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Background To expand the donor pool, split liver transplantation is conventionally performed for one adult and one pediatric recipient. Application of this technique for two adult recipients can produce remarkable impact on the waiting list. Proper donor and recipient selection is crucial for the favorable outcome following full-right and full-left liver split. Right lobe adult to adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is essentially a full right and full left split. However, LDLT techniques have not been used for full right and left split. Methods We performed in situ splitting of the whole liver using LDLT techniques from a hemodynamically stable young deceased donor and transplanted into two adult recipients, both with model for end-stage liver disease score of 17. The transection was carried out through the midplane of liver, generating a right lobe and a left lobe graft. Results Both the recipients had uneventful postoperative recovery. At ten months of follow up, both the recipients are doing well with good liver function. Conclusion Based on the concept of living related liver transplantation, our case explores the technical feasibility of full-right and full-left in situ liver split. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel molecules 5a-g containing N-aryl maleimide and α-hydroxyphosphonate moieties were synthesized. A distinct approach for high-yielding synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates has been discovered using various catalyst and solvents. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, NMR, MS and CHN analysis. All the synthesized compounds were tested for qualitative (Zone of inhibition) and quantitative (MIC) antimicrobial activities against two pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2250) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and four pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans (MTCC 277), Candida tropicalis (MTCC184), Aspergillus niger (MCIM 545) and Aspergillus clavatus (MTCC 132). The investigation of antimicrobial screening data revealed that most of the tested compounds are moderate to good microbial inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Styrene oxide with high selectivity (>60%) at high conversion (>50%) can be produced in the biphasic epoxidation of styrene by t-butyl hydroperoxide, using easily separable potassium chromate or dichromate as catalyst in the presence of water; the reactants and products exist in the non-aqueous (organic) phase, while the catalyst exists in the aqueous phase. Both potassium chromate and dichromate catalysts show very high activity in the biphasic epoxidation; however, a more preferable catalyst is potassium chromate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An ideal definition of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracies of existing EAD definitions, identify the predictors of early graft loss due to EAD, and formulate a new definition, estimating EAD-related mortality in LDLT recipients. Consecutive adult patients undergoing elective LDLT were analyzed. Patients with technical (vascular, biliary) complications and biopsy-proven rejections were excluded. There were 19 deaths due to EAD of a total of 304 patients. On applying the existing definitions of EAD, we revealed their limitations of being either too broad with low specificity or too restrictive with low sensitivity in patients with LDLT. A new definition of EAD-LDLT (total bilirubin >10 mg/dL, international normalized ratio [INR] > 1.6 and serum urea >100 mg/dL, for five consecutive days after day 7) was derived after doing a multivariate analysis. In receiver operator characteristics analysis, an AUC for EAD-LDLT was 0.86. The calibration and internal cross-validation of the new model confirmed its predictability. The new model of EAD-LDLT, based on total bilirubin >10 mg/dL, INR >1.6 and serum urea >100 mg/dL, for five consecutive days after day 7, has a better predictive value for mortality due to EAD in LDLT recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid phase benzylation (by benzyl chloride) and benzoylation (by benzoyl chloride) of benzene and other aromatic compounds over different Ga- and In-modified Hβ zeolite catalysts at 80 °C have been investigated. An impregnation of the zeolite by oxides or chlorides of Ga and In makes the zeolite highly active in the benzylation process but it results in a decrease in the acidity, particularly the strong acid sites (measured in terms of the ammonia chemisorbed at 250 °C) of the zeolite. Both the redox function, created due to the modification of the Hβ zeolite by Ga or In, and the zeolitic acidity seem to play important role in the benzylation or benzoylation process. Among the different Ga- and In-modified Hβ zeolite catalysts, the In2O3/Hβ showed highest activity for the benzene benzylation. This catalyst also showed high activity for both the benzylation and benzoylation of other aromatic compounds, even in the presence of moisture in the reaction mixture; in case of the benzoylation, the moisture has beneficial effect. The In2O3/Hβ catalyst can be reused in the benzylation for several times. Kinetics of benzene benzylation (using excess of benzene) over the different Ga- and In-modified Hβ zeolite catalysts has also been investigated. A plausible mechanism for the activation of both the reactants (aromatic substrate and benzyl or benzoyl chloride, forming corresponding carbocation) over the catalyst and also for the reaction between the carbocation and the activated and/or non-activated aromatic substrate is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Acylation of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, mesitylene, anisole, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene and methoxynaphthalene) by an acyl chloride (benzoyl chloride, phenylacetyl chloride, propionyl chloride or butyryl chloride) in high yield, in a short reaction period (3 h), even in the presence of moisture in the aromatic substrate or solvent (dichloroethane), can be accomplished at low temperature (80±1°C) using an InCl3 impregnated Si-MCM-41 catalyst in low catalyst concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]