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Long-term anti-angiogenesis leads to pruned vasculature, densely deposited extracellular matrix (ECM), and consequently reduced chemotherapy delivery in esophagogastric cancer (EGC). To address this issue, we evaluated the efficacy of adding a hyaluronidase or a NO-donor to the regimen of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs. A patient-derived EGC xenograft model was developed. Grafted mice were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received DC101, a murine angiogenesis inhibitor, and nab-paclitaxel (NPTX), with the addition of hyaluronidase (PEGPH20), or NO-donor (nitroglycerine, NTG), or their combination, respectively. We compared tumor growth during 17 days of treatment. We performed immunohistochemistry for ECM components hyaluronan (HA) and collagen, CD31 for endothelial cells, and γH2AX for DNA damage. The positively stained areas were quantified, and vessel diameters were measured using QuPath software. Prolonged DC101 treatment induced deposition of HA (p<0.01) and collagen (p<0.01). HA was effectively degraded by PEGPH20 (p<0.001), but not by NTG as expected. Both PEGPH20 (p<0.05) and NTG (p<0.01) dilated vessels collapsed in response to long-term DC101 treatment. However, only PEGPH20 (rather than NTG) was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth (p<0.05) in combination with NPTX and DC101. These findings suggest that the mechanical barrier of HA is the major reason responsible for the resistance developed during prolonged anti-angiogenesis in EGC. Incorporating PEGPH20 into the existing treatment regimen is promising to improve outcomes for patients with EGC. [Display omitted] • Anti-angiogenesis enhances drug delivery but causes desmoplasia with long-term use. • Dense stroma and vascular regression reduce the efficacy of the cytotoxic agent. • PEGPH20 can restore the long-term benefits of anti-angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Riemann solutions for the macroscopic production model with chaplygin gas under some special initial data are constructively obtained in the fully explicit form. An interesting composite wave R δ J is observed, it is formed by a rarefaction wave R and a left-contact delta discontinuity δ J attached to the wavefront of the rarefaction wave. Furthermore, this delta discontinuity gradually absorbs the rarefaction wave and eventually forms a delta shock wave under some suitable initial condition. In addition, we give some typical numerical results that coincide well with the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In about 1% of tuberculosis (TB) patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) can disseminate to the meninges, causing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with mortality rate up to 60%. Chronic granulomatous inflammation (non-necrotizing and necrotizing) in the brain is the histological hallmark of TBM. The tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and the generated kynurenine metabolites exert major effector functions relevant to TB granuloma functioning. Here we have assessed immunohistochemically IDO1 expression and activity and its effector function and that of its isoform, IDO2, in post-mortem brain tissue of patients that demised with neurotuberculosis. We also related these findings to brain tissue of fatal/severe COVID-19. In this study, IDO1 and IDO2 were abundantly expressed and active in tuberculoid granulomas and were associated with the presence of M. tuberculosis as well as markers of autophagy and apoptosis. Like in fatal/severe COVID-19, IDO2 was also prominent in specific brain regions, such as the inferior olivary nucleus of medulla oblongata and cerebellum, but not associated with granulomas or with M. tuberculosis. Spatially associated apoptosis was observed in TBM, whereas in fatal COVID-19 autophagy dominated. Together, our findings highlight IDO2 as a potentially relevant effector enzyme in TBM, which may relate to the symptomology of TBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Riemann problem with delta initial data for the one-dimensional Chaplygin gas equations with a friction term is considered. Unlike the homogeneous case, the Riemann solutions are no longer self-similar due to the influence of the source term. In particular, delta contact discontinuities are found in the Riemann solutions with delta initial data for the Chaplygin gas equations with the source term. Moreover, we discover that the Chaplygin gas equations can be transformed to the equations of string motion in Minkowski space. The delta shock wave can explain the appearance of the singularities developed in the motion of the string. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of the sonic-supersonic solution for the 2D steady isentropic relativistic Euler equations. Employing the characteristic decomposition of two dependent variables, 2D relativistic Euler equations are transformed into the first-order hyperbolic equations. Based on the first-order hyperbolic equations and the transformation ( q 2 − a 2 , Φ) introduced by Zhang and Zheng (2014), we transform the problem into a homogeneous boundary value problem. Utilizing the method of iteration, the existence of the classical solution is proved in (t , Φ) plane. Moreover, the sonic-supersonic solution is verified in (x , y) plane. Finally, we give the C 1 , 1 6 regularity of sonic-supersonic solution near the sonic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the perturbed Riemann problem for the nonlinear chromatography equations. The solutions to the problem are constructed with the method of the splitting delta function. In solutions, we find another kind of delta contact discontinuity on which both state variables simultaneously contain the Dirac delta functions. It is quite different from the previous ones on which only one state variable contains the Dirac delta function. This phenomenon is also predicted theoretically by Mazzotti (2009) and Mazzotti et al. (2010). Moreover, by studying the limits of the solutions as the perturbed parameter , it can be found that the Riemann solutions are stable for such perturbations with the initial data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three novel donor-acceptor polymeric metal complexes based on polycarbazole containing complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline with Zn(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) have been synthesized by the Ullmann reaction and characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR, UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and elemental analysis. The application of these organometallic polymers in fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells has been studied. The solar cells exhibited good device performance with a power conversion efficiency of up to 0.44%, under simulated air mass 1.5 G solar irradiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we study the decomposition of characteristics for the 3 × 3 reducible quasilinear strictly hyperbolic system. We obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of the decomposition of characteristics. As an application, we show that the state adjacent to a constant state is a simple wave. And we construct a simple wave solution through the method of characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on the range of Mach numbers, we consider the various solutions of piston problem for generalized Chaplygin Euler equations. Moreover, under the Mach number tends to infinity, the convergence of solutions and degeneration of equations are analyzed when the piston recedes from tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the special solutions of the steady isentropic irrotational relativistic Euler system with perfect gas. We convert this system into a series of two-order linear PDEs and then obtain three kinds of special solutions. These solutions correspond to the circulatory flow, the radial flow, and the spiral flow, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF 6 ])-modified magnetic graphene oxide (MGO-IL) was prepared for the first time, and was used to adsorb and remove arsenic (As(Ⅲ) and As(V)) ions from aqueous solution. MGO-IL was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetization curves. Effects of ionic liquid type, solution pH, initial arsenic concentration and contact time on the adsorption performance of MGO-IL for As(Ⅲ) and As(V) were studied. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 30 min, with maximum adsorption capacities of 160.65 mg g−1 for As(Ⅲ) and 104.13 mg g−1 for As(V), respectively, and MGO-IL could be rapidly isolated from solution by applying a magnetic field. MGO-IL was reused for 5 times, without marked decrease in its adsorption capacities. Moreover, common coexisting anions did not interfere with the absorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(V). Compared with MGO, the sorption quantities of MGO-IL for As(Ⅲ) and As(V) were greatly enhanced, and the equilibrium time was significantly reduced. Therefore, MGO-IL can potentially serve as an excellent adsorbent for the simultaneous separation and removal of As(Ⅲ) and As(V) from water. Image 1 • MGO-IL was prepared and characterized. • MGO-IL exhibited high adsorption capacities for As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ). • Adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) onto MGO-IL was fast. • MGO-IL showed good anti-interference ability and reusability. • MGO-IL can be used for removal of As(III) and As(Ⅴ) from aqueous solution. Capsule: Ionic liquid-modified magnetic graphene oxide for efficient removal of As(Ⅲ) and As(V) ions from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused a substantial threat to the swine industry in recent years. However, the protective efficacy of different sublineage 8.7 PRRSV modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines against emerging strains were still obscure. In this study, a broad epidemiological investigation of PRRSV showed the prevalence of NADC30-like strain increased in Shandong Province, China from 2018 to 2020. Through piglet trial for vaccination and challenge with recombinant NADC30-like SDlz1601 strain, CH-1R MLV vaccine showed better protective effect than JXA1-R and TJM-F92 MLV vaccines in terms of clinical score and pathological observation. Moreover, all three MLV vaccines could reduce virus loads in the serum of piglets. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of the NADC30-like strain and the protective effect of PRRS MLV vaccines against recombinant NADC30-like strains, which could help to improve the prevention and control of PRRSV infections. • PRRSV NADC30-like strain became the most prevalent strain in Shandong Province, China. • Classical MLV vaccine (CH-1R) provided better protection than the other two HP-PRRSV MLV vaccines (JXA1-R and TJM-F92). • All three MLV vaccines could reduce virus loads in the serum of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Novel polymeric metal complexes as dye sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on poly thiophene containing complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline with Zn(II),Cu(II), and Eu(III) in the side chain have been synthesized according to the Stille coupling method and characterized by FTIR, GPC, and Elemental analysis. The UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and the applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are also determined and studied. The DSSCs fabricated by PZn(Q)2-co-3MT, PCu(Q)2-co-3MT, and PEu(Q)3-co-3MT exhibit good device performance with a power conversion efficiency of up to 0.56%, 0.78%, and 1.16%, respectively, under simulated AM 1.5G solar irradiation (100mW/cm2). They possess excellent stabilities and their thermal decomposition temperatures are 340°C, 400°C, and 540°C, respectively, indicating polymeric metal complexes are suitable for the fabrication processes of optoelectronic devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]