type D personality and social networking sites addiction. • Affective relationships with friends moderated the mediation effect. Abstract Type D personality denotes the joint tendency towards negative affectivity and social inhibition. The recent research has regarded Type D personality as a risk factor of social networking sites addiction. The current study aimed to test whether restorative outcomes would mediate the relation between Type D personality and social networking sites addiction, and whether affective relationships would moderate simultaneously the mediating process. A valid sample of 679 adolescents (mean age = 13.29 ± 0.77 years) participated in our paper-and-pencil survey. Results showed that, after controlling for age and gender, Type D personality positively correlated with social networking sites addiction, and it increased social networking sites addiction via escalating participants' restorative outcomes. Moreover, only affective relationships with friends moderated the mediating effect: for adolescents with low levels of affective relationships with friends, the indirect effect of Type D personality on social networking sites addiction was significant; contrarily, the indirect effect for high levels of affective relationships with friends was non-significant. The current study indicated that Type D personality as a risk factor interacted with other factors (e.g., affective relationships with friends) to contribute to adolescent social networking sites addiction. The limitations and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia–ischemia (HI)-induced perinatal encephalopathy frequently causes chronic neurological morbidities and acute mortality. Bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation could potentially promote functional and anatomical recovery of ischemic tissue. In vitro hypoxic preconditioning is an effective strategy to improve the survival of BMSCs in ischemic tissue. In this study, cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ) preconditioned medium from BMSC cultures was injected into the left lateral ventricle of HI rats using a micro-osmotic pump at a flow rate 1.0 μl/h for 7 days. The protein levels of HIF-1α and its target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, markedly increased after CoCl 2 preconditioning in BMSCs. In 7-week-old rats that received CoCl 2 preconditioned BMSC medium, results of the Morris water maze test indicated ameliorated spatial working memory function following hypoxia-ischemia damage. Neuronal loss, cellular disorganization, and shrinkage in brain tissue were also ameliorated. Extracellular field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the brain slices of 8-week-old rats were recorded; administration of CoCl 2 preconditioned BMSC culture medium induced a progressive increment of baseline and amplitude of the fEPSPs. Immunohistochemical quantification showed that GluR2 protein expression increased. In conclusion, CoCl 2 activates HIF-1α signals in BMSCs. CoCl 2 preconditioned BMSC culture medium likely effects neuroprotection by inducing long-term potentiation (LTP), which could be associated with GluR2 expression. The paracrine effects of hypoxia preconditioning on BMSCs could have applications in novel cell-based therapeutic strategies for hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to test the associations of the Internet addiction symptoms with impulsiveness, loneliness, novelty seeking and behavioral inhibition systems among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adults with non-ADHD. A total of 146 adults aged between 19 and 33 years involved in this study. Participants were assessed with the Chinese version of the adult ADHD Self-report scale (ASRS), the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 (BIS-11), the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), the UCLA loneliness scale, and the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BAS Scale). The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that impulsiveness, loneliness, and behavioral inhibition system were significant predictors of Internet addition among adults with ADHD. Higher loneliness was significantly associated with more severe Internet addition symptoms among the non-ADHD group. Adults with high impulsiveness, loneliness, and BIS should be treated with caution for preventing Internet addiction. In addition, adults with and without ADHD should be provided with different preventative strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Binary synapse based on the deterministic switching of the magnetization states by encoding high and low resistance states. • Sigmoid neuron based on the stochastic switching probability of the magnetization in the free layer. • All-spin BWN based on the multi-functional nanoscale SOT devices achieves ∼81.73 % recognition accuracy on the CIFAR-10 dataset. Spintronic devices driven by spin–orbit torque (SOT) have a lot of potential for future neuromorphic computing hardware platforms. Nevertheless, problems such as multistate loss, weight time-dependent variability, and output discontinuity ensue when the device size is reduced to the nanoscale, which are contradictory to the requirements of traditional high-precision neural networks. In this study, we propose a high-precision all-spin neural network based on magnetization switching of a simple nanoscale multi-functional SOT device. The all-spin neural network is implemented by the Binary Weight Network, in which the binary synapse is encoded by the two states formed by the device's deterministic switching and the practical neuron is realized by its stochastic switching probability. Furthermore, we use a difference derivation training algorithm for the general-purpose network in a novel way to be more compatible with the discontinuous neuron output. Using this strategy, our network can reach ∼81.73 % recognition accuracy on the universal CIFAR-10 dataset, paving the way for future practical hardware implementation of nanoscale SOT devices in high-precision compact neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single point diamond turning (SPDT) could produce nanoscale surface roughness and surface nanograins. When subsequently heated by spark plasma sintering (SPS), the SPDT processed copper realized diffusion bonding at an ultra-low temperature of ∼202 °C (0.35 T m). Finally, high-strength (∼269 MPa) diffusion bonding of copper was achieved via SPDT and SPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Hypoxia–ischemia (HI)-induced perinatal encephalopathy is a major cause of acute mortality and chronic neurologic morbidities such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and epilepsy. As the essential transcription factor for the activation of hypoxia-inducible genes, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays an important role in the pathophysiological response to the stress of HI brain damage. Whether HIF-1α activation promotes neuroprotection in HI tissues is controversial. Methods: The left common carotid artery of rats aged 7days was ligated under anesthesia. The pups were then exposed to hypoxia in a normobaric chamber filled with 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2.5h. In the sham control group, the left common carotid artery was exposed but was not ligated or exposed to hypoxia. To assess the time window for effective treatment, the HIF-1α inducer cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was injected subcutaneously 1day before surgery, immediately or 1day after surgery. The brain tissues were harvested from the pups of each groups at 1, 2 and 7days after insult for HIF-1α protein ant its target genes expression and for investigating the injury. Morris water maze tests were performed at postnatal 7weeks. Results: HIF-1α protein levels and its target genes vascular endothelial growth factor, heme oxygenase-1, and insulin-like growth factor 1 were markedly increased after intraperitoneal injection of CoCl2 (60mg/kg). The target gene inducible nitric oxide synthase exhibited a biphasic time course. HI caused apoptosis and reduced capillary density, which were ameliorated by CoCl2. Both preconditioning with CoCl2 24h before HI and administration of CoCl2 24h after HI improved long-term reference memory compared with that in vehicle-injected littermate controls. Administration of CoCl2 immediately after HI did not improve spatial working memory. Conclusions: CoCl2 activates HIF-1α and protects against brain damage in vivo. The time of administration could be used to manipulate the activity of HIF-1α pathways and promote recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The Ta/GdFeCo/Ta heterostructures are utilized to achieve a spin–orbit torque-driven multistate magnetization switching. • The switching ratio is up to 47.7% and the β DL and β FL are estimated as 85.64 Oe/(107 A/cm−2) and 35.05 Oe/(107 A/cm−2), respectively. • The findings establish that a stable four-resistor state exists, proofing multilevel memory behaviors and synaptic plasticity under current drive. • Neuromorphic computing built from this SOT device can perform unsupervised handwritten digit recognition with an accuracy of 92.25%. Neuromorphic computation of ferrimagnetic materials as artificial synapses is essential for the development of ultra-low power spintronic devices. Here, Ta/GdFeCo/Ta heterostructures are utilized to achieve a spin–orbit torque-driven multistate magnetization switching, complying with the requirements of neuromorphic computation. For Ta/GdFeCo/Ta device, the switching ratio is up to 47.7 % when the critical current density value is 1.26 × 107 A/cm2. Moreover, the β DL and β FL are estimated as 85.64 Oe/(107 A/cm−2) and 35.05 Oe/(107 A/cm−2), respectively. Subsequently, the findings establish that a stable four-resistor state exists, proofing multilevel memory behaviors and synaptic plasticity under current drive. It is further demonstrated that neuromorphic computing built from this SOT device can perform unsupervised handwritten digit recognition with an accuracy of 92.25 %. This research highlights the potential of SOT-driven multi-energy stabilized residual states for neuromorphic computing and multi-energy storage in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) is a facultative pathogenic bacterium, and a sensitive method for specific detection of Listeria is considered of clinically significant. However, current approaches for identifying Listeria are time consuming or tentative, and especially, cannot identify bacterial viability and antibiotic efficacy, which are critical in establishing a treatment recipe. Herein, we have developed a nitroreductase (NTR) responsive fluorescent probe (NRFP) with a fluorescence off-on feature, which could rapidly detect Listeria in vitro and in vivo with high specificity and sensitivity. NRFP showed a selective response to NTRs over other biological reductants, and could detect NTRs as low as 12.5 ng/mL. Furthermore, NRFP responded rapidly to NTRs within 10 min, enabling it real-time monitoring NTR production. Most importantly, NRFP could not only distinguish Listeria from other bacteria in vitro and in vivo for the first time, but could provide valuable information about Listeria desired for healthcare professionals, such as the presence and viability. Particularly, NRFP could real-time monitor antimicrobial effects in vivo , thereby identifying effective antibiotics for Listeria infections. Overall, NRFP appears to be an ideal imaging probe for Listeria , and possesses great potentials in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • A novel nitroreductase responsive probe for identifying Listeria in vitro and in vivo. • Selective identification of Listeria based on NTR expression profiles in bacteria. • The probe provides valuable information about Listeria including the presence, viability and antibiotic efficacy. • A new strategy with a great potential in diagnosis and treatment of Listeria -related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South China Sea (SCS), located at the junction of the Eurasian Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate, developed as the result of intra-continental rifting and seafloor spreading on the South China margin in the Cenozoic. Faults were developed extensively in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), northern SCS margin, during the post-rift stage, but spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and geodynamics of the faulting were not resolved effectively. In this study, three stages of faulting evolution controlled by different geodynamics since the continental breakup were systematically analyzed and revealed based on the latest high resolution 2D/3D seismic data, the drilling data, the regional tectonic evolution, and the comparison with the previous studies. During Stage I, faulting showed tendency of migration from south to north (Zhu IV Depression to Baiyun Sag) and weak-intensive activities, which was mainly controlled by the southeastward mantle flow stemming from Indo-Eurasian collision. During Stage II, faulting showed tendency of migration from south to north (Baiyun Sag to Zhu I Depression) once again and intensive-weak activities, which was mainly controlled by the continental-ward lower crust flow stemming from the Baiyun Sag due to sedimentary loading. During Stage III, faulting showed tendency of migration from east to west and weak-intensive-weak activities, which was mainly controlled by the collision between the Luzon Arc and the Eurasian continental margin. From Stage I to Stage III, quantities of faults increased from nearly 400 to over 1000, but major lengths showed declined tendency from 3 to 15 km to 0–6 km. Striking of faults showed clockwise rotation from approximately E -W trending with azimuth of N90–100° to NW-SE trending with azimuth of N110–125°, and fault dip angles increased significantly from 35 to 45° to 55–65° and even 70–80°. During Stage I and Stage II, faults were mainly developed in the extension stress field, showing roughly parallel distribution on plan view and were arranged in steps on the sections. During Stage III, faults were mainly developed in the trans-tensional stress field. Many en echelon arrangement, x-conjugate-joint and horsetail-type fault systems were developed on plan view and Y- or composite Y-type, as well as flower-like structure fault systems on the seismic sections. Various geodynamics of the post-rift faulting in the northern SCS margin show transition from the interaction between plates to the west (the Indo-Eurasian Plates) during Stage I and Stage II, to the interaction between plates to the east (Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate) during Stage III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impairments in response inhibition and working memory functions have been found to be closely associated with internet addiction (IA) symptoms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In this study, we examined response inhibition and working memory processes with two different materials (internet-related and internet-unrelated stimuli) among adolescents with IA, ADHD and co-morbid IA/ADHD. Twenty-four individuals with IA, 28 individuals with ADHD, 17 individuals with IA/ADHD, and 26 matched normal controls (NC) individuals were recruited. All participants were measured with a Stop-Signal Task and 2-Back Task under the same experimental conditions. In comparison to the NC group, subjects with IA, ADHD and IA/ADHD demonstrated impaired inhibition and working memory. In addition, in comparison to internet-unrelated conditions, IA and co-morbid subjects performed worse on the internet-related condition in the Stop trials during the stop-signal task, and they showed better working memory on the internet-related condition in the 2-Back Task. The findings of our study suggest individuals with IA and IA/ADHD may be impaired in inhibition and working memory functions that might be linked to poor inhibition specifically related to internet-related stimuli, which will advance our understanding of IA and contribute to prevention and intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]