Search

• Minimum dietary diversity is associated with a lower risk of childhood underweight. • Consuming dairy, eggs, fruits, and vegetables lowers the risk of underweight. • Children exclusively fed mother's breast milk are more likely to be malnourished. A lack of consumption of a diversified diet is associated with poor physical and cognitive development in children. Evidence on the relationship between minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and childhood malnutrition remains inconclusive in India. We hypothesized that children aged 6 to 23 months on a diversified diet (five out of eight defined foods and beverages) are less likely to be malnourished (stunting, wasting, and underweight) compared to their counterparts who are not on a diversified diet. This cross-sectional study was based on the 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey of India, comprising a weighted sample of 57,714 children aged 6 to 23 months. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted for data analysis. The results showed a significant protective effect of dietary diversity on underweight (odds ratios [OR] = 0.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.86-0.96). In addition, children who did not consume eggs (OR = 1.09; 95% CI; 1.03-1.15), dairy products (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.17-1.27), or fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.17) were more likely to be underweight than children who did. Children who did not consume dairy products, fruits, and vegetables were also more likely to be stunted and wasted. However, we did not find significant associations of MDD with wasting and stunting. Nutritional interventions promoting daily consumption of dairy products, eggs, fruit, and vegetables are recommended to address the growing problem of childhood malnutrition in India. Regions with higher rates of malnutrition and those lacking MDD, such as Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, should be prioritized. [Display omitted] The present study includes 57,714 children aged 6 to 23 months. The results reveal that achieving minimum dietary diversity (consumption of five or more food categories out of the eight recommended by WHO) is associated with a reduced risk of underweight in children. Daily consumption of at least one serving of dairy products, one serving of eggs or lean meats, half a serving of fruit, and two to three servings of vegetables is recommended to reduce childhood underweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the placental biometry, placental biomarkers and uterine artery Doppler in each trimester of pregnancy for prediction of early-onset fetal growth restriction (EO FGR). In this prospective cohort study placental biometry; biomarkers PAPP-A, sFLT-1, and PlGF along with the uterine artery blood flow evaluation was done serially at 11–14, 20–24 and 28–32 weeks of gestation. The above parameters were compared between women with early onset FGR and controls. Out of 1008 fully followed cases, the small for gestational age fetuses were 227/1008 (22.5 %), and EO FGR were 84/1008(8.3 %).The placental length, volume, and PlGF levels were significantly lower, whereas the uterine artery PI(Ut PI) was significantly higher at all time points among cases. The sFLT-1 level showed a significant increase among cases, whereas it decreased among controls from the first to the second trimester. The detection rate using PV/UtA PI was 60 % in the first trimester and 66.7 % in the second trimester at 30 % FPR. The PV/Ut PI in first and the second trimester was a good marker for the prediction of pregnancies at increased risk of developing EO FGR. • There was lag in placental and fetal growth parameters from early pregnancy. • Placental biometric parameters length and volume were useful in predicting EO FGR. • Uterine Doppler indices showed significantly high values from the first trimester. • Biophysical model using placental volume/uterine artery PI was a good marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a gap in the literature that qualitatively explores the effects of psychoeducation on siblings who serve as caregivers for persons with schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the qualitative effects of brief need-based psychoeducation on sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia from southern India. Ten sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia were recruited for the study, with five in each group receiving either brief need-based psychoeducation or standard care. The participants were interviewed and their responses were recorded. Qualitative data analysis was performed using a combination of thematic and summative content analysis. The study found that both the intervention and standard care groups of sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia reported similar themes. However, the frequency and prominence of the themes were greater among those in the intervention group, as shown by the summative content analysis. The thematic analysis revealed four major themes: 1) personal experiences with the treatment process, including reduced stigma, active caregiving involvement, bonding, reduced criticality, and coping; 2) improved understanding and management of illness; 3) service satisfaction, and 4) indirect effects on symptomatic and functional recovery. Brief need-based psychoeducation was found to be more beneficial for sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia, as evidenced by the greater prominence of themes in the intervention group. This study adds to the limited literature on psychoeducation for sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Further studies utilizing rigorous qualitative methods are needed to explore the full scope of the intervention's effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn registers are an important source of surveillance data on injury intent. These data are considered essential to inform prevention activities. In South Asia, intentional burn injuries are thought to disproportionately affect women. Assessment of injury intent is difficult because it is influenced by personal, family, social, and legal sensitivities. This can introduce misclassification into data, and bias analyses. We conducted a descriptive, hypothesis generating study to explore misclassification of injury intent using data from a newly digitised single centre burn register in south India. Data from 1st February 2016 to 28th February 2022 were analysed. All patients in the data set were included in the study (n = 1930). Demographic and clinical characteristics for patients are described for each classification of injury intent. All data cleaning and analyses were completed using RStudio. Injury intent data were missing for 12.6% of cases. It was the most commonly missing variable in the data set. "Accidental" injuries had a similar distribution over time, age, and total body surface area (TBSA) for males and females. "Homicidal" injuries were more common in females. Injuries reported as "Suicidal" affected men and women equally. A decrease in reporting of "Suicidal" injuries in females corresponded to an increase in high TBSA injuries classified as 'Other' or with missing data. Overwriting of injury intent was present in 1.5% of cases. The overwritten group had a greater proportion of females (62.1% vs. 48.5%) and higher median TBSA (77.5% vs. 27.5%) compared to the group where intent was not overwritten. Our findings indicate that some subgroups, such as females with high TBSA burns, appear to be more likely to be misclassified and should be the focus of future research. They also highlight that quality of surveillance data could be improved by recording of clinical impression, change in patient reported intent, and use of a common data element for intent to standardise data collection. We also recommend that injury intent is recorded as a unique variable and should not be mixed with other elements of injury causation (e.g. mechanism). Although this is a single centre study, the methods will be of interest to those who utilise routinely collected data and wish to reduce misclassification of this important variable. • We explored misclassification of injury intent using burn register data from India. • Injury intent was the most commonly missing variable in the data set (12.6%). • Patients with overwriting of intent predominantly included females and large burns. • Females with burns categorised as 'other' or with missing data may be misclassified. • These findings highlight opportunities to improve quality of surveillance data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High rates of depression and suicidal ideation are found in women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), but their temporal relationship is unclear. This study explores the bidirectional causality between IPV victimization, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts among adolescent and young married women in India. Data sourced from the UDAYA longitudinal survey in India, comprising 3,965 women aged 15–22. Employing Pearson's correlation coefficient, we analyzed the relationship between variables. Additionally, a two-wave cross-lagged autoregressive panel model explored the bidirectional link between IPV, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Approximately 25 % and 45 % of the participants reported some form of partner violence at baseline and at follow-up after three years, respectively. Exposure to IPV at baseline was significantly associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up [β = 0.10, p < 0.001], and the association between depressive symptoms at baseline and IPV at follow-up was statistically not significant [β = −0.02, 95 % CI: −0.06-0.02]. Similarly, exposure to IPV at baseline was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts at follow-up [β = 0.24, p < 0.001], and the association between suicidal thoughts at baseline and IPV at follow-up was statistically not significant [β = 0.003, 95 % CI: −0.001-006]. The findings suggest that exposure to IPV is consistently and strongly associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in adolescent and young married women. However, the reciprocal relationships did not hold true in this study, implying that reducing IPV during adolescence could potentially minimize the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts during young adulthood. • Study explored bidirectional relationship between IPV and mental health in young married women. • Exposure to IPV at baseline was associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts at follow-up. • Depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts at baseline were not associated with exposure to IPV at follow-up. • Reducing IPV in adolescence could minimize depression and suicidal thoughts among young married women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cyclicality in aggregate productivity predicts the efficiency of resources reallocation. • Aggregate productivity growth originates from within-plants, allocative efficiency gain, and due to entry and exit. • We exploit the Great Recession to analyse the validity of the 'Cleansing' or 'Scarring' effect of recession and 'Schumpeterian Darwinian Selection' for Indian manufacturing. • The contributions to aggregate productivity growth from within-plant and net-entry effects are procyclical. • Plants in export-oriented industries are crucial in explaining the pro-cyclicality. • The exporting sectors during 2008-09 shifted resources from more productive to less productive plants. • The relatively productive exporters exited the markets following the global crisis, scarring the economy. • The positive contribution from the net-entry exit effect of plants during the economic downturn validates the 'Schumpeterian approach of Darwinian Selection'. Understanding the cyclicality in aggregate productivity helps answer whether the economy allocates resources efficiently or not. The paper analyses the sources of aggregate productivity growth, such as direct efficiency gain within-plants, allocative efficiency gain, and gains due to entry and exit during economic fluctuations. In particular, we exploit the economic shock of the Great Recession to analyse the validity of the 'Cleansing' or 'Scarring' effect of recession and 'Schumpeterian Darwinian Selection' for Indian manufacturing. The rise and fall of within-plant and net-entry effects during the economic fluctuations explains the pro-cyclicality of productivity growth. Plants in export-oriented industries are crucial in explaining the pro-cyclicality. Negative external shock to exporting sectors during 2008–09 shifted resources from more productive to less productive plants. The relatively productive exporters exited the markets following the global crisis, scarring the economy. Nonetheless, the positive effect from the net-entry exit of plants during the economic downturn makes the 'Schumpeterian approach of Darwinian Selection' valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of the high speed railway (HSR) network has made vital contributions in improving intercity travel around the globe. Despite being promoted by governments across the globe, multiplicity of barriers has prevented the penetration of HSR services in developing economies apart from China. Many studies have emphasized on the advantages of HSR services but have failed to highlight the challenges in developing an efficient HSR network. This study aims to identify and develop interrelationships between the major inhibitors in the growth of HSR in a developing economy such as India considering the perspective of multiple stakeholders. The stakeholders considered for the present study are academic researchers, Indian railway officials and ancillary companies involved in the construction of HSR. Thirteen major inhibitors are identified after consulting all the stakeholders and a blended methodology consisting of Fuzzy theory as well as decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method (Fuzzy-DEMATEL) is used to develop the inter-relationships. All stakeholders highlighted some common inhibitors such as financial viability of the HSR project, financial health of Indian Railways and the existing infrastructure as the major challenges in growth of HSR in India. Furthermore, strategies have been identified to mitigate these inhibitors to help the policy makers. Strategies have been proposed and a relationship (inhibitor-strategy) matrix has been developed to understand the acceptability of these strategies. The major contribution of the present study is that no study has considered different stakeholder's perspectives in identifying the inhibitors. Furthermore, the policy makers can directly use the findings of this study for HSR growth in developing economies. • Inhibitors to the growth of high-speed railway (HSR) network using multi stakeholders' perspective are identified. • A Fuzzy- DEMATEL method is proposed to reveal the causal interactive mechanisms among barriers. • A relationship mapping between the inhibitors and the strategies are developed. • Financial viability of the HSR project and the existing infrastructure should be prioritized. • The findings could help policy making by providing a priority ranking and of effective strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this qualitative study, nested in a randomized controlled trial, was to assess the mechanisms of the effects in both arms through examining perceptions of the participants about changes in their drinking behavior and their attributions for any perceived changes. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of trial participants. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Self-perceived change, mostly positive, was reported regardless of the objectively measured remission status. Participating in the trial itself was a major catalyst for change. Participants in both arms used a variety of similar strategies to make these changes; additionally, for those who received the intervention, both the style of the counselor (for example, the non-judgmental stance) as well as specific elements of the intervention were seen to influence change in drinking behavior. Absence of self-reported change was relatively uncommon and primarily related to the felt need for alcohol (e.g., drinking was perceived to be necessary to maintain good health), or the belief that one did not need to or want to change. Experiences of participating in a trial, the counselor style, and specific elements of a brief psychological treatment, play a role in influencing change in harmful drinking behaviors. • Positive change may be reported in the absence of objectively measured remission. • Trial procedures themselves become a major catalyst for modifying drinking behaviors. • Counselor style and specific elements of the intervention influence change in drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Raindrop size distribution (DSD) is the most effective parameter to calculate rain-induced attenuation, which can be severe at Ka-band and higher frequencies. The authors have investigated the impact of rain rate and DSD on rain-induced specific attenuation over a tropical location Kolkata, India. DSD data from disdrometer has been used to calculate the specific rain attenuation with the help of Mie scattering theorem. Low to medium drop diameters (up to 3 mm) are the largest contributors to the various classes of rain rate and attenuation. Double peaks of drop sizes are significant for medium rain rate. The contribution of smaller drop diameters decrease, whereas the contribution of higher drop diameters increase with increasing rain attenuation. At lower rain attenuation, (up to 1.5 dB), complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) shows higher value for stratiform rain, with respect to convective rain. The higher attenuation occurrences are mostly observed during 12–18 Indian standard time (IST), i.e., in the afternoon. The results will be helpful for Ka-band (GSAT-14) and higher frequency satellite communication channel modeling over India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has added new dimensions of uncertainty associated with India's rice production. Previous research has explored the impact of climate variation on production and noted the interdependence among neighbouring regions. Using district-level data, we investigate two categories of spatial dynamics associated with the climate sensitivity of rice yield. First, we find evidence that supports previous research that yield is significantly influenced by the direct effects of monsoon maximum temperature and rainfall. The second category, capturing indirect effects, is novel because it provides additional insights into formal and informal networks that underpin the information flow on climate adaptation. Empirical evidence of spatial interdependence arising from information spillovers provides insights into the development of spatially targeted policies that offer the potential for knowledge transfer that contributes to sustaining and increasing rice yields. Policy objectives should therefore focus on advancing technology and promoting social networks that enhance information flow across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Transfusion-related challenges for thalassemia patients in India. • High burden of alloimmunization. • The potential risk of Transfusion-transmitted infections. • Need of a collaborative approach to improve thalassemia care. The introduction of regular red blood cell transfusions transformed thalassemia major from a fatal childhood disease into a chronic disorder. Thalassemia is highly prevalent in South Asia, including the Indian subcontinent, and blood transfusion remains the cornerstone of management for these patients. But safe blood transfusions still remain a major problem in India. Difficulties in maintaining adequate blood inventory, a lack of a national blood act, and fragmented blood transfusion services are some of the major contributing factors for the delay in blood supply. In most of the blood centers, alloantibody detection facilities and extended red cell antigen typing are unavailable. Awareness is the key to reducing alloimmunization, which limits the effectiveness of transfusions and the potential availability of blood. Patients with thalassemia are also at high risk of transfusion-transmitted infections unless appropriate blood screening is in place. Hence, many patients remain under-transfused, resulting in decreased health and quality-of-life outcomes. Facilities such as leucoreduction and immunohematological monitoring following a blood transfusion are often lacking in India, especially at the sub-district level. Continuous efforts to raise community awareness, regular training of health-care workers, and proper utilization of available resources are essential to ensuring safe blood transfusions for patients with thalassemia. Access to the new treatments at an affordable cost may reduce the blood transfusion burden for thalassemia patients in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides are a severe geological hazard in northeastern India, particularly in Mizoram's Aizawl district. To assess this hazard, we conducted a landslide susceptibility mapping study using the frequency ratio (FR) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods. Twelve factors, including slope, elevation, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index, topographic ruggedness index, rainfall erosivity factor, geology, land use land cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and distance to road, were considered. The final susceptibility maps were created by combining these factors, each weighted according to its importance. Since no standard classification guidelines existed, we compared different systems like GIS-based geometric interval (GIC), natural breaks (NBC), and quantile interval (QIC) with mean-standard deviation (MSC). The area was divided into five susceptibility zones: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. We evaluated the accuracy of these systems using success rate curve (SRC) and quality sum ratio (Qs) techniques. SRC results showed similar performance for GIC, NBC, QIC, and MSC classifications. The AHP method also yielded comparable results. After analyzing the AUC under SRC and Qs, we selected the MSC classification system as the optimal approach for landslide susceptibility mapping. Notably, the distance to roads factor had the highest predictive value, highlighting its importance in identifying slope instability for effective management strategies. As landslides pose significant risks in northeastern India, and our study using FR and AHP methods, along with MSC classification, provides valuable insights for mitigating this geological hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low latitude D-region ionospheric disturbances observed by a multi-station VLF network during the December 2019 solar eclipse. • Short propagation paths are used to formulate the relationship between solar obscuration and reduction of D-region electron density. • Based on the observations and calculation, spatial distributions of D-region electron density over the Indian sub-continent are presented. We present the low-latitude D-region (60–90 km) ionospheric disturbances due to the December 2019 annular solar eclipse observed using the multi-station Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio network in West Bengal, India. VLF signals from communication transmitters were received from ten places using low-cost VLF radio receivers. The receivers were capable of recording the amplitudes of VLF signals mainly from the transmitters VTX, India at 18.2 kHz and NWC, Australia at 19.8 kHz. During the solar eclipse, the VTX signal experienced considerable positive, negative, and mixed-type amplitude variations depending on the propagation lengths between the transmitter and receivers, whereas the NWC signal displayed a relatively small amplitude response. We have also found that the highest VLF signal disturbances in each propagation path occurred after the time when the solar obscuration was maximum over the entire path. We used the observations of the VTX signal to formulate the relationship between solar obscuration and D-region electron density reduction during the solar eclipse. On the basis of this, we presented the electron density distribution of the D-region ionosphere during the solar eclipse across the Indian subcontinent. This study shows a useful method for integrating VLF observations and simulations to estimate the D-region electron density distribution over a vast area during a solar eclipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is one of the major domesticated crops planted commercially for the production of natural rubber (NR) worldwide. In recent years, rubber trees in the Southern states of India and other rubber-producing countries have experienced a severe leaf spot disease, characterized by the appearance of several brown circular spots in the initial stage, which later spread all over the lamina of fully matured leaves, leading to yellowing and defoliation. The causal organism of this Circular Leaf Spot (CLS) disease has not been conclusively identified in any previous studies. In this study, we collected infected leaf samples from various locations in the South Indian states. We aimed to identify the actual fungal pathogen that causes the CLS disease on rubber trees. Based on the morphological and molecular analysis of the most frequently isolated fungi from infected leaf samples were identified as Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fructicola. Pathogenicity tests also confirmed the involvement of isolated Colletotrichum spp. in the development of CLS disease. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding the CLS disease and its impact on rubber cultivation. To our knowledge, it is the first report of C. siamense and C. fructicola associated with CLS disease of rubber trees in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minor millets regarded as storehouse of proteins, dietary fibres, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and phytochemicals have nutrigenomic role in human health. Determination of such components is an essential approach to choose highly efficient millet grains. Hence, this study has estimated and compared the mineral composition, proximates, functional properties, phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological properties of the seed grains of Setaria italica (Foxtail millet), Echinochloa frumentacea (Barnyard millet) , Paspalum scrobiculatum (Kodo millet) , and Panicum sumatrense (Little millet) cultivated in Kolli hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Mineral analysis revealed the presence of calcium, copper, magnesium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. Occurrence of high content of protein, carbohydrate and vitamin E were also ascertained. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude lipid, and crude fibre) and functional features (water and oil absorbing capacity, bulk density, foaming and emulsifying property) of these millet flours have demonstrated their potential in food product formulation, particularly weaning foods. Total phenolic content was ranged between 53.28±0.71 and 110.42 ± 1.42 mg GAE g−1 of dried extract; and total flavonoid content was in the range of 23.80±1.09 to 65.1 ± 1.23 mg QE g−1 of dried extract in the studied millets. Significant free radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition activity was observed in P. sumatrense (IC 50 of 128.92±1.18 µg mL−1 in DPPH assay), E. frumentacea (IC 50 of 120.89±1.46 µg mL−1 in ABTS assay and 126.52±0.78 µg mL−1 in tyrosinase inhibition assay), S. italica (IC 50 of 119.94±1.40 µg mL−1 in SO radical scavenging assay) and P. scrobiculatum (IC 50 of 101.59±1.27 µg mL−1 in α-amylase enzyme inhibition assay and 94.63±0.78 µg mL−1 in α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay). The findings highlight the nutraceutical ability of these minor millets which can be employed as a valuable ingredient in food product preparation. [Display omitted] • Four minor millets cultivated by the tribal communities were studied for nutritional and pharmacological profiling. • Nutritional analysis revealed all the studied millets recorded the presence of minerals. • Significant free radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition activity was observed in P. sumatrense. • P. scrobiculatum was recorded with notable α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effect. • The recorded phytochemicals were highly correlated with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyse India's transport sector policy. The study examines the two important modes of transport, viz., road and rail, and analyses the efficiency of transport infrastructure from 2011 to 2019. Through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we evaluate modes in terms of the capacity of registered road goods vehicles and railway goods wagons, truck km/train km and energy consumption and corresponding freight traffic. The analysis gives valuable insight into the fact that rail infrastructure is more efficient than road infrastructure. Still, current transport sector policies promote energy-intensive carbon-fuel road vehicles rather than energy-efficient alternative transport modes. The study suggests the changes that may be incorporated in inputs to improve the efficiency of the road infrastructure. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-Malmquist Index analysis reports the need for total factor productivity improvement in rail transport and the introduction of technological innovations in road and rail transport sector management. The study employs a well-to-wheel (WTW) based index to ascertain the energy consumed and pollutants emitted by freight-carrying road and rail modes between two leading business hubs of India, i.e., Ludhiana and Mumbai. The paper identifies policy gaps and suggests a holistic approach for need-based roadway investment and a time-bound development of railway infrastructure in India. Our study generates valuable implications for India's policy planners and government authorities and provides new insights to other countries. • The study examines road and rail transport, and analyses the efficiency and energy consumption of these modes. • The study suggests the changes to improve the efficiency of the road infrastructure. • The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-Malmquist Index analysis and well-to-wheel (WTW) based index have been employed for the analysis. • The paper suggests a need-based roadway investment approach and a time-bound development of railway infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Explore the level of breast cancer awareness among women of reproductive age. • Underscore the importance of targeted breast cancer awareness campaigns and interventions among women of reproductive age. • Highlights the existing knowledge gaps and the need for tailored interventions. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, and its prevalence is rising among younger women of reproductive age. The study aims to investigate their awareness of breast cancer risk factors, warning indicators, and preventive methods. The study also aimed to assess participants' knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) and their practices with this crucial screening method. To achieve these goals, we used a cross-sectional survey employing a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included multiple-choice and open-ended items about breast cancer awareness, knowledge, and practices. There were 400 questionnaires given out to female patients attending the out-patient department, and 290 of them were completed and returned. The majority of responders to our poll, 88 %, were aware that breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. The fact that 57 % of the individuals never examined their own breasts is a worrying result. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge and family history (X 2 = 13.8, P < 0.001) and knowledge and schooling (X 2 = 6.4,P < 0.001). Both the practise of BSE and knowledge of BC were good in respondents under the age of 45, however they differed statistically significantly (X 2-2.8,P = 0.041 and X 2-2.6, P = 0.001, respectively). Understanding the extent of breast cancer awareness and knowledge gaps in this population is critical for planning targeted interventions and educational efforts. By identifying areas where knowledge is weak, healthcare practitioners and governments can implement policies to encourage early detection practices, reduce delays in seeking medical aid, and ultimately improve breast cancer outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship on neoliberalism has shown how employability discourses compel students to invest in English. What remains underexplored is the role of affect in these processes, and how it works to anchor these discourses deep within people's subjectivities. Drawing on ethnographic data from an English-teaching NGO in Delhi, I explore the affective economy of English in India in order to demonstrate how and why English becomes desirable, for whom, and with what consequences. In doing so, I map the webs of complex logics and actors that not only discursively (re)produce English as a thing to be desired, but also draw boundaries around who can and should desire it. • Investment in English in India is an affective process tied to political economy. • Many marginalised students are affectively interpellated through promise of pride. • Lack of desire for English from others is framed as self-exclusion. • Feel-good narratives model ways of participating in the affective economy. • The focus remains on widening participation rather than structural inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ADITYA-L1 is India's first dedicated mission to observe the Sun and its atmosphere from a halo orbit around L1 point. Visible emission line coronagraph (VELC) is the primary payload on board Aditya-L1 to observe the Sun's corona. VELC is designed as an internally occulted reflective coronagraph to meet the observational requirements of wide wavelength band and the field of view close to the solar limb (1.05 R Sun ). Images of the solar corona in continuum and spectra in three emission lines 5303 Å [Fe xiv], 7892 Å [Fe xi] and 10747 Å [Fe xiii] obtained with high cadence are to be analyzed using software algorithms automatically. A reasonable part of these observations will be made in a synoptic mode in which the data are processed through a standard pipeline and the resulting products will be made available for public use. The procedure involves the calibration of instrument and detectors, converting the images into the FITS format, correcting the images and spectra for the instrumental effects, and aligning the images (in terms of position angles and image scales) etc. Then, develop image processing algorithms to detect the occurrence of energetic events using continuum images. Also derive physical parameters, such as temperature and velocity structure of solar corona using emission line observations. Here, we describe the calibration of detectors and the development of software algorithms to detect the occurrence of CMEs and analyze the spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mutual impedance probe was developed at the Physical research Laboratory, Ahmedabad and flown on a Nike-Apache rocket launched from Thumba, near the magnetic equator in India near noon on 3 March 1973. The experimental details and the results obtained are presented in this communication. Electron density values obtained from Langmuir probe during the same flight are close to values obtained from impedance probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease known to be associated with the individual's lifestyle and attitude to health. Prevalence of dental caries in military personnel is higher due to their rugged profession, where soldiers endure the toughest of hostilities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in Indian Armed Forces and its association with oral health related behaviours, i.e., tooth brushing, flossing, smoking, use of fluoride toothpaste, and pattern of dental attendance. Total of 22690 individuals with a mean age of of 35 ± 8 were examined. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on oral hygiene habits, following which oral inspection of the individuals was done. Once the data was compiled, the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was used to determine caries experience and to compare with oral health behaviours. Armed Forces of India has a pan India presence, and as a result, study pertaining to soldiers becomes cumbersome. The study was conducted to assess the changing patterns of oral diseases, create oral awareness, and to initiate oral health bank data of soldiers. The prevalence of dental caries 58.4% and DMFT rate 4.67+/-1.94 of Indian soldiers remains lower than those of the rest of the Armed Forces of the world. Prevalence of caries in Indian soldiers is lower than that of the rest of the Armies. The study depicts caries experience was lesser in soldiers practising positive oral health behaviours and a strong association between the rate of caries experience and oral health–related behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA technology is the gold standard with respect to the identification of individuals from biological evidence. The technology offers the convenience of a universally similar approach and methodology for analysis across the globe. However, the technology has not realised its full potential in India due to the lack of a DNA database and lacunae in sample collection and preservation from the scene of crime and victims (especially those of sexual assault). Further, statistical interpretation of DNA results is non-existent in the majority of cases. Though the latest technologies and developments in the field of DNA analysis are being adopted and implemented, very little has been enacted practically to improve optimise sample collection and preservation. This article discusses current casework scenarios that highlight the pitfalls and ambiguous areas in the field of DNA analysis, especially with respect DNA databases, sampling, and statistical approaches to genetic data analysis. Possible solutions and mitigation measures are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) affecting populations is considered a public health issue in South/Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the scientometric characteristics and research trends of OSF. All the papers on OSF were comprehensively retrieved from the Scopus database. Regional comparison (India versus outside of India) and chronological comparison (before 2015 versus after 2015) were performed. Among all the 1357 papers on OSF, 930 (68.5%) were from India. In India, biology research on antioxidant, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix were distinctive keywords. Risk factors of smokeless tobacco and gutkha and the roles of saliva and blood sampling were also distinctive keywords in India. In outside of India, biology research on myofibroblast, alpha smooth muscle actin, microRNA, long untranslated RNA, and protein p53 were distinctive keywords. The trend of biology research on connective tissue, genotype, genetic predisposition, messenger RNA, and cytology before 2015 has changed to research on myofibroblast, biological marker, microRNA, epithelial mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix, and oxidative stress after 2015. The trend of clinical aspects of surgery and mouth hygiene before 2015 has changed to the aspects of adverse event/effects, complication, and quality of life after 2015. This scientometric study elucidated the current scenario and research trends of OSF, and would help in improving in reciprocal collaboration and communication for this disease control in South/Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measles remains a critical public health concern causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the success of measles vaccination programs, challenges persist, particularly in India. This study investigates dose-wise measles vaccination coverage and explores gaps in immunization focusing on zero-dose, one-dose, and two-dose coverage among children aged 24–35 months. The National Family Health Survey 2019–21 (NFHS-5) served as the data source and the study analyzed information from 43,864 children aged 24–35 months. Sociodemographic variables such as birth order, wealth quintile, gender, social group, religion, residence, mother education, delivery-related factors, and media exposure were considered. Statistical analysis involved weighted estimates, chi-square tests, and multivariate multinomial logistic regression. The study revealed that challenges persist in achieving optimal measles vaccination coverage. Analysis by sociodemographic factors highlighted disparities in coverage, with variations in zero dose prevalence across states and districts. The percentage of zero-dose children was significantly higher, with 11.5% of children in India remaining to receive any measles vaccination. Factors influencing vaccine coverage include birth order, age, wealth quintile, social group, religion, residence, maternal education, place of delivery, media exposure, and mode of delivery. The findings from the spatial analysis show the clustering of zero-dose children is high in the northeastern states of India. Measles zero-dose children pose a significant obstacle to achieving elimination goals. Spatial analysis identifies clusters of unvaccinated populations guiding targeted interventions. The study aligns with global initiatives such as the Immunization Agenda 2030 emphasizing equitable vaccine access and discusses how India can tailor its strategies to achieve the goal. Lessons from polio eradication efforts inform strategies for measles elimination, stressing the importance of high-quality data and surveillance. The study underscores the urgency of addressing last-mile measles vaccination gaps in India. Spatially targeted interventions informed by sociodemographic factors can enhance immunization coverage. Achieving measles elimination requires sustained efforts and leveraging lessons from successful vaccination campaigns. The study findings have the potential to contribute to informed decision-making, supporting India's roadmap for the measles and rubella elimination goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An impetus towards the electrification of mobility is crucial for India. However, the adoption rates of electric two-wheelers remain low, and hence, for fruitful penetration of electric two-wheelers in India, this study analyses the factors affecting the adoption behaviour of electric two-wheelers using discrete choice models. This study uses data collected from 1375 potential electric two-wheeler buyers of Bengaluru, India, to study the influence of various vehicle attributes such as purchase price, operating cost, charging time, driving range, charging infrastructure and exhaust emissions on the intention to adopt electric two-wheelers. In addition, the impact of important policies such as free and reserved parking, access to priority lanes and toll tax exemption for electric two-wheeler owners is also analysed and discussed in this study. Apart from the vehicle attributes, this study also studies the effect of socio-demographic variables, travel variables and certain attitudinal latent variables such as environmental enthusiasm, technological enthusiasm, and perceived social image on the electric two-wheeler adoption behaviour. The results reveal purchase price, operating cost and charging time to have a significant negative impact and driving range and density of the charging infrastructure network to have a significant positive impact on the intention to adopt electric two-wheelers. • Explores the influence of vehicle attributes, policies and travel attitudinal variables on electric two-wheeler adoption intention. • Purchase price and charging time are major hindrances to widespread adoption of electric two-wheelers. • Improvement in driving range and charging infrastructure will aid in the adoption of electric two-wheelers. • Policy initiatives and incentives for electric vehicles can further induce acceptance of electric two-wheelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze whether the driving behaviour changes with different types of cars (Hatchback, Sedan and Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)), particularly on expressways. To achieve the study's objective, an exclusive DBQ was designed. Self-reported frequency of instances related to violations, mistakes and lapses were gathered which can collectively be used to study driver's behaviour in different circumstances. A total of 546 samples were collected through an online survey from drivers across India who possessed a valid driving license. Results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed two factor solution (errors and violations) and the same was verified by confirmatory factor analysis. With the help of structural equation modelling, individual risky driving score of each driver was calculated. Based on the calculated scores, drivers were clustered into different risk levels using K-Means clustering technique. Further, ANOVA test revealed that SUV drivers performed riskier behaviour more compared to other types of cars. To compare the relationships among different risk levels with drivers' demographics and driving characteristics, two ordered logit models were developed for SUV and Standard car drivers. The results indicated that drivers' age, crash history, and speeding behaviour were statistically significant predictors of risky driving behaviour. Comparison of risk levels between SUV and Standard cars with respect to different predictor variables presented various interesting findings. These findings would be helpful in understanding the differences among risky driving behaviour performed by drivers of different types of cars and to identify the potential road safety countermeasures. • An exclusive DBQ was designed to gauge driving behaviour. • Risky scores were measured using SEM and then clustered using K-means clustering. • ANOVA test revealed that SUV drivers performed more risky behaviour than cars. • Two ordered logit models were developed for SUV and standard cars. • Age, crash history and speeding were good indicators of risky driving behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Prevalence of any new menstrual disturbance after Covishield vaccine was 20%. • The cycles were mostly affected by less than 7 days, reversing within 1–3 cycles. • Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with menstrual disturbance. • Emotional disturbance and previous dysmenorrhea are associated with menstrual disturbance. The association between covid-19 vaccine and menstrual disturbance is unclear. An in-person cross-sectional survey among female members ≥ 18 years enrolled in an ongoing Zero TB prospective cohort in Northern India who had received one or two doses of covid-19 vaccine was conducted to study the characteristics and association of menstrual disturbance within six months of receiving Covishield. Between June 29 and September 5, 2021, 339 females ≥ 18 years of age were administered the survey. Median age was 30 (IQR: 22–39) years; 84 % were between 18 and 49 and 16 % were ≥ 50 years old. There were 152 college students, 27 healthcare workers, and 160 nuns. Forty-two women (12 %) had received one dose and 297 (88 %) had received two doses of Covishield. Overall, 66 (20 %) women reported experiencing menstrual disturbance after receiving Covishield vaccine. The problems included early menstruation: 6 % (n = 19/339); late menstruation: 4 % (n = 14/339); and heavier bleeding: 5 % (n = 17/339). Disturbances lasted for less than seven days and cycles normalized in 1–3 months. There was no post-menopausal bleeding. There was no significant difference in menstrual disturbance based on receiving one vs. two doses of Covishield (OR: 1.58; 95 % CI: 0.55–4.57; p = 0.381). History of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with the development of menstrual disturbance among the vaccinees (OR: 0.63; 95 % CI: 0.24–1.73; p = 0.379). Presence of emotional disturbance at baseline (OR: 31; 95 % CI: 3.52–267; p = 0.002) or previous history of dysmenorrhea (OR: 41; 95 % CI: 8.7–196; p < 0.001) was associated with menstrual disturbance in the vaccinees, indicating their potential to confound or bias study results. Menstrual problems were reported by Covishield vaccinees, but they were minor and reversible within three months and do not constitute a ground for vaccine hesitancy. Studies designed to assess causal link taking care to avoid selection bias or confounding are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in green manufacturing as a key driver of global carbon-neutral efforts and sustainable development. To find the research hotspots of green manufacturing and reveal future research trends, this study reviewed and analyzed research articles from the Web of Science database on green manufacturing from 1991 to 2022 using a bibliometric method. The findings indicate a significant rise in the number of articles related to green manufacturing since the 2010s. Moreover, there has been an increase in the involvement of scholars from developing countries such as China and India in this field. Based on the literature review and bibliometric cluster analysis on green manufacturing, we believed that future research may continue following the lines of intelligent technology integration, adoption of frontier engineering techniques, and industry development in line with carbon reduction targets. A framework for future green manufacturing development is proposed, with a focus on Chinese policies. The framework could provide policy implications for developing countries looking to pursue opportunities for development in green manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First record of Miocene large-sized vertebrate coprolites from the western India. • Geochemical analyses confirm phosphatic character of ichnofossils. • Biotic inclusions confirm omnivorous diet of the chelonian producer. • Overall data suggest coprolites were deposited in coastal marine settings. In this paper, we provide the first data on large (cm-sized) coprolites (represented by three morphotypes) comprising a rare occurrence of eight specimens from a total of three vertebrate-bearing horizons identified within the Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Khari Nadi Formation and Middle Miocene (Burdigalian-Langhian) Chassra Formation, Kutch Basin, western India. The geochemical data confirm the phosphatic character of the investigated ichnofossils. The dominance of partly digested bone matter and presence of plant remains in all the three coprolite morphotypes reflects the omnivorous diet of the producers, which were most likely chelonians. The occurrence of an inclusion (in a coprolite specimen recorded in this study) showcasing an ultrastructure similar to mammalian dental enamel is a rarity in Neogene coprolite records. Additional biotic inclusions observed in the investigated coprolites include ostracods (assigned to genera Paractinocythereis, Hermanites, and Propontocypris); large planispiral benthic foraminifera including the genus Quinqueloculina ; uniserial and biserial benthic foraminifera belonging to genus Textularia ; marine calcareous algae genus Actinoporella ; chrysophytes (resting spores or cysts of planktonic algae); sponge spicules (represented by the morphotypes Acanthoxea and Strongyle); freshwater diatom genus Aulacoseira ; unidentified fungal remains; and phytoliths. Taken together, the biotic and abiotic (e.g., pyrite) inclusions, geochemical data and associated microbiota suggest that these ichnofossils were deposited in a dominantly coastal marine (intertidal) setting linked to a lacustrine/palustrine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We report a recurrent intronic homozygous c.1023+5G> A desmin mutation in indian patients. • Second report of recessive desminopathy associated with mixed limb girdle CMS – myofibrillar myopathy. • Partial loss of desmin leading to NMJ dysfunction and CMS phenotype. • Leaky splice site with intron retention leads to partial desmin loss. Recessive desminopathies are rare and often present as severe early-onset myopathy. Here we report a milder phenotype in three unrelated patients from southern India (2 M, 1F) aged 16, 21, and 22 years, who presented with childhood-onset, gradually progressive, fatigable limb-girdle weakness, ptosis, speech and swallowing difficulties, without cardiac involvement. Serum creatine kinase was elevated, and repetitive nerve stimulation showed decrement in all. Clinical improvement was noted with pyridostigmine and salbutamol in two patients. All three patients had a homozygous substitution in intron 5: DES(NM_001927.4):c.1023+5G> A , predicted to cause a donor splice site defect. Muscle biopsy with ultrastructural analysis suggested myopathy with myofibrillar disarray, and immunohistochemistry showed partial loss of desmin with some residual staining, while western blot analysis showed reduced desmin. RT-PCR of patient muscle RNA revealed two transcripts: a reduced normal desmin transcript and a larger abnormal transcript suggesting leaky splicing at the intron 5 donor site. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed the inclusion of intron 5 in the longer transcript, predicted to cause a premature stop codon. Thus, we provide evidence for a leaky splice site causing partial loss of desmin associated with a unique phenotypic presentation of a milder form of desmin-related recessive myopathy overlapping with congenital myasthenic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Genetic variability among sweet potato & wild Ipomoea species studied using SSR markers. • High genetic variability between diploid wild species and hexaploid sweet potato. • More variability available among the wild Ipomoea species for many characters. • Identified Ipomoea spp can be utilized for weevil & virus resistance breeding. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the major tuber crops in Asian countries, including India, yet the interrelationship and genetic variability among the cultivar and its crop wild relatives remain obscure. The wild relatives of sweet potato represent a vital source of untapped genetic diversity in the breeding programs. In this study, a set of 12 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers were utilized to understand the extent of genetic diversity and relationship within and between 20 sweet potato accessions, 23 wild Ipomoea species and two Merremia species for utilization in breeding programmes. The SSR primers produced 84 polymorphic alleles within the range of 105–393 bp, collectively showing an average polymorphism of 94.5 %. The average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value of 0.67 showed that all the primers were polymorphic in nature. Similarity coefficient based dendrogram and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) scatter plot clearly differentiated all the cultivars and wild species. The cluster dendrogram analysis revealed the close relationship of cultivars with I. triloba and I. trifida at a similarity index of 0.75. Our analysis showed a high degree of genetic variability within and between hexaploid sweet potato and diploid wild species, whereas lower within the cultivars, which shows that there is a high level of genetic diversity exists within the Ipomoea species for its utilization in breeding programs. Thus, the two wild species, I. trifida and I. triloba could be used in hybridization for improvement of sweet potato through ploidy manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue is highly prevalent in Asia and Latin America and has no specific dengue antiviral treatment. A recombinant monoclonal antibody (VIS513) that neutralises all four serotypes of the dengue virus has been developed in India. After confirmation of safety and efficacy in preclinical studies, it was tested in a first-in-human study to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics. This was a partially blind (observer-blind), randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1, single ascending dose study in Australia. Participants were dengue naive, healthy adults (aged 18–45 years) with no clinically significant disorders or immunosuppressive conditions. Four dose levels of dengue monoclonal antibody (ie, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg, and 12 mg/kg; n=4 for 1 mg/kg and n=10 each for 3 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg, and 12 mg/kg doses) were assessed in a dose-ascending way with a placebo control (n=2 for each dose cohort, total n=6) for each cohort except for 1 mg/kg. Within each cohort, participants were first randomly assigned (1:1) in a sentinel sub-cohort and then randomly assigned (9:1) in an expansion sub-cohort to dengue monoclonal antibody or placebo except for the 1 mg/kg cohort. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked and treatment administrators were not masked. 40 participants received a single intravenous injection or infusion of either dengue monoclonal antibody or placebo over a period of 3 min to 2 h and were followed up until day 85. The primary outcomes were proportion of participants with adverse events and serious adverse events (SAEs) up to 84 days after dosing whereas the secondary outcomes were to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of dengue monoclonal antibody and to assess the presence of anti-drug antibody (ADA) to dengue monoclonal antibody. All participants were included in the safety analysis and the pharmacokinetic population involved participants receiving dengue monoclonal antibody. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03883620. Between March 22 and Dec 23, 2019, 40 healthy adults were randomly assigned and all completed the study. There were no SAEs reported. None of the placebo recipients (n=6) reported any adverse events. 31 (91%) of 34 participants receiving dengue monoclonal antibody reported 143 adverse events (1 mg/kg: four [100%] of four participants; 3 mg/kg: ten [100%] of ten participants; 7 mg/kg: seven [70%] of ten participants; 12 mg/kg: ten [100%] of ten participants). Of these 143 adverse events, 80 were treatment-related adverse events in 28 (82%) of 34 participants. Headache (16 [47%] of 34), infusion reaction (11 [32%] of 34), lymphopenia (seven [21%] of 34), fatigue (five [15%] of 34), and pyrexia (four [12%] of 34) were the most common reactions. Infusion reactions were reduced in the 7 mg/kg (two [20%] of ten participants) and 12 mg/kg (three [30%] of ten) cohorts with paracetamol premedication compared with the 3 mg/kg cohort (five [50%] of ten). The majority of adverse events were grade 1 or grade 2 in severity, and resolved completely. Median maximum serum concentrations ranged from 28 μg/mL (1 mg/kg) to 525 μg/mL (12 mg/kg). The median elimination half-life ranged from 775 h (1 mg/kg) to 878 h (12 mg/kg). No ADA against dengue monoclonal antibody was detected. Dengue monoclonal antibody was safe and well tolerated. It showed a dose-proportionate increase in pharmacokinetic exposure. These data support further evaluation of dengue monoclonal antibody in patients with dengue for safety and efficacy. Serum Institute of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional coverage satellite constellations are in demand for fulfilling earth observation needs of specific user regions of interest as opposed to global coverage thus enhancing the revisit period for the area. In this paper, we present a few key mission aspects of the regional coverage constellation designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in low earth orbit. ISRO developed three X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth Observation satellites and placed them in three inclined orbit planes to enhance the Indian region's coverage. This is India's first inclined orbit constellation designed for remote sensing applications in low earth orbit. The satellites were built around a standard bus carrying a Synthetic Aperture Radar payload with a deployable Radial Rib Antenna (RRA). They were designed to achieve a high agility capability. As SAR sensors are capable of all-weather, day, and night imaging; thus, most suitable in inclined orbits where the illumination conditions vary continuously for imaging. Though the inclined orbits provide more revisit opportunities to the region of interest, their characteristics pose challenges in mission design and operations. Though the mission design and planning involved a host of elements, this paper brings out the details of a few key mission analysis elements, planning aspects and operations that were critical in the course of various mission phases. The mission analysis included mission-specific requirements like launch windows selection for the constellation and reference attitude generation specific to inclined orbit geometry. Mission planning had to take care of Radial Rib Antenna (RRA) deployment requirements which were very critical for the mission, apart from taking care of individual subsystem requirements. The SAR payload data product quality and targeting accuracy are very sensitive to the satellite image point range (vis-a-vis SAR operation data window). Extensive post-launch calibration activity was carried out to meet all these mission requirements and data product specifications. The challenge was in fixing the payload beam alignment and fixing the uncertainties in onboard and ground computations. The paper also describes the methods of fixing all possible error sources affecting the high-resolution SAR payload performance. • The regional coverage satellite constellations are in demand for area targets coverage. • Inclined orbit constellations are more suitable for regional coverage using SAR sensors. • Mission operations plans need to consider all the specific requirements of spacecraft systems. • Pre-launch and post -launch calibrations of sensors is mandatory for achieving system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary and High School students are usually adolescents, most of them in the urban areas and metropolitan cities are aware about the existence, various opportunities, career paths and advancements of the space industry. They are constantly updated, given they have access to quality and organized education models and a competitive environment. Although, the students in the rural areas who are equally ambitious and talented yet are not fortunate enough to have access to the state of art facilities like the counterparts. Even if they try and gain access with their self-interest, they do not have the motivation to sustain the passion, given their lack of clarity in subject, lack of awareness about engaging in various ways and fields in space other than technological related and mainly lack of driving force. The purpose of this paper is to develop and present an education model, exclusively for the high school students of the rural areas and inculcate sustainable passion for space. As opposed to the primary school students, the secondary school students have a consciousness of the space industry. This paper will talk about various plans and strategies, that will allow them to gain exposure, guide them about the existence of different career paths which are not entirely technological related, yet are still essential in the space like, administrative framework for example. This opens a new dimension in their brain helping them realize how they can be part of the industry in countless ways, and this shall assist them in being on the right track to space. In addition to, hosting creative space themed exhibitions, fun and engaging model design competitions, workshops, all of these would widen their knowledge boundaries and help them challenge their skills. A real time case study example from a school located in the rural southern of India shall be focused on this paper. Including data from a survey thereby the results, with action plans shall be presented in detail, which will aid in the analysis of the need, feasibility, and long-term sustenance of this approach and the requirement to scale it over different rural areas globally. • Need for improvised education models in rural areas elucidated, with data collection. • Data analysis and correlation of space education awareness, for high school students across two geographical locations. • Readily executable action plans age groupwise, for real-time education models in remote areas globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How serious is indoor air pollution (IAP) as a threat to infants and children? This paper estimates the impact of cooking fuel choice – a predominant source of IAP – on under-five mortality in India, where reliance on biomass fuels such as firewood, animal dung, and agricultural waste is pervasive. Leveraging forest cover and agricultural land ownership for identification and nationally representative data, we find that solid fuel use for cooking significantly increases the child mortality rate - mainly driven by neonatal mortality in the first 28 days after birth. The mortality effect is higher for girls than boys and is magnified in relatively small households where there is limited scope for the division of labor between childcare and cooking responsibilities. Among polluting fuels, we find that biomass fuels drive the impact of polluting fuel use on child mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a large administrative dataset of schools in India, we examine the impact of increasing female representation in school management on school performance and children's learning outcomes. Exploiting an education legislation that mandated female representation in school governing committees, we show that participation of females in these committees results in improvement in number of teachers, qualification of teachers and student enrollment. Besides, we provide evidence of positive impact on learning outcomes of children, particularly for girls. We conduct an array of robustness checks to ensure that confounding factors like initial school characteristics, pre-trends are not driving the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A decision-making framework to manage occupational risks in petroleum industries. • A novel measure of risk by integrating both objective and subjective measures. • NLP is used on unstructured accident reports to derive the objective weights. • An optimization-based group decision making framework is proposed. • 5 critical clusters of risk factors along with 32 risk sub-factors are extracted. Introduction: Workplace accidents in the petroleum industry can cause catastrophic damage to people, property, and the environment. Earlier studies in this domain indicate that the majority of the accident report information is available in unstructured text format. Conventional techniques for the analysis of accident data are time-consuming and heavily dependent on experts' subject knowledge, experience, and judgment. There is a need to develop a machine learning-based decision support system to analyze the vast amounts of unstructured text data that are frequently overlooked due to a lack of appropriate methodology. Method: To address this gap in the literature, we propose a hybrid methodology that uses improved text-mining techniques combined with an un-bias group decision-making framework to combine the output of objective weights (based on text mining) and subjective weights (based on expert opinion) of risk factors to prioritize them. Based on the contextual word embedding models and term frequencies, we extracted five important clusters of risk factors comprising more than 32 risk sub-factors. A heterogeneous group of experts and employees in the petroleum industry were contacted to obtain their opinions on the extracted risk factors, and the best-worst method was used to convert their opinions to weights. Conclusions and Practical Applications: The applicability of our proposed framework was tested on the data compiled from the accident data released by the petroleum industries in India. Our framework can be extended to accident data from any industry, to reduce analysis time and improve the accuracy in classifying and prioritizing risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of DNA repair enzymes in maintaining genomic integrity is highlighted by the hypothesis that DNA damage by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species produced inside the host cell is essential for the mutagenesis process. Endonuclease III (Nth), formamidopyrimide (Fpg) and endonuclease VIII (Nei) DNA glycosylases are essential components of the bacterial base excision repair process. Mycobacterium leprae lost both fpg/nei genes during the reductive evolution event and only has the nth (ML2301) gene. This study aims to characterize the mutations in the nth gene of M. leprae strains and explore its correlation with drug-resistance. A total of 91 M. leprae positive DNA samples extracted from skin biopsy samples of newly diagnosed leprosy patients from NSCB Hospital Jabalpur were assessed for the nth gene as well as drug resistance-associated loci of the rpoB, gyrA and folP1 genes through PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Of these 91 patients, a total of two insertion frameshift mutations, two synonymous and seven nonsynonymous mutations were found in nth in seven samples. Sixteen samples were found to be resistant to ofloxacin and one was found to be dapsone resistant as per the known DRDR mutations. No mutations were found in the rpoB region. Interestingly, none of the nth mutations were identified in the drug-resistant associated samples. The in-silico structural analysis of the non-synonymous mutations in the Nth predicted five of them were to be deleterious. Our results suggest that the mutations in the nth gene may be potential markers for phylogenetic and epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of political connections in facilitating access to credit for firms in the Indian corporate sector. This study aims to address gaps in the literature by combining theoretical insights with empirical data. Our model proposes that political connections may reduce risk for firms, thereby enhancing their access to credit. Utilizing a unique dataset of S&P BSE 500 companies from 2001 to 2019, we analyze the extent of these connections and their impact on financial leverage and debt-to-asset ratios. Our findings reveal that politically connected firms, defined by their monetary donations to political parties and the inclusion of Members of Parliament on their boards, exhibit significantly higher financial leverage and debt-to-asset ratios than unconnected firms. This implies a lower perceived borrower's risk and an advantageous position in accessing credit, likely a result of their political ties. The implications of our findings extend to the realms of corporate governance, economic policy, and the broader understanding of emerging market dynamics. • Political connections, as part of non-market strategies of firms, may be crucial in accessing credit. • Our theoretical framework highlights role of risk and donation to political party by a firm in accessing credit. • This study constructs a novel dataset of political connections of Indian companies. • Political connections lead to more favorable borrowing-related outcomes of companies such as, financial leverage and debt-assets ratio. • Political connections specific to a particular political party tend to serve companies more (in terms of the aforementioned outcomes), when that particular party is in power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In this work, we suggested a computerized decision-making process for deciding on the best birthing style. • A deep neural network model (DNN) was developed by using train set with h2o package. The model was selected on the basis of AUC (Area Under the Curve) & KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) score. The AUC, KS score for train set were 0.99, 0.98 respectively. • The prediction error rates for caeseraen & vaginal classes in train data are 0.02 & 0.00 respectively. • The results support the use of these algorithms in the creation of a clinical decision system to help gynecologists choose the most appropriate delivery method. One of the factors that worry obstetricians the most is the method of delivery. In recent years, the rate of caesarean sections has steadily climbed and now exceeds the threshold advised by medical organizations. Obstetricians typically lack the tools they need to assess whether vaginal delivery or a caesarean delivery is more appropriate. In this work, we suggested a computerized decision-making process for deciding on the best birthing style. The data was collected from 101 pregnant subjects who were admitted to hospital in eastern India for delivery from January 2021 to September 2021.The data set had 101 instances & 11 variables. The response was a binary variable with "caesarean" & "vaginal" as the outputs. A deep neural network model (DNN) was developed by using train set with h2o package. The model was selected on the basis of AUC (Area under the Curve) & KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) score. The AUC, KS score for train set were 0.99, 0.98 respectively. The prediction error rates for caeseraen & vaginal classes in train data are 0.02 & 0.00 respectively. The results support the use of these algorithms in the creation of a clinical decision system to help gynaecologists choose the most appropriate delivery method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcomas (SNTCS) are rare sinonasal malignancies, the incidence of which is less than 1% of all tumors. There is limited data available on SNTCS's, often as case reports and small case series. The management of SNTCS is complicated because of its location, locally aggressive biology, difficulty in achieving complete resection, and limited data on chemotherapy in these malignancies. This audit was performed to understand the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in SNTCS's, its ability to downstage the disease, achieve complete resection, and impact on long-term survival outcomes. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The baseline characteristics, the extent of tumor, Kadish stage, NACT regimen, and adverse events were extracted from the Electronic Medical Records and the patient's case file. Patients with baseline extensive/inoperable disease were referred for NACT from the multidisciplinary joint clinic followed by response assessment (RECIST v1.1). Patients underwent skull-base surgery if respectable post-completion of NACT, however, if deemed unresectable were treated with non-surgical modalities or palliative therapies. The data of 27 patients were evaluated from the year 2015–2022. The median age was 42 years (IQR:30–56) and 85.2% (n = 23) were males. The ECOG-PS was 0–1 in 88.8% (n = 24) patients. All 27 patients received NACT in view of extensive disease at presentation. 74.1% (n = 20) patients received Cisplatin-Etoposide and 25.9% (n = 7) received other chemotherapy regimens. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 2(IQR:2–3). 96.3% patients (n = 26) completed the planned NACT cycles. 70.4% (n = 19) patients achieved a partial response in post-NACT imaging. 77.8% (n = 18) underwent surgery, 18.5% (n = 5) received CTRT, and 7.4% (n = 2) received definitive-RT alone. The median PFS and OS of the cohort was 19months (95%CI:12.0–25.6) and 23months (95%CI:5.94–40.06) respectively. NACT is safe, feasible, and effective with significant response rates, leading to effective downstaging, resectability and improved survival in patients with locally advanced SNTCS's. • Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcomas (SNTCS) are rare sinonasal malignancies, the incidence of which is approximately less-than 1% of all tumors. This audit was performed to understand the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in SNTCS's, its ability to downstage the disease, achieve complete resection, and impact on long-term survival outcomes. • The median PFS and OS of the cohort was 19 months (95%CI:12.0–25.6) and 23 months (95%CI:5.94–40.06), respectively. • NACT is safe, feasible, and effective with significant response rates, leading to effective downstaging, resectability, and improved survival in patients with locally advanced SNTCS's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposed a Hybrid Model for Paddy Crop prediction based on phenological parameters. • CNN-LSTM attained RMSE value of 0.219 t/ha compared to other existing methods. • Random Forest method achieved highest accuracy of 96.6% in paddy classification. Rice is one of the predominant food sources to fulfill the dietary requirements of well-being in India. Therefore, accurate and timely paddy crop yield prediction is crucial to ensure the food security of the country. In this direction, the present study proposed a hybrid deep-learning method based on Conv-1D and LSTM layers using the classification-derived phenological with meteorological parameters for paddy crop yield prediction. The paddy crop classification has been conducted using high-resolution (10 m) multispectral imagery based on GPS coordinates collected during the paddy field visits to extract the phenological parameters for input to the prediction model. In this context, the efficiency of Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, SVM, and Gradient Tree boost classifiers was assessed. Furthermore, we have also analyzed the accuracy of Landsat-8, Sentinel-1 GRD, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in paddy crop classification based on area estimation. The Statistical Abstract of Haryana was utilized to validate the paddy crop area estimation and yield prediction. The classification outcomes showed that the Random Forest method attained the highest accuracy of 96.6 % compared to other GEE-based classifiers. The proposed Hybrid Deep learning approach achieved an RMSE value of 0.219 t/ha compared to CNN, LSTM, CNN-Bi-LSTM, and Regression techniques for crop yield prediction. The study conclusion highlighted that the sentinel-2 satellite imagery performed well and found that the proposed hybrid approach provided an alternative for paddy crop yield prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vertical column density and column averaged dry air concentrations of GHGs were retrieved from FTIR using GFIT model. • Seasonal and interannual variations of GHGs were studied. • FTIR retrieved X CO 2 and X CO data were compared with satellite data. Solar absorption spectra collected using a ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer were used to retrieve the column-averaged concentrations (X) of CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, and N 2 O during the years 2016–2019 in the Suburban region of Shadnagar, Telangana, India. For the research period, the diurnal mean amplitudes of X CO 2 , X CH 4 , X CO, and X N 2 O are ∼ 13 ppmv, ∼50 ppbv, ∼13 ppbv, and ∼ 19 ppbv respectively. Strong seasonality at the study site is indicated by the seasonal variations of X CO 2 and X CO of 18.3 ppmv and 39.2 ppbv, respectively. Additionally, we compared FTIR data to X CO 2 detected by Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and CO columns from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT). For the X CO 2 and CO columns, the comparison research shows a mean relative bias between FTIR data and satellite data of 0.92 % and 0.71 %, respectively. The FTIR and satellite data show a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.71 (X CO 2 , N = 26 co-located) and 0.60 (CO columns, N = 44), respectively. The findings demonstrate a good agreement between our data and satellite data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduced the number of cases of pneumococcal disease (PD). However, there is an increase in clinical and economic burden of PD from serotypes that are not part of the existing pneumococcal vaccines, particularly impacting pediatric and elder population. In addition, the regions where the PCV is not available, the disease burden remains high. In this study, immunogenicity and safety of the BE's 14-valent PCV (PNEUBEVAX 14™; BE-PCV-14) containing two additional epidemiologically important serotypes (22F and 33F) was evaluated in infants in comparison to licensed vaccine, Prevenar-13 (PCV-13). This is a pivotal phase-3 single blind randomized active-controlled study conducted at 12 sites across India in 6–8 weeks old healthy infants at 6–10–14 weeks dosing schedule to assess immunogenic non-inferiority and safety of a candidate BE-PCV-14. In total, 1290 infants were equally randomized to receive either BE-PCV-14 or PCV-13. Solicited local reactions and systemic events, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and medically attended AEs (MAAEs) were recorded. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring anti-PnCPS (anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide) IgG concentration and functional antibody titers through opsonophagocytic activity (OPA), one month after completing three dose schedule. Cross protection to serotype 6A offered by serotype 6B was also assessed in this study. The safety profile of BE-PCV-14 was comparable to PCV-13 vaccine. Majority of reported AEs were mild in nature. No severe or serious AEs were reported in both the treatment groups. For the twelve common serotypes and for the additional serotypes (22F and 33F) in BE-PCV-14, NI criteria was demonstrated as defined by WHO TRS-977. Primary immunogenicity endpoint was met in terms of IgG immune responses for all 14 serotypesof BE-PCV-14. Moreover, a significant proportion of subjects (69%) seroconverted against serotype 6A, even though this antigen was not present in BE-PCV-14. This indicates that serotype 6B of BE-PCV-14 cross protects serotype 6A. BE-PCV-14 also elicited comparable serotype specific functional OPA immune responses to all the serotypes common to PCV-13. BE-PCV-14 was found to be safe and induced robust and functional serotype specific immune responses to all 14 serotypes. It also elicited cross protective immune response against serotype 6B.These findings suggest that BE-PCV-14 can be safely administered to infants and achieve protection against pneumococcal disease caused by serotypes covered in the vaccine. The study was prospectively registered with clinical trial registry of India – CTRI/2020/02/023129. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have witnessed a rapidly growing interest in CVJ bony abnormalities, and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of relevant literatures is necessary. This study aims to identify and summarize the published articles related to craniovertebral junction bony abnormalities, to analyze and visualize the current research trends and major contributors. We collected data from Web of Science, excluding certain article types. Two researchers screened articles for relevance. Data were organized with EndnoteX9, and analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace for co-authorship, co-occurrence, keyword burst, and co-citation analyses to identify research trends and collaborations. A total of 2,776 articles were included, revealing an increasing trend in annual publications of CVJ bony abnormalities. The USA was the leading country. King Edward Memorial Hospital was the most prolific institution, and Seth GS Medical College had the most citations. The Spine is the most popular journal with the highest number of publications and citations. Professor Goel Atul from India emerged as the most influential pioneer in this field. Keyword analysis highlighted surgical techniques, diagnosis, and anatomy as the primary research hotspots and Fixation, Placement, and Basilar invagination gradually become the new research trend. However, there is a relative weakness in basic research and epidemiology. This study provides valuable insights into the current research trends and critical contributors in CVJ bony abnormalities, guiding evidence-based decisions and fostering international collaborations to advance knowledge in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report our early clinical experience with image-guided, pencil beam scanning proton beam therapy (PBS-PBT) for residual and recurrent craniopharyngioma. Between September 2019 and January 2023, 19 consecutive patients with residual or recurrent craniopharyngioma, suitable for radiotherapy and treated with image-guided PBS-PBT were analyzed. We documented detailed dosimetric data, acute toxicities, early outcomes, and imaging response on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans. A total of 19 patients (11 males and 8 females) with residual or recurrent craniopharyngioma were treated during the study period. The median age of the cohort was 14 years (range, 3–33 years). The histology of most lesions was the adamantinomatous subtype (95%). The most common clinical presentation (before PBT) and most common endocrine deficit was visual disturbance (79%) and hypocortisolism (74%), respectively. Of the 19 patients, 13 had recurrent craniopharyngioma, and 5 had undergone radiotherapy previously. Five patients (26%) had undergone surgery ≥3 times before proton therapy. The median dose delivered was 54 GyE. The most common acute toxicity was grade 1 alopecia (63%). No patient experienced grade ≥3 acute toxicity. With a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 3–40 months), 12 patients showed shrinkage of the residual tumor and/or cyst, and 4 showed a dramatic cyst reduction at 3–9 months of follow-up. Two patients experienced a reduction in both solid and cystic components, with the remaining experiencing a reduction in the cystic component only. The remaining 8 patients had stable disease on magnetic resonance imaging, with 100% disease control and overall survival. Visual function remained stable after treatment. Our preliminary experience with modern PBS-PBT and image guidance for craniopharyngioma is encouraging. Proton therapy in our cohort was well tolerated, resulting in limited toxicity and promising early outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageratum conyzoides L., recognized globally as a noxious weed, holds significant value in traditional medicine, particularly in treating cuts, wounds, and tick infestations. This study focuses on identifying specific germplasms of this plant, rich in therapeutically valuable metabolites, across various phytogeographical zones in India. Using the Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection (RP-HPLC-PDA) method, we analyzed 110 samples to quantify five key bioactive markers: Precocene-I (PRC-I), Coumarin (CM), Caryophyllene (CAR), Caryophyllene Oxide (CAO), and Humulene (HUM). Our findings revealed distinct geographical variations in these compounds. The highest concentrations of PRC-I (7.86±1.36 %) was found in sample NAC-12, CM (1.50±0.46 %) and HUM (0.0099±0.0004 %) in NAC-104, while CAR (6.33±0.87 %) and CAO (6.23±0.18 %) were predominant in NAC-01 and NAC-02, respectively. Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) was used to predict the climatic suitability of regions for high yield of these metabolites. The ENM results showed that annual precipitation (Bio 12), precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio 19) and minimum temperature of coldest month (Bio 6) were the principal climatic factors influencing metabolite content. Geographically, the Indo-Gangetic plain, Indus plain, and Central India were identified as suitable for higher content of PRC-I, CAO, CAR, whereas the North Eastern region favoured high content of CM and HUM. This study underscores the importance of bioactive marker-based assessment in understanding chemotypic diversity and demonstrates the effective use of ENM in predicting optimal habitats for harvesting specific chemotypes. These insights pave the way for location-specific cultivation strategies and targeted procurement of metabolite-rich germplasms, contributing to sustainable sourcing and conservation efforts, as well as to the advancement of herbal product standardization and efficacy. [Display omitted] • Five bioactive markers were quantified in 110 Ageratum conyzoides samples. • Precocene I was in maximum concentration followed by caryophyllene. • Central India region was favorable for precocene and caryophyllenes. • North Eastern region of India favoured high content of coumarin and humulene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lens culinaris , commonly known as lentils, has undergone extensive research to uncover its multifaceted nature, delve into its rich traditional applications, and explore its modern therapeutic potential. This leguminous plant holds a central role in global culinary traditions, revered for its exceptional versatility as a nourishing ingredient. Recent scientific investigations have unveiled the latent medicinal properties of lentils, primarily through the meticulous isolation and identification of bioactive compounds. Noteworthy examples of these bioactive constituents include arbutin, β-sitosterol, uridine, trigonelline, and kaempferol, each capturing researchers' attention due to their remarkable health-enhancing attributes. These compounds exhibit a wide spectrum of benefits, ranging from potent antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory properties to cholesterol-lowering capabilities and even potential anti-cancer properties. This article offers a comprehensive overview of Lens culinaris, spanning its global geographical distribution. It not only underscores the enduring significance of lentils in traditional culinary practices but also highlights their contemporary therapeutic potential. Furthermore, it delves into the chemical identities and structures of these bioactive compounds, shedding light on their pivotal role in promoting health and well-being. [Display omitted] • Lentil, a nutrient-rich legume is widely cultivated in Canada and India. • Traditionally used in gut, skin, blood diseases, also in snake bites and blister. • Significant anticancer, anti-obesity, and cardioprotective attributes are observed. • Isolated active constituents include arbutin, kaempferol, uridine, and β-sitosterol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Efficiency of SCoT markers in assessing genetic variation among turmeric cultivars confirmed. • An optimal, simple, rapid and stable SCoT-PCR protocol developed. • Effective tool for analysis and management of turmeric genetic resources. Curcuma longa L. (Family- Zingiberaceae), commonly called turmeric, is one of the most important commercial spices. Being a center of turmeric's diversity, India boasts of more than fifty cultivars with variable agronomic characters and curcumin content. However, the quest for calibrating their genetic variability remains debatable as popular molecular marker-based studies have yielded inconsistent results. A promising PCR-based approach, known as the Start Codon Targeted (SCoT)-PCR system has been established to be more efficient than random DNA marker systems because this technique can generate more information on genetic polymorphism patterns. Hence, the present study proposes to use Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers to assess inter-cultivar genetic diversity of turmeric. We report an orthogonal L 16 (45) design-based approach to investigate the influence of five crucial factors (dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase, primer, template DNA and annealing temperature of primer) on the efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for development of an optimized Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) amplification protocol using twenty-seven different cultivars of C. longa. The optimized PCR protocol yields best results with a 20 uL reaction mixture, containing 10×PCR Buffer (with 15 mM MgCl 2), 2.5 mM dNTPs, 10 mM SCoT primer, Taq polymerase (2 U), template DNA (50 ng), which was verified by using twenty-five SCoT primers. This standardized rapid protocol of SCoT-PCR reported here was employed to examine genetic diversity among twenty-seven Indian cultivars of turmeric, revealing high range of polymorphism ranging from 81.25 % to 100 %. Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the SCoT marker data segregated the twenty-seven cultivars into two main clusters. The first cluster comprised of nine cultivars (36 % of the cultivars) which was further divided into three sub-clusters and the second one consisted of eighteen cultivars (64 %) which further divided into four sub-clusters. From the results of this study, it can be inferred that the employment of SCoT markers can be an effective tool for analysing genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships and develop a rich genetic resource management system for C. longa cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]