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An important success and use of Deep Learning in recent years has been in the field of image processing. Research on Deep Learning has shown that these architectures particularly convolution neuron network (CNN) can learn solutions with human-level capability for certain visual tasks. These techniques have been used in particular in remote sensing image analysis tasks, including object detection on images, image fusion, image recording, scene classification, segmentation, object-based image analysis, land use and land cover classification (LULC). In this paper we present an automatic solution for the detection of clandestine waste dumps using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images in the Saint Louis area of Senegal, West Africa. This is a challenging task given the very high spatial resolution of UAV images (on the order of a few centimeters) and the extremely high level of detail, which require suitable automatic analysis methods. Our proposed method begins by 1) segmenting image into four (4) regions, which can be used as an input image 2) Reduce size of input images into 300x300x3 for the CNN entries 3) Labelling the image by determining region of interest. Next Single shot detector SSD is used to mine highly descriptive features from these datasets. The results show that the model recognizes well the areas concerned but presents difficulties on some areas lacking clear ground truths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory-based cadaveric training is essential for the development and refinement of neurosurgical technical skills in the operating room and has become an integral training component around the world. Postresidency fellowship—the first pillar of skull base surgery training—includes both hands-on clinical care and surgery supervised by an experienced skull base surgeon. Time is spent in a skull base laboratory practicing approaches and developing anatomic mastery. The second pillar includes formal skull-base courses—institutional dissection laboratories provide continuous anatomic and surgical education while complementary annual or semiannual cadaver courses gather recognized experts to share their knowledge and experience in an essential 2- to 3-day setting. In this paper, we present the history of the longest running annual skull-base cadaver microsurgical course, which was started by Dr. Ossama Al-Mefty: Annual Surgical Approaches to the Skull Base Course. At the Microscopic and Endoscopic Hands-on Cadaver Workshop, held in St. Louis, Missouri, we celebrated its 30th anniversary in April 2019. We also present the impact this course has had on neurosurgery and skull base surgery and on the professional and scientific developments of its participants in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

St. Louis, Missouri, is a case study in America's long legacy of racism and a prominent example of a "shrinking city." This paper expands the notions of "core" and "periphery" using the highly segregated city and its suburbs to include not just economic exploitation but also racial exploitation. Using historical and contemporary census data and spatial data delineating the boundaries of Home Owner Loan Corporation grades (i.e., "redlining" maps), this paper examines the relationship between historical racism, contemporary segregation, and economic consequences. I find that St. Louis's peripheral areas expanded over the twentieth century, first in the city and then in the county, creating dual zones of exploitation where poverty, segregation, and income inequality remain persistently higher. These findings identify the historical roots of contemporary segregation, and suggest that addressing the long term consequences of both racial and economic exploitation in peripheral spaces remains critical for improving African American families' life chances. • Provides an empirical analysis of redlining's contemporary effects in St. Louis, MO. • Redlining has a moderate bivariable relationship with segregation in St. Louis. • Finds contemporary socioeconomic factors to be more salient for understanding segregation and home values than redlining. • These findings inform an extension of the core-periphery model by pairing it with a racial capitalism perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Drug dealers are infamous for overcharging customers and handing over less than owed. One reason rip-offs frequently occur is blackmarket participants have limited access to formal means of dispute resolution and, as such, are attractive prey. Yet drug dealers do not cheat every customer. Though this is implicitly understood in the literature, sparse theoretical attention has been given to which customers are ripped-off and why. Methods: To address that lacuna, this paper uses the rationality perspective to analyze qualitative data obtained in interviews with 25 unincarcerated drug sellers operating in disadvantaged neighborhoods of St. Louis, Missouri. Results: We find that dealers typically rip-off six types of customers: persons who are strangers, first-time or irregular customers; do not have sufficient money on hand to make a purchase; are uninformed about going market rates; are deemed unlikely to retaliate; are offensive; or are addicted to drugs. Dealers target these groups due to perceiving them as unlikely to be repeat business; not worth the hassle of doing business with; unlikely to realize they are being ripped-off; in the wrong and thus deserving of payback; and, unwilling to retaliate or take their money elsewhere. Conclusion: Our findings are discussed in relation to their practical implications, including the importance of giving blackmarket participants greater access to law, and how customers may prevent being ripped-off. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Following is invited commentary on the symposium "A Crystal Ball Look into the Future of..." delivered July 16, 2011, at the Poultry Science Association's 100th annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri. The symposium examined various aspects that will impact the future of poultry production over the next 10 to 20 years. Topics included genetics, nutrition, incubation, and bird health. This paper deals with various aspects of future issues affecting global feeding and nutrition of poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following is invited commentary on the symposium "A Crystal Ball Look into the Future of..." delivered July 16, 2011, at the Poultry Science Association's 100th annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri. The symposium examined various aspects that will impact the future of poultry production over the next 10 to 20 yr. Topics included genetics, nutrition, incubation, and bird health. This paper deals with various aspects of future issues affecting global feeding and nutrition of poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous measurements of aerosol size distributions (3nm–2μm) were carried out over a 26 month period (1 April 2001–31 May 2003; 650 days with valid data) in urban East St. Louis, IL, as a part of the US Environmental Protection Agency''s Supersite program. This paper analyzes data for the 155 days on which “regional nucleation events” were observed during this study. Such events were observed during every month of the study except January 2003. We observed some differences, however, between events in the summer (defined here as April–September) and winter (December–February). Regional nucleation events were observed more frequently in summer months (36±13% of days) than in winter (8±7%), and nucleated particles grew faster in the summer (6.7±4.8nmh−1) than in winter (1.8±1.9nmh−1). The daily maximum in the number concentration of nanoparticles formed by nucleation (4.8±3.5×104 cm−3) was highly variable and showed no clear seasonal dependence. Particle formation increased particle concentrations by an average factor of 3.1±2.8. Maximum daily rates of 3nm particle production (17±20cm−3 s−1) were also highly variable and without a clear seasonal dependence. During these events, particle formation rates were typically near their maxima at 08:00–09:00 a.m., but particle production sometimes persisted at diminishing rates until late in the afternoon (15:00–16:00 p.m.). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights the Annual Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association on July 27, 2004 in Saint Louis, Missouri. Citation for Paul J. Kononoff, recipient of the 2004 Alltech Inc. Graduate Student Paper Publication Award; Research program of the 2004 American Feed Industry Association Award recipient Louis Armentano; Previous job experiences of Ray Nebel, recipient of the 2004 DeLaval Dairy Extension Award.

This study introduces a typology of public–private partnerships formed to redevelop vacant property in response to varying levels of tension between the public and private sectors. Nonprofit, Resident, Public, and Private-driven reinvestment cases are identified in the context of urban shrinkage with diverging paths of collaboration with the land bank in St. Louis, Missouri, the first city-run land bank in the United States. Contractual relationships and partner participations are evaluated in cases where publicly owned property played an instrumental role in the land reuse projects in the mid-2010s, when the land bank began to diversify its processes of redevelopment. Based on partnership typology, this paper analyzes four impactful developments during this time period and compares project initiation, complexity, and outcomes while assessing the role and intensity of land bank involvement. Through sharing the risks and costs of land ownership with project partners, the land bank intends to see the land returned to its original urban function and achieve value for money. This study demonstrates that the result of partnerships depends on stakeholders' perception of what productive land reuse means for a community. • A typology of public–private partnerships formed to redevelop vacant property is introduced. • The land bank intends to see the land returned to its original urban function and achieve value for money. • The amount of shared risk between project partners is dependent upon property ownership transfer. • The unconventional approaches offer gradual and flexible options for community redesign. • The conventional actors promote larger patterns of more permanent solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on various aspects of the 100th Annual Meeting of the Poultry Science Association Inc. on July 16-19, 2011 in St. Louis, Missouri, which will be held jointly with the American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP) and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Chairmen for the programs include A. B. Webster, C. W. Ritz, and N. B. Anthony. It offers guidelines for the creation of abstracts and submission of papers to be presented in the meeting.