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Abstract: The crude polysaccharides (GFP) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa and purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography in that order. Three main fractions, GFP-1, GFP-2 and GFP-3, were obtained through the isolation and purification steps. Then the antioxidant activities of these three fractions were investigated in vitro. The results showed that GFP-1, GFP-2 and GFP-3 possessed significant inhibitory effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical; their reducing power, ferrous ions chelating effect and the inhibition ability of the rat liver lipid oxidation where also strong. These results suggest that G. frondosa polysaccharides could be a suitable natural antioxidant and may be the functional foods for humans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from Acanthopanax senticosus leaves (ASL), was fractionated by DEAE–Sepharose fast-flow column chromatography, and purified by Sephadex G-75 gel-permeation column chromatography. The characteristics of ASP-2-1 were determined by chemical analysis, high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The results show that ASP-2-1 contained 89.47% carbohydrate, 7.45% uronic acid, 2.16% protein and seven kinds of monosaccharides including rhamnose, xylose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 7.45:18.63:25.15:0.93:8.35:2.79:5.69, with an average molecular weight of about 14,573Da. Furthermore, the immunobiological and antioxidant activities, in vitro, of ASP-2-1 were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ), superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical ( OH) free radical-scavenging assay, respectively. The results showed that ASP-2-1 exhibited significantly higher immunomodulatory activities against the lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, pronounced reductive power (FRAP value: 785.1μM at 0.2mg/ml), strong hydroxyl radical (89.56% at 1mg/ml) scavenging activity, moderate superoxide radicals (65.32% at 1mg/ml) and DPPH radicals (68.9% at 1mg/ml) scavenging activities. ASP-2-1 should be explored as a novel and potential natural antioxidant and immunostimulating agent for use in functional foods or medicine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four water-soluble polysaccharides fractions (ZSP1b, ZSP2, ZSP3c and ZSP4b) were isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao by DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B and SepharoseCL-6B column chromatography. Their chemical and physical characteristics were determined by chemical methods, gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao (CZSP) and its purified fractions were investigated including superoxide anion, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Antioxidant results showed that ZSP3c and ZSP4b containing more uronic acid had the stronger free radical scavenging activities than ZSP1b containing no uronic acid. Available data obtained with in vitro models suggested that uronic acid was an effective indicator of antioxidant activity of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new antioxidation protein named G4b was purified from Ginkgo biloba seed albumin. The results of chemical colorimetry and chemiluminescence methods showed that the hemi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of G4b on the hydroxyl radical were 78.1μg/mL and 115.1μg/mL, and the IC50 on DPPH was 100.7μg/mL, while the IC50 on the superoxide anion and DNA injury were 23μg/mL and 27μg/mL, respectively, and the abundance of sulfur amino acids and aromatic amino acids contained in G4b might contribute to its strong antioxidation properties. G4b is a kind of homogeneous and novel protein with a molecular mass of 29,247Da, consisting of two peptides with similar molecular weights linked by a disulfide bond. Result of β-elimination reaction showed that G4b is connected with a small quantity of polysaccharide by an oxygen-glucosidic bond. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The water-soluble crude polysaccharide GM, obtained from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by boiling-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by DEAE–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, and purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, giving three polysaccharide fractions termed GMA, GMB and GMC. The monosaccharide components of them were studied by PC and GC. On the basis of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay and self-oxidation of 1,2,3-phentriol assay, the antioxidant activities of GM, GMA, GMB and GMC were investigated. Among these contents, GMC had the higher scavenging effects on superoxide radicals and inhibitory effects on self-oxidation of 1,2,3-phentriol, and so should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]