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The article informs about the details of the Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc, to be held On June 20 and 21, 1970, at the Sheraton Chicago Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. Many papers will be presented at this meeting. The paper titled "Ultrastructural Autoradiographic Study of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Maturation In Vivo," informs that tritiated thymidine when injected into lesions of molluscum contagiosum incorporates into DNA of germinative cell nuclei, as well as into cytoplasmic inclusions of infected spinous and granular cells. The paper titled "Antigens of Human Wart Tissue," informs about experimental animal tumors caused by papova viruses contain cellular antigens which relate to tumor rejection.

Applications are being invited for scientific papers to be read before the Section on Dermatology of the American Medical Association meeting on June 20-24, 1971 at Atlantic City, New Jersey. Moreover, there will be two meetings of the Society for Investigative Dermatology Inc. in the year 1971. The spring meeting will be on May 1, 1971 and the thirty-second annual meeting will be held on June 18-20, 1971. The formation of the European Society for Dermatological Research has also been announced. The objective of the society is the promotion of research related to skin and its disease through the application of methods of natural sciences.

The article presents the announcement of a joint meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research from May 17 through May 19, 1972. The purpose of this meeting will be to serve as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research papers. Twelve minutes will be allotted per paper. All presentations must be in English. Simultaneous translation will not be provided. The program will be selected by a joint program committee of the two sponsoring Societies. The article also announces that the Third World Congress of the International Society of Tropical Dermatology will be held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on September 13-18, 1974.

The Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research are holding a joint meeting from May 17-19, 1972 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The purpose of this meeting will be to serve as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research papers. All the presentations in the meeting are required to be in English. Also, the Aspen Conference for Dermatologists, being sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Dermatological Society will be held on July 22, 1971.

1. The characteristics of the Na-K-ATPase of the rhesus monkey palm eccrine sweat gland were studied. The maximal activation concentrations for Na+ and K+ were 200 mM and 40 mM respectively. 2. An attempt was made to estimate the stoichiometric relationship between Na+ flux and ATP hydrolysis by the Na-K-ATPase activity obtained in this study and ATP production estimated from CO2 and lactate production reported in our previous paper (1). Na+/ATP ratios of 3.3 and 3.0 respectively were obtained, which agree well with the usual ratio of 3 found in other transporting epithelia. 3. The distal (straight) duct was isolated and its Na-K-ATPase activity determined. The Na-K-ATPase activity in the distal duct was less than one tenth of that in the sweat gland coil (secretory coil + proximal duct) and thus the role of the distal duct as a site of active sodium transport would be relatively minor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tyrosinase was dissolved from the melanosome fraction of Harding-Passey mouse melanoma and purified further by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified preparation was 763 times as high as that of the original melanosome. Tyrosinase thus isolated showed only a single activity in both the electrophoresis of a polyacrylamide gel and a cellulose acetate. The Km value is the same as those of the original melanosome and the smooth-surfaced-membrane. The relationship between particle bound tyrosinase and solubilized tyrosinase is discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on various public announcements on dermatology. The joint meeting of The Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research will be held from May 17-19, 1972 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The purpose of this meeting is to serve as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research papers. The deadline for submission of abstracts will be November 30, 1971. The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Carmel Skin Club will be held on February 4, 1972 in California.

This paper presents evidence of the production of hyaluronidase by Corynebacterium acnes. In a study of seven random isolates of C. acnes from lesions of cystic acne and from normal skin, hyaluronidase activity ranged from less than one turbidity reducting unit. (TRU) to 72 TRU per mg of extracellular protein. These findings raise the interesting possibility that C. acnes hyaluronidase may play a role in the development of acne by contributing to the inflammatory phase through an increased permeability of the follicular epithelium to free fatty acids and other irritants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immediately after plucking the hairs from a mouse, with its skin in the resting phase of the hair growth cycle, both the labeling index and incorporation levels of ³HTdR are lowered. This depression persists until stimulated cells enter S, usually about 10 hours after plucking. These observations are confirmed using a combination of liquid scintillation and autoradiographic procedures. The dpm per punch of fixed skin, the labeling index of the basal layer, the grains per labeled basal layer cell and the proportion of labeled DNA are all reduced following plucking. The dpm per punch of fresh skin is concomitantly enlarged by plucking through an increase in the fixative-soluble pool, which may be due to the induction of vascular changes. Anesthesia apparently reduces slightly the incorporation levels into fixed unplucked skin. The vascular changes and anesthesia depression of incorporation cannot account for the depression in incorporation into fixed tissue which must be due to a more direct effect on DNA synthesis. The data could be explained on the basis of a reduction in the rate of synthesis combined with a block to entry into S or to progression through S. Using the autoradiographic and liquid scintillation techniques presented in this paper and published previously, a number of calculations were made regarding the proliferative population size in the epidermis and hair follicle. The cycle time for basal layer cells in unplucked skin is estimated to be 141 hours with an upper limit on the growth fraction of 0.92. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information about upcoming conferences in the field of dermatology, published in the June 1, 1972 issue of the "Journal of Investigative Dermatology." The annual joint meeting of the Western Section of the American Federation for Clinical Research, the Western Society for Pediatric Research and the Western Association of Physicians will be held in Carmel, California, from January 31 through February 3, 1973. The Sixth Annual meeting of the Carmel Skin Club will be held in Carmel, California on February 2, 1973. Papers for Presentation are hereby solicited.

Within solid neoplasms. the population of tumor cells and the population of capillary endothelial cells constitute a highly integrated ecosystem. Tumor cells release an endothelial mitogen. Tumor-Angiogenesis-Factor (T.A.F.) which continually stimulates new capillaries to grow into the tumor. When T.A.F. is blocked, neovascularization is prevented and tumor nodules stop expanding at a diameter less than 2.5 mm. They enter a dormant phase because they are forced to live by simple diffusion of nutrients and wastes. Thus "anti-angiogenesis can force a population of tumor cells to become dormant at a tiny diameter. In this paper an analogy is drawn between tumor angiogenesis and the angiogenesis which accompanies psoriasis. if the relationship between psoriatic epithelium and its capillary endothelium turns out to be similar to the integration of capillaries by solid tumors, then "anti-angiogenesis' may eventually become a useful therapeutic approach in psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Subsection of Dermatology of the Western Section of the American Federation for Clinical Research will meet as a part of the annual joint meeting of the Western Section of the American Federation for Clinical Research, the Western Society for Pediatric Research and the Western Association of Physicians, in Carmel, California, from January 31 through February 3, 1973. This Subsection of Dermatology is recognized and supported by the Society for Investigative Dermatology as a regional meeting of the Society. Papers for presentation at this meeting are hereby solicited. Dermatologists who wish to present a paper at this meeting but who are not members of one of the three parent organizations can without difficulty usually find a member to sponsor their presentation.

The subsection of Dermatology of the western section of the American Federation of Clinical Research will meet as a part of annual joint meeting of the Western Section of the American Federation for Clinical Research, the Western Society for Pediatric Research and Wester Association of Physicians in California, from January 31 to February 3, 1973. Papers for presentation at this meeting are hereby solicited. Dermatologists, who wish to present a paper at this meeting but who are not members of one of three parent organizations can usually find a member to sponsor their presentation.

An in vitro method of culturing dermatophytic spores on stratum corneum alone is described. The stratum corneum is stripped onto a translucent adhesive tape and fixed to a microscope slide. Spores are applied and the tape is incubated under controlled conditions. The technique has been made semiquantitative and applied to the study of a topical anti- fungal agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of stratum corneum in vivo by cellophane tape stripping is a traumatic procedure, as evidenced by considerable acute erythema. This may render the skin less suitable for subsequent experimentation. Hydration of the stratum corneum by occlusion under a water-saturated patch for 24 hours prior to stripping greatly facilitates the procedure. Removal is accomplished with less force, and with about ⅓ the number of strippings ordinarily required. Also, there is usually less erythema than after stripping of dry skin. Why hydration should loosen stratum corneum cells from each other is not known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information about the research papers that will be presented at the spring meeting of The Society for Investigative Dermatology Inc. that will be held on April 27-28, 1973 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Cathepsin D (CD), one of the major lysosomal proteinases, has been identified in rabbit skin. Extracts of skin were capable of degrading hemoglobin, at pH 3.2, to peptides that are soluble in trichioracetic acid. This activity was blocked by the CD inhibitor pepstatin and was eluted from a Sephadex G-100 column at a position identical to that of ultimately pure rabbit liver CD. A line of complete identity between crude skin extracts and ultimately pure CD was found in immunodiffusion studies using sheep anti-rabbit CD.

The article presents announcements related to dermatology. There will be two meetings of the Society for Investigative Dermatology Inc., in 1974. The first meeting will be on May 4, 1974 at the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, Atlantic City, New Jersey. There will be a series of workshops on the preceding evening, and the dermatology sections of the American Federation for Clinical Research and the American Society for Clinical Investigation will be held on the day following our meeting. The American Academy of Dermatology Residents' Forum session is open and awards will be given to the resident who shall be adjudged to give the most outstanding paper in this Forum.

The anatomy and development of mammary tissue and the physiology of lactation show many similarities and significant differences among various mammalian species. Although the mammary glands are skin organs whose significance has been recognized for a long time, there is much new information that is reviewed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various techniques were used to obtain cell cultures from benign and malignant tumors removed from human breasts. Cell suspensions were prepared by trypsinizing finely minced tissue or by the "spilling" technique or Lasfargues and Ozzello, and T-flasks or T-flasks coated with collagen were inoculated. Trypsinized tissue yielded predominantly fibroblastic cultures, whereas those obtained by the "spilling" technique were rich in epithelial cells. The mixed cell populations were separated into pure suspensions by density gradient centrifugation. Most epithelial cell cultures grew best when they were collected by the "spilling" technique and inoculated into collagen-coated T-flasks with Eagle's medium enriched with 30% fetal calf serum. However, tears developed in the collagen coat with subsequent peeling which led to the loss of many epithelial cell colonies. Primary epithelial cells did not remain viable for prolonged periods, and attempts to obtain subcultures were unsuccessful. In this Paper the work of several investigators is reviewed and their methods of growing breast tumor cell are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many factors that control mammary gland growth, hormones play a leading role. To assess the importance of each factor on the growth of the gland, different methods have been devised. These methods are complementary hence no method is capable by itself of a total estimate of mammary growth. Fetal growth of the mammary rudiment is influenced by hormonal factors and at the same time (more than at any other stage of mammary growth) by the mesenchyme. A marked characteristic of the fetal period is the establishment of sexual dimorphism. This peculiar phenomenon has been studied in vitro. After birth, the gland falls under the direct control of stimuli from the hypothalamus pituitary axis. By means of its cyclic variations or changes conditioned by conception, growth is induced by pituitary hormones proper (prolactin growth hormone) or via the ovary or the adrenals. Other factors such as diet, age, mesenchyme, and genetic background modulate the action of hormones on the gland. The action of all these factors is examined in this paper throughout the life of different mammals, from the prepuberal stage, through adult nulliparous life, gestation, the maximal growth induced by the hormonal levels of lactation, and in regression (produced alter hormone removal). In vivo and in vitro studies have been correlated in demonstrate which of the stimuli induce mammary cell replication and growth in the preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the constituents of milk are unbiquitous biochemical compounds and others are unique products of the mammary gland. Lactose, the distinctive milk disaccharide, caseins, a group of phosphoproteins, and fat are present in nearly all milks that have been examined and the pathways involved in their biosynthesis are discussed in this paper. Milks of various species differ quantitatively in the proportions of their principal constituents. These differences suggest phylogenetic grouping and undoubtedly reflect evolutionary divergence. The extent to which this divergence has been affected by the nutritive requirements of the young, by the dietary sources of the lactating female, and by various other environmental factors has not been completely clarified. Evolutionary divergence is also evident in the composition and amino acid sequences of several families of milk proteins. The relationship between such differences and the function of these proteins has not yet been elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents news and information related to dermatology. It states that the twelve dermatological residents will compete in December 1974 for the Fifth Henry W. Stelwagon Prize presented by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia to "the resident who shall be adjudged to give the most outstanding paper" at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology. The Stelwagon Prize stems from an endowment bequeathed to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia by Henry Weightman Stelwagon, who was the first teacher of Dermatology at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Immunofluorescent studies are currently being done on patients with pemphigus, pemphigoid, dermatitis, lupus erythematosus and its variants, the cutaneous prophyrias, scarring alopecia, erosive mouth lesions, light-sensitive disorders, and cutaneous vasculitis. In this paper I shall review some of the recent advances in immunopathology and report the results that have been obtained in our laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some patients with mycosis fungoides atypical cells ("mycosis cells") are found in the blood. Recently the T-cell membrane characteristics of these atypical cells have been described. In this paper the results of a study of the atypical cells isolated from the lymph nodes and the skin lesions of three patients with mycosis fungoides are presented. Using electron microscopy, it could be demonstrated that the atypical cells formed rosettes with uncoated sheep red blood cells, but not with antibody-complement-coated sheep erythrocytes, indicating the T-cell membrane characteristics of the atypical cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost from the beginning, each of the annual symposia on the Biology of Skin has been devoted to a single subject. The format has been fairly rigid: the first paper introduces the chosen subject, which is then discussed in detail in subsequent manuscripts. However, the purpose of this twenty-fifth symposium is not to pour over one cell, one organ, or one mechanism. Commemorating as it does a quarter of a century of biomedical research that was stimulated to adulthood by one man, this symposium marks a 25th anniversary and stands as a monumental tribute to biologist William Montagna.

The successful treatment of psoriasis with folic acid antagonists during the past 25 years has led to extensive research in the areas of cytokinetics and chemotherapy. In this paper we shall review selected aspects of these topics relevant to the treatment of psoriasis. The effectiveness of methotrexate treatment of psoriasis can be related to both the hyperproliferative cytokinetics of psoriasis and an increased biochemical sensitivity of psoriatic epidermal cells to this drug. Future research goals in chemotherapy of psoriasis include (a) optimizing drug schedules for available drugs; (b) identifying other susceptible biochemical points of selective drug attack; (c) identifying secondary advantages in order to facilitate selective drug action in psoriasis, such as ultraviolet light therapy in combination with a systemic drug; and (d) developing topically effective chemotherapeutic agents. Approaches. to research on topical therapy are reviewed with specific reference to animal testing models for psoriasis and percutaneous penetration of topically applied agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was the aim of these studies to determine whether the presence of intracellular melanin quantitatively alters the rate of production of thymine dimers in DNA of irradiated cells in culture. Pigmented and nonpigmented Cloudman mouse melanoma cells were selected assuming that the two cell lines differ primarily in their content of melanin pigment. Cells were cultivated in tritiated thymine in order to label their DNA and were then exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (260 nm, 500-2000 ergs/mm²). Neither cell line survived these doses of irradiation. DNA was extracted immediately following irradiation and was subjected to acid hydrolysis. The presence of thymine dimers was determined by two-dimensional paper chromatography. The percent of labeled thymine recovered as thymine dimer was calculated and was found to be a linear function of UV dose for both cell lines. The rate of formation of dimers in the nonpigmented cells was nearly twice that in the pigmented cells. These data demonstrate the photoprotective property of intracellular melanin in shielding isolated cells from one type of photomediated injury to DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the symposium to be held on December 7, 1976, at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, at the Palmer House, Chicago, Illinois in association with The Society for Investigative Dermatology Inc. Oral psoraleri photochemotherapy (PUVA) has been used for over two years in the treatment of psoriasis with good results. Because sunlight or artificial UVB is sometimes beneficial to patients with eczema, the effect of PUVA on eczema has been investigated.

Fifty-two children, age 5-10, from acne-prone families, were studied for a period of 1 year to examine the interrelationship between sebum, acne, pubertal development, and urinary steroid excretion. In each of the subjects, 30 boys and 22 girls, the composition of forehead skin lipid was determined 4 times yearly by thin-layer chromatography, with measurement of triglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters. Twice yearly, examination was made of the presence or absence of acne, pubertal maturation and the 24-hour urinary excretion of testosterone as determined by radioimmunoassay, and of total 17-ketosteroids, dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, and etiocholanolone, as determined by paper chromatography. The relative amount of sebaceous lipids was positively correlated with age of the subjects (wax esters p < .001, squalene p < .05), as was the triglyceride-diglyceride component (p < .05). No significant correlation was seen with the fatty acids. Acne, primarily comedonal, occurred in 27/52 subjects (15 girls, 12 boys) and was associated with higher sebum values. One-half of the children with acne had no signs of pubertal development. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the relative amount of sebaceous lipid and the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids, androsterone, and etiocholanolone in both sexes, and of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in boys. The development of acne in children is an early pubertal event, often evident before other signs of pubertal maturation, and it is associated with an increase in sebum and in the urinary excretion of androgenic steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a research conference of the European Society for Comparative Skin Biology, that will be take place at the University College Hospital Medical School, University of London, England from September 19-22, 1978. The meeting will include papers on the cell structure and function, permeability and barrier function, and control mechanisms. There will be discussion group sessions on mucogenesis, cell growth and proliferation, and keratinization.

Langerhans cells constitute a minor cell population within the mammalian epidermis. This paper defines these cells immunologically and functionally and supports the concept that Langerhans cells are closely related to cells from the monocyte-macrophage-histiocyte series. Both cell types bear surface receptors for Fc-IgG and C3 and express surface glycoproteins, termed Ia antigens, encoded for by immune-response genes (Ir genes) of the major histocompatibility complex of the species. The expression of Ia antigens by Langerhans cells and macrophages is intimately associated with important functions of both cell types, including the capacity to present immunologically relevant antigen to the T lymphocyte and to cause proliferation to allogeneic T lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basophilic leukocytes constitute a significant proportion of the cellular infiltrates in many forms of delayed-in-onset hypersensitivity reactions in human beings, guinea pigs, and other animals. In this paper, I review current information on the role of basophils in the reactions, and present similarities and differences between Jones-Mote and classic delayed hypersensitivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article givesa information on proceedings of the First International Workshop on Vitiligo. The first International Workshop on Vitiligo was held at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, on March 3-4, 1977. Dermatologists and pigment cell biologists from several countries gathered to share their ideas on vitiligo, to review known facts about the disease and its treatment, and to make recommendations for further investigations.The first series of papers dealt with the biology of pigment cells and the relationship of cell function to vitiligo. Vitiligo as a disease process deserves to be studied vigorously because current therapy is far from successful and because the disorder is a major problem for affected persons.

This article presents information about developments in the field of dermatology, published in the March 1,1979 issue of the journal "Journal of Investigative Dermatology." The International Society of Tropical Dermatology is organizing its fourth World Congress to be held at New Orleans, Louisiana in October 1979. The congress will feature its customary memorial medal and award for outstanding research presented in a paper on Dermatology or Dermatology-related ecology.

It is proposed to hold a Symposium on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin in Iceland in May 1980. Those wishing to attend the meeting who has them been involved in research in the relevant subject are invited to submit short papers. The meeting is intended for dermatologists in training but biologists and other scientists interested in the function and disorders of the skin are very welcome.

Werner's syndrome is commonly regarded as a model for the study of premature aging. There are, however, a variety of clinical and pathologic anatomical features that clearly distinguish it from aging in normal individuals. In this paper we report on in vitro cytogenetic and cell fusion studies that indicate cultured fibroblast-like cells derived from Werner patients differ from cells of normal donors. Despite these discordances with "natural" aging, however, Werner's syndrome, like several other "segmental progeroid syndromes," may prove useful for the investigation of selected aspects of the aging process and of age-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that the 1980 Annual Meeting of the European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR) will he held in the RAI Congrescentrurn, Amsterdam, on May 12-14, 1980. Attendance at scientific sessions will be open to all members, contributors and guests. It further says that non-members who wish to present a paper may submit an abstracts and that they will he invited to attend the meeting as either contributors or guests.

The article presents information regarding the annual meeting of European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR), to be held from May 12 to 14, 1980. The meeting is to be held at the RAI Congrescentrum in Amsterdam. Attendance at scientific sessions will be open to all members, contributors and guests. Nonmembers who wish to present a paper may submit an abstract. They will be invited to attend the meeting as either contributors or guests. Abstracts should be presented on the official form. The deadline for submission of abstracts is provided.

This article announces that the 2nd International Conference of the European Society for Comparative Skin Biology will be held at the August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen August 25-28, 1980. Papers will be accepted on skin structure and function, transport and barrier function, dermo-epidermal interactions, proliferation, differentiation, and cuticular biology.

Mononuclear phagocytes participate in various stages of chronic inflammatory responses and associated diseases. Such participation is mediated by (a) direct inter- action with pericellular interstitial tissue components as well as with other cell types present at sites of inflammation and (b) by secretion of soluble mediators. Several of these mediators are synthesised and secreted in in- creased amounts after macrophages interact with inflammatory stimuli. In this paper we pay particular attention to neutral proteinases and prostaglandins. It is shown that these 2 classes of mediators are released in significant amounts under different conditions. Prostaglandins are synthesised most readily by resident populations of mouse peritoneal macrophages responding to various model inflammatory stimuli. Mouse peritoneal macrophage populations elicited in vivo by inflammatory stimuli are less responsive in this respect. In contrast neutral proteinase secretion does not occur in resident cell populations but is observed on a continuous basis in elicited populations. Such secretion can be increased further by addition of phagocytic stimuli and initiated in resident populations by model inflammatory stimuli such as phorbol myritate acetate. Other secretory products of macrophages with possible relevance to inflammation are discussed briefly. Finally some of the effects of antiinflammatory glucocorticoids, cyclooxygenase inhibitors and dapsone on the secretory activity of macrophages are briefly summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ornithine decarboxylase which forms putrescine by the decarboxyalation of ornithine, is the first and probably the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the other polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity is greatly elevated in response to tumor promoting agents and ultraviolet light. The purpose of this paper is to report modification of ultraviolet-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by antiinflammatory agents. Topical triamcinolone acetonide and indomethacin were found to significantly inhibit the UV-B induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase in hairless mice when applied following ultraviolet light irradiation. The corticosteroid also showed inhibition of ultraviolet light increased epidermal DNA synthesis. Indomethacin failed to show any inhibition of DNA synthesis. It is suggested that these assays may be used to study drugs that may modulate some ultraviolet light effects on the epidermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the two discoveries by which researcher Paul Langerhans achieved immortality is well known. He was just 21 when, in 1868, his paper "Ueber die Nerven der Menschhchen Haut" was published. It described a short project in which he had stained human skin by the gold chloride method invented by his teacher, Cohnheim, and discovered the perplexing nonpiginentary dendritic cells which carry his name. His second discovery, much better known to medical science, was that of the "islet" cells of the pancreas During the summer of 1867 and then, after a gap of about a year, from the autumn of 1868, Paul pursued studies for his doctorate in medicine at the Berlin Pathological Institute, during which time he developed a close friendship with Rudolf Virchow.

This article recognizes the work done by Paul Langerhans in the field of investigative dermatology. At the age of 21 Paul published two papers, which described a short project in which he had stained human skin by the gold chloride method invented by his teacher, Cohnheim, and discovered the perplexing nonpiginentary dendritic cells which now carry his name. His second discovery, much better known to medical science, was that of the "islet" cells of the pancreas. During the summer of 1867 and then, after a gap of about a year, from the autumn of 1868, Paul pursued studies for his doctorate in medicine at the Berlin Pathological Institute, during winch time he developed a close friendship with Rudolf Virchow.