Coffee consumption affects kidney function based on GCKR polymorphism in a Korean population.

• GCKR rs1260326 is associated with coffee consumption and kidney function. • The effect of coffee on kidney function may differ based on the rs1260326 genotype. • Koreans with TT genotype showed lower kidney disease risk from coffee consumption. Kidney function can be preserved through pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological strategies, such as lifestyle and dietary adjustments. Among these, coffee has been linked to protective effects on kidney function. However, few studies have investigated the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function according to specific genes. We hypothesized that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function might vary depending on GCKR polymorphism. GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism was examined using the Korean genome and epidemiology data from 656 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and 38,540 individuals without CKD (non-CKD). GCKR polymorphism has been previously associated with both coffee consumption and kidney function in Europeans. We replicated the associations between GCKR rs1260326 and coffee consumption and kidney function in Korean individuals. We also explored the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Individuals with the rs1260326 (TC/CC) genotype did not experience significant changes in CKD risk based on their coffee consumption habits. In contrast, individuals with the TT genotype exhibited a significantly lower risk of CKD based on coffee consumption. Interestingly, in the non-CKD group, a beneficial effect on estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed in individuals with the T allele as coffee consumption increased. Our findings supported the hypothesis and revealed that the impact of coffee consumption habits on kidney function may vary based on the GCKR rs1260326 genotype of Korean individuals. Participants recruited from the HEXA cohort of Korean were classified into CKD (n = 656) and non-CKD (n = 38,540) groups. Unlike individuals with the C allele of GCKR rs1260326, those with the T allele showed a significantly reduced risk of CKD with increasing coffee consumption. This indicates that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function may vary depending on the genotype of GCKR rs1260326 in Koreans. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HEXA, Health Examinees. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]