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Text summarization in medical domain is one of the most crucial chores as it deals with the critical human information. Consequently the proper summarization and key point extraction from medical deeds using pre-trained Language models is now the key figure to be focused on for the researchers. But due to the considerable amount of real-world data and enormous amount of memory requirement to train the Large Language Models (LLMs), research on these models become challenging. To overcome these challenges multiple prompting and tuning techniques are being used. In this paper, effectiveness of prompt engineering and parameter efficient fine tuning is being studied to summarize the Hospital Discharge Summary (HDS) papers effectively, so that these models can accurately interprete medical terminologies and contexts, generate brief but compact summaries, and draw out concentrated themes, which opens new approaches for the application of LLMs in healthcare and making HDS more patient-friendly. In this research LLaMA 2 (Large Language Model Meta AI) has been considered as the base model. Also, the model has been fine-tuned using QLoRA (Quantized Low Rank Adapters), which can bring down the memory usage of LLMs without compromising the data quality. This study explores the way to use LLMs on HDS datasets without the hassle of memory usage using QLoRA, into electronic health record systems to further streamline the handling and retrieval of healthcare information. • Presents a method to summarize HDS by parameter-efficient fine-tuning to a LLM. • It utilizes QLoRA fine-tuning on the LLAMA 2 to minimize the memory requirements. • A comparative analysis of prompt engineering and parameter-efficient fine-tuning is performed. • The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated using BLEU and ROGUE-L scores. • Medical professionals have conducted a quality assessment of the summarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study considers 49,881 papers published between 2011 and 2020 in three prestigious journals: Nature, Science , and PNAS. • We compare three handling time indicators (EHT, PHT, and THT) of papers published in these three journals. • This analysis finds significant negative associations between all handling time indicators and both impact and attention, except for a non-significant correlation between PHT and attention. • Heterogeneity analyses indicate that these relationships are affected by the journal, subject, and affiliation. The time required for peer review is a crucial factor for researchers when deciding where to submit their manuscripts, as it is also considered an important predictor of paper impact. This paper analyses the handling time of academic papers at the individual paper level, focusing on three key indicators: editorial handling time, processing handling time, and total handling time. Unlike previous studies that primarily examined the simple correlation between handling time and academic impact of academic papers, this paper uses a negative binomial regression model to analyse the data while controlling for various factors related to total citations. Further, we explore the relationship between handling time and social attention. The dataset used in this study comprises 49,881 papers classified as 'articles' and published between 2011 and 2020 in three prestigious journals: Nature, Science , and PNAS. Our main findings reveal significant negative associations between the three measures of handling time and both impact and attention, except that processing handling time and attention have a significant positive relationship. Additionally, heterogeneity analyses indicate that these relationships are affected by the journal, subject, and affiliation. This empirical analysis of handling time's effect on academic impact and social attention expands upon the insights gained from previous research and may stimulate changes in some journal editorial policies to accelerate publishing speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A framework combining machine learning models and SHAP to interpret how peer review improves the research impact. • The importance of key linguistic, sentiment, and peer review features from peer review reports in determining the scientific significance of papers. • Valuable insights for authors to improve the quality of work and increase academic influence by paying closer attention to peer review characteristics. • Textual features of peer review reports play an important role in predicting post-publication scientific impact. Peer review is crucial in improving the quality and reliability of scientific research. However, the mechanisms through which peer review practices ensure papers become top-cited papers (TCPs) after publication are not well understood. In this study, by collecting a data set containing 13, 066 papers published between 2016 and 2020 from Nature communications with open peer review reports, we aim to examine how textual features embedded within the peer review reports of papers that reflect the reviewers' emotions may predict the papers to be TCPs. We compiled a list of 15 textual features and classified them into three categories: peer review features, linguistic features, and sentiment features. We then chose the XGBoost machine learning model with the best performance in predicting TCPs, and utilized the explainable artificial intelligence techniques SHAP to interpret the role of feature importance on the prediction results. The distribution of feature importance ranking results demonstrates that sentiment features play a crucial role in determining papers' potential to be highly cited. This conclusion still holds, even when the ranking of the feature importance changes in the subgroup analysis of dividing the samples into four disciplines (biological sciences, health sciences, physical sciences, and earth and environmental sciences), as well as two groups based on whether reviewers' identities were revealed. This research emphasizes the textual features retrieved from peer review reports that play role in improving manuscript quality can predict the post-publication research impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labeled data are fed to learning models of classification tasks to help them learn to classify unlabeled data. Massive papers are hinged by citations to a few influential papers, much smaller than the total size, which, if labeled, would cause the spread of label information to the most of the papers. We utilized the co-reference relationship between papers since the references cited by a paper dataset usually cannot be contained by the dataset. We stated the problem of optimal paper labeling as the problem of picking a given fraction of nodes from a co-reference network to maximize the number of their neighbors, which is a submodular maximization problem with a cardinality constraint, NP-hard for general networks. We approximately solved it by picking nodes according to the ranks of specific network centralities. We further proved that labeling papers according to the rank of degree, the lowest-complexity centrality, can give a near-optimal solution with specific constraints on the maximum degree of co-reference network and labeling proportion. Experimental results show that our method brings a significant improvement in the accuracy of classification. • A model-agnostic optimization objective is proposed to improve paper classification accuracy. • The optimization objective is maximizing a paper set's neighborhood in a co-reference network. • Labeling high-centrality nodes is a labor-saving and approximative way to the maximizing problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel combination of aptasensing platform and speckle pattern analysis was introduced. • PDA@CNTs mussel chemistry was used to immobilize aptamer on cellulose paper matrix. • A label free aptasensor was designed for detection of breast cancer biomarker mucin 1. • Aptasensor was characterized with very good analytical figure of merits. Herein, we have developed a cellulose paper-based aptasensing protocol by employing dynamic laser speckle (DLS) analysis for direct and label-free probing of the binding interface. Cellulose filter paper surface was modified by using the mussel adhesion chemistry of polydopamine modified carbon nanotubes (PDA@CNTS). The mussel chemistry resulted in strong adhesion and binding of PDA@CNTs on cellulose paper surface. The modified surface was subsequently employed in the construction of label free aptasensor for detection of cancer biomarker mucin 1 (MUC1). Taking advantage of DLS technique, it provided us with sensitive and accurate analysis of target biomarker MUC1 by the intrinsic randomness of patterns generated from cellulose based paper surface. The developed aptasensor was evaluated using DLS at various fabrication steps, where the scattered laser beams from these samples were collected and analyzed based on the obtained speckle patterns. Under the optimal experimental conditions, paper-based aptasensor achieved sensitive and selective detection of MUC1, exhibiting excellent linear range (15–100) µM with a limit of detection of 1 µM. This work presents a novel study of promising laser speckle paper-based aptasensor, providing new insights for the development of low-cost, sensitive, and portable paper-based analytical tools for biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various valuable illuminated paper manuscripts in museums and libraries suffer from fungal deterioration. The treatment and protection of illuminated paper manuscripts from fungal damage is an important process. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate different fungicides against fungi isolated from historical illuminated paper manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period (1250–1516 AD). Fungi isolated from infected historical illuminated paper manuscripts were identified and their cellulolytic enzyme activity was performed. The identified fungi were A. fumigatus , A. niger , A. flavus , Alternaria alternate , and Trichoderma sp. Isolate (4-1), identified as Aspergillus flavus, possessed the highest cellulase activity. This isolate was tested against the following fungicides: azoxystrobin, boscalid, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, and thiophanate-methyl at concentrations from 1 to 200 ppm, nanoparticles of TiO 2 and SiO 2 at concentrations of 0.5%, and 1% and mixtures of fungicides [difenoconazole + propiconazole (1:1)] at 100 and 200 ppm and [boscalid + pyraclostrobin (2:1)] at 150 and 300 ppm. The disc diffusion method (DDM) was used to evaluate the efficiency of the prepared individual and mixed fungicides against Aspergillus flavus (4-1) isolate. The results of this study revealed that treatments with individual difenoconazole at 200 ppm exhibited the best antifungal activity, followed by the propiconazole fungicide. Further research is needed to evaluate the in vitro practical application of these fungicides with infected illuminated paper samples with Aspergillus flavus agents in the field. [Display omitted] • Illuminated manuscript components and improper conditions promote fungal growth. • Aspergillus flavus gave the highest cellulase activity among the fungi isolated. • Aspergillus flavus was tested against some chemical fungicides and nanoparticles. • Disc diffusion method and statistical analysis were used in the evaluation process. • Difenoconazole at 200 ppm exhibited the best antifungal agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of efficient catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still an urgent task. In this paper, Ni/Mo/Cu/C and Ni/Mo/C electrode were obtained by conventional pulse voltammetry, which acted as cathode in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The prepared samples are analyzed using SEM, XRD, XPS and electrochemical analysis techniques. Results indicated that the Ni/Mo/Cu coating has a rough and globular structure and presents high current density, a lower Tafel slope of 23.9 mV/dec than 30 mV/dec of Pt, which exceeds the electrochemical activity of Pt electrode. Its remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the high surface area, high conductivity as well as synergistic interaction among Ni, Mo and Cu. [Display omitted] • The introduction of Cu to Ni/Mo enhanced synergism among three metals and conductivity of the cathode material. • Results show Ni/Mo/Cu/C electrode has a low Tafel slope of 23.9 mV/dec and excellent kinetics of hydrogen evolution, which exceed Pt electrode. • Ni/Mo/Cu/C exhibit efficient electrocatalysis to hydrogen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage conservation extends beyond individual interests, therefore preserving patrimony artworks is a timeless endeavor. This study proposes cold atmospheric plasma as a suitable method for the treatment of paper, deteriorated by cellulolytic bacteria. Three distinct methods of treating Bacillus velezensis isolated herein from an artificially deteriorated book were applied using cold atmospheric plasma. Bacteria were cultivated on membranes, in liquid media, and directly on paper. When used for five minutes at a power of 50 W and a current density of 12 mA/cm2, the designed cold atmospheric plasma device proved successful in preventing bacterial growth and spore formation. B. velezensis spore generation is a rare mechanism that has never been observed within these circumstances before. Moreover, the cold atmospheric plasma device can suppress the development of cellulolytic bacteria without damaging the paper substrate, which is a significant step in the preservation of patrimony artworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A CP based CoFe electrocatalyst with a simple and quick technique has been invested in our study. This amorphous CoFe/CP hybrid exhibits commendable electrocatalytic performance in the OER process, requiring only overpotential of 278 mV to achieve 10 mAm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution and a lower Tafel slope of 54.58 mV dec-1. Because it enjoys peculiar multistage graded nano structure and Fe, Co co-incorporation, which can modify the surface structure, creating fertile ground for the specific surface area of CP and efficiency of electronic transmission. [Display omitted] • CoFe/CP has successfully grown on 3D nanoarray carbon paper (CP) containing non-precious metals. • The multistage graded nano structure can create fertile ground for the specific surface area of CP and efficiency of electronic transmission. • CoFe/CP with a nanosheet-like structure exhibits amorphous phase. • CoFe/CP-9 shows the corresponding overpotential at 10 mA•cm−2 is 278 mV and remarkable stability. Tremendous attention has been paid on high efficiency, readily available and stability of electrocatalysts. Herein, we ingenious report a one-step reaction strategy synthesis of CoFe/CP grown on three-dimensional (3D) nanoarray carbon paper (CP) containing non-precious metals for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with low-cost and unique hierarchical porous structure. This amorphous CoFe/CP hybrid exhibits commendable electrocatalytic performance in the OER process, requiring only overpotential of 278 mV to achieve 10 mAcm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution and a lower Tafel slope of 49.12 mVdec-1. In addition, this sample shows a long-term durability even at 200 mAcm−2 without obvious decay, which attributes to peculiar multistage graded nano structure and the change of composition at the interface of CP. Therefore, the remarkable OER activity can provide a new strategy to construct potential candidates, which will replace the state-of-the-art precious metals for OER in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords Decolorization; Lignin; Adsorbent; Membrane; Black liquor; Adsorption Highlights * A critical study made on color removal from paper mill effluent using various methods. * Examined color removal efficiencies using conventional and advanced techniques. * Study on Cost analysis in color removal from paper mill effluent. * Future research suggestions described for better implementation of the processes. Abstract The pulp and paper industry consumes a huge amount of water and releases more polluted and colored wastewater every year. Many conventional techniques are used in the treatment of paper industry wastewater. However, for color removal from paper mill effluent, there is no proven method so far, on an industrial scale. Due to high energy input and high cost, there is an urgent need to find out a new technique that must be sustainable, economical, and environment friendly. Various methods have been investigated on bench scale and pilot scale also but no proven method for color removal on an industrial scale. The paper provides an overview of the color removal techniques from different sources of pulp and paper mill wastewater discharged by various industries. The review described various components involved in various processes for color removal from paper mill waste water. The present works focus on processes like chemical, chemical/physical, biological, physicochemical, and electrochemical applied in color removal from paper mill wastewater. The present review gives key information on the effectiveness, use, betterment, and limitations of numerous methods of treatment targeted at color removal from paper mill wastewater using various techniques still under evolution. Author Affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 11 April 2021; Revised 8 August 2021; Accepted 8 August 2021 Byline: Amit Kumar [amit.marrar@gmail.com] (*), Nirmal Kumar Srivastava, Poonam Gera

• A cellulose membrane serves as stationary phase for fractionation of human saliva. • Interaction between red wine and saliva was revealed by a dichromatic analysis. • A non-diffusible salivary fraction showed the highest affinity for wine components. • Diffusion of a diffusible salivary fraction declines due to interaction with wine. • A point of equivalence occurs when a wine/saliva mix shows no diffusible fraction. In-mouth interaction of red wine compounds with salivary proteins is a primary event allegedly responsible for eliciting the mouth-feel sensation of astringency. Those interactions have been currently associated with precipitation of salivary protein/polyphenol complexes. However, such single physicochemical evidence for interaction does not account for the complexity of astringency. This study aimed to develop a paper chromatography method to assess interactions between red wine and the salivary protein fraction using stepwise series of red wine/saliva binary mixtures from 100% wine to 100% saliva ("Alpha and Omega series"). Aliquots of each one of the mixtures were spotted on a cellulose membrane to scrutinize independently the distribution areas of wine components (naturally pink-colored) and salivary protein (stained blue in Coomassie Brilliant R-250). This double target detection revealed interactions between saliva and red wine components along most of the quantitative Alpha and Omega series, a point of equivalence corresponding to maximum interactivity for both complex reactants and a non-diffusible sub-fraction of saliva displaying the highest interactivity. The results indicate a novel way to assess quantitatively physicochemical interactions between red wines and human saliva but also provide new lights to approach the identification of molecular salivary structures involved in triggering astringency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor mental health is considered a major health challenge globally, not least for young people, who will form families within forthcoming years. Research related to childbirth and parenthood transition has focused on how to promote good mental health by preventing mental illness. We discuss how a salutogenetic approach to mental health in parenthood transition is beneficial, and specifically how the component of meaningfulness in Sense of Coherence (SoC), could be investigated to optimize good mental health during parenthood transition. In more recent understandings of meaningfulness , ideas from existential philosophy and psychology have been included. We discuss how, from an existential psychological perspective, open and explorative questioning of life conditions and dilemmas may help to regain one's footing and get in touch with one's driving force – meaningfulness. Such questioning implies that someone, a professional or a friend, actively and relationally helps explore existential aspects of life. We believe that investigating and asking research questions pointing at optimizing a salutogenetic perspective, specifically focusing on the component of meaningfulness and its embedded existential aspects of life, could lead to new knowledge on how to promote good mental health in maternity care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy, however, its incidence has been increasing worldwide, including among older adults. The care of older patients with anal cancer requires a multidisciplinary and comprehensive team approach to ensure improved outcomes and maintenance of quality of life, and the geriatric assessment should be a key component in the evaluation of every older patient with anal cancer. Despite older adults representing a large proportion of patients with anal cancer, they were underrepresented in trials that defined currently accepted standard therapies, including definitive chemoradiotherapy. Nonetheless, data from retrospective studies suggest that fit older patients with anal cancer should receive standard treatment similarly to their younger counterparts. This review describes the current knowledge regarding the management of anal cancer in older adults, including geriatric assessment, localized, recurrent/persistent, and metastatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care delivery shifted and adapted with the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Stroke care was negatively affected across the care continuum and may lead to poor community living outcomes in those who survived a stroke during the ongoing pandemic. For instance, delays in seeking care, changes in length of stays, and shifts in discharge patterns were observed during the pandemic. Those seeking care were younger and had more severe neurologic effects from stroke. Increased strain was placed on caregivers and public health efforts, and community-wide lockdowns, albeit necessary to reduce the spread of COVID-19, had detrimental effects on treatment and recommendations to support community living outcomes. The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Stroke Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group Health and Wellness Task Force convened to (1) discuss international experiences in stroke care and rehabilitation and (2) review recently published literature on stroke care and outcomes during the pandemic. Based on the findings in the literature, the task force proposes recommendations and interdisciplinary approaches at the (1) institutional and societal level; (2) health care delivery level; and (3) individual and interpersonal level spanning across the care continuum and into the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Keywords Paper industry wastewater; Biohydrogen; Cathodes; Microbial electrolysis cells; Electrodeposits; Waste to resources recovery Highlights * The fabricated cathodes exhibited higher electrochemical catalytic activity in real paper industry wastewater. * MECs were used concurrently for energy recovery and treatment of real paper industry wastewater. * Reaction inside MECs can be enhanced by depositing Ni--Co--P based particle on electrode surface. * Ni-Co-P co-deposits attained the maximum H.sub.2 production rate of 0.16-0.06 [plus or minus]0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1 with ~42 % COD reduction. * Higher biohydrogen production, cathodic efficiency and energy recovery were obtained with co --deposited cathode materials. Abstract Paper industries are water-intensive industries that produce large amount of wastewater containing dyes, toxicity and high nutrient content. These industries require sustainable technology for their waste disposal and MEC could be one of them. However, effective MEC operation at neutral pH and ambient temperature requires economical and efficient cathodes that are capable to treat indusial wastewater along with recovery of energy/biohydrogen. Co-deposits of Nickel, Nickel--Cobalt and Nickel--Cobalt--Phosphorous on the surface of SS and Cu base metals distinctly were used as cathodes in MEC for the concurrent treatment of real paper industry wastewater and biohydrogen production. MECs were utilized in batch mode at neutral pH, applied voltage of 0.6 V and 30 [plus or minus] 2 [degree]C temperature with paper industry wastewater and activated sludge as microbial sources. The fabricated Nickel--Cobalt--Phosphorous gives the higher hydrogen production rate of 0.16 [plus or minus] 0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1 and 0.14 [plus or minus] 0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m .sup.-3d .sup.-1 respectively, with ~33--42 % treatment efficiency for a 500 ml wastewater in 7-day batch cycle in both the cases; while it is lowest in the case of the control cathodes (SS1 (0.07 [plus or minus] 0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1) & Cu1 (0.06 [plus or minus] 0.004 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1)). It was also found that fabricated cathodes have the capability to treat industrial wastewater at ambient conditions efficiently with higher energy recovery. Prepared cathodes show enhanced hydrogen production and treatment efficiency as well as are competitive to some reported literature. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India (b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273010, UP, India * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 12 January 2021; Revised 12 July 2021; Accepted 10 August 2021 Byline: Amit Kumar Chaurasia (a), Ravi Shankar (b), Prasenjit Mondal [pmondfch@iitr.ac.in] (a,*)

The article focuses on a synopsis of a critically appraised paper discussing the potential benefits of eccentric resistance training for enhancing strength and power, but not gait, in patients with neurological conditions. Topics discussed include the findings of the study regarding the effects of eccentric resistance training, its limitations in improving gait function, and the implications for therapeutic interventions in this patient population.

The article focuses on a commentary discussing a critically appraised paper titled "In adults with persistent dyspnoea following pulmonary embolism, an exercise-based rehabilitation program improved exercise capacity and quality of life compared with usual care." It discusses how exercise-based rehabilitation improves exercise capacity and quality of life for adults with persistent dyspnea post-pulmonary embolism.

The article focuses on a commentary discussing a critically appraised paper titled "Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities (HABIT-ILE) improves bimanual performance and gross motor function in pre-school children with unilateral cerebral palsy." It mentions the efficacy of HABIT-ILE in enhancing bimanual performance and gross motor function among preschool-aged children diagnosed with unilateral cerebral palsy, offering insights into its benefits for this demographic.

The article focuses on a critically appraised paper titled "Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities (HABIT-ILE) improves bi-manual performance and gross motor function in pre-school children with unilateral cerebral palsy." It discusses the efficacy of HABIT-ILE in enhancing manual dexterity and overall motor function in young children diagnosed with unilateral cerebral palsy, highlighting its potential benefits for this specific population.

Recently, cellulose paper based triboelectric nanogenerators (CPTENGs) has gained widely attention due to the development of wearable, green and miniaturized electronic products. Modification of cellulose fibers or paper is a feasible method to improve the output performance of CPTENGs, however, the simple and effective routes to improve the triboelectric property of cellulose paper still remain a challenge. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare PEO/cellulose composite paper (PEO/CCP) via mixing polyethylene oxide (PEO) with cationic cellulose fibers. Benefiting from amino groups and PEO, the composite paper exhibits higher triboelectric positive property and triboelectric charge density, thereby endowing PEO/CCP based TENG with outstanding output performance. The voltage, current and power density peak values of PEO/CCP based TENG exhibited linear relationship with amino groups content; in this instance, the performance of the TENGs can be readily adjusted by the amino groups. The voltage, current and power density of PEO/CCP based TENG can be up to 222.1 V, 4.3 μA, and 217.3 mW•m−2, respectively. Moreover, a human-health detection device based on this TENG can monitor the physiological signals such as eye muscles, respiration, heart beat and wrist pulse, promising potentials for applications in human health-care. • PEO can improve the triboelectric positive property of cellulose paper. • The V OC , I SC and Q SC values of PEO/CCP based TENG exhibits linear relationship with amino groups content. • The PEO/CCP based TENG can yield a maximum V OC and I SC of 222.1 V and 4.3 μA. • A human-health detection device with button battery structure was designed. • The human-health detection device can monitor physiological signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of self-powered UV photodiode on green substrate is still a challenge. In this study, highly conductive Al doped ZnO (AZO) film was sputter-deposited on paper substrate at room temperature; subsequently, paper-based Schottky photodiodes were successfully fabricated by following Au-ZnO-Al and Au-ZnO-AZO-Al structure designs, respectively. These UV light-based devices operate successfully without external power. Au-ZnO-AZO-Al photodiode shows improved response and faster speed compared to Au-ZnO-Al photodiode. The one-dimensional Poisson simulation results demonstrate that the improvement is attributed to the strong electric field in the ZnO-AZO n-n+ high-low junction, thus, enhancing the collection rate and drifting speed of the photogenerated carriers. In addition, AZO can form favorable ohmic contact with the Al electrodes, further improving the device performance. The photo-response of the paper-based photodiode device shows high reproducibility and stability. Based on these outstanding results, we conclude that these paper-based electronic devices have great potential to replace conventional petroleum-based flexible electronic devices, thus, contributing to the green/sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite many technical challenges in the development of safe and environmentally friendly food packaging paper materials with excellent water and oil resistance using simple methods, producing paper-based functional materials using bio-based polymers is currently an important topic in the food packaging industry. In this study, novel water and oil-resistant coatings for the paper were developed through the combination of sodium alginate (SA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (HSNPs). To impart oil-repellency to paper, SA and HPMC were first mixed uniformly and coated on the base paper, which was pre-treated with calcium chloride solution. A compact and tough coating layer was formed on paper due to the hydrogen bonding between SA and HPMC molecules, and the crosslinking between SA and Ca2+ ions in the base paper. High water resistance of the paper was achieved through the coating of PVB and HSNPs on top of the coating of SA/HPMC. The final coated paper demonstrated outstanding oil resistance (kit rating: 12/12), water resistance (Cobb value: 4.23 g/m2), low water vapor transmission rate (100 g/m2·24 h), and improved mechanical properties. This fluorine-free, and biodegradable barrier paper will find excellent applications in the food packaging industry. [Display omitted] • SA and HPMC as the first coating, PVB and HSNPs as the second coating gave the paper excellent water and oil resistance. • The water and oil-resistant paper materials showed excellent barrier properties and improved mechanical properties. • The water and oil-resistant paper materials were fluorine-free and biodegradable. • The preparation process was convenient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biobased packaging materials derived from carbon-neutral feedstocks are sustainable alternatives to conventional fossil-based polymers. In this study, a method was developed to prepare paper-sheets derived from Miscanthus × giganteus cellulose fibers for potential food contact applications. The papers were hydrophobized with modified lignin from Miscanthus × giganteus biomass and commercial Kraft alkali lignin through hydroxyethylation with ethylene carbonate, followed by esterification with propionic acid. The esterified lignin (10 % w /w) and cellulose acetate (5 % w/w, based on lignin content) were dissolved in acetone and applied as a coating on the miscanthus paper sheets. The esterified lignins were characterized using FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, and elemental analyses. The uncoated and coated paper-sheets had contact angle values 52.4° and >130°, respectively, indicating an increased surface hydrophobicity of the coated paper samples. The water vapor transmission rate decreased significantly from 213.7 (uncoated paper-sheet) to 63.3 g/m2.d (coated paper-sheet). The tensile strength of the coated paper (64.6 MPa) was higher than the uncoated counterpart (57.1 MPa). Results from this study suggest that the esterified lignin coated miscanthus paper is a promising hydrophobic food packaging material alternative to conventional fossil-based thermoplastics. [Display omitted] • Lignin from miscanthus biomass was hydroxyethylated followed by esterification. • Extracted cellulose fibers from miscanthus were used to fabricate paper-sheet. • Esterified lignin-cellulose acetate coating was applied on the paper-sheet. • Coated paper-sheet exhibited an excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle ˃134°). • Coating significantly increased tensile strength and moisture barrier of the paper-sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophobization of cellulosic materials and particularly paper products is a commonly used procedure to render papers more resistant to water and moisture. Here, we explore the hydrophobization of unsized paper sheets via the gas phase. We employed three different compounds, namely palmitoyl chloride (PCl), trifluoroacetic anhydride/acetic anhydride (TFAA/Ac 2 O)) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) which were vaporized and allowed to react with the paper sheets via the gas phase. All routes yielded hydrophobic papers with static water contact angles far above 90° and indicated the formation of covalent bonds. The PCl and TFAA approach negatively impacted the mechanical and optical properties of the paper leading to a decrease in tensile strength and yellowing of the sheets. The HMDS modified papers did not exhibit any differences regarding relevant paper technological parameters (mechanical properties, optical properties, porosity) compared to the non-modified sheets. XPS studies revealed that the HMDS modified samples have a rather low silicon content, pointing at the formation of submonolayers of trimethylsilyl groups on the fiber surfaces in the paper network. This was further investigated by penetration dynamic analysis using ultrasonication, which revealed that the whole fiber network has been homogeneously modified with the silyl groups and not only the very outer surface as for the PCl and the TFAA modified papers. This procedure yields a possibility to study the influence of hydrophobicity on paper sheets and their network properties without changing structural and mechanical paper parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kraft paper (KP) has the advantages of being biodegradable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly. It has a wide range of applications in paper packaging, food packaging, and other fields. However, the non-waterproof characteristic of KP limits its application in harsh environments or special paper packaging, etc. To solve the problem of poor water resistance of KP, a simple and efficient method is proposed to prepare superhydrophobic coatings on kraft paper (SKP) by spraying method using hydrophobic Nano-calcium carbonate (Nano-CaCO 3) particles and rosin (RA) as raw materials. Here, the micro-nano structures are mainly constructed by hydrophobic Nano-CaCO 3 particles, and RA is utilized as a binder to improve the adhesion between the nanoparticles and the paper. The results indicated that the water contact angle (WCA) of SKP reached 154.5° and the water sliding angle (WSA) was 3.2°. And after 34 h of immersion in water, the WCA of SKP surface can remain above 150°. It can also withstand 30 times of sandpaper abrasion and 30 times of tape peeling. Overall, SKP shows excellent stability, water resistance, stain resistance and self-cleaning. It is expected to protect important documents in harsh environments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphical abstract illustrates the concept of DNA detection using filter paper and brown colored beads. The visual signal of detection can be analyzed quantitatively as the histogram indicates. • Filter paper is suitable for use as a support platform in point-of-care devices. • Polyamidoamine dendrimer activates filter paper for DNA detection. • The method developed combines and simplifies multiple techniques, and enables a rapid and accurate DNA diagnosis tool. Point-of-care (POC) detection is crucial in clinical diagnosis in order to provide timely and specific treatment. Combining polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, p -phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDITC) and superparamagnetic beads, a novel method to activate the surface of filter paper to bind DNA molecules has been developed. The method is based on the primary amination of the filter paper surface with PAMAM dendrimer, followed by generation of isothiocyanate groups via PDITC, and subsequent repetition of these two steps. Different parameters of the process have been optimized, including probe printing, preparation of target DNAs and detection. The result shows that, due to the highly porous structure of filter paper, high amounts of printed probes, target DNAs and magnetic beads can provide high signal intensities in the detection area via probe/target duplex formation. This method is suitable for rapid, specific and cost-efficient DNA detection on cellulose filter paper. It can be used as a POC device, in particular for diagnosis and treatment management of infectious diseases and identification of antimicrobial drug resistance genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quick response (QR) codes are a fast and efficient technology for linking and accessing identifying information, and their use has been proposed in forensics. The heat resistance and esthetics of denture marking methods (DMMs) have been recommended by the American Dental Association (ADA), but studies on these aspects of printed QR codes are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal printed material with QR codes for implementation as a DMM adjusted to the recommendations of the ADA. The behavior of 4 types of paper, bond paper, fiberglass filter paper, ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire paper, and polyolefin and silica paper with printed QR codes was analyzed. They were exposed to temperatures between 100 °C and 1000 °C in a heat muffle for 1 hour. Each specimen was subjected to both a morphological and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanned by using 3 different smartphones. The scans were positive for bond paper (33.3%), fiberglass fiber paper (50%), ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire paper (100%), and polyolefin and silica paper (70.4%). The TGA revealed continuous decomposition curves (average 16.5 minutes at 624 °C). Printed QR codes on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire paper appear to be suitable as information reservoirs, even surviving incineration, and may be implemented as a DMM conforming to the ADA recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cocaine particulates are readily transferred from banknotes through contact. • More particulates transfer from polymer banknotes than paper banknotes. • Contacts involving rotation resulted in a greater transfer of cocaine particulates. • Cocaine persisted on both paper and polymer banknotes following extensive handling. It is well established that a large proportion of paper banknotes in circulation contain traces of cocaine. Being able to discriminate between the innocent transfer of illicit drug particles acquired through everyday interactions with surfaces such as banknotes, as opposed to transfer resulting from criminal activities can provide valuable intelligence that can inform an investigation. With many countries adopting polymer banknotes as legal tender, it is important to consider the transfer of cocaine from these surfaces as well as the retention of these particulates on polymer banknotes for evaluative interpretation in crime reconstruction. This comparison study assessed three contact variables (force, time, and rotation) on the transfer of cocaine particulates from paper and polymer banknotes onto a human skin proxy. The persistence of cocaine particulates was assessed through a realistic scenario which mimicked a cash transaction. Quantifiable amounts of cocaine were transferred onto the human skin proxy across all of the contacts assessed, with a greater transfer observed with contacts involving polymer banknotes and those contacts which involved rotation. Following extensive handling, cocaine persisted on both banknote types, with paper banknotes retaining larger amounts of cocaine than polymer banknotes. These findings show that cocaine can persist on both paper and polymer banknotes for extended periods of time following handling and is therefore available for transfer. This transfer then readily occurs, even when contact is brief and involves relatively small forces. A key distinction between the banknote types was that cocaine particulates are more likely to transfer from polymer banknotes due to the lower retention rate of particulates on this surface. Such insights can aid in evaluating the relevance of illicit drug particles identified on items or persons of interest in crime reconstruction approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pulp and paper industry sludges are potential conditioners of coarse-textured soil. • Sludge amendment increased total soil porosity and plant available water. • 30–40% of the amount of C added in sludge materials was respired in two months. • Decomposition of the sludges led to short-term net N immobilisation. • The extent of impacts depends on application rate and sludge characteristics. Building up the organic matter content of coarse-textured soils with organic amendments seeks to ameliorate the productivity of these soils, which is limited by plant available water and nutrient supply. Wood fibre-based sludges from the pulp and paper industry have potential for soil conditioning. In this study, the effects of three different pulp and paper mill sludges at application rates of 10 and 20 vol-% on water retention, respiration, and nitrogen (N) dynamics were examined in a series of laboratory studies using coarse field soils. Water retention curves comprising 13 matric potentials revealed that the amendments increased total soil porosity and volumetric water content at matric potentials corresponding to macro- and mesopores size range with pore diameters of >30 μm and 30–0.2 μm, respectively. Volumetric water content at field capacity increased by c. 10–30%, depending on the type (fresh, lime-stabilised and fibre sludge) and application rate of the amendment, with no marked change in the water content at the permanent wilting point. This was reflected as a mean increase of 1.9–3.3 mm in the plant available water content relative to the non-amended soils (17 mm), which corresponds to 19–33 m3 per hectare. At most, an increase of 5.5 mm (55 m3 ha−1) in plant available water was achieved by the fibre sludge amendment at an application rate of 20 vol-%. During a 60-day laboratory incubation, c. 30–40% of the carbon (C) added to soil in the sludge materials was respired as carbon dioxide. Additional N accelerated decomposition without increasing total respired C. Decomposition of the amendments in the soil led to a net N immobilisation of roughly 5–10 mg min-N g−1 added C, which occurred mainly during the first two weeks after soil incorporation. Overall, pulp and paper mill sludge amendments may serve to alleviate water shortages during drought in coarse-textured soils, but may generate a transient plant-microbe competition in N uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry (PPI) is one of the main pillars of the global economy, but its high energy consumption, pollution, and emissions necessitate urgent transformation. Various types of enzymes can play a crucial role in improving pulp performance, reducing energy consumption, as well as decreasing pollution, which benefits a lot to clean and sustainable development. Due to the complex and numerous substrates in the papermaking processes, enzyme cocktails are often more effective single enzymes. In addition, the effect of enzyme cocktails is affected to varying degrees by the complex environment, including the different papermaking process, pH, temperature, residence time, chemical additives and auxiliary technologies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of hydrolases and oxidases frequently applyed in PPI, along with a list of auxiliary enzymes and proteins with potential applications in this field. More attention is given to enzyme cocktails for various processes such as pulping, refining/beating, deinking, bleaching, and stickies control. The factors influencing enzyme efficiency are analyzed and progresses in this area are reviewed. Further, cutting-edge biotechnologies are highlighted to improve the robustness of enzymes, which could expand the market share of enzyme preparations. By and large, studying the mechanisms and influencing factors of enzyme cocktails will facilitate the transition of the PPI to a greener, low-carbon, economical and energy-efficient industry. [Display omitted] • Compared with single enzymes, enzyme cocktails are more suitable for pulp and paper industry applications. • Enzyme cocktails require more special consideration of application environment (pH, temperature, chemical additives). • Development of biotechnology can further improve the robustness of PPI related enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unprinting of paper can reduce multiple life-cycle stages in the recycling of paper to yield significant environmental impact. Laser-unprinting has been demonstrated for uncoated paper but causes significant damage to coated paper. This work explores a scalable optical (non-laser) process for unprinting coated paper. Printed coated paper is exposed to pulsed broad-spectrum Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) from a xenon lamp and the toner is then removed by dabbing gently with an ethanol wipe. While black toner is easily unprinted, unprinting of colored prints (red, blue, green) is best realized by incorporating an initial overprint of black toner. An unprinting throughput on the order of mm2/s is achieved. Three distinct regimes of unprinting are identified based on the extent of toner removal and damage of the paper. The optical properties of the unprinted paper, characterized via UV–Visible spectrophotometry, are correlated to these regimes to understand the potential for in-situ optical process monitoring. Scanning Electron Micrography and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy are performed to understand the underlying mechanisms that govern the occurrence of the different unprinting regimes. Further, the potential impact of the developed approach on recycling of paper is discussed in the context of the capabilities of current optical unprinting approaches and the potential elimination of life-cycle stages in conventional paper recycling. • Intense Pulsed Light can scalably unprint toner from coated paper with minimal chemical usage. • Our overprinting approach enables colored prints to be removed as well. • Unprinting throughput of mm2/s is achieved. • Three distinct unprinting regimes exist, depending on process parameters and toner types. • Thermal weakening of toner-coating bonds and cracking are the primary governing mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Magnesium oxyhydroxide colloid was obtained by pulsed laser ablation of Mg in water. • Magnesium oxyhydroxide lamellas effectively bind to the surface of the paper fibers. • Magnesium oxyhydroxide colloid treatment bleaches, hardens and stabilizes the paper. • The treatment proposed is highly effective and surpasses the conventional techniques. Magnesium-containing nanocolloids were synthesized by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation (PLAL) of a Mg target in water. As-prepared colloids contained 2-D lamellar nanostructures of magnesium oxyhydroxide Mg 5 O(OH) 8 (Mg-NSs) with a thickness of 5–10 nm and a length/width up to one micron. The colloids obtained were used for the first time to restore old, low-quality paper (a Russian book from the beginning of the 20th century). All results were compared to conventional treatment with basic magnesium carbonate. It was found that Mg-NSs facilitated effective deacidification and conservation treatment of the paper. Paper pH increased after treatment and remained stable upon artificial aging. Moreover, treatment led to an increase in paper whiteness of up to 10% and paper strengthening up to 25%. In general, the treated paper became more resistant to the deterioration processes during aging. Thus, colloid of Mg 5 O(OH) 8 lamellar nanostructures obtained by PLAL in water is a promising agent for paper restoration and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based sleep diaries play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia disorder. Accurate self-report data help to guide therapy and track progress, both in the clinic and during research trials. Previous research with paper diaries suggests that timely adherence with self-report diaries may be an issue, which can result in biased event recall. University students (N = 31) were asked to track their bedtime and wake time within 30 min of these events on paper-based sleep diaries. Specially designed binders covertly timestamped when participants actually wrote on their sleep diary. We assessed adherence by comparing timestamped diary usage with what participants documented in their sleep diary. Participants self-reported they were adherent with sleep diary instructions 97.9% of the time. However, timestamped data revealed that only 37.1% of diary entries were completed within the instructed timeframe. More than half of participants backfilled diary data, and three participants (9.7%) provided data that completely did not match their actual time of completion. When naïve to the objective tracking of their sleep diary usage, participants greatly over-reported the extent of their adherence. Non-adherence with sleep diary protocols poses a challenge for researchers utilizing this tool as a study outcome in clinical trials and for clinicians attempting to implement behavioral therapies for insomnia. • Paper sleep diaries are commonly used for insomnia diagnosis and treatment. • There is limited research evaluating adherence with this self-report tool. • We designed a special binder to covertly timestamp when data entry occurred. • Reported sleep diary adherence greatly exceeded what timestamped data suggested. • Non-adherence with paper sleep diary protocols is an issue for researchers and clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The application of PVDF UF membrane in pilot secondary effluent treatment from paper mills was studied. • Pore blockage and cake deposition were found to be the major fouling mechanism. • PVA-217 was identified as the main cause of the membrane pore blockage. • Ca2+ formed complexes with PVA-217 was developed as an efficient way to reduce membrane fouling. Papermaking industry discharges a huge amount of effluent and recycling of processed water with membrane technology has become predominate treatment protocol. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was employed to treat the effluent of secondary sedimentation tank from a paper mill. The results of 600 -hs continuous running showed that the PVDF membrane was seriously fouled with increased surface roughness during the filtrating process. Characterization of the fouled PVDF membrane revealed that pore blockage and cake deposition were the main fouling mechanism. The foulants in the pores were mainly oxygen-contained organics, and the foulants on the surface were mainly metal complexes and large particle. Wastewater analysis indicated the co-existence of PVA (1.0 mg/L) and Ca2+ (16.7 mg/L) in the secondary effluent. Pores blocking mechanism was caused by strong adheresion of PVA-217 and cake deposition mechanism was induced with macromolecular complexes of calcium ions bonding to PVA-217. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the fouling mechanism in the secondary effluent treatment. The understanding could help to find a feasible chemical method to clean the fouled polymeric membrane with washing agents as NaClO, NaOH and HCl in steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon materials with layered structure and high conductivity are promising electrode candidates for dual-ion batteries (DIBs). However, the size mismatch of electrolyte ions and interlayer spacing of carbon materials limits the overall performance of DIBs. Thus, finding an effective strategy to adjust the interlayer spacing of carbon materials is of great importance. Here, we describe an efficient electrochemical strategy combining ion pre-intercalation and gas evolution reaction treatment to expand the interlayer spacing and modify graphene layers of carbon fiber papers. Furthermore, through the theoretical calculation we have demonstrated that the anion adsorption energy is reduced and kinetics is accelerated by the introduction of functional groups on the graphene layer. After the electrochemical modification, the discharge capacity of CFP increases more than 50%, the transfer resistance reduces even more than 40% and the capacity retains 94% after 1000 cycles in an ionic liquid electrolyte. These promising results demonstrate an effective and convenient method to solve the size mismatch issue, and therefore, arouse the potentials of carbon materials and other materials with layered structure for high performance DIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper and pulp mills generate substantial quantities of cellulose-rich sludge materials that are disposed in landfills at a large scale. For sustainability purposes, sludge materials can be bioprocessed to produce renewable fuels and useful chemicals. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is the process bottleneck that affects the conversion economics directly by using zero-cost raw materials. In order to study and optimize the process, the characteristics of the sludge raw materials should be first evaluated. In this work, sludge samples were obtained from paper mills located at different locations in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Part of the sludge samples was washed (de-ashed) with hydrochloric acid while the other part remained unwashed. The samples were subjected to multiple spectroscopic analyses techniques to evaluate the morphological properties of cellulose fibers and to estimate the total structural carbohydrate content. The results showed that the de-ashing process changed some fiber characteristics and cellulose crystallinity structure in all sludge samples. Sludge sample A (obtained from Kraft pulp and recycled paper mill region) showed a high percentage of fiber, with crystalline cellulose, compared to the other two sludge samples suggesting that sludge A is a valuable source to make value-added products. Aspen Plus mass and energy calculations performed in view of the 'zero' cost and the reliable supply of sludge raw materials producing 2 mol H 2 /mol glucose. Moreover, the results showed that extracting crystalline cellulose from these sludge samples is more profitable than crystalline cellulose made from the other lignocellulosic feedstocks. The results reported here showed that the utilization of these sludge materials would be an economically attractive and promising alternative for the production of hydrogen. Image 1 • A new method for paper mill sludge (PMS) characterization as renewable feedstock. • The deashing step has a major effect on the bioconversion of the PMS. • Studying the crystalline cellulose of the PMS. • A relation between the characterization and potential sugar yield was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disordered wrinkles inevitably appear in the fluid assembly process of graphene and heavily depress performances of assembled graphene papers. Achieving high plasticity enables the post modulation to rearrange wrinkles by stretching. Here, we obtain an over 100% improved plasticity by intercalating oligomer into graphene oxide (GO) laminates and fabricate strong, stiff and conductive graphene papers (GPs) via post stretching. The intercalated oligomer activates the mobilization of GO sheets and achieves high plasticity of solid GO papers. The improved plasticity allows high stretching ratio and the post-stretched GP features regular orientation (0.95) of graphene sheets and aligned fine wrinkles. The crystalline GPs have a high tensile strength up to 1.3 GPa, Young's modulus of 92.9 GPa and highly electrical conductivity (1.05 × 105 S m−1). The greatly improved plasticity by oligomer extends the processing capability of graphene materials and the strong and conductive GP can be assembled in high performance nanocomposites with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). [Display omitted] • Intercalating oligomer greatly enhances plasticity of graphene oxide laminates for the improved interlayer friction. • The greatly enhanced plasticity enables to efficiently eliminate disordered wrinkles of assembled graphene sheets. • The crystalline graphene paper (GP) exhibits superior mechanical and electrical properties. • The (GP-based) laminated composite shows high tensile strength and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of waste papers by conversion into valuable carbon materials has received considerable attention for diverse applications such as energy storage and water purification. However, traditional methods for converting waste papers into materials with suitable properties for specific applications are often complex and ineffective, involving consecutive carbonization and activation steps. Herein, we propose a simple one-step microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis for preparing waste paper-derived porous carbons (WPCs) for energy storage and water purification. Through a 30-min synthesis, WPCs with graphitic structure and high specific surface area were successfully produced. The fabricated WPCs exhibited outstanding charge storage capability with a maximum specific capacitance of 237.7 F g−1. Additionally, the WPC demonstrates a high removal efficiency for various dyes, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 95.0% for methylene blue. The developed one-step MW synthesis not only enables the production of porous carbon from waste paper, but also offers a viable approach to address solid waste management challenges while simultaneously yielding valuable materials. [Display omitted] • Waste paper-derived porous carbons were synthesized by one-step microwave synthesis. • Within 30-min MW synthesis, graphitic and high-surface area WPCs were produced. • WPC exhibits outstanding electrochemical capacitance of 237.7 F g−1. • WPC exhibits high removal of various dyes, with maximum of 95.0% for methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The alcohol yields achieved were 41.3 wt% and 48.5 wt% from the corrugated box and A4 paper. • Cellulose exhibited the conversion rate of 100 %, with alcohol substances achieving a yield of 71.2 wt% and a selectivity of 89.4 % within 6 h. • The mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis and the catalytic effect of CuMgAlO x were explored. • Multiple techniques were utilized to analyze the alcoholysis pathways and mechanisms of cellulose in waste paper. In an effort to valorize under-exploited cellulose sources like waste paper for sustainable energy production, this study investigates a catalytic process to convert these materials into low-carbon alcohols. We explored the conversion efficiency of various cellulose materials, including corrugated box, A4 paper, and pure cellulose, under the influence of a CuMgAlO x catalyst. Our findings indicate that at 360 °C for 6 h, the conversion rates were substantial, yielding 70.1 % for corrugated box, 85.2 % for A4 paper, and 100 % for cellulose. The respective alcohol selectivities achieved were 54.7 %, 83.0 %, and 89.4 %, with alcohol yields of 41.3 wt%, 48.5 wt%, and 71.2 wt%. Notably, the absence of the catalyst led predominantly to the production of sugars and lipids, whereas the catalytic conditions facilitated the formation of alcohols. The study also examined the effects of temperature and reaction time on cellulose conversion. It was found that a complete conversion was possible at 320 °C within 1 h, with extended temperature and time improving the alcohol yield. The development of a kinetic model for the cellulose conversion process has allowed for accurate predictions of the transformations under varied conditions, which offers a strategic framework for reaction optimization. Furthermore, the role of the CuMgAlO x catalyst was elucidated through the examination of model compounds, demonstrating its capability in converting cellulose intermediates such as sugars, lipids, and ketones into alcohols. This research highlights a potent strategy for the production of high-value, eco-friendly green fuels from readily available paper products and cellulose biomass, marking a significant advancement in chemical engineering and sustainable energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chromatography paper was used to develop an analytical device to detect salt. • Chloride ions reacted with silver nanoparticles and carboxymethyl cellulose. • Stability and interference against Cl− detection were good. • The device detected salt in twenty-five food samples. Using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a simple distance-based paper analytical device (dPAD) was developed for the determination of chloride ions in food products. The determination of chloride ions was based on the Mohr argentometric method without the chromium compound. A hydrophobic barrier was created on chromatography paper using a wax-printing technique. The barrier protected a channel that was impregnated with AgNPs and CMC. In the presence of chloride, chloride ions moved along the channel, reacting with AgNPs, and forming an AgNPs-Cl sediment deposited as a white/gray precipitation in the orange-colored channel. The chloride ion concentration was interpreted from the length of the color change visualized with the naked eye without external equipment. The amount and volume of AgNPs and CMC impregnated on the chromatography paper were optimized. The response of the AgNPs-CMC/dPAD to the chloride ion was linear from 0.01 to 1.00 % w/v (r = 0.9931). In addition, the proposed device was stable for more than 28 days, with a relative response of 105 ± 3 % compared to day one, resulting in consistent and precise results. Intra-day (6 measurements) and inter-day (over 6 days) precision were excellent with RSDs less than 6 %. The developed dPAD was used to detect salt in twenty-five real samples, including instant noodles, condiments and sauces, and snacks. Recoveries ranged from 96 ± 5 to 105 ± 5 %. The proposed method showed acceptable accuracy, precision and good shelf life for monitoring chloride in food products at the point of need and demonstrated potential for commercial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]