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Considerable debate exists regarding the association between coffee consumption and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the shape of this association. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between coffee consumption and CRP levels. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases and conducted a hand search as of June 27, 2023. Meta-analyses were conducted using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with random-effects models, based on the geometric mean of CRP from included studies. We identified 13 studies for our systematic review and included 11 cross-sectional studies, involving a total of 66,691 subjects, in our meta-analysis. We found a linear inverse association between coffee consumption and CRP levels (p -value = 0.002) and did not find evidence of a non-linear association (p for non-linearity = 0.13). Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption (median, non-drinkers), the SMDs of log-transformed CRP levels were −0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05 to 0.00) for the third highest (median, 0.5 cup/day), −0.09 (95% CI: −0.15 to −0.04) for the second highest (median, 2.5 cups/day), and −0.14 (95% CI: −0.25 to −0.04) for the highest category (median, 4.5 cups/day). The inverse association tended to be stronger in women, but the difference by gender was not significant. Compared to the limited number of studies not adjusting for smoking, those that adjusted showed a strong linear inverse association, although the difference was not significant. Our findings indicate that coffee consumption is inversely associated with CRP levels. These associations may vary with potential modifiers, including gender and smoking adjustment. CRD42023445986. • Coffee consumption and CRP levels in adults were comprehensively investigated through a systematic review and meta-analysis. • Coffee consumption was inversely associated with CRP levels in adults. • The associations may vary by potential modifiers, including adjustment for smoking. • Further prospective studies considering coffee types are warranted for caffeine-sensitive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The research analyzes how coffee and caffeine intake are specifically related to the risk of COPD and overall lung function. • Smooth-fitting curves provide important insights into the dose-effect relationship between the exposures and the endpoints. • Potential cutting points have been identified, which can serve as personalized references for safe coffee or caffeine intake in COPD patients. The association between coffee and caffeine intake and the risk of COPD and lung function has not been thoroughly discussed in Americans, with subgroup and threshold effects remaining unclear. This study investigated the association between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung function utilizing data from the NHANES 2007–2012. We assessed the associations of coffee and caffeine consumption with the risk of COPD and lung function parameters, including FEV1 and FVC, adjusting for common demographic and disease characteristics in a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data. A total of 9763 participants were included in the study, and 592 were diagnosed with COPD. Multivariate regression models revealed positive associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of COPD and lung function. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex, DM, hypertension status, and smoking habits identified potential effect modifiers as well as inflection points from threshold effect examinations. The results of this cross-sectional study indicated significant positive correlations between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of COPD. Additionally, positive correlations between exposure variables and FEV1 and FVC were detected. Among the stratification factors, smoking status exhibited the most potential for modifying effects. Future practices and research are needed to validate the results and explore the underlying mechanisms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report on a Cordyceps species entering into a multi-trophic, multi-kingdom association. Cordyceps cateniannulata , isolated from the stem of wild Coffea arabica in Ethiopia, is shown to function as an endophyte, a mycoparasite and an entomopathogen. A detailed polyphasic taxonomic study, including a multilocus phylogenetic analysis, confirmed its identity. An emended description of C. cateniannulata is provided herein. Previously, this species was known as a pathogen of various insect hosts in both the Old and New World. The endophytic status of C. cateniannulata was confirmed by re-isolating it from inoculated coffee plants. Inoculation studies have further shown that C. cateniannulata is a mycoparasite of Hemileia vastatrix , as well as an entomopathogen of major coffee pests; infecting and killing Hypothenemus hampei and Leucoptera coffeella. This is the first record of C. cateniannulata from Africa, as well as an endophyte and a mycoparasite. The implications for its use as a biocontrol agent are discussed. • An unprecedented case of multi-kingdom host-jumping is reported in Cordyceps. • This is the first record of C. cateniannulata from Africa and as an endophyte. • The fungus was isolated from the stem of wild Coffea arabica in Ethiopia. • Endophytic, mycoparasitic, and entomopathogenic abilities were proven experimentally. • The fungus offers novel biocontrol options for the management of coffee pests and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee intake is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes among non-pregnant people. We aimed to investigate the association between caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) is a prospective cohort study including pregnant women who were followed at the prenatal clinics in outpatient healthcare centers and gave birth in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (n=2214). Maternal diet during the first trimester of pregnancy was assessed using a 160-item food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test according to the Finnish national guidelines mainly between 24 and 28 gestational weeks. Women with moderate coffee intake in the first trimester were less likely diagnosed with GDM than women without coffee intake in an age-adjusted model (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76–0.99; p = 0.03), but the association was attenuated in multi-adjusted models (p = 0.11). No association was found between caffeine intake and GDM. One third (32.4%) of pregnant women consumed caffeine over the recommendation (> 200 mg/d). Women who consumed cola drinks more than the median (33.3 mL/d) had an increased risk of GDM (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.02–1.63, p = 0.037) in multi-adjusted model compared to those who consumed less. Caffeine intake during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with the risk of GDM but a minor non-significant decrease was seen with moderate coffee intake. Although the average consumption of cola drinks was low in the KuBiCo cohort, higher consumption was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safe amount of coffee during pregnancy, since the recommended caffeine intake was exceeded in almost half of the coffee drinkers. • 1/3 of pregnant women and 1/2 of coffee drinkers consumed caffeine over the 200 mg. • Moderate coffee intake had a minor protective association with the risk of GDM. • Higher consumption of cola drinks was associated with an increased risk of GDM. • Finland provides a good framework for GDM research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species may contribute to the gradual decline in muscle strength over time. Although caffeine and its metabolites have antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress, the association of caffeine and its metabolites with muscle strength remains unknown. To investigate whether caffeine metabolites in urine are associated with muscle strength in young and older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1145 individuals aged over 20 years (n = 801 < 60 years and n = 344 ≥ 60 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012. Muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, and combined grip strength was determined by summing the highest value from each hand. Caffeine and its metabolites in urine were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (1-methyluric acid, 3-methyluric acid, 7-methyluric acid, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1,7-dimethyluric acid, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, 3,7-dimethylxanthine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil). Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of caffeine and its metabolites with muscle strength in young and older adults, adjusting for confounders. Positive associations between muscle strength and levels of 7-methyluric acid (β = 0.029; p = 0.021), 1,3-dimethyluric acid (β = 0.008; p = 0.004), 3,7-dimethyluric acid (β = 0.645; p = 0.012), 3-methylxanthine (β = 0.020; p = 0.002), 7-methylxanthine (β = 0.020; p = 0.006), 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline) (β = 0.030; p = 0.004) and 3,7-dimethylxanthine (theobromine) (β = 0.035; p = 0.029) were observed in older adults. In contrast, no such associations were noted in young adults. Our study indicates a positive association between certain caffeine metabolites in urine and muscle strength in older adults, but not in younger individuals. These findings indicate that specific caffeine metabolites may contribute to an antioxidant role especially in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have reported an inconsistent relationship between overactive bladder (OAB) and the consumption of tea, coffee, and caffeine. Our study aims to determine these associations in a large and nationally representative adult sample. This cross-sectional study included 15,379 participants from the 2005–2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The outcome was the risk of wet OAB that was diagnosed when the OAB symptom score was ≥3 with urgent urinary incontinence and excluded other diseases affecting diagnosis. The exposures were the consumption of tea, coffee, and caffeine. Weighted logistic regression models were established to explore these associations by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), as did restricted cubic splines (RCS) used to analyze the nonlinear associations. Of all the participants (n = 15,379), 2207 had wet OAB. Mean [SE] consumption of tea, total coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine was 233.6 [15.7] g/day, 364.3 [15.5] g/day, 301.6 [14.9] g/day, 62.7 [7.9] g/day, 175.5 [6.6] mg/day in participants with wet OAB, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those without tea consumption, the high consumption of tea (>481 g/day) was associated with an increased risk of wet OAB (OR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.01–1.64). Low decaffeinated coffee (0.001–177.6 g/day) had a negative association with the risk (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.49–0.90). In the RCS analysis, tea consumption showed a positive linear association with the risk of wet OAB, and decaffeinated coffee showed a nonlinear relationship with the risk and had a turning point of 78 g/day in the U-shaped curve between 0 and 285 g/day. Besides, total coffee, caffeinated coffee, and caffeine consumption had no significant association with the risk. Interestingly, in the high tea consumption, participants with high total coffee consumption [>527.35 g/day, OR and 95%CI: 2.14(1.16–3.94)] and low caffeine consumption [0.1–74.0 mg/day, OR and 95%CI: 1.50(1.03–2.17)] were positively associated with the risk of wet OAB. High tea consumption was associated with the increased risk of wet OAB, especially intake together with high total coffee and low caffeine consumption, but no significant association with the single consumption of total coffee and caffeine. Low decaffeinated coffee was associated with a decreased risk of wet OAB. It is necessary to control tea intake when managing the liquid intake of wet OAB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change might increase plant diseases, reduce crop yields and threaten the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers globally. It is thus important to understand the relationships between climate, disease levels and yield to improve management strategies for sustainable agroforestry in a changing climate. One of the major threats to coffee production in Africa is the coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae). To investigate the effects of climatic and management variables on coffee berry disease (CBD) incidence and yield, we recorded minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity, as well as CBD and yield, along a broad environmental and management gradient in southwestern Ethiopia during two consecutive years. CBD was affected by several climatic and management variables. For example, CBD incidence increased with minimum temperature during the fruit expansion stage, and decreased with minimum temperature during the endosperm filling stage. CBD incidence was negatively affected by the proportion of resistant cultivars, whereas the coffee structure index (pruning) had no effect on disease incidence. Coffee yield decreased with increasing minimum temperature during the flowering period in 2018 and maximum temperature during the fruit developmental period in 2019. Coffee yield was negatively affected by canopy cover and positively affected by the coffee structure index in both years. Our findings highlight that CBD and yield were affected by different climatic and management variables. Yet, managing for low disease levels and high yield is practically difficult due to season-dependent effects of several climatic variables. One way to break the correlation of climatic variables between seasons might be to take advantage of differences among shade trees in the presence or timing of leaf drop. To reduce CBD incidence, using resistant cultivars is an effective strategy, but this might threaten the wild coffee genetic reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beneficial effect of coffee consumption on the progression of liver fibrosis in NASH is controversial. To compare coffee consumption in NASH patients with and without advanced fibrosis. Cross-sectional observational study on 97 patients with NASH diagnosed by histology or the association of steatosis, metabolic syndrome, elastometry > 6 kPa, and exclusion of other liver diseases. Usual coffee and caffeine intake were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by elastometry (advanced fibrosis if ≥ 10 kPa). Among the 97 patients, 49 patients (51%) had non-advanced fibrosis (group 1) and 48 (49%) advanced fibrosis (group 2). The mean consumption of caffeine from coffee was 251 mg ± 293 per day in group 1 and 257 mg ± 286 per day in group 2 (P = 0.92). In multivariable analysis, the odds ratio for the mean consumption of caffeine from coffee (100 mg/d) between groups was 1.00 (1.00–1.00, P = 0.92). There was no correlation between elastometry and the consumption of caffeine from coffee. We found no relationship between caffeine or coffee consumption and the degree of liver fibrosis in NASH. Our result does not support a beneficial effect of coffee consumption on the progression of fibrosis in NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between beverage consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease has been extensively examined in cross-sectional studies. However, limited studies have investigated beverage consumption as a longer-term habitual behavior, which is important owing to potential cumulative harmful or beneficial cardiovascular effects. We examined the association between the long-term consumption of 6 types of beverages (sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages, tea, coffee, fruit juice, energy drinks, and alcohol) and cardiovascular mortality, by considering sex differences. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2010 to December 2023. Of 8049 studies identified, 20 studies were included for meta-analysis. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the use of a random-effects model. We found that long-term coffee consumption was related to reduced cardiovascular disease-related mortality in males (pooled HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.87; P = 0.005) but not in females (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.02; P = 0.07). Long-term higher intake of tea was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality in all adults (pooled HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92; P - 0.001). Higher alcohol intake was linked to higher stroke in both males (pooled HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94; P = 0.02) and females (pooled HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.81; P = 0.002). Higher sugarsweetened beverage intake was in relation to higher cardiovascular disease-related mortality (pooled HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.46; P - 0.0001). We concluded that long-term habitual coffee consumption is beneficial for males, and tea consumption is beneficial for all adults. Long-term high alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption increased risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality for both males and females. However, we were unable to draw conclusions on the potential benefit or harm of the long-term consumption of fruit juice and energy drinks on cardiovascular disease-related mortality owing to the limited number of studies available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GCKR rs1260326 is associated with coffee consumption and kidney function. • The effect of coffee on kidney function may differ based on the rs1260326 genotype. • Koreans with TT genotype showed lower kidney disease risk from coffee consumption. Kidney function can be preserved through pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological strategies, such as lifestyle and dietary adjustments. Among these, coffee has been linked to protective effects on kidney function. However, few studies have investigated the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function according to specific genes. We hypothesized that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function might vary depending on GCKR polymorphism. GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism was examined using the Korean genome and epidemiology data from 656 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and 38,540 individuals without CKD (non-CKD). GCKR polymorphism has been previously associated with both coffee consumption and kidney function in Europeans. We replicated the associations between GCKR rs1260326 and coffee consumption and kidney function in Korean individuals. We also explored the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Individuals with the rs1260326 (TC/CC) genotype did not experience significant changes in CKD risk based on their coffee consumption habits. In contrast, individuals with the TT genotype exhibited a significantly lower risk of CKD based on coffee consumption. Interestingly, in the non-CKD group, a beneficial effect on estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed in individuals with the T allele as coffee consumption increased. Our findings supported the hypothesis and revealed that the impact of coffee consumption habits on kidney function may vary based on the GCKR rs1260326 genotype of Korean individuals. Participants recruited from the HEXA cohort of Korean were classified into CKD (n = 656) and non-CKD (n = 38,540) groups. Unlike individuals with the C allele of GCKR rs1260326, those with the T allele showed a significantly reduced risk of CKD with increasing coffee consumption. This indicates that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function may vary depending on the genotype of GCKR rs1260326 in Koreans. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HEXA, Health Examinees. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most prey are attacked by multiple predators, much of the ecological theory on prey suppression focuses on the effects of a single predator. The presence of multiple predators can lead to complex interactions such as trait-mediated interactions (TMIIs) and intraguild predation which can influence the suppression of pest populations. Here we explore the effect of two predators, a native anole lizard species Anolis cristatellus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) and a non-native ant species Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) (CLM). In a laboratory experiment we examined the effects of these two predators in isolation and when co-occurring. Our results show that when each predator is alone, they are able to consume the CLM in a comparable way. However, when they are together, their effect is not greater than when alone. This indicates that there is a negative effect when both predators co-occur. The results from this experiment have practical implications since both predators are present in coffee agroecosystems in Puerto Rico, where the CLM is considered the main insect pest. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the potential dynamics among several predators in agroecosystems and the potential implications for herbivore regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether coffee consumption is associated with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is unknown. We investigated the relationship between coffee consumption and annual eGFR change in a large Dutch population-based study. This study was performed in 78,346 participants without chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study. Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline using food frequency questionnaires. Outcomes were annual eGFR change and a composite kidney outcome (defined as eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or >20 % eGFR decline). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of coffee consumption (categories and cups/day) with kidney outcomes. Overall, 90 % of the participants drank coffee daily and 36 % drank >2–4 cups/day. Unadjusted mean ± SD annual eGFR change ranged from −2.86 ± 2.96 (for non-coffee drinkers) to −2.35 ± 2.62 (for participants consuming >6 cups/day) mL/min per 1.73 m2. During 3.6 ± 0.9 years follow-up, 11.1 % of participants reached the composite kidney outcome. As compared to non-coffee drinkers, higher coffee consumption was associated with less annual eGFR decline in multivariable models (β [95 % CIs] ranged from 0.15 [0.07, 0.22] for >0–2 cups/day to 0.29 [0.20, 0.38] for >6 cups/day, P-trend <0.001). Consumption of one more cup of coffee per day was associated with a 3 % lower risk of the composite kidney outcome (OR [95%CI], 0.97 [0.96, 0.99]). The inverse association was more pronounced in a subgroup of individuals with diabetes. Coffee consumption was inversely associated with annual eGFR change and CKD risk in a large Dutch population-based cohort. • In a general Dutch population, coffee drinkers experienced a slower kidney function decline over time, compared to non-coffee drinkers. • Coffee was related to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease in a dose-dependent manner, especially in individuals with diabetes. • Filtered, unsweetened coffee may be considered as a healthy beverage in a kidney-friendly diet. • Beneficial effects of coffee on the kidneys warrant confirmation in randomised controlled trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is the modeling and simulation of fermentation with the objective of eliminating the mucilage (20%) which is the gelatinous layer that covers the coffee cherry seed or freshly harvested coffee beans for which we use fuzzy logic in LabVIEW. Since Industry 4.0 allows virtual and real communication of a technological process. Today coffee is produced by more than 80 countries in the world, and the quality of a good coffee in terms of organoleptics and bouquet depends on how its fermentation is carried out to remove the mucilage that can affect its quality mentioned above. This work was carried out at the Professional School of Agroindustrial Engineering of the National University of Moquegua Peru. It was carried out using the LabVIEW block diagram panel, in "Fuzzy system designer", inserting input variables in this case content of soluble solids and concentrations of hydrogen ions contained in the mucilage and obtaining as the output response the time in minutes of fermentation, then proceed to create the rules of the system and then the corresponding tests. On the front panel, through virtual instruments, each of the variables of the fermentation process are included. As a result, a fermentation control program has been obtained for the removal of coffee mucilage using input variables and a response as an output variable based on fuzzy logic. This research work would allow solving time problems in fermentation in order to remove the mucilage at the best time from the beans in order to obtain quality coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of pests and diseases on crops and crop relatives in the wild is valuable from both a theoretical and an applied point of view. Few studies have addressed multiple pests and diseases in such ecosystems. Our objectives were to (1) compare the prevalence of multiple pests and diseases on coffee in forests and more managed landscapes and (2) assess how spatial, environmental, host density and management factors affect the incidence and severity of coffee pests and diseases across forests. To achieve these objectives we studied different pests, diseases and one hyperparasite on wild and semi-wild coffee from 84 plots of 20 × 20 m across a forested landscape in southwest Ethiopia and compared the results to previous studies of more intensively managed adjacent landscapes. The prevalence of all surveyed coffee leaf pests and diseases was high (>71% of investigated plots) and very similar to the levels in more intensively managed landscapes reported in the literature. The incidence rates of all pests, diseases and the hyperparasite showed a high variation among the plots, and correlation with each other in some cases. However, this variation was weakly related to the measured environmental and management variables, but coffee pests and diseases were often positively related to high coffee density. One possible explanation for the similar prevalence is that, although the landscapes are different, the local environmental conditions have much in common since coffee is also grown under indigenous shade trees in more intensively managed landscapes. However, the variability in pest and disease levels among sites was large and it is difficult to predict where they attain high levels. There is a need of detailed investigations on drivers of spatio-temporal population dynamics of these species, including their natural enemies, to be able to provide advice for development of sustainable coffee disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between coffee consumption and heart failure (HF) incidence is inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the association between time-varying coffee consumption and incident HF using a longitudinal study design. Data were obtained from the UK Biobank, comprising 497,503 adults (age, 56.5 ± 8.1 years; 54.6% women) who were free from HF at baseline in 2006–2010. The median follow-up time for the HF incidence was 11.9 years. Marginal structural models (MSM) were employed to adjust for potential time-varying confounders and account for bias caused by loss of follow-up. Furthermore, we used a restricted cubic spline to test and describe the nonlinear relationship between coffee consumption and HF risk. At baseline, 70.5% of participants reported drinking ≥1 cups/d coffee and 2.7% participants developed HF. After adjusting for potential confounders, we identified a nonlinear J-shaped association between coffee consumption and HF risk (P < 0.001). Compared with drinking coffee <1 cups/d, 1–2 cups/d (HR = 0.878; 95% CI : 0.838–0.920), 3–4 cups/d (HR = 0.920; 95% CI : 0.869–0.974) may be associated with a reduced risk of HF, while >6 cups/d (HR = 1.209; 95% CI : 1.056–1.385) may be associated with a higher risk of HF. However, sensitive analyses stratified by gender and smoking status indicated that >6 cups/d does not significantly increase the risk of HF. Additionally, the type of coffee was found to significant impact on the incidence of HF (P < 0.05). In this large cohort of UK adults, moderate coffee consumption may reduce risk of HF incidence. • Moderate coffee intake could reduce the risk of HF, but excessive coffee intake has no such effect. • In the subgroup analysis by gender and smoking, consuming >6 cups/day of coffee on HF was not statistically significant. • Different types of coffee have different effects on HF incidence and ground coffee can greatest reduces the risk of HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent evidence suggests that moderate coffee intake is associated with multiple health benefits, including lower risk of obesity, sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, to date, no study has evaluated these associations in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of habitual coffee consumption with obesity, sarcopenia, bone mineral density and CVD risk factors in KTR. This prospective 2 years-follow-up study included 170 KTR (59% men) aged 49.5 (42.0–57.0) years. At baseline participants were submitted to the following evaluations: clinical, laboratorial, dietary intake (including coffee), muscle strength, anthropometric and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After two years 163 KTR were re-evaluated by anthropometry, BIA and muscle strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2. Risk factors for CVD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and hyperhomcysteinemia. Participants were stratified according to coffee intake: 0 or 1 time/day (Gr0-1) and 2 or 3 times/day (Gr2-3). The median coffee consumption was 200 (150–250)mL/day and 112 (71–155)mL/1000 kcal/day. At baseline, Gr2-3 vs. Gr0-1 exhibited significantly higher values of waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and presented a higher odds ratio for central obesity according to WHtR (2.68; 95%CI:1.19–6.02; p = 0.02) after adjustment for confounders. Coffee consumption (mL/1000 kcal/day) showed, even after adjustment for confounders, (1) a positive association with all parameters of body adiposity (anthropometry, BIA and DXA) and (2) a negative association with muscle quality index. After two years, coffee intake (mL/1000 kcal/day) at baseline presented a positive correlation with changes in fat mass (kg) by BIA (r = 0.22, p = 0.01) after adjustment for confounders. This study suggests that in KTR, higher coffee consumption is associated with increased adiposity, specially, central adiposity and lower muscle quality, but is not related with the other evaluated parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filtration processes could offer a viable alternative to use of solvents for the production of reduced caffeine coffee beverages (so called 'half-decaf) which have recently gained increased commercial attention. However fouling phenomena and membrane deterioration could significantly alter the process performance; hence fouling and cleaning mitigation strategies must be explored by monitoring key membrane properties such as porosity and surface charge. In this study, multiple cycle filtration of coffee brews for the selective reduction of caffeine has been performed. A commercially available synthetic tight ultrafiltration polyethersulphone (PES) membrane (GP95PP - Alfa Laval) and a bespoke loose nanofiltration mixed matrix PES membrane fabricated, were used for three consecutive fouling and cleaning filtration cycles. The impact and mechanisms of fouling and the cleaning protocol effectiveness were investigated using surface charge, porosity, membrane surface and membrane morphology characterization techniques. Streaming potential studies revealed negative surface zeta potential for the membranes in a pH range of ca. 3.5-8.0. The fouled membrane classes exhibited elevated negative charges, which were partially restored to the pristine levels when chemically cleaned, suggesting the presence of residual negatively charged foulants. Porosity studies revealed the presence of a porous cake layer with an increase of average pore size and pore volume, and a decrease of 10-20 % on the BET surface area of the fouled membranes. Presence of key compounds on the membrane surface and structure was confirmed via EDX and FT-IR spectroscopy. Surface roughness along with SEM microscopy verified the uniform deposition of the foulants with absence of bulky particles. The presence of a cake layer was confirmed via SEM cross-sectional images due to selective thick layer thickness increase of the fouled membranes. Flux differences between the membrane classes can be related to the thickness of the top layer. Flux decreases and flux recovery ratios were also reported over multiple cycles and linked with porosity and other surface properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Postoperative ileus is common after gastrointestinal surgery. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of gum chewing and coffee and caffeine intake on ileus-related outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing noninvasive treatments for ileus after gastrointestinal surgery. The main analyses included random effects network meta-analyses using frequentist methods with simultaneous direct and indirect comparisons of time to first flatus, time to first defecation, and length of stay. Bayesian network meta-analysis using Markov chains was also used. Results: A total of 32 RCTs comparing 4999 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. Time to flatus was reduced by gum chewing (mean difference compared to control (MD): -11 h, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) − 16 to − 5 h, P < 0.001). Time to defecation was reduced by gum chewing and coffee, with MDs of -18 h (95% CI − 23 to − 13 h, P < 0.001) and -13 h (95% CI − 24 to − 1 h, P < 0.001), respectively. Length of stay was reduced by coffee and gum chewing with MDs of − 1.5 days (95% CI: − 2.5 to − 0.6 days, P < 0.001) and − 0.9 days (95% CI: − 1.3 to − 0.4 days, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Coffee and gum chewing were proven to be effective noninvasive approaches for shortening the postoperative length of hospital stay and time to first defecation, especially in open gastrointestinal surgery; thus these actions should be recommended after gastrointestinal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is polyphenol and the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. • Coffee is the largest commercial natural source of CGA. • CGA possesses powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. • CGA attenuates cholesterol synthesis, glucose-6-phosphorylase level and lipogenesis. • Patents filed on nutraceutical use of CGA indicate its commercial potential. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic acid from the family of hydroxycinnamic acid, often found in green coffee extract and tea. CGA is chemically called as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) which is a more prevalent isomer of CGA. The role of CGA as an anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent has been explored by several researchers. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive activities. CGA has been found to be antimicrobial against a broad variety of species, including bacteria, yeasts, moulds, viruses, and amoebas. These antimicrobial capabilities might be beneficial to the food industry's ongoing hunt for novel and natural compounds for food preservation. Additionally, CGA could also alter the glucose and lipid metabolism in both genetically susceptible and healthy metabolic diseases. Because of these characteristics, chlorogenic acid is an attractive choice for the creation of dietary supplements and functional foods. This comprehensive review mainly aims to explore various sources of CGA along with its medicinal values, chemical synthesis and various derivatives obtained from CGA. The mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, regulatory concerns related to CGA are also discussed in detail. Search engine resources such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patent, Web of Science, and bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed review papers and research works were used to gather information regarding CGA. The gathered data sets were organised sequentially in order to have a better grasp of CGA's potential. The challenges of poor solubility and poor bioavailability and development of novel drug delivery systems to overcome them has also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filtration processes have been applied widely in food processing industry over the recent decades and could offer a viable alternative to the use of soluents in the decaffeination process, comprising low operational costs, high selectivities and mild processing conditions. This paper reports the development and evaluation of the fouling occurring in multiple filtration cycles during the selective reduction Of caffeine from colfee brews comparing the performance of (i) a commercially available synthetic tight ultrafiltration (TUE) polyethersulphone (PES) membrane (GP95PP - Alia Laval) and (ii) a self-made mixed matrix (MMMs) PES membranes (PSCD) fabricated in-house. The effectiveness and performance Of the PES MMMs was benchmarked against the commercial 2 kDa PES membranes showing promising results. A cross-jlow rig was operated at transmembrane pressures of 2-9 bar and cross-flow velocities (CFV) of 0.04-0.1 m/s at 25 °C. The flux decline and recovery along with changes in the key component rejection and resistances are reported for multiplefouling and cleaning cycles. PSCD exhibited a higher permeate flux of ca. 10.5 L m-2 h-1 compared to the GR95PP membranes, which exhibited a permeate flux of 6.1 L m-2 h-1 over the 29 h filtration period selected, at 9 bar and a CFV of 0.04 m/s. The rejection ratios of the GR95PP and PSCD membranes were monitored for three consecutive filtration cycles, and showed values ca. 30% and 35% for caffeine, > 90% and -90% for both polyphenols & proteins, & - 80% for melanoidins, respectively. An effective cleaning protocol was reported, comprised of 0.5 wt% NaOH at 50 °C, exhibiting cleaning efficiencies (CE) > 99%. ET-IR data indicated the presence of key compounds residuals after membrane cleaning. Modification to the membrane surface occurs due to fouling altering the hydrophobicity. Differences in filtration performance and cleanability between the two classes of membranes are identified and linked to variations in surface and structure properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic coffee consuption has been reported to be associated with a modest but significant increase in blood pressure (BP), although some recent studies have shown the opposite. These data, however, largely refer to clinic BP and virtually no study evaluated cross-sectionally the association between chronic coffee consuption, out-of-office BP and BP variability. In 2045 subjects belonging to the population of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, we analyzed cross-sectionally the association between clinic, 24-hour, home BP and BP variability and level of chronic coffee consumption. Results show that when adjusted for confounders (age, gender, body mass index, cigarette smoking, physical activity and alcohol drinking) chronic coffee consumption does not appear to have any major lowering effect on BP values, particulary when they are assessed via 24-hour ambulatory (0 Cup/day: 118.5 ± 0.7/72.8 ± 0.4 mmHg vs 3 cups/day: 120.2 ± 0.4/74.8 ± 0.3 mmHg, P NS) or home BP monitoring (0 cup/day: 124.1 ± 1.2/75.4 ± 0.7 mmHg vs 3 cups/day: 123.3 ± 0.6/76.4 ± 0.36 mmHg, P NS). However, daytime BP was significantly higher in coffee consumers (about 2 mmHg), suggesting some pressor effects of coffee which vanish during nighttime. Both BP and HR 24-hour HR variability were unaffected. Thus chronic coffee consumption does not appear to have any major lowering effect either on absolute BP values, particulary when they are assessed via 24-hour ambulatory or home BP monitoring, or on 24-hour BP variability. • Controversial data have been collected on the association between chronic coffee consumption and blood pressure, the majority of the findings being limited to office BP. • In the present study we analyzed the data collected in the general population of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, evaluating cross-sectionally the relationships between coffee consumption and clinic, 24-hour and home BP. Twenty-four hour BP variability was also evaluated. • Chronic coffee consumption does not appear to have any major lowering effect on BP values particulary when they are assessed via 24-hour ambulatory or home BP monitoring. • The results of the present study show that, if anything, chronic coffee consumption may be associated with a small daytime BP increase, without affecting, however, 24-hour BP variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Data on link between coffee or tea intake and CV outcomes are conflicting. • Very few of these data focus on patients with established CAD. • Data on coffee and tea intake were collected in the CLARIFY registry. • CLARIFY is a comprehensive and precise source of data on patients with stable CAD. • CLARIFY amassed prospective data from 45 countries in diverse geographical regions. • The data extent allowed multiple sensitivity analyses, performed with five models. • Gradual adjustments included history, lifestyle, geographical region and treatment. • After full adjustment, no link between coffee or tea intake and CV outcomes. • After full adjustment, no link between coffee or tea intake and all-cause mortality. • Coffee or tea consumption should therefore be left to the patient's choice. Conflicting data exist on the association between consumption of coffee or tea and cardiovascular outcomes, and few focus on patients with established coronary artery disease. To describe the association between coffee or tea consumption and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease, using an extensive contemporary international registry, allowing the identification of multiple potential confounders. The Prospective Observational Longitudinal Registry of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (CLARIFY) registry enrolled in 2009 and 2010 in 45 countries, with a 5-year follow-up. Patients were categorized according to daily consumption of coffee or tea, and were compared with those declaring neither. The primary composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death was analysed at 5 years, as well as all-cause mortality. Sensitivity analyses were performed with a multivariable model. A total of 15,459 and 10,029 patients declared coffee or tea consumption, respectively. At 5 years, after full adjustment, no association was found between coffee consumption and the primary outcome: hazard ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.89–1.21) for 1 cup; 0.94 (0.82–1.08) for 2–3 cups; and 1.04 (0.86–1.27) for ≥ 4 cups (P = 0.51). Drinking tea was not associated with a different incidence of the primary outcome before or after adjustment, with fully adjusted hazard ratios of 1.08 (95% confidence interval 0.84–1.38) for 1 cup, 1.12 (0.96–1.31) for 2–3 cups and 0.95 (0.79–1.14) for ≥ 4 cups (P = 0.30). After full adjustment, neither coffee nor tea drinking was associated with all-cause mortality. In outpatients with stable coronary artery disease, there was no association between coffee or tea consumption and ischaemic outcomes or all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examine beverage intake among families with low income by household participation in federal food assistance programs. Cross-sectional study conducted in fall/winter 2020 via an online survey. Mothers of young children insured by Medicaid at the time of the child's birth (N = 493). Mothers reported household federal food assistance program participation, later categorized as Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) only, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP) only, both WIC and SNAP, and neither. Mothers reported beverage intake for themselves and their children aged 1–4 years. Negative binomial and ordinal logistic regression. After accounting for sociodemographic differences between groups, mothers from households participating in WIC and SNAP consumed sugar-sweetened beverages (incidence rate ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–2.30; P = 0.007) and bottled water (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.05–2.96; P = 0.03) more frequently than mothers from households in neither program. Children from households participating in WIC and SNAP also consumed soda (incidence rate ratio, 6.07; 95% CI, 1.80–20.45; P = 0.004) more frequently than children in either program. Few differences in intake were observed for mothers or children participating in only WIC or SNAP vs both programs or neither program. Households participating in both WIC and SNAP may benefit from additional policy and programmatic interventions to limit sugar-sweetened beverage intake and reduce spending on bottled water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selling value of coffee depends on the level of maturity of the beans. The coffee plantation in Alam Indah village, Bandung district covers an area of 84 hectares or approximately 840,000 square meters, making it difficult for farmers to monitor the condition of each coffee plant individually. The objective of this paper is to provide a path planning using the bee colony algorithm to find the best routes for a coffee plantation. There are several monitoring techniques for coffee, one of which is using a drone equipped with image processing. In this research, path planning was carried out to determine the fastest route that a drone can take using the bee colony algorithm. The path planning was divided into two areas that have been adjusted to the operational capabilities of the DJI Phantom 4 drone type. The determination of the best route was carried out based on the neighborhood principle using the calculation of the highest fitness value. Each iteration entered the employed bee phase, onlooker bee phase, and scout bee phase. The result shows that there are 24 blocks that need to be passed through. Area 1 can be covered in 18.4 minutes and area 2 in 13.4 minutes at a speed of 30 km/h and a drone altitude of 10 meters. The fastest route in area 1 passes through blocks A-B-C-D-E-F-M-N-O-P-Q-L-K-G, while in area 2, the fastest route passes through blocks I-J-R-T-U-X-W-V-S-H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we think about coffee, exotic tropical countries such as Colombia, Brazil, and Ethiopia first come to mind. However, the crucial contribution of Portugal and its scientists to each cup of coffee we drink remains either poorly known or overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to study the role of classic and novel-T2D biomarkers with anti- or pro-inflammatory activity in the association between habitual coffee intake and T2D risk. Furthermore, we studied differences by coffee types and smoking status in this association. Using two large population-based cohorts, the UK-Biobank (UKB; n = 145,368) and the Rotterdam Study (RS; n = 7111), we investigated associations of habitual coffee consumption with incident T2D and repeated measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), using Cox proportional hazards and mixed effect models, respectively. Additionally, we studied associations between coffee and subclinical inflammation biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-13, and adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, using linear regression models. Next, we performed formal causal mediation analyses to investigate the role of coffee-associated biomarkers in the association of coffee with T2D. Finally, we evaluated effect modification by coffee type and smoking. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. During a median follow-up of 13.9 (RS) and 7.4 (UKB) years, 843 and 2290 incident T2D cases occurred, respectively. A 1 cup/day increase in coffee consumption was associated with 4% lower T2D risk (RS, HR = 0.96 [95%CI 0.92; 0.99], p = 0.045; UKB, HR = 0.96 [0.94; 0.98], p < 0.001), with lower HOMA-IR (RS, log-transformed β = −0.017 [−0.024;−0.010], p < 0.001), and with lower CRP (RS, log-transformed β = −0.014 [−0.022;−0.005], p = 0.002; UKB, β = −0.011 [−0.012;−0.009], p < 0.001). We also observed associations of higher coffee consumption with higher serum adiponectin and IL-13 concentrations, and with lower leptin concentrations. Coffee-related CRP levels partially mediated the inverse association of coffee intake with T2D incidence (average mediation effect RS β = 0.105 (0.014; 0.240), p = 0.016; UKB β = 6.484 (4.265; 9.339), p < 0.001), with a proportion mediated by CRP from 3.7% [−0.012%; 24.4%] (RS) to 9.8% [5,7%; 25.8%] (UKB). No mediation effect was observed for the other biomarkers. Coffee-T2D and coffee-CRP associations were generally stronger among consumers of ground (filtered or espresso) coffee and among never and former smokers. Lower subclinical inflammation may partially mediate the beneficial association between coffee consumption and lower T2D risk. Consumers of ground coffee and non-smokers may benefit the most. coffee consumptions; diabetes mellitus, type 2; inflammation; adipokines; biomarkers; mediation analysis; follow-up studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the teeth-supporting tissues caused by microorganisms. Robusta coffee bean extract has antibacterial properties due to its caffeine, flavonoids, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acid contents. The robusta coffee bean extract also regulates alveolar bone healing through bone remodelling. The study aimed to investigate robusta coffee bean extract to inhibit bacterial growth and accelerate bone repair in vitro and in vivo. This study used the paper disc diffusion method with the research group of robusta coffee bean extract with concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and negative control, as much as 20 and dripped onto the disc paper then placed on the surface of the agar media that had been inoculated with bacteria. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. Twenty periodontitis rat models were given 0.05 ml of the robusta coffee bean extract on the molars and put in a periodontal pocket for seven days. Rats were decapitated, and alveolar bone tissues were stained with HE and IHC staining. The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and BMP-2 was counted using a microscope. Statistical test with Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney showed a p-value of <0.05. The average diameter of the inhibitory zone of robusta coffee bean extract showed that the P. gingivalis group of bacteria was higher than that of A. actinomycetemscomitans and S. viridans (p < 0.05) with a concentration of 50%. The average number of osteoblast cells increased, and the average number of osteoclast cells decreased in the 50% concentration group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). BMP-2 expression in the robusta coffee bean extract group was 50% higher than in the other groups. Robusta coffee bean extract has a periopathogenic antibacterial and accelerates alveolar bone repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of the genus Coffea accumulate diterpenes of the ent -kaurane family in the endosperm of their seeds, of which cafestol and kahweol are the most abundant. The diterpenes are mainly stored in esterified form with fatty acids, mostly palmitate. In contrast to the numerous studies on their effects on human health and therapeutic applications, nothing was previously known about their biological and ecological role in planta. The antifungal and anti-insect activities of cafestol and cafestol palmitate were thus investigated in this study. Cafestol significantly affected the mycelial growth of five of the six phytopathogenic fungi tested. It also greatly reduced the percentage of pupation of larvae and the pupae and adult masses of one of the two fruit flies tested. By contrast, cafestol palmitate had no significant effect against any of the fungi and insects studied. Using confocal imaging and oil body isolation and analysis, we showed that diterpenes are localized in endosperm oil bodies, suggesting that esterification with fatty acids enables the accumulation of large amounts of diterpenes in a non-toxic form. Diterpene measurements in all organs of seedlings recovered from whole seed germination or embryos isolated from the endosperm showed that diterpenes are transferred from the endosperm to the cotyledons during seedling growth and then distributed to all organs, including the hypocotyl and the root. Collectively, our findings show that coffee diterpenes are broad-spectrum defence compounds that protect not only the seed on the mother plant and in the soil, but also the seedling after germination. [Display omitted] • Bioactivity of cafestol, a diterpene found in Coffea seeds, was studied. • Cafestol significantly affects mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi. • Cafestol alters Bactrocera dorsalis larvae pupation and pupae development. • Fatty acid esters of diterpenes are stored in endosperm oil bodies. • Cafestol and kahweol are transferred to all seedling organs after germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma method was applied for the successful modification of O-phosphorylethanolamine (O-PEA) on the porous carbon materials. The produced materials (Cafe/O-PEA) could adsorb U(VI) efficiently with the maximum sorption capacity of 648.54 mg/g at 1 hr, T=298 K, and pH=6.0, much higher than those of most carbon-based composites. U(VI) sorption was mainly controlled by strong surface complexation. From FTIR, SEM-EDS and XPS analyses, the sorption of U(VI) was related to the complexation with -NH 2 , phosphate and -OH groups on Cafe/O-PEA. The low temperature plasma method was an efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost method for surface modification of materials for the effective enrichment of U(VI) from aqueous solutions. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Females with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) later in life. Objective This study prospectively examined whether greater habitual coffee consumption was related to a lower risk of T2D among females with a history of GDM. Methods We followed 4522 participants with a history of GDM in the NHS II for incident T2D between 1991 and 2017. Demographic, lifestyle factors including diet, and disease outcomes were updated every 2–4 y. Participants reported consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on validated FFQs. Fasting blood samples were collected in 2012–2014 from a subset of participants free of diabetes to measure glucose metabolism biomarkers (HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide; n  = 518). We used multivariable Cox regression models to calculate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of T2D. We estimated the least squares mean of glucose metabolic biomarkers according to coffee consumption. Results A total of 979 participants developed T2D. Caffeinated coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of T2D. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for ≤1 (nonzero), 2–3, and 4+ cups/d compared with 0 cup/d (reference) was 0.91 (0.78, 1.06), 0.83 (0.69, 1.01), and 0.46 (0.28, 0.76), respectively (P -trend = 0.004). Replacement of 1 serving/d of sugar-sweetened beverage and artificially sweetened beverage with 1 cup/d of caffeinated coffee was associated with a 17% (risk ratio [RR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.93) and 9% (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99) lower risk of T2D, respectively. Greater caffeinated coffee consumption was associated with lower fasting insulin and C-peptide concentrations (all P -trend <0.05). Decaffeinated coffee intake was not significantly related to T2D but was inversely associated with C-peptide concentrations (P -trend = 0.003). Conclusions Among predominantly Caucasian females with a history of GDM, greater consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a lower risk of T2D and a more favorable metabolic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found in various environmental matrices and have received significant attention due to their toxic effects on ecosystems and environmental health. In this study, a specific magnetic composite material derived from MXene, known as phenyl-functionalized NiFe 2 O 4 @Ti 3 C 2 T X , was designed and synthesized using a simple method. This composite material was used to develop an effective magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method for enriching trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea and coffee samples. The eluted PAHs were analyzed via gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Under optimal conditions, this method exhibited excellent linear relationships for 16 PAHs within the ranges of 0.001–25 and 0.0005–25 μg/L, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9979. The limits of detection for the target PAHs ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 ng/L. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing tea and coffee samples, and the satisfactory spiked recoveries of PAHs ranged from 84.5% to 112.6%. [Display omitted] • Phenyl functionalized NiFe 2 O 4 @Ti 3 C 2 T X nanocomposites were fabricated. • Phenyl functionalized NiFe 2 O 4 @Ti 3 C 2 T X exhibited good adsorption for target analytes. • Adsorption of targets followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. • The proposed method provided high sensitivity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee, a globally consumed beverage, has raised concerns in Islamic jurisprudence due to the possible presence of alcohol compounds. This research aims to utilise the sensitivity and reliability of 1H NMR spectroscopy in the quantification of alcohol compounds such as ethanol, furfuryl alcohol, and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) in commercial instant coffee. Analysis of seven products was performed using advanced 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with Statistical Total Correlation Spectroscopy (STOCSY) and Resolution-Enhanced (RED)-STORM. The analysis of the 100 mg sample revealed the absence of ethanol. The amount of furfuryl alcohol and HMF in the selected commercial instant coffee samples was 0.817 μg and 0.0553 μg, respectively. This study demonstrates the utility of 1H NMR spectroscopy in accurate quantification of trace components for various applications. • Islamic Guidelines on Alcohol: Aligning commercial coffee with Islamic principles. • NMR Efficacy: Cutting-edge 1H NMR detects trace alcohol in commercial instant coffee. • Misconceptions Clarified: Differentiating between alcohol and 'khamr' in Islamic law. • Global Significance: Addressing questions on coffee components within the Islamic paradigm. Scientific Validation: Robust study validates 1H NMR as an analytical tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flower morphological traits can be used to differentiate Coffea spp. genotypes. • Among nine flower traits, four are explaining 70.8 % of the variation. • Floral trait evaluation was optimized by eliminating five of nine traits. • Some flower morphological traits of flowers in Coffea spp. are correlated. • Some C. canephora genotypes have flowers morphologically similar to C. arabica. The identification of key traits in optimization of phenotypic variability studies represents time savings in development of new cultivars. To attain this purpose, it was hypothesized that: 1) different coffee genotypes presented morphological variability in flower size and form, 2) various coffee flower size and form traits were correlated, 3) the exclusion of correlated flower morphological traits can facilitate future flower evaluations, without compromising the inference of phenotypic variability. A total of 36 Coffea canephora and the two C. arabica genotypes were studied. Nine floral traits were measured in 760 flowers. It was proven that the flower phenology can be used to differentiate Coffea spp. genotypes. Some genotypes of C. canephora , such as Beira Rio 8, Guarani, 8R, and Clementino, had the largest floral structures. On the other hand, the genotypes Z8, Verdim D, Ouro Negro 1, Tardio C, NV8, Ouro Negro 2, Bamburral, LB1, and Peneirão had the smallest floral structures. Among the nine evaluated floral traits, the five (petal length, anther length, stamen length, style length, and stigmatic lobe length) were strongly correlated with the traits of the greatest weight for data variability. The correlated traits had little contribution to the data variability, permitting that their exclusion had not compromised the inference of morphological flower variability in Coffea spp. genotypes. This suggested that studies aiming at differing the Coffea spp. genotypes based on floral structures may consider the four studied traits, tube length, tube diameter, corolla diameter, and the number of floral appendages (petals or stamens). The reduction of nine to these four traits can optimize time and efficiency in data collection. In the future works, the association of selected flower morphological traits with traits related to Coffea spp. production could additionally move ahead the process of coffee breeding programs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heat tolerance and thermal safety margin differ between two Coffea arabica varieties. • Thermal safety margin changes according to leaf age, temperature, and water status. • Heat tolerance and thermal safety margin in coffee varieties vary across seasons. • PSII heat tolerance in coffee leaves depends on the leaf temperature and water status. • Coffee young leaves have lower photosynthetic heat tolerance than mature ones. The increase in drought and heat wave episodes are the two greatest threats to plant growth worldwide. Here, we investigated if seasonal changes in leaf relative water content (RWC) and leaf temperature (T leaf) drive variations in photosynthetic heat tolerance (PHT) and the thermal safety margin (TSM) in two Coffea arabica L. varieties, Catuaí Amarelo, and Mundo Novo, grown in field conditions. We also investigated putative differences in PHT and TSM according to leaf age. We tested if the decrease in RWC and the rise in T leaf in the dry season is accompanied by increments in the PHT to maintain the TSM across the seasons. The PHT was evaluated using two metrics: T 15 and T 50 , which indicate the temperatures that decrease the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) by 15 % and 50 %, respectively. T 15 and T 50 values were used to calculate TSM T15 (T leaf - T 15) and TSM T50 (T leaf - T 50). PHT and TSMs were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Our data indicated that the PHT increases with a decrease in the RWC and an increase in T leaf. However, the responses of PHT and TSM to T leaf and leaf RWC were distinct among the two coffee varieties. The decrease of RWC and increment of T leaf across the seasons maintained the TSM for Catuaí Amarelo but decreased the TSM in Mundo Novo. Mature leaves showed higher PHT and wider TSMs than young leaves. The greater vulnerability of young leaves to heat (T 15 near 46 °C), combined with the narrowing of TSM, suggests that heat waves equal to or above 45 °C can damage the photosynthetic apparatus of young leaves. The intraspecific variation of PHT and TSM in response to T leaf and RWC suggests that the search for coffee germplasms more adapted to heat and drought can be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the coffee leaf miner and natural parasitism is an important part of integrated pest management, and knowing the spatial distribution patterns of this pest can help improve sampling plans. This study aimed to determine spatial and temporal distributions of the coffee leaf miner infestation and natural parasitism in coffee plantations of different insecticide use and landscape configurations in the Planalto region, Bahia, Brazil. We monitored five coffee farms with different insecticide management practices in insecticide use and landscape features during two seasons, from December 2020 to November 2021. In each coffee farm, four regular grid plots of 30 points were established, for a total of 120 sample points per farm, that were georeferenced. Each point was a group of five coffee plants within 5 m of each other, 30 m in distance. Monthly collections of mined leaves were carried out at each sampling point to determine the L. coffeella infestation and natural parasitism rates. Geostatistical analysis was used to determine the spatial distribution of infestations and natural parasitism using semivariograms. Landscape metrics of each coffee plantation were surveyed in buffers ranging from 500 to 3000 m to assess their effects on population aggregation. Infestations of L. coffeella and natural parasitism of the pest occurred throughout the year and at varying intensities among farms. Leucoptera coffeella infestation and natural parasitism exhibited moderate aggregation patterns in most sampling months. The aggregation of L. coffeella infestations and natural parasitism were influenced by landscape and insecticide use. Forest cover, land cover use diversity, and insecticide use increased aggregation of L. coffeella infestations and natural parasitism, whereas edge density decreased aggregation of both. The study suggests that it may be beneficial to review the current sampling plans for the coffee leaf miner and the natural parasitism in coffee farms. This information can improve the integrated management of the pest in coffee farms and assist in decision-making regarding L. coffeella control strategies. [Display omitted] • L. coffeella infestations and natural parasitism are spatially aggregated. • Forest cover increases the aggregation of the L. coffeella in coffee agroecosystems. • Pest and natural parasitism aggregation in coffee farms is favored by edge density. • Insecticides increase L. coffeella aggregation and natural parasitism in coffee farms. • It is recommended that the assessment of natural parasitism be incorporated into existing sampling plans for L. coffeella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Robusta and conilon varieties have developed distinct characteristics. • Genetic selection and fermentation can improve the sensory profiles of C. canephora. • The chemical and sensory attributes' canephora are increasingly being investigated. • Spectroscopy and chemometrics play a fundamental role in coffee research. • Both single- and multi-block chemometric techniques can be applied to these studies. This review explores the historical, botanical, sensory, and quality aspects of Coffea canephora , with a focus on Brazil's rise as a producer of specialty canephora coffees in the Amazon region, Espírito Santo, and Bahia. Brazil has gained global recognition through the first geographical indications for canephora: Matas de Rondônia for robusta amazônico coffee and Espírito Santo for conilon coffee. Despite this, comprehensive insights into how variety, terroir, environmental conditions, and cultivation practices influence the chemical and sensory attributes of Brazilian canephora remain underdeveloped compared to well-studied arabica coffee. Producers and researchers are working to elevate canephora coffees to higher market levels, despite technological, production, and perception challenges stemming from its historical reputation for poor quality. Ensuring the sustainability of Amazonian canephora coffee without deforestation is particularly challenging due to the need to verify practices across numerous small-scale farms. There is also a critical need for standardized production and tasting protocols for Brazilian canephora, leveraging local expertise and professional cuppers to ensure consistent quality and reliable sustainability claims. Significant opportunities exist in valuing the production chain of geographically unique canephora coffees, which could increase specialty exports, enhance economic prospects for local farmers, and support Amazon preservation. Recognizing and marketing these coffees as premium products with unique flavor profiles can boost their global appeal. Another challenge lies in establishing new specialty standards for soluble coffee from specialty canephora to meet consumer demands for convenience without compromising taste or ethical standards. In such a scenario, several analytical methods have been suggested to identify high-quality variants, combating their stigmatization. The potential of spectroscopy techniques and chemometrics-based data science is highlighted in confirming coffee quality, authenticity, traceability, and geographical origin, enhancing model interpretation and predictive accuracy through synergistic and complementary information. Non-targeted spectroscopic analyses, providing comprehensive spectral fingerprints, are contrasted with targeted analyses. Overall, this review offers valuable insights for the coffee scientific community, exporters, importers, roasters, and consumers in recognizing the potential of Brazilian canephora coffees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristic flavor of Coffea arabica from Yunnan is largely attributed to the primary processing treatments through affecting the VOCs accumulation. Therefore, a rapid and comprehensive detection technique is needed to accurately recognize VOCs in green coffee beans with different pretreatment methods. Hence, we conducted volatile profiles and identified nine markers of three different primary processed green coffee beans from the major production areas in Yunnan with the combined of HS-SPME-GC-MS and PTR-TOF-MS. The relationships between the chemical composition and the content of VOCs in green coffee beans were elucidated. Among the markers, palmitic acid (F3), linoleic acid (F6), α -ethylidene phenylacetaldehyde (T4), and phytane (T8) contributed to the antioxidant activity of sun-exposed green coffee beans. In conclusion, the analytical technology presented here provided a general tool for an overall and rapid understanding of a detailed volatile profiles of green coffee beans in Yunnan. • Characterizing chemical classes in different primary processed green coffee beans. • Identified nine markers in different processed green coffee beans from three origins. • Confirmed the viability of rapid recognition of markers in green coffee beans. • Possible contributors of antioxidant activity were found in VOCs and markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Fe 3 O v -Mo/P with defect-rich rough surface was designed by the defect engineering. • Fe 3 O v -Mo/P with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption showed excellent light-promoted POD-like activity. • The POD-like activity of Fe 3 O v -Mo/P could be inhibited by glyphosate. • The inhibitory effect of glyphosate on nanozyme activity was increased by 2.64 times under NIR. • The colorimetric platform was designed for glyphosate assay in coffee. The rapid and sensitive detection of glyphosate herbicide in agricultural products is urgent need. Herein, we develop a photosensitive Fe 3 O v -Mo/P nanozyme with defect-rich rough surface by the co-precipitation method. In particular, the Fe 3 O v -Mo/P nanozyme with high-percentage oxygen vacancy (OV) defects and rough surface exhibited superior peroxidase (POD)-like activity and kinetics. More intriguingly, Fe 3 O v -Mo/P nanozyme with strong optical absorption in near-infrared (NIR) region showed excellent light-promoted POD-like activity. It was found that the defect-rich rough surface is conducive to the adsorption of glyphosate to inhibit the POD-like activity of Fe 3 O v -Mo/P. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by Fe 3 O v -Mo/P was increased by 2.64 times. A colorimetric platform was developed for the detection of glyphosate with a low detection limit of 0.032 mg L-1 and good selectivity. The method was used to determine the residual glyphosate in coffee, and the recovery efficiency was between 91.20–104.00 %. This work that combines the advantage of defect engineering and NIR provides a strategy for developing high-active nanozyme in pesticide assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of coffee bean porosity during roasting was captured for a Kenyan Arabica coffee roasted under different constant inlet air temperature conditions in a pilot-scale spouted bed roaster. Coffee bean porosity was characterised using X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT). These data demonstrated a significant increase in coffee bean porosity of up to 60% during roasting. The coffee's intrinsic physical properties were also analysed to identify the relationship between porosity, thermophysical properties (density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity) and common process indicators (colour, mass, moisture, volume). Implications for heat transfer during roasting are also discussed. As Micro-CT, pycnometry and thermal properties analysers are not readily available tools, correlation of costly analytical methods with rapid discriminative tests are presented, allowing developers to utilise more accessible characterisation techniques to inform modulation of their processes and products. The data-driven approach to map coffee's physicochemical development during roasting provides comprehensive data that could be used to calibrate mechanistic or kinetic models. These physics-driven models could then be used as routine equations nested in heat and mass transfer simulations for developers to predict coffee's thermal evolution and subsequent physical transformation during roasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even if the acids composition and their role in coffee still need to be clarified, acidity is one of the main sought-after features in coffee and it is becoming one of the main quality markers. Hence, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the main parameters influencing coffee acidity with a focus on carboxylic acids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding filter coffee prepared from specialty and mainstream coffee, differently roasted and through eight diverse extraction methods. Coffee cup chemical composition in terms of organic and chlorogenic acids, caffein and physicochemical parameters were correlated with perceived sourness and mouthfeel to better understand the influence of extracted compounds on the final beverage acidity. Statistical tools revealed that a major impact of chlorogenic acids emerged in pH and titratable acidity, while the sensorial sourness appeared more correlated with organic acids concentration. Thus, these findings suggests that organic acids could be potential predictors of beverage perceived acidity. • The highest organic acids level was found in Ibrik coffee beverage. • Brewing pressure and temperature influence the extraction of organic acids. • In specialty coffee pH and titratable acidity are influenced by CQAs. • In mainstream coffee the CQAs mainly impact the perceived sourness. • Organic acids concentration can predict perceived acidity in specialty coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee, a globally consumed beverage renowned for its distinctive taste and potential health benefits, is primarily sourced from two major varieties, Coffea arabica and C. robusta , which collectively dominate the global supply chain. This review delves into the historical origins of coffee cultivation, tracing its roots to India in the 1600s when Baba Budan introduced beans from Yemen, marking the inception of coffee farming in Karnataka's Chikmagalur district. Despite contributing a modest 3.14% to the global coffee supply, India is the 8th largest coffee cultivar globally in 2023–24, highlighting its significance in the coffee industry. Coffee is rich in various metabolites, terpenes, phenols, and antioxidants, with caffeine being a prominent psychoactive compound in coffee beans. However, coffee cultivation faces multifaceted challenges, including environmental stressors and mold infections leading to producing aflatoxins, which pose severe health risks to humans and animals while consuming coffee. Aflatoxin B1, which has heat stability and resilience during coffee bean processing, presents a significant challenge in ensuring food safety. This review critically examines coffee consumption's benefits and adverse effects, sheds light on aflatoxin contamination in coffee, and evaluates its implications on well-being. Additionally, it discusses regulatory measures and imposed limits to mitigate aflatoxin exposure, mainly focusing on Indian-grown coffee, where aflatoxin outbreaks have had detrimental consequences. [Display omitted] • Aflatoxin contamination in Indian commodities reaches a concerning 77%, raising food safety concerns. • A comprehensive timeline from 1000AD to 2024, documenting coffee cultivation milestones and evolution through centuries. • The review highlights coffee's phytochemicals and its potential health benefits. • Ethical concerns regarding the exploitation of animals and birds in producing premium coffee, and sustainability issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the coffee ring-free inkjet printing using a UV curable quantum dot (QD)-acrylate coating solution. The main objective of this study is to utilize UV curable acrylate monomers to prevent formation of coffee rings and hence to obtain uniform QD patterns using inkjet printing. For the UV curing reaction, cyclohexylmethacrylate (CHMA) was selected as the acrylate monomer, 1-[4-(phenylthio)phenyl]-1,2-octanedione 2-(o-benzoyloxime) (OXE-01), 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX), and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) were tested as photoinitiators (PIs), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) was used as a crosslinker. When the QDs were used with CHMA monomers without UV curing, inkjet printing resulted in the formation of coffee rings or cracks during monomer evaporation. However, UV curing with ITX as a PI produced inkjet droplets with uniform surfaces owing to the balance between evaporation and UV curing rates. By optimizing the compositions of the monomer, PI, and crosslinker, we successfully obtained uniform QD patterns on the micrometer scale using inkjet printing. We also demonstrated that this technique could be applied to inkjet printing of the 400 ×100 μm patterned epoxy molds. These results will be useful for the inexpensive and rapid fabrication of high-resolution QD displays using inkjet printing. [Display omitted] • UV curable QD-acrylate solution was prepared for inkjet printing. • Optimization of composition and UV curing yielded coffee ring free droplets. • Balance between evaporation and curing rates produced uniform QD patterns. • This technique was used for inkjet printing of micrometer scale patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Theoretical examination of adsorption systems. • Statistical physics modeling to experimental data of Remacryl Red TGL dye adsorption isotherms onto the untreated coffee residues. • Four different models are adopted: a monolayer with one or two or three horizontal energies and a double-layer with two vertical energies. • The adsorption process is found to be of chemisorptive nature. In this current paper, we perform a theoretical examination of adsorption systems undertaken through the application of statistical physics modeling to experimental data Remacryl Red TGL (BR) dye adsorption isotherms onto the untreated coffee residues (UCR) based adsorbents at 298–338 K range. The experimental values exhibited a strong agreement with the predicted values, and the developed model received high approval. Significant parameters are theoretically discussed such as thermodynamic, energetic, and stereographic factors which determine the (BR) adsorption onto UCR. In the pursuit of unraveling the adsorption mechanism, four different models are adopted: a monolayer with one energy (Model 1), a monolayer with two horizontal energies (Model 2), a monolayer with three energies (Model 3) and a double-layer with two vertical energies (Model 4). The analysis considered both steric and energetic parameters associated with the adsorption reaction, namely the number of adsorbed particles per site (n 1 and n 2), the receptor sites density (N 1m and N 2m), and the concentration at half-saturation. It appears that the experimental data aligns well with a monolayer model characterized by two energy states. The variations in these factors are examined in relation to the temperature of absorption isotherms. More importantly, the calculation of adsorption energies unequivocally pointed out that the adsorption process is of a chemisorptive nature. Our findings indicate that (UCR) could be utilized as a low-cost alternative adsorbent in wastewater treatment to eliminate the Remacryl Red TGL (BR) dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental Sustainability Performance (ESP) in Agricultural Activity (AA) is a topic of great interest due to its essential role in the future of society. Efficient resource management and capacity building among people engaged in AA are essential for reducing environmental impact and achieving long-term sustainability. In this regard, a model was developed based on AA and its relationship with ESP by reviewing the relevant scientific literature. The model was then empirically validated by surveying coffee crops in the Valle del Cauca region of Colombia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the causal relationships between the theoretical constructs, measured using a 28-item survey instrument grouped into five blocks. The survey was administered to 692 administrators, managers, and owners of coffee Agricultural Producing Units (APUs), and the data were validated and analyzed using the partial least squares technique (PLS-SEM) and SmartPLS Version 4.0 software. The results indicate that Business Associativity (BA), Agricultural Management (AM), Citizen Participation (CP), and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a direct and positive relationship with ESP. Moreover, this study found that the relationships between AM and BA, ICT and AM, and ICT and CP generate significant indirect effects associated with ESP. Finally, the study discusses the impact of agricultural management on ESP and its effects on other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There is a growing demand for alternative organic products. • An adapted SOR model is suitable to explore acceptance of organic coffee. • World-care affects consumer hedonic and utilitarian attitudes for organic coffee. • Hedonic attitudes are crucial for influencing purchase intentions. • Producers should consider world-care in organic coffee marketing. The growing concern for environmental preservation, sustainability and the well-being of producers and consumers has created demand for alternative organic products. In the context of organic product consumption, individuals may be motivated by self-care or world-care factors. This study proposes a new, adapted version of the SOR model − stimulus (S), organism (O), response (R) − to explore the acceptance of an organic coffee produced in Peru. The model used data from 570 Spanish consumers, and the analysis was carried out using partial least squares (PLS), based on variance. The findings revealed that world-care (S) significantly influences both hedonic and utilitarian attitudes (O), while self-care (S) was not found to have a significant impact on these attitudes. In addition, both hedonic and utilitarian attitudes were found to influence consumers' purchase intentions for organic coffee (R), with hedonic attitudes playing a particularly crucial role. These results carry substantial theoretical and practical implications for the fostering of a more sustainable and environmentally conscious coffee market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis is highly controversial, and few studies have focused on the combined effects of the two beverages. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined associations of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis risk. A prospective cohort study involving 487,594 participants aged 38–73 years from the UK Biobank was conducted. Participants with reported coffee and tea consumption and without osteoporosis at baseline were included. Coffee and tea consumption were assessed via a touch-screen questionnaire at baseline. Newly diagnosed osteoporosis during the follow-up period, defined based on ICD-10 codes (M80-M82), was the primary outcome. Cox regression analyses were utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Dose-effect associations were assessed using restricted cubic spline analysis. During a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 15,211 cases of osteoporosis were identified. Compared to individuals without coffee or tea consumption, drinking coffee was associated with an HR of 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.89–0.96), and tea consumption with an HR of 0.86 (95 % CI: 0.83–0.90). Continuous trends were significant for both coffee and tea consumption, showing non-linear associations with osteoporosis incidence. Moderate consumption, such as 1–2 cups of coffee or 3–4 cups of tea per day, was associated with a lower incidence of osteoporosis, with HRs of 0.9 (95 % CI: 0.86–0.94) and 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.81–0.90), respectively. Additionally, combined coffee and tea consumption displayed a U-shaped association with osteoporosis risk, with the lowest risk observed in individuals who consumed 1–2 cups of both beverages daily, with an HR of 0.68 (95 % CI: 0.61–0.75). Our findings highlight the potential benefits of moderate coffee and tea consumption in reducing the risk of osteoporosis. • Consumption of coffee and tea correlates with reduced osteoporosis risk. • Combined consumption of coffee and tea further lowers osteoporosis risk, exhibiting a dose-dependent relationship akin to a U-shaped curve. • Ground coffee shows the strongest association with reduced risk, while decaffeinated coffee does not. • Men tend to experience greater benefits from coffee and tea consumption in relation to osteoporosis risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylamide is produced through intricate reactions involving asparagine, and reducing sugars when foods with lower moisture are exposed to high temperatures. Globally, coffee is the second most widely consumed beverage besides tea. Despite containing lower levels of acrylamide (ACR) compared to other foods, high consumption of coffee exposes people to this compound, which is known to pose health risks, including carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Hence, addressing ACR levels in coffee is imperative. The challenge of reducing ACR arises due to limited choices in raw materials, restrictions in production technologies, and the inherent difficulty in modifying the formulation of beans at the industrial level. While numerous reviews have been on ACR, the literature regarding reducing ACR in coffee is relatively scarce. This comprehensive review provides the most recent and thorough information on ACR formation in coffee. It covers ACR's occurrence, dietary exposure, associated hazards, recommended guidelines, factors influencing formation, and strategies for reducing it. These strategies encompass biotechnological, Innovative and tailor-made approaches utilizing AI driven techniques providing a future road map for reducing ACR in coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the coffee industry, the use of natural coffee extracts with differentiated attributes is desirable to drive new product development. This study evaluates the impact of ultrafiltration membrane processing on the sensory, metabolic, and physicochemical attributes of four commercially available coffee extracts: cold brew, lightly roasted, freeze concentrated and evaporated standard. The sensory analysis revealed an increase in acidity in the permeate across all extracts, with the most significant profile changes observed in the lightly roasted evaporated and evaporated extracts, accompanied by an enhancement of fruity and floral attributes. Furthermore, the permeate showed reduced total dissolved solids, while the caffeine concentration increased. Metabolomic analysis highlighted key coffee-related metabolites like cinnamic and coumaric acids, explaining observed variations due to their passage through the membrane. Our findings emphasize the potential of permeate as a coffee-based ingredient for ready-to-drink products development, providing a unique coffee experience with organoleptic profiles distinct from traditional beverages. [Display omitted] • UF process improves sensory and metabolic characteristics of coffee extracts. • 75 metabolites and 42 sensory attributes were altered between feed and permeate. • Permeate holds potential as an ingredient for developing ready-to-drink products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The viability of bio-based processes is linked to key factors, such as technical, economic, environmental, social, experimental and logistic performance. The suitable synergy between these factors allows achieving a sustainable process. In this sense, two biorefineries based on Coffee Cut-Stems (CCS), which have already been assessed from the five perspectives, are analyzed in the context of a supply chain (SC) that considers the feedstock availability and main products demand. The SC is located in Colombia according to different targets, such as production of second-generation ethanol and biomass for electricity generation. The results obtained are organized in five cases of study. As a result, the subregions, such as "Antioquia_Suroeste", "Huila_Sur", "Santander", "Tolima_Sur" and "Quindio" are more suitable to install a biorefinery. The larger the amount of available feedstock in a subregion, the lower the transportation costs. However, regions with limited availability must be close to others with resources for a biorefinery to be installed. In remote zones and those with zero feedstock availability, the possibility that a biorefinery exists is low. It is possible to substitute 40% of the ethanol demand using CSS remaining with an investment of 77.88 M-USD. However, only 0.43% of the electricity demand can be achieved using residues. [Display omitted] • A supply chain for Coffee Cut-Stems (CCS) biorefineries in Colombian context. • Data of CCS availability and, ethanol and electricity demand are the base line. • A biorefinery can installed in a subregion with or without feedstock availability. • The CCS biorefinery supplies a percentage of total product demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]