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The specificities of the current clinical practice demand a constant reflection regarding the symbolizing and containing potential of our therapeutic settings as a means to support families whose backgrounds are often marked by traumatic migratory experiences. Clinicians need to modify traditional therapeutic settings in order to culturally, socially and intrapsychically permit injured families to adhere to the proposed clinical interventions. As a way of better responding to the demands of those families, both in terms of time and content, we have set up a parent/child space. This multi-disciplinary observation place enables us to elaborate about the child's care, but it also constitutes a first therapeutic space that supports the institutional transfer which is often weakened by the traumatic impact of the history of the families we receive at the CMP. Inspired by Françoise Dolto's Maison Verte, this space encourages the parents' involvement in their child's development, by enhancing their investment in the institution and in their child. The aim is to provide a more individualized support so that children can regain a subjective position, and their parents can be heard and supported in their suffering while dealing with their child's disorders and disorganization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

À partir d'une situation clinique tirée d'une recherche doctorale, l'auteure souhaite montrer comment les enjeux psychiques inconscients, réactualisés par la migration et le deuil, peuvent entraver la survenue d'une nouvelle grossesse. Le choix de cette vignette clinique s'explique par sa dimension paradigmatique, la richesse et la qualité des éléments cliniques. Cette situation clinique s'appuie sur une méthodologie qualitative d'analyse descriptive de cas qui intègre la « grounded theory ». L'analyse souligne, sur le plan intrapsychique, des enjeux de l'ordre des traumatismes non élaborés et d'une négativité de la relation à la figure maternelle qui entravent le désir d'enfant. Une prise en charge psychothérapeutique semblerait nécessaire afin d'offrir un espace d'élaboration en cas de non-survenue de la grossesse, d'engager un travail de deuil sur les nombreuses pertes (migratoire, père, des fœtus, et de la fonction reproductive) et de travailler sur la relation à la figure maternelle. Based on a clinical situation taken from doctoral research, the author wishes to show how the unconscious psychic issues re-actualized by migration and bereavement can hinder the occurrence of a subsequent pregnancy. The choice of this clinical vignette is explained by its paradigmatic dimension, the richness, and the quality of clinical elements. This clinical situation is based on a qualitative methodology of descriptive case analysis which integrates the "grounded theory". The analysis underlines, on the intrapsychic level, issues of the order of unelaborated traumas (unplanned mourning) and a negativity of the relationship to the maternal figure which hinder the desire for a child. Psychotherapeutic care would seem to be necessary in order to offer the opportunity for development in the event that the pregnancy did not take place, to initiate a process of grieving over the numerous losses (migration, father, fetuses, reproductive function), and to work on the relationship to the mother figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer screening programmes aim to save lives and reduce cancer burden through prevention or early detection of specific cancers. Risk stratification, where one or more elements of a screening programme are systematically tailored based on multiple individual-level risk factors, could improve the balance of screening benefits and harms and programme efficiency. In this article, we explore the resulting ethical issues and how they impact risk-stratified screening policymaking using Beauchamp and Childress's principles of medical ethics. First, in line with universal screening programme principles, we acknowledge that risk-stratified screening should be introduced only when the expected total benefits outweigh the harms, and where it has a favourable overall impact compared to alternative options. We then discuss how these are difficult to both value and quantify, and that risk models typically perform differently in sub-populations. Second, we consider whether screening is an individual right and whether it is fair to offer more or less intensive screening to some and not others based on personal characteristics. Third, we discuss the need to maintain respect for autonomy, including ensuring informed consent and considering the screening implications for those who cannot or choose not to participate in the risk assessment. In summary, from an ethical perspective, focusing on population-level effectiveness alone is insufficient when planning risk-stratified screening programmes and the range of ethical principles must be considered. • Risk stratification raises ethical issues that must be considered in policymaking. • Beneficence and non-maleficence are hard to quantify and compare across subgroups. • Including certain characteristics in risk assessment can be justified, with caution. • Autonomy necessitates clear communication and informed consent/dissent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family caregivers of older adults receiving home care often find themselves in situations in which they must make important and difficult decisions, which can cause conflict and regret. To tailor shared decision making in this context, we aimed to identify the most difficult decisions they faced, assess their levels of decision regret, and explore the associated factors. This study used a cross-sectional design. Participants included 165 caregivers of older adults who received home care services in Korea. We identified difficult decisions perceived by family caregivers of older adults and evaluated decision regret using the Decision Regret Scale (DRS), decisional conflict using the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), burden of care using the Short Zarit Burden Inventory, and Preference Control Scale (PCS). We then performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate linear regression analyses to identify factors predicting decision regret. The most frequently reported difficult decisions were related to place of living (71.6%), management of health conditions (15.1%), and end-of-life decisions (13.3%). The mean DCS score was 37.09 (12.67), the DRS score was 32.33 (15.91), and the burden score was 21.81 (8.25). Matching decisions with preferences and aligning decision-making roles significantly reduced regret, while decision conflicts increased regret. The positive associations between decision regret, decision conflict, and the alignment of decision-making roles highlight the intricate dynamics involved in the decision-making process for family caregivers. These findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions that recognize and address the diverse factors influencing caregivers' decision-making experiences. Future research exploring the efficacy of targeted interventions such as decision-support programs or caregiver education initiatives could offer valuable insights into mitigating decision-related challenges and improving the overall well-being of both caregivers and care recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the Leadership in Cross-Cultural Teaching Program (Cross-Teach), which retrains academics to become teachers in the 'other' (Jewish vs. Arab) educational stream in Israel, a high-intensity conflict society. The research aimed to uncover lecturers' understanding of intercultural competence (henceforth, IC), investigating how they perceive it should be imparted to pre-service teachers operating across intercultural boundaries. Nine lecturers, representing diverse backgrounds and extensive experience, were interviewed and the transcripts were used as data for qualitative analysis. This research presents a novel perspective on IC among educators, emphasizing comprehensive skills ranging from cognitive and emotional dimensions to identity exploration. Diverging from existing literature, our study uniquely focuses on identity and conflict as an essential component of IC among teachers. The lecturers delve into the reciprocal learning environment, exposing participants to identity conflicts and fostering intercultural encounters. The inclusion of diverse Arab and Jewish lecturers further enriches our exploration of identity formation. Our findings illuminate the complex dynamics, challenges, and opportunities for IC within a society marked by high-intensity conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a qualitative study of how schools in Estonia were incorporating Ukrainian war refugee students in the spring of 2023. Observations and interviews were conducted in 7 schools with teachers, school administrators, psychological support staff, refugee students in grades 7–12, and their parents. The study found that schools were balancing three overlapping goals: (1) to ensure psychological adjustment of the refugee students by creating a safe, supportive, and welcoming school environment; (2) to provide students with opportunities to learn and be academically successful, and (3) to facilitate acculturation of refugees into Estonian culture and language. These three "A's": adjustment, academics, and acculturation were important in all schools in the study. As schools engaged in implementing the three goals, they found that at times they were in conflict with one another, requiring them to prioritize some and de-emphasize others. The Ukrainian secondary school was created specifically for these students and prioritized adjustment but faced challenges motivating students to engage academically and learn the Estonian language. Russian-medium schools provided the easiest access to the academic curriculum in Russian, without the need to acculturate; but students experienced some anti-Ukraine attitudes from peers and teachers. In Estonian-medium schools, students had the best opportunity to learn Estonian but felt socially isolated and were unable to engage with the Estonian-language curriculum. The study highlights the need for schools to balance these different goals and work to resolve contradictions as they arise in their unique context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 'drug strategy' is a policy document that structures the priorities and directions for interventions for drug related issues within a particular jurisdiction and/or context. A 'pillars' drug strategy concentrates efforts through clustering separated columns of activity, such as law enforcement, harm reduction, treatment, and prevention. In this study, we examined drug policy stakeholders' perspectives on the structure, function, and fit of a four pillar drug strategy framework in Vancouver, Canada. Utilizing qualitative interview data from fifteen drug policy stakeholders, we examine perspectives on Vancouver's four pillar drug strategy that was implemented over 20 years ago. Our findings are organized under three main themes: (1) the notion of 'balance' of efforts, resources, and attention across the pillars; (2) how the pillars function as a cohesive whole; (3) whether the pillars' architecture is still fit-for-purpose. The architecture of four discrete pillars did not enable a sense of cohesion and collaboration of efforts, and instead elicited a sense of competition, conflict, fragmentation, simplicity, and rigidity of the strategy as a whole. These findings suggest that, in practice, a four pillars framework may be structurally dysfunctional in working towards a common goal. Our study questions the effectiveness of a commonly used 'pillars' framework and whether it needs to be reenvisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The latent class analysis identified four distinct types of parent–child relationship. • Family SES and child gender showed differential effect on the types of parent–child relationship. • The patterns of parent–child relationship displayed significant impact on children's social competence. As one of the earliest and most salient relationships, the parent–child relationship during a child's early years forms a foundation for subsequent interpersonal interactions and has a direct impact on child developmental outcomes. Using a sample of 4,938 Chinese preschoolers and their parents, we employed a person-centered approach to explore how the parents were grouped into classes based on their perceived levels of closeness and conflict in the parent–child relationship. Four distinct relationship types were identified using latent class analysis: harmonious (45.14%), conflictual (26.75%), ambivalent (24.36%), and detached (3.75%), representing different combinations of relational closeness and conflict in the home setting. Family socioeconomic status and child gender were found to be significant predictors of the types of parent–child relationship. The results also indicated that children in the harmonious relationship group exhibited significantly higher levels of social competence compared to children in the other parent–child relationship groups. The findings of this study underscore the concurrence of relational closeness and conflict, and shed light on the need for providing tailored family support strategies and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the persistent animosity between Palestinians and Israelis, the portrayal of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has undergone significant changes over time. The concept of normalization, integral to the peace process, has gained increasing prominence. Nevertheless, this concept has acted as a divisive force within the Palestinian political landscape in the West Bank, creating a clear divide between advocates and opponents. Employing a rigorously validated 19-item factorial questionnaire, the present mixed-method study endeavors to elucidate the perspectives of Palestinian university students regarding the stagnated peace process, the normalization of relations, and the security coordination with Israel. The findings of this study shed light on several intricate associations among the examined variables. They underscore that economic, political, and security considerations serve as pivotal factors contributing to the stance of Palestinian youth, wherein they show support for armed resistance and concurrently express opposition towards both normalization and security coordination with Israel. Ultimately, the study's culmination underscores a discernible pattern – that Palestinians could potentially embrace the prospect of normalizing relations with Israel and embarking on the path of peaceful coexistence, provided Israel acknowledges their rights and facilitates the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical research is crucial for national cancer control plans. Prior to the Russian invasion on 24th Feb 2022 both Russia and Ukraine were significant contributors to global clinical trials and cancer research. In this short analysis we describe this and the impact that the conflict has had with wider consideration for the global cancer research ecosystems • Both Ukraine and Russia have been major contributors to global cancer trials. • Cancer trials are a major source of support for Ukrainian research and patients. • The conflict has driven radical changes in clinical trial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent Delphi study indicated that, compared with eating disorder (ED) consumers and carers, ED specialists were less likely to endorse involvement of a dietitian as a standard component of treatment. In addition, there was disagreement between these groups regarding the inclusion of a number of components of dietetic treatment. This study aimed to further investigate these data to identify areas of disagreement among ED specialist dietitians, ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians, consumers, and carers with regard to outpatient dietetic treatment. The ED specialists panel from a previous Delphi study was recoded into 2 panels: ED specialist dietitians (n = 31) and ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians (n = 48) to compare responses of these panels with responses from consumers (n = 32) and carers (n = 23). Statements in 7 categories relating to referral to dietitian, essential components of outpatient dietetic treatment regarding 4 ED patient populations, strategies to promote multidisciplinary collaboration, and skills dietitians should possess if treating patients with an ED were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. One-way analysis of variance was conducted with post-hoc multiple comparisons to compare mean statement ratings. Thirty-seven statements (30%) showed statistically significant differences (P <.05) in responses between panels. Discrepancies were primarily observed for statements regarding how and when dietetics is included in treatment and essential components of dietetic treatment, particularly the use of behavioral tasks, such meal plans and self-monitoring. Results also highlighted deficits in participants' understanding of core responsibilities of dietitians in ED treatment and dietitians "drifting" from delivering evidence-based components of dietetic treatment. Results of this study show discrepancies among ED dietitians, clinicians, consumers, and carers regarding what dietetic treatment for people with EDs should encompass. It also indicates the need for further research into optimizing dietetic treatment for EDs that is conducted in collaboration with individuals with lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, a video of policemen beating up an Ethiopian-born first Lieutenant in the Israeli Defense Forces, was published by the Israeli media and triggered a massive protest against police brutality and discrimination of the Ethiopian community. The current study aimed to understand the meaning the members of the Ethiopian community attribute to the protest, and its' relation to their experiences within the Israeli society. The paper is based on data gathered through interviews with 19 young Ethiopian Israeli adults. The analysis revealed that the participants' interaction with Israeli society is characterized by a shared experience of discrimination and racism, which shaped their perception of protest as a means of speaking out, strengthening a collective identity and achieving feelings of empowerment. However, individual differences were found in the way the participants believed their protest should be conducted. Findings suggest that an understanding of protest should take into account not only shared group experience but also illuminate individual differences. Universalist understandings of protest should be widened to include an examination of how protest can inform us about the social and historical process of relations between a minority group and the majority group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LGBTQ+ Mongolian youth experience substantial self-conflict in discriminatory social settings. • Media, religion, and sex negativity contributed to feelings of fear and isolation among LGBTQ+ youth. • LGBTQ+ acceptance from family or friends had substantial impacts on generating positive emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) in long-term care facilities is gaining recognition as a serious problem. Racial/ethnic conflict may be a contributing factor to RRA incidents, but it remains insufficiently studied. Our goal was to explore overt racial/ethnic conflict in RRA. We used quantitative and qualitative secondary analyses of existing data from a large, rigorously conducted study of RRA to describe the involved residents and patterns of overt racial/ethnic conflicts. The parent study included information of 2011 residents in 10 randomly selected New York State nursing homes with a wide range of racial/ethnic minority residents (4.2%–63.2%). A subset of 407 residents were involved in RRA. We re-examined data from the parent study, which used an innovative approach to identify RRA incidents by reconstructing each incident based on residents' self-reports, staff interviews, field observations, and medical chart review. Resident and facility information was collected. A total of 35 residents (8.6% of those involved in RRA incidents) were identified as involved in overt racial/ethnic conflicts. These residents were more likely to have had less education than residents involved in other types of RRA but not in overt racial/ethnic conflicts. More than half (56.9%) of the 51 incidents of RRA involving overt racial/ethnic conflict between a specific pair of residents occurred repeatedly. Manifestation of racial/ethnic conflicts included physical violence, discrimination, racial/ethnic slurs, stereotypes, and microaggression. Acute precipitants of these incidents included various communal-living challenges and unmet needs at the facility, relational, and individual levels. Psychological and behavioral consequences were also described. We found a broad range of manifestations, acute precipitants, circumstances surrounding, and consequences of overt racial/ethnic conflicts in RRA. Additional research is needed to improve understanding of this phenomenon and how staff may effectively intervene and prevent it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Concerned significant others (CSO) of adolescents with excessive gaming behaviors suffer from high levels of mental health symptoms. • A mentalization-informed motivational interviewing group intervention tailored for CSOs was developed and pilot evaluated. • The intervention has positive impacts on CSOs' mental health and emotion regulation, and gaming-related parent–child conflicts. Existing interventions to address gaming disorder or excessive gaming primarily focus on individuals with the disorder. Little research has been undertaken regarding the development and evaluation of interventions tailored for concerned significant others (CSOs), who often feel distressed due to their loved ones' excessive gaming. This pilot study adopts a mixed-method design to evaluate the impacts of four sessions of a mentalization-informed motivational interviewing group intervention for CSOs. For the quantitative evaluation, a non-randomized controlled design is used. The study involves 38 parents of adolescents who are experiencing excessive gaming in Hong Kong. The intervention group (n = 23) received the CSO intervention; the control group (n = 15) did not. A total of 12 qualitative interviews with the intervention group participants were also conducted to collect their views on the usefulness of the intervention. The quantitative findings show that the intervention group experienced significant improvements in mental health, emotion regulation, and gaming-related parent–child conflict from pre-test to post-test, compared with the control group. The qualitative data corroborates the quantitative findings and provides insights into potential reasons for these improvements. The findings contribute to the knowledge base regarding CSO interventions in the context of gaming disorder—an underexplored area of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the influence of five multicultural personality traits (i.e., Cultural Empathy, Open-Mindedness, Social Initiative, Emotional Stability, Flexibility) in predicting management styles (i.e., Integrating, Obliging, Compromising, Dominating, Avoiding) adopted by teachers from five European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain) to deal with intercultural conflict that may arise within classes with and between students. Potential differences according to socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., Gender, Age, Working Seniority, Country of belonging) were also examined. Data from 589 secondary school teachers indicated that teachers who were more open-minded reported greater adoption of Integrating and Obliging styles when managing intercultural conflicts with and between students; while teachers who were less culturally empathic and flexible were more likely to adopt the Dominating style, and those who possess lower social initiative and flexibility were more likely to adopt the Avoiding style. Teachers who possess lower levels of emotional stability showed greater adoption of the Obliging style. Differences across socio-demographic characteristics were also found. Findings provided evidence to develop interventions aiming to foster effectiveness in classroom management of intercultural conflicts by underlining how multicultural personality may influence teachers' ways to act and adjust to the educational demands of the increasingly multicultural school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with medical complexity have ongoing health needs that may require dependence on medical technologies. While hospital admissions are an important focus of care delivery for these children, a majority of the time they are cared for in their own homes. Parents' report feeling overwhelmed and stressed by the scope of their responsibilities, but they become sophisticated care providers and assume greater authority when providing their children's care at home. Communication, decision-making, and dealing with conflict with members of health care teams have been central concerns in parents' reports of their home health care experiences. The objective is to review literature on relational aspects of parent and home health care provider care practices for children with medical complexity receiving home health care services. A narrative review was conducted. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, PsychINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL databases for English language studies published since database inception was carried out. Eligible studies focused on relational aspects of parent and home health care provider care practices for children with medical complexity receiving home health care services. Nine empirical studies were selected for this review. Literature describes parents' and providers' experiences managing a child with medical complexity in the home and the effects for the family and the parent-health care provider relationship. Parents want to be actively involved in all aspects of care that affects their child and ultimately their family. Further investigation is needed to better understand relational aspects of parent-home health care provider care practices to support child/family health and well-being in the home setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the research priorities of Australian practicing chiropractors and academics across a set of research domains to determine the agreement or disagreement based on these domains. We conducted a pilot-tested online survey focusing on the following 5 principal research domains: basic science, conditions (disorders chiropractors may encounter), patient subgroups, clinical interventions, and practice and public health/health services. Responses were sought regarding support for funding research scholarships, practice-based research networks, scientific conferences/symposia, journals, and existing research agendas. Data were collected (February 19 to May 24, 2019) from a sample of chiropractic academics (n 1 = 33) representing 4 Australian programs and practicing chiropractors (n 2 = 340). Collected data were ranked and analyzed to determine agreement across domains and items. There was agreement between the 2 groups across the majority (>90%) of domain items. The closest agreement and highest rankings were achieved for the "clinical interventions and practice" and "conditions" domains. Disagreement was observed within specific domain items, such as patient subgroups (infants), and for 1 intervention (chiropractic-specific techniques). Disagreement also occurred outside of the main domains, including research agenda support and funding. There was overall agreement between practicing chiropractors and academics across most research area domain items, which should help facilitate consensus-led development of any potential Australian Chiropractic research agenda. Disagreements across specific domain items, such as population subgroups, interventions, and funding require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of empathy for outgroup helping, collective action and political activism among youth in Northern Ireland, a setting of protracted conflict. Integrating the Empathy-Attitudes-Action model with the Developmental Peacebuilding Model, a two-wave study was conducted to assess youth's behavioural intentions and actual behaviours toward refugees. Across two waves (N = 383, 52 % male, 48 % female; 14−16 years old), empathy at Time 1 predicted more positive attitudes toward ethnic minorities at Time 2, which in turn was positively related to four outcomes aiming to foster prosocial change for refugees: helping behaviour and realistic helping at the interpersonal level, collective action intentions at the structural level, and signing a petition aiming for cultural change. That is, outgroup attitudes mediated the link from empathy to three types of prosocial action toward refugees. The findings suggest that youth not only volunteer to help an individual outgroup member, but also support broader structural and cultural change that will benefit those they may never meet. Implications for recognising and supporting the constructive agency of youth toward disadvantaged groups in conflict settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of intractable conflicts, emotions such as anger, constitute a major factor in the formation of attitude and behaviour. Collective public in-group anger is based on an appraisal of the out-group's behaviour as unjust and unfair. Anger is the primary negative emotion in numerous intractable conflicts. Context affects the potential construction of anger and it has great potential to influence emotional reactions and subsequent behaviour. In contrast to individual emotions, which are sometimes related to a dispositional system or physiological mechanisms, collective or group-based anger is formed as a consequence of experiences in particular societal environments that produce "circulation of affect" and collective anger. To take one current example, the intractability of the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar is anchored in a set of competing narratives and entrenched nationalism. The conflict can be explained by significant changes in the social and political contexts that have led to a reinterpretation of the historical and social conditions between ethnic Rakhine and Rohingya, and in some cases a re-directing of anger to non-aggressive yet advocative approaches of peacebuilding. Such an analysis subscribes to a growing number of recent studies that demonstrate the potentially remedial effects of anger in peace-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the experiences and perceptions of coaches, athletes, and integrated support teams towards the management of three Paralympic teams across North America and Europe. Six focus groups with athletes, three interviews with head coaches, and 10 interviews with support team members were conducted and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Our analysis resulted in three overarching themes to portray the coaches' role and behaviours in managing their (1) athletes, (2) integrated support teams, and (3) team as a collective unit. All teams were made up of a diverse group of athletes that required individualized considerations regarding age, finances, and disability. Coaches were successful when they fostered autonomy and managed interpersonal conflict by utilizing their integrated support teams to foster cohesiveness. This study provides an in-depth view of the role of the coach in managing national parasport teams by incorporating multiple perspectives from three teams around the world. • Multiple sources of data collected from head coaches, athletes, and support teams. • Head coaches managed a diverse team of athletes regarding age, finances, and disability. • Head coaches used their support team to maintain cohesion and well-being in the team. • First step in conducting and promoting international parasport coaching research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short video addiction, a specific type of internet addiction, has emerged as a significant problem among youth today. The high prevalence of co-occurring mood problems, such as depressive symptoms, in individuals with short video addiction poses additional challenges for treatment. However, the extent to which these symptoms interact, predict each other, and further maintain the problems remains unclear. Therefore, this study employed cross-lagged panel network analysis to reveal the directional network structure between the co-occurrence of short video addiction and depressive symptoms in a sample of 1163 Chinese youth. The findings indicate that specific symptoms of addiction, namely 'Tolerance', and depressive symptoms such as 'Anhedonia', predicted the subsequent development of symptoms for each mental health issue. Furthermore, both the addiction problem 'Conflict' and emotional feelings such as 'Sad mood' may serve as bridge symptoms linking the co-occurrence of these two mental health issues. These findings contribute to a profound comprehension of the interrelationships and evolution of these conditions over time, revealing the underlying mechanisms behind the high relapse rates observed in addiction treatment strategies. In other words, the key symptoms and bridge symptoms identified in this study can be prioritized as targets for preventing and treating short video addiction in this particular population. By disrupting any interconnectedness between short video addiction and depressive symptoms, we can avoid the progression or escalation of co-occurring issues, leading to more effective and comprehensive treatment outcomes. • The first cross-lagged panel network analysis of short video addiction and depressive symptoms among Chinese youth. • The 'Conflict' and 'Sad mood' were two key bridge symptoms that required attention. • The negative loop between 'Conflict' and 'Guilty' shows an accumulative effective for the co-occurrence of disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing methodology for measuring and valuing child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a priority for health technology agencies. One aspect of this is normative decisions that are made in child HRQoL valuation. This qualitative study aimed to better understand adult public opinion on the normative questions of whose preferences to elicit (adults, children, or both) and from which perspective (who should be imagined living in impaired health), when valuing child HRQoL. Opinions of the adult UK public (N = 32) were solicited using online semi-structured focus groups, featuring a breadth of age, sex, ethnicities, and responsibility for children under 18 years. Participants were provided with bespoke informational material on health state valuation and were probed for their views. Arguments for and against different positions were discussed. Data was analysed using framework analysis. Participants demonstrated near-to-universal agreement that children should be involved in valuation in some form, yet this should differ depending on age or maturity. There was strong support for approaches combining involvement from children and adults (e.g., their parents), especially for younger children. There was little intuitive support for the 'taxpayer argument' for asking taxpaying adults. In the context of greater involvement of children in valuation, most participants supported using an 'own' perspective. Most participants thought that valuation study participants should know the exercise is about valuing child health states for ethical reasons. Informed views from the UK public on who should be asked and with what perspective when valuing child HRQoL appear to differ from normative positions previously advocated by some health economists, such as prioritising the preferences of taxpaying adults. In contrast, the results suggest including adults and children in valuation, with the proviso that the children are of an appropriate age and level of maturity, and that an own perspective is used wherever possible. • Little evidence on public views of how to value child health states. • Opinions of an informed UK public elicited using semi-structured focus groups. • Strong public support for some involvement of children in valuation tasks. • Little intuitive support for the 'taxpayer argument' for involving taxpaying adults. • Public views differ from normative positions advocated by some health economists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the effects of war exposure on the psychological health of combatants has so far been constrained by possible selection biases which limits the establishment of causality, the clear identification of dynamics, and the generalizability of findings. In this study, we make use of a population-level natural experiment enabled by the strict military conscription system in Turkey which uses a draft lottery to randomly allocate conscripts to bases across the country, including those south-eastern areas experiencing a long running civil conflict. We build on this setting with a representative field survey of 5024 adult males. Our results indicate that those exposed to high intensity armed conflict environments during their service are more likely to experience depressive symptoms even long after their discharge. Further detailing conflict exposure, we find war traumas to be the primary drivers of the effects we observe. • We identify causal effects of armed conflict exposure on depression. • We build on a population-level natural experiment with a field survey. • Findings indicate exposure to armed conflict leads to depression. • Effects are highly resilient over time. • War traumas are the main drivers of the negative psychological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the perceptions of nursing students from Brazilian universities about the interpersonal relationship of the nursing team in the work environment. Healthcare institutions are complex entities where diverse professionals from different educational backgrounds work together to provide high-quality care to the population. The effective coordination of services within these institutions is closely linked to the interpersonal relationships among these different healthcare professionals. Nurses play a crucial role as members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team, acting as fundamental links between other professionals and patients. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. An online, open-ended questionnaire was used. A total of 30 nursing students participated in the study. Data were organized in two themes: (1) Interpersonal relationships of the nursing team and (2) Improving interpersonal relationships of the nursing team. Also, eight sub-themes were identified: Conflict dynamics within the nursing team, Hierarchical issues, Lack of communication, Impact of workplace interpersonal relationships on nursing students, Valuing the profession, Understanding role boundaries, Training in effective communication and conflict management, and Curricular reform. Blurred boundaries between professional roles, lack of respect, ineffective communication, hierarchical issues, and conflicts, were identified. Of particular concern was the limited interaction observed between the nursing team and multidisciplinary/support teams. Inadequate interpersonal relationships between members of the health team reflect negatively on nursing students during their clinical placements. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions aimed at improving interpersonal relationships within nursing teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'competitive threat' theoretical model leads to the expectation that flows of documented and undocumented immigrants, economic downturns, and spread of conservative-nationalist ideologies would increase opposition to immigration. Recent studies on attitudes toward immigrants in American society do not show any increase in anti-immigrant sentiment. In the present study, we use data from the General Social Surveys (GSS) and American National Election Survey (ANES) to study change in opposition to immigration between 1996 and 2018. The findings obtained from the two data sources are strikingly similar and lead to the following conclusions. First, opposition to immigration had steadily and monotonously declined throughout the period. Second, the decline is evident even after considering variations and changes in the composition of the population, shifts in political ideologies, regional variations and cohort replacement. Third, the trend of decline in opposition to immigration takes a linear form. Fourth, opposition to immigration is stronger among Republicans and Independent voters than among Democrats. Fifth, the overtime decline in opposition to immigration was evident mostly among supporters of the Democratic Party increasing the division along party lines. The findings suggest that immigration is becoming a major political issue that is steadily polarizing American society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on intersectional awareness literature, this paper examines how another individual difference regarding one's perception of identity intersections — bicultural identity conflict (BII-C)— predicts immigrants' interpretations of their social environment and general orientation to take action to support immigrants from one's heritage group (GOA-I). While previous research has shown that BII-C, or perceived conflict (vs. harmony) between multiple cultural identities, is related to negative intergroup outcomes, we extend this research to examine how BII-C relates to social change actions that promote a more equitable society. An experimental study with 165 first- and second-generation immigrants living in the United States found support for a moderated mediation model. BII-C moderated the relationship between discrimination and the degree to which participants attributed discrimination to societal factors. These attributions were associated with GOA-I. Future research should consider additional individual differences, beyond intersectional awareness and BII-C, to see how these orientations may also act as a lens through which people interpret their social environment and are willing to take action to change it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do biculturals, or individuals who identify with more than one culture, manage their loyalties between two cultural ingroups? We argue that this process is moderated by Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), or individual differences in perceived conflict between two cultural identities. Two quasi-experiments examined biculturals' preferences for two competing groups, each representing one of their cultural identities, in response to cultural primes. In Study 1, we found that Flemish-Belgian biculturals with low BII, or those who perceive their cultural identities as conflicting, favored the primed cultural group less than the unprimed cultural group. In Study 2, we found the same effect among Asian-American biculturals, but only when the cultural primes were positive. These findings show that low BIIs exhibit psychological reactance to cultural primes that are seen as threatening to the self, which in turn affect their loyalties to competing cultural ingroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review psychological research on intergroup conflict. First, we outline psychological perspectives on forms and functions of groups. Second, we present the most influential psychological theories of intergroup conflict and describe their similarities and differences in predicting individual prejudice, discrimination, and conflict engagement. Third, we review popular measures of intergroup discrimination, including rating measures, behavioral measures, and allocation tasks. Furthermore, we call for a refined semantic framework to structure and differentiate between different measures of intergroup bias. Fourth, we highlight several interventions that can de-bias intergroup relations and facilitate conflict resolution. Lastly, we propose that research on the psychology of intergroup conflict may benefit from a stronger interdisciplinary orientation regarding both theoretical perspectives and methods used and point out promising avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addressed the phenomenon of multiple social identities in a conflictual context. It examined the case of Palestinian-Christians living in Israel, a nation imbued with ethno-religious conflict, a complex combination of three distinct collective identities: national (Palestinian-Arab), ethno-religious (Christian), and civic (Israeli). The current study proposed a conceptual and methodological expansion of the "Bicultural Identity Integration" (BII) model (Benet-Martinez & Haritatos, 2005) as a way to assess different levels of integration between three types of identities (national, ethno-religious, and civic) in a sample of 383 Palestinian Christians with Israeli citizenship. Results revealed that the three integrations of BII (Arab-Christian, Arab-Israeli, Christian-Israeli) are positively predicted by favorable intergroup contact with Jews and Muslims and negatively by discrimination by these groups. Further, Latent Profile Analyses revealed four distinct identity profiles: two ("Pro-Arab" and "Pro-Israel") were highly conflictual and characterized by both discrimination and negative intergroup contact, and two ("Ambivalent" and "Peaceful") were characterized by less conflict across pairs of identities. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical contribution to the study of multiple social and collective identities in contexts of conflict, and their practical implications for the groups under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While teachers are generally perceived as positive agents of change in post-conflict countries, recently researchers have started questioning teachers' ability and willingness to teach 'peace' after conflict. The vast majority of these studies have been qualitative in nature. The current paper makes an important contribution to this debate by analysing quantitatively how teachers' narratives of the violent past affect their teaching practices in Côte d'Ivoire, a country that emerged from violent conflict in 2011. Drawing on a survey conducted among secondary school teachers (n = 984) in Abidjan, we show that teachers remain sharply divided along ethno-political lines concerning their perceptions of the past conflict and current peace and reconciliation process. There also exists a potentially problematic relation between these narratives and teachers' teaching practices: Teachers in support of the narrative associated with the current government seem much more willing to discuss their country's violent past in the classroom than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

À partir de la notion essentielle, clinique et théorique de « breakdown », les auteurs présentent dans ce texte l'observation d'une adolescente âgée de quatorze ans. Cette jeune fille « déclenche », au début de sa métamorphose pubertaire, à l'âge de 12 ans, une paralysie des membres inférieurs. Le travail technique psychothérapique entrepris révèle une tension massive, intrapsychique et intersubjective, dans l'environnement maternel et plus largement familial. From the essential notion, clinical and theoretical "breakdown", the authors present in this text the observation of a teenager aged fourteen. This young girl "triggers" at the beginning of her pubertal metamorphosis, at the age of twelve, paralysis of the lower limbs. The psychotherapeutic technical work undertaken reveals a massive, intrapsychic and intersubjective tension in the maternal and more largely family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De nos jours, les grands mouvements de populations amènent des individus de différentes cultures à entrer en contact, dans un vaste partage d'espaces de vie. Les psychologues, notamment ceux travaillant avec des familles et des enfants aux appartenances culturelles multiples, ne disposent pas toujours de tests psychologiques adaptés. Le but de cet article est d'évaluer dans quelle mesure le TEMAS, dans une version transculturelle représentant des personnages de différentes couleurs de peaux, peut permettre à des enfants aux appartenances culturelles multiples de produire des histoires à même de donner aux psychologues des informations sur leur dynamique psycho-affective et leur développement identitaire. À travers l'analyse des récits d'un enfant, nous mettons l'accent sur les conflits intrapsychiques qu'il verbalise, la manière dont il perçoit et interprète les images en fonction de leur contenu latent et les éventuelles particularités liées à son développement identitaire d'enfant de migrant. La proximité entre l'environnement multiculturel réel dans lequel évoluent les enfants et les images qui la représentent peut favoriser l'adhésion au matériel du test, et la qualité du processus d'identification et de narration. Le TEMAS peut être un instrument permettant d'explorer le fonctionnement psychologique d'enfants, à travers leurs productions narratives et ce quel que soit leur parcours culturel et linguistique. Nowadays, the wide flows of peoples lead individuals who have different culture to get in touch with one another, with a great sharing of life spaces. The psychologists, who mainly deal with multicultural families and children, do not always have suitable psychological tests. The objective of this article is to evaluate how the TEMAS, in a transcultural version which represents different skin-colored characters, may enable children with multiple cultural belonging to produce stories and, at the same time, provide the psychologists with information about their psychological and emotional dynamics and their identity development. Through the analysis of a child's stories, we emphasize the intrapsychic conflicts that he expresses, the way he perceives and interprets the illustrations depending on their latent content and the possible peculiarities connected to his identity development as a migrant's son. The closeness between the real multicultural background where the children grow up and the illustrations that represent it, may help the adherence to the material of the test and the quality of the identification and narration process. The TEMAS can be an instrument, which permits to explore the children's psychic functioning, through their narrative productions whatever their cultural and linguistic route is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular family meals foster healthy physical and social development of children but often occur less frequently in households experiencing food insecurity. How food insecurity influences the quality of these interactions is not understood well. To better understand family meal experiences of caregivers and children living in food-insecure households. A qualitative method with cross-sectional sample was used, collecting data using semistructured interview guides. Twenty ethnically diverse caregiver–child (aged 9 to 15 years) dyads in South Carolina were interviewed. Data were analyzed using grounded theory in Nvivo 10. Food-insecure households described family meals that varied in frequency, location, and quality of foods served, especially during times of food shortages. Interpersonal relationships drove the quality of mealtime interactions for these households. Household chaos not only influenced the frequency and location of meals, but also strained mealtime interactions in households with poor interpersonal relationships. In these homes, household chaos included conflicts with work and afterschool schedules, food shortages, coping with poverty and food insecurity (eg, working extra hours or seeking food assistance), and children visiting multiple homes, particularly when food was limited. All households experienced chaos, but strong interpersonal relationships were described as the primary reason for enjoyable mealtime experiences with few disruptions. Exploring family meal experiences of children in food-insecure households highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships and regular, positive mealtime interactions that may strengthen emotional connections in families to improve child health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current abundance of technology in daily life creates opportunities for interruptions in couple interactions, termed technoference or phubbing. The current study examined reports from both partners in 173 romantic relationships who completed daily surveys on technoference and relational well-being measures across 14 days. By using daily diary data, we were able to examine within-person associations and more closely approximate everyday life. Utilizing multilevel modeling, we found that on days when participants rated more technoference than usual, they felt worse about their relationship, perceived more conflict over technology use, rated their face-to-face interactions as less positive, and experienced more negative mood. These relationships existed even after controlling for general feelings of relationship dissatisfaction, depression, and attachment anxiety, and there were no significant differences between women and men in these associations. This suggests that regardless of an individual's or a couple's current level of well-being, if individuals perceive technology use as interfering in their interactions with their partner, these perceptions may affect their daily assessments of their relationship and mood. • Both partners in couples reported on technoference across 14 days of daily surveys. • More daily technoference was related to worse relationship quality. • More daily technoference was related to more conflict over technology. • More daily technoference was related to less positive face-to-face interactions. • More daily technoference was related to more negative mood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive interference as a representation of experienced "intrapsychic conflict" according to some findings might be attributed to competitive neural assemblies interacting during recognition process and interpretation of encoded neural information. These findings suggest a novel hypothesis that increased neural complexity reflecting competition of distributed neural assemblies may play an important role during neural interactions related to processing of conflicting information at the subjective level experienced as a "cognitive conflict". To illustrate how this hypothesis may be tested we have used the illustrative case study with the aim to assess changes of neural complexity related to conflicting information processing during incongruent Stroop task and compare this process of the so-called "neural interference" with the control tasks. In this illustrative single case study we have analyzed intracerebral EEG activities to asses the neural processing of conflicting information during the incongruent Stroop task and for the comparison were measured experimental periods during the congruent task and rest. The results indicate that EEG complexity measured using Momentary Largest Lyapunov Exponents (MLLE) is significantly increased during the conflicting cognitive Stroop interference in comparison to the other experimental conditions in all investigated brain sites. These results indicate that the neural interference related to conflicting stimuli is related to significantly increased neural complexity. The results of this illustrative case study in agreement with the hypothesis suggest that increased neural complexity may reflect the process of the so-called "neural interference" during presentation of the conflicting stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Football coaches have disclosed how their work environment is unpredictable and demanding, comprising a multitude of stressors which can impede well-being. Additionally, the masculine culture within football often promotes suppression of voice, causing internalisation of thoughts and isolation. Due to professional football head coaches being a seldom-heard group, little is known about how they experience well-being within their given context (i.e., ecological niche). The present study utilised football docuseries and a bioecological framework to explore how four male professional head coaches experienced well-being whilst working in one of the top European football leagues (Premier League, La Liga). Four docuseries were sampled and resulted in the analysis of 31 episodes (M duration = 46.6 min, SD = 4.5 min). The study implemented an adapted interpretative phenomenological analysis approach to illuminate convergences and divergences in contextual accounts. These accounts resulted in five group experiential themes: 'I belong to the game'; 'he belongs to the game'; 'you need the right people around you'; 'it's difficult to describe the manager without describing the person'; and 'people are trying to stab you'. The findings indicate that football coaches may experience identity conflicts and become deeply absorbed in their work. This impacts not only their well-being but also their family's, who they often turn to for social support. Consequently, by unveiling nuanced challenges to coaches' well-being, organisations may be better informed to offer more aligned and bespoke well-being support systems. • Docuseries granted access to male professional head football coaches. • A bioecological framework holistically conceptualises well-being. • An adapted interpretative phenomenological analysis approach was implemented. • Five group experiential themes relating to well-being were established. • Docuseries represent a useful way to explore intra and interpersonal well-being over a season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is a crucial element of the acculturation process. In immigration-receiving societies, studying the linguistic acculturation of majority groups is socially and theoretically relevant. In bilingual contexts where co-official languages have a history of conflict, the narrative of linguistic victimhood may play an important role in predicting responses to linguistically diverse immigrants. In two correlational studies in historically linguistically oppressed societies, specifically in the Basque Country (N = 589) and Catalonia (N = 526), using representative samples, we explored the relationship between a society's narratives of inclusive linguistic victimhood, encompassing both general perceptions (i.e., perceived similarities between in-groups' and out-groups' experiences of linguistic victimization) and context-specific perceptions (i.e., perceived similarity between the linguistic victimhood of the host society group and of immigrant linguistic minorities), and majority group attitudes towards linguistic acculturation (i.e., willingness to learn the languages of immigrant groups or to maintain the majority group language) and multilingual policies. Additionally, we examined the mediating role of intergroup empathy in these associations. The results indicated that, while general inclusive victimhood narratives were associated with native language preservation, context-specific narratives were linked to stronger willingness to learn immigrants' languages and supporting multilingual policies. Empathy played a mediating role between general inclusive victimhood and the willingness to acquire immigrant group languages, as well as in the relationship with attitudes towards multilingual policies. The theoretical and practical implications of these victimization narratives for acculturation processes and structural changes in the host society are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensions between conflicting values and views characterize multicultural democracies. This study deals with conflicting opinions within unequal power relations through the prism of rational belief change. We analyzed ten interviews with Palestinian teachers in Jewish schools in Israel, emphasizing conflicting values and ideas, and ways of settling discrepancies. Levi's (2004) framework helped delineate the areas of contraction, expansion, and core beliefs. We identified negotiations on values and views in which participants oscillated between Israeliness and Palestinianess, and between traditionalism and modernism. We suggest that the fundamental sensitivity in Jewish-Palestinian encounters is the fear of attacks on core beliefs. Teachers refrain from dealing with other value contradictions for fear that they will unwittingly cross over to threatening core beliefs. Teachers prefer to discuss consensual topics such as professional and educational issues, and topics related to their personal life such as parenting. We suggest rational belief change as an important tool to maximize the possibility of settling conflicting values and views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the latent profiles of professional identity among nursing students and explore the factors associated with different profiles. Nursing students' professional identity is easily influenced by various factors. However, current studies mainly focused on the overall level of professional identity and its related factors, ignoring the population heterogeneity of nursing students' professional identity. A cross-sectional study. A convenient sampling was used to collect data from 384 nursing students who were undergoing their clinical practicum in the affiliated hospitals of a medical university in China between January and April 2021. Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the nursing student internship stress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire, and the professional identity scale for nursing students. A latent profile analysis was used to identify the latent profiles of professional identity. Kruskal-Wallis H test, analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression were used to determine factors that were associated with different profiles of professional identity. Nursing students' professional identity could be classified into four profiles: low professional identity, relatively low professional identity, relatively high professional identity and high professional identity. These four profiles showed unique relationships with choosing nursing voluntarily, willing to be a clinical nursing staff, stress in conflict between study and work, and positive coping styles. The majority of the nursing students were classified into profile 1 (low professional identity) and 2 (relatively low professional identity). Nursing students' lower professional identity need to be further enhanced by improving social recognition of nurses to increase the willingness of high school graduates to choose nursing voluntarily, allocating nursing workforce rationally to increase the willingness of nursing student to be a clinical nursing staff, reducing nursing students' stress in conflict between study and work and encouraging them to adopt positive coping styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public is often exposed to conflicting health information, with evidence of concerning consequences, yet little attention has been paid to identifying strategies that can mitigate its effects. The current study tests whether three different approaches to communicating about the process of scientific discovery—a rational appeal using analogical evidence, a rational appeal using testimonial evidence, and a logic-based inoculation approach—could reduce the adverse effects of exposure to conflict by positively framing how people construe the scientific process, increasing their perceived knowledge about the scientific process, and helping them to respond to critiques about the scientific process, which, in turn, might make them less apt to counterargue the science they subsequently encounter in health news stories and other exposures to conflict. We fielded a survey experiment in May 2022 with a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 1604). Providing any of the three messages about science prior to exposure to conflicting health information encouraged both positive construal of science and greater science knowledge perceptions and discouraged counterarguing science, compared to a control condition in which people were only exposed to conflict. Of the three messaging approaches tested, the testimonial evidence message was slightly more effective, but was also considered slightly more accurate, credible, and trustworthy. Developing and implementing messages that describe the process of scientific discovery could prove successful, not only in improving public perceptions of science but perhaps ultimately in better equipping people to make sense of conflicting information and its causes. However, additional research on such strategies is needed, particularly as part of larger interventions with multiple messages across multiple exposures, if they are to have implications for health and science communication. • Strategies are needed to mitigate the effects of conflicting health information. • Data come from an online survey experiment fielded with 1604 U.S. adults. • Messages about the process of scientific discovery shape public perceptions of science. • Such messages strengthen positive construal of science and knowledge perceptions. • Messaging about science may attenuate the impacts of conflicting health information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines dual identification (i.e., identification with one's ethnic and national cultures) and cultural identity styles (i.e., the ways in which one negotiates ethnic and national identities) as predictors of intergroup evaluations in a sample of 228 Chinese New Zealanders. It was hypothesized that dual identification predicts more positive ingroup and outgroup evaluations, but also more ingroup bias. Furthermore, we expected that the Hybrid Identity Style (HIS), which reflects blending ethnic and national identities, is linked to positive ingroup and outgroup evaluations, but that the Alternating Identity Style (AIS), which involves shifting between these identities depending on the circumstances, is associated with negative ingroup and outgroup evaluations. We also predicted that HIS moderates the link between dual identification and ingroup bias. As expected, multiple regression analysis indicated that dual identification predicted more positive ingroup evaluation and greater ingroup bias, and HIS moderated these effects. A high level of HIS buffered the influence of dual identification on ingroup bias. HIS was positively, and AIS was negatively associated with both ingroup and outgroup evaluations. The results suggest that HIS is a promising route to positive intergroup relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world, many paramedics are authorised to withhold or terminate resuscitation. Research indicates this can be a challenging part of their role. Little is known about graduating paramedic student confidence, concerns and learning in this area. An online cross-sectional survey of students nearing completion of a paramedic degree in New Zealand, including piloting of a newly-developed confidence scale. Seventy-two participants reported varying exposure to termination of resuscitation and patient death. Participants felt most confident providing technical procedurally-based care and least confident with non-technical skills. Participants' greatest concerns included making 'the right call', supporting grieving family, controlling emotions and encountering conflict. Clinical exposure with supportive mentoring, clinical simulation, peer reflection and resolved personal experience with death, were considered most useful for professional development. Exposure to termination of resuscitation and management of the scene of a patient death is variable amongst graduating paramedics. Novice paramedics may benefit from opportunities to observe and rehearse non-technical skills including delivering death notification and communicating with bystanders and bereaved family. The Confidence with Resuscitation Decision-Making and Patient Death Scale has favourable psychometric properties and utility as an outcome measure for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although adolescent sexting often takes place within the context of adolescents' romantic relationships, little is known about how the behavior is associated with their relationship perceptions. This study addresses this gap in the research by focusing on the associations between adolescents' engagement in sexting and their perceptions of intimacy, passion, commitment, and verbal conflict within their current romantic relationships. We report on a survey that was conducted in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium among 657 adolescents (n girls = 415; 63.3%) between 14 and 18 years old (M age = 16.41; SD age = 0.94) who indicated that they were in a romantic relationship at the time that the survey was administered. We captured the dimensions of intimacy, passion, and commitment as defined by Sternberg's triangular theory of love. The logistic regression analysis revealed that engagement in sexting within a romantic relationship was significantly linked to higher perceptions of passion within the relationship. There was also a positive association between perceptions of verbal conflict and adolescents' engagement in sexting. No differences were found with regards to commitment and intimacy when comparing those who engaged in sexting and those who did not. The results suggest that associations between sexting and relationship satisfaction are limited, and that sending sexts could function as a way to express feelings among adolescents who have a need for sexual and physical proximity within their romantic relationships. • Little is known about the role sexting plays within adolescent romantic relationships. • We address this gap by investigating sexting from the perspective of the Triangular Theory of Love. • Sexting was significantly linked with higher perceptions of passion. • No associations were found between sexting and emotional intimacy and commitment. • Link between sexting and relationship satisfaction might be limited for adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facebook Addiction (FA) is a problem that concerns minors all over the world. The attachment bond with peers and parents has been proven to be a risk factor for the onset of FA. However, the family and peer group can have a different importance depending on the developmental period of the minor. This study examined the influence of peer and parental attachment on the symptoms of FA in early adolescents and adolescents to verify whether attachment to peers and parents predicts FA symptoms in both categories respectively. The sample was composed of 598 participants (142 early adolescents) between the ages of 11 and 17 years (M age = 14.82, SD = 1.52) recruited in the school setting. Multivariate multiple regressions were performed. For early adolescents the relationships with their parents influenced the levels of FA the most (such as withdrawal, conflict, and relapse), whereas peer relationships (such as, peer alienation) were the most relevant for adolescents. Our study provides support to the role of attachment to peers and parents as a risk factor for symptoms of FA. In line with developmental theories, parents and peers acquire a different weight in predicting the relationship between attachment and FA for early adolescents and adolescents respectively. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigate (a) the effects of attributional consensus on interpersonal outcomes and performance, (b) the effects of attribution type (i.e., adaptive/maladaptive) on performance, and (c) the interaction effects between attributional consensus and attribution type on performance. Across two studies (i.e., vignette and behavioural experiments), independent samples t-tests were used to examine the main effects of attributional consensus on interpersonal outcomes. A 2 (attributional consensus: high, low) x 2 (attribution type: adaptive, maladaptive) x 2 (time: pre, post) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor was used to analyse the main and interaction effects of attributional consensus and attribution type on performance. In Study 1, participants (N = 100) read a vignette describing a hypothetical situation in which they and their partner agreed or disagreed over an adaptive or maladaptive attribution. They then completed measures of conflict and cohesion. In Study 2, participants (N = 56) completed an experiment in which they performed a dart throwing task with a partner (a confederate) and were subsequently told they failed the task. After selecting an adaptive or maladaptive attribution, the confederate then agreed or disagreed with the participant. Measures of conflict, cohesion, social identity, and performance were then taken. High attributional consensus led to lower levels of conflict and higher levels of cohesion and social identity. Further, regardless of attribution type, high attributional consensus led to better performance. Overall the results provide evidence for the positive effects of high attributional consensus on interpersonal and performance outcomes. • High attributional consensus between teammates positively affects team dynamics. • High attributional consensus between teammates positively affects performance. • Attributional consensus may be more important than attributional content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dominant storyline of divorced families in prolonged conflict is children portrayed as victims without agency. How does this fit with how children position themselves in prolonged post-divorce conflicts? In this qualitative study we pose the following research question; how do children position themselves to challenges in post-divorce family conflict, and how is family conflict positioning children? This paper draws on in-depth interviews with nine children (10-16) years old. Positioning theory is used as an analytic tool to explore child subject positions. Three dominant subject positions emerged in the analysis: keeping balance, keeping distance and keeping on with life. While our analyses show that prolonged conflict is oppressive to the family system, it is argued that each dominant position represents resistance against threats to the child's wellbeing, dignity and being a child in a family. Implications for child and family services with respect to separated families in prolonged conflict are discussed. • Children take up three dominant positions to deal with family conflict. • Positions: Keeping balance, Keeping distance and Keeping on with life. • Dominant positions is acts of healthy resistance against threats from family conflict. • Adolescents navigate challenges of prolonged family conflict on their own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Night-time economy (NTE) leisure zones, while providing local economic growth and positive social experiences, are hotspots for urban public violence. Research aimed at better understanding and thus reducing this violence has employed a range of empirical methods: official records, self-reports, experiments, and observational techniques. In this paper, we review the applications of these methodologies for analyzing NTE violence on key research dimensions, including mapping incidents across time and space; interpreting the motivations and meaning of violence; identifying social psychological background variables and health consequences; and the ability to examine mid-violent interactions. Further, we assess each method in terms of reliability, validity, and the potential for establishing causal claims. We demonstrate that there are fewer and less established methodologies available for examining the interactional dynamics of NTE violence. Using real-life NTE bystander intervention as a case example, we argue that video-based behavioral analysis is a promising method to address this gap. Given the infancy and relative lack of exposure of the video observational method, we provide recommendations for scholars interested in adopting this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]