1. How older adults maintain lateral balance while walking on narrowing paths.
- Author
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Kazanski, Meghan E., Cusumano, Joseph P., and Dingwell, Jonathan B.
- Subjects
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OLDER people , *CENTER of mass , *CENTROID , *GAIT disorders , *MOVEMENT disorders - Abstract
Older adults have difficulty maintaining side-to-side balance while navigating daily environments. Losing balance in such circumstances can lead to falls. We need to better understand how older adults adapt lateral balance to navigate environment-imposed task constraints. How do older adults adjust mediolateral balance while walking along continually-narrowing paths, and what are the stability implications of these adjustments? Eighteen older (71.6±6.0 years) and twenty younger (21.7±2.6 years) healthy adults traversed 25 m-long paths that gradually narrowed from 45 cm to 5 cm. Participants switched onto an adjacent path when they chose. We quantified participants' lateral center-of-mass dynamics and lateral Margins of Stability (MoS L) as paths narrowed. We quantified lateral Probability of Instability (PoI L) as the probability that participants would take a laterally unstable (MoS L <0) step as they walked. We also extracted these outcomes where participants switched paths. As paths narrowed, all participants exhibited progressively smaller average MoS L and increasingly larger PoI L. However, their MoS L variability was largest at both the narrowest and widest path sections. Older adults exhibited consistently both larger average and more variable MoS L across path widths. Taken into account together, these resulted in either comparable or somewhat larger PoI L as paths narrowed. Older adults left the narrowing paths sooner, on average, than younger. As they did so, older adults exhibited significantly larger average and more variable MoS L , but somewhat smaller PoI L than younger. Our results directly challenge the predominant interpretation that larger average MoS L indicate "greater stability", which we argue is inconsistent with the principles underlying its derivation. In contrast, analyzing step-to-step gait dynamics, together with estimating PoI L allows one to properly quantify instability risk. Furthermore, the adaptive strategies uncovered using these methods suggest potential targets for future interventions to reduce falls in older adults. • Daily environments challenge older adults' ability to maintain lateral balance. • Healthy older and younger adults walked down continuously-narrowing paths. • Average lateral Margins-of-Stability (MoS L) yielded paradoxical results. • Larger average MoS L measures do not indicate "greater stability". • Probability-of-Instability (PoI L) properly captured peoples' instability risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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