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Lung cancer is the foremost diagnosed cancer in men and the second most common cancer worldwide, highlighting the need for new treatment strategies. In the current study, AgZnO bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with average size of 11 nm were successfully synthesized using Salvia officinalis (SO) extract. The as-synthesized AgZnO NPs were characterized by several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The distribution of AgZnO nanoparticle curve was ranged from 10 to 20 nm, and the average particle diameter size was approximately 15.6 ± 4.3 nm with zeta potential value of −31.1 ± 5.2 mV. Also, the EDX technique revealed that the weight percentage for Zn, O, and Ag was 5.9 %, 3.6 %, and 90.5 %, respectively. The cytotoxicity of AgZnO NPs was assessed against A549 lung cancer cells and human non-tumorigenic lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The as-synthesized AgZnO NPs showed biocompatibility with heathy cells, while they showed high cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells. In addition, AgZnO NPs demonstrated higher cytotoxicity compared to AgNPs synthesized by SO extract, indicating the synergistic effect between Ag and ZnO in the structure of bimetallic nanoparticle. The percentage of apoptosis and necrosis for SO extract was 11.6 % (3.69 % early apoptosis and 8.07 % late apoptosis) and 2.79 %, respectively. On the other hand, the apoptosis and necrosis percentage for AgZnO NPs was 29.74 % (5.04 % early apoptosis and 24.7 % late apoptosis) and 9.09 %, respectively. The high cytotoxicity effect was found through apoptosis, owing to upregulation of proapoptotic genes (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, P21, and BAX) and downregulation of antiapoptotic and migration genes (BCL2, cyclin E, cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9) in A549 cells. In addition, the A549 cells treated with AgZnO NPs illustrated lower migration ability compared to those treated with S. officinalis extract, indicating the role of AgZnO NP in cytotoxicity. Also, arrested cells during sub-G1 phase increased significantly after treatment with AgZnO NPs compared to SO extract (p

There has been a dramatic change in everyday life due to COVID-19 around the world. The lockdowns, closure of schools and universities, and the loss of jobs has placed a lot of pressure on the family, particularly women. One of the main outcomes of the pandemic in Jordan has been the increase in the workload of women outside and inside the home. Despite the efforts made to empower women throughout the years, they continue to struggle and gender inequality remains overlooked and even normalized in Jordanian society. The aim of the study is to unfold the way Covid- 19 has disrupted women's lives and made gender equality less achievable, and explore the challenges they have faced in terms of the added paid and unpaid work they have been forced to do during the pandemic and to this end, in-depth interviews were carried out with 20 working mothers who were selected using purposive sampling. The study is largely informed by feminist standpoint theory whose main concern is the female voice and making it a valuable instrument in the process of knowledge production. The findings show that most women suffered from traditionally prescribed gender roles imposed by society, pressure and discrimination at work, and a lack of understanding and empathy at home and the workplace. Very few shared responsibilities with their husbands and their burdens with coworkers and employers, and an even smaller number was able to use the pandemic to their advantage and found ways to regain female power and self-assertion. The findings indicate that serious changes in policies need to be made to protect women's rights at work and in the domestic world, and the institution of marriage reconstructed within the Jordanian imaginary, and gender roles redefined.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontomas (AFOs), cemento-ossifying fibromas (COFs), and giant cell granulomas (GCGs) represent mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesions found most often in the mandible [1,2,3,4,6,7]. Though there have been reported cases documenting associations of hybrid COFs and GCGs, there have been no reported cases documenting hybrid AFOs and cemento-ossifying fibromas. The following report presents a unique case of the development of an AFO in combination with a COF and a GCG in the mandible of an 8-year-old male. This combination has not yet been described in the literature, and the purpose of this case report is to highlight the presentation of and review the clinical features and treatment recommendations for this combined lesion.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death; by the time it is diagnosed, the patient is usually in late-stage grade IV. Late-stage lung cancer is mainly associated with metastasis in the liver, brain, and lymphoid tissues; as a result, a localized lung cancer treatment remains meaningless. Early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be curable or will improve the survival rate. Although with advanced developments to screen high-risk patients by LDCT scan, false-positive rates and limited resolution necessitated the development of advanced diagnostic techniques for NSCLC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells freely circulate in the blood and contain various transmembrane proteins, and they may be a non-invasive biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Current studies predict that the CD91 marker in EVs may be a potential biomarker of NSCLC; however, the expression of CD91 in lung cancer tissues is not fully known. Here, this study determines the differential expression of CD91 in lung cancer cells and in circulating EVs in blood as a potential biomarker of NSCLC patients. Our results confirmed the expression of CD91 in NCI–H1975 cultured cells and NSCLC lung biopsy tissues. Furthermore, biophysical characterization of EVs from lung cancer cells determines the substantial expression of CD91, which the Transmission Electron Microscope confirms. Thus, this study suggests EVs containing CD91 could be an asset to studying the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC disease.

This study aims to examine the problem of sampling interval selection for the precision agriculture using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The Wireless Sensor Networks is introduced for limited energy sensor nodes and deployed in an agricultural farm, which is divided into a number of heterogeneous agricultural areas. A Variable Sampling Interval Precision Agriculture (VSI-PA) system is proposed to measure and monitor the agricultural parameters for appropriate agricultural activities e.g. water irrigation. At every time step, the sensor nodes are selected for each area to sense the soil moisture and temperature. After that, a variable sampling interval is calculated independently for each individual area, according to the soil temperature of the area. Analysis of simulation results show that, compared with other fixed sampling interval schemes, the proposed VSI-PA system provides a significant improvement in energy consumption while maintaining a small variation of the soil moisture regardless of the values of soil temperature. Therefore, the crop yields have been enhanced. Keywords: Variable sampling interval, Energy-efficient, Irrigation system, Precision agriculture, Wireless sensor networks

Soft tissue myofibromas of the head and neck are relatively common lesions diagnosed within the first two decades of life; however, these myofibromas are rarely found to affect the jaw bones. Myofibromas that do develop within the bone are referred to as intraosseous myofibromas (IM). A thorough search and review of the literature has found only five cases of IM impacting the mandible of an adult patient. The current case report describes a myofibroma impacting the right posterior mandible in a 44-year-old male patient with no previous history of pathology or surgery within the affected area. Histologic examination of the incisional biopsy specimen revealed a proliferation of spindle cells, and the spindle cells showed positivity for SMA on immunohistochemical staining supporting the diagnosis of myofibroma. The final pathology results of the subsequent composite resection of the lesion yielded a 1.5cm myofibroma that was < 1mm from the nearest bone/soft tissue edge; the resection margin was uninvolved by tumor. The purpose of this case report is to present the sixth case of IM of the mandible of an adult patient and to review the pertinent radiographic and clinical features, and necessary methods for diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity.

Secretory carcinoma (SC), formerly known as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC), is a rare salivary gland tumor that was first described by Skalova et al., in 2010 [1]. Thirty-two cases of SC involving the lips have been reported in the literature. The current report describes a case of SC discovered in the upper lip of a 20-year-old-female. The lesion was excised, and the pathology report returned as SC with positive margins. One month later, the patient was treated with radical excision of the lesion with 1cm margins, and the pathology report described SC of the inner aspect of the right side of the upper lip that was unifocal, 0.3cm in size with a 3mm depth of invasion. The margins were uninvolved by the invasive tumor, and the distance from the closest margin was at least 5mm to the deep margin. No lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion was identified. The tumor cells were positive for mammaglobin, S100, and GATA-3. The purpose of this report is to highlight the presentation and review the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of SC. Our aim is to add to the existing body of literature and present an extremely rare case of SC of the upper lip.

Objective: Following the launch of the TKI's (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) for the treatment of CML, establishing its significant control over the disease, other dimensions have emerged in regard to the safety of treatment, particularly the effect on Male fertility and fatherhood. This study was conducted to review the real-life data on the effect of TKI on the fertility of male patients in the National Center of cancer care and research (NCCCR) in Qatar. Case report: Inclusion Criteria: Male patient diagnosed with CML, in Chronic or accelerated phase; 18 years of age or older and actively receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors including (Imatinib, dasatinib,nilotinib) with the following: -Patients with no known issues with regards to fertility, (fertility is intact) Patients who developed fertility issues after the diagnosis of CML and starting TKI's. has been evaluated by an andrologist, and his evaluation concluded its TKI related. Methodology: A single-center study conducted a mixed-design study by phone interviews with CML male patients in the Chronic or accelerated phase, being followed up in NCCCR (national center for cancer care and research), evaluating the effect of Imatinib, Dasatinib, nilotinib, on their fertility whether they are taking it as first, a second, or third line of treatment. Results: 150 patients were interviewed to be included in the study, 22 patients had concerns related to medications safety and possible transmission of the disease, 33 patients had their families completed by the time of diagnosis. 26 patients have met the inclusion criteria, offspring's total number was 43, 97.6% were full-term, had a normal delivery, and normal average weight at delivery. No stillbirths, fetal demise, or congenital anomaly were reported. All offspring had normal development and growth. Conclusion: Around 98% of male CML patients taking imatinib, Dasatinib, Nilotinib had their offspring born normally with no delivery complications noted, all had no congenital anomaly had normal growth and development, and no CML-related cancers were diagnosed. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to shed light on the TKI outcome on fatherhood in CML patients.

Objective: The evidence guiding VTE management in SCD, specifically in terms of anticoagulant choice, is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review that evaluates the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in SCD with VTE. Methodology: We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the English literature (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar) for randomized controlled trials, observational studies, reviews, case series, and case reports for patients with SCD treated with DOAC for thromboembolic disease. Results: The current data demonstrated that the use of DOACs for VTE in SCD has similar effectiveness in the prevention of VTE recurrence in comparison to other anticoagulants, including VKAs and injectable anticoagulants with a better safety profile. However, given the absence of clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of VTE among patients with SCD, the clinical practice guidelines recommendations for VTE treatment can be applied to patients with SCD. Conclusion: In view of the current evidence and based on the results observed; using DOACs was associated with lesser bleeding incidence and fewer complications comparing to VKAs. We think it is rational to use DOACs for VTE treatment among patients with SCD rather than use VKAs.

Objective: Radioactive iodine (RAI) with I131 has an established role in managing differentiated thyroid carcinoma, namely papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma. However, concerns have been raised about its possible carcinogenic effects. Papers of t-CML following I131 are increasingly reported, and thus this review is dedicated to highlighting it. Methodology: All reports from the 1960s to date related to CML following RAI therapy were searched on Google Scholar and PubMed. Different search terms with Boolean function to search for the relevant articles. Results: We identified ten articles reporting 12 cases, as presented in table 1. We found that most of the reports were for men (8/12) under the age of 60 years (10/12), and the primary tumor was of PTC characteristics (5/12 were PTC, and 3/12 were mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma). The dose of I131 ranged between 30 millicuries (mCi) to 850 mCi; the mean dose was 331 mCi. Also, t-CML developed within the first ten years (9/12), mainly between 4-7 years post-exposure. Conclusion: A few reports found a statistically significant increased risk of leukemia following RAI therapy; some suggested a relative risk of 2.5 for I131 vs. no I131. Observed findings from these studies include a linear relationship between the cumulative dose of I131 and the risk of leukemia, doses higher than 100 mCi were associated with a greater risk of developing secondary leukemia, and most of the leukemias developed within the initial ten years of exposure.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate fertility in the Philadelphia-negative MPN male patients and the effect of treatment received on male fertility and the outcome. Methodology: This is a single-center, mixed-design study (retrospective + phone interviews) conducted within the National Center for Cancer Care and Research. Results: 120 patients were interviewed, only 19 patients (15.7%) had met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients had lost follow-up or cannot be contacted, and 29.1% of patients had their families completed by the time of diagnosis. The treatment received includes hydroxyurea, interferon, and ruxolitinib. The mode of delivery was normal vaginal delivery in 68% of the pregnancies. The total number of conceptions was 27; three stillbirths were reported. Conclusion: The data showed that most MPN male patients on treatment had their offspring born normally with no delivery complications, no reported congenital anomaly or growth retardation, and no report of MPN-related cancers. Though, further studies with a larger sample size are required to fully understand the effect of medications on the outcome of fatherhood in Philadelphia negative MPN patients.

Although non-ossifying fibromas (NOFs) occur relatively commonly in the metaphysis of long bones, NOFs in the jaw bones (mandible and maxilla) is quite rare. After conducting a thorough search of the literature, twenty-five total cases involving NOF in the jaw bones were found. The current report describes a case of NOF discovered in the left mandibular condyle of an 11-year-old-female with a previously treated odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) of the ipsilateral side of the mandible. The patient was treated with transcervical removal of the left condylar head lesion with extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (EVRO) extracorporealization, plating and bone grafting. Microscopic examination of the specimen demonstrated a hypercellular mass composed of spindled cells arranged in a storiform pattern with scattered osteoclast-type giant cells. The dimensions of the gross specimen were 1.5 x 0.8 x 0.7-cm. This is the fifth case reported of condylar head NOF and the first reported case of metachronous OKC and NOF of the ipsilateral mandible. The purpose of this report is to present a unique case of NOF coincident with an ipsilateral OKC of the mandible and to review the radiographic and clinical features of the NOF in the jaws.

Objective: To investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular first and second premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in a Saudi population. Methods: CBCT images of 707 patients, number of roots and canal configuration were identified and categorized according to Vertucci classification. Bilateral symmetry and association between gender and number of roots, as well as gender and root canal configuration were investigated. Results: Majority of the patients had one root and type I root canal configuration in mandibular first (96.4%) and second premolar (95.6%). All types of canal configurations were observed except Type VII for the mandibular first premolar, and Types VI and VII for the mandibular second premolar. High degree of bilateral symmetry was seen in both mandibular first and second premolars in terms of the number of roots and canal configuration; 93.8% and 97.8%, respectively. There was an association between gender and number of roots (P = 0.04) and gender and root canal configuration in mandibular first premolar (P = 0.030). Conclusions: Single-root with type I canal configuration was the most prevalent of mandibular premolars in the Saudi population. However, incidence of more than one root with different canal configurations was detected. Keywords: Root canal morphology, Cone-beam computed tomography, Gender, Mandibular premolars

The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) and its translational regulator – the tripartite leader (TPL) sequence – can actively drive efficient gene expression during adenoviral infection. However, both elements have not been widely tested in transgene expression outside of the adenovirus genome context. In this study, we tested whether the combination of MLP and TPL would enhance transgene expression beyond that of the most widely used promoter in transgene expression in mammalian cells, the cytomegalovirus immediate early (CMVie) promoter/enhancer. The activity of these two regulatory elements was compared in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although transient expression was significantly higher under the control of the CMVie promoter/enhance compared to the MLP/TPL, this difference was greater at the level of transcription (30 folds) than translation (11 folds). Even with adenovirus infection to provide additional elements (in trans), CMVie promoter/enhancer exhibited significantly higher activity relative to MLP/TPL. Interestingly, the CMVie promoter/enhancer was 1.9 folds more active in adenovirus-infected cells than in non-infected cells. Our study shows that the MLP-TPL drives lower transgene expression than the CMVie promoter/enhancer particularly at the transcription level. The data also highlight the utility of the TPL sequence at the translation level and/or possible overwhelming of the cellular translational machinery by the high transcription activity of the CMVie promoter/enhancer. In addition, here we present data that show stimulation of the CMVie promoter/enhancer by adenovirus infection, which may prove interesting in future work to test the combination of CMVie/TPL sequence, and additional adenovirus elements, for transgene expression.

Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma, although first reported as early as 1980s, remains a very rare lung disease. There have been less than 20 cases reported to date. Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma usually has an indolent course, but it could potentially result in morbidity and mortality. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis because it is essential to rule out other possibilities including malignancy.

Unlabelled: Wandering or ectopic spleen is a condition characterised by migration of spleen in the abdomen or pelvis. This anomaly is rare, with a reported incidence of <0.2%. It occurs mostly in women between 20 and 40years of age. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because of lack of precise signs, symptoms, and nonspecific laboratory data. Diagnosis of a wandering spleen highly depends on the results of imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scanning. Treatment includes surgery with the choice between splenopexy in a noninfarcted spleen and splenectomy when infarction has occurred. We report a rare case of wandering spleen in a 27-year-old man with infarction due to torsion of its pedicle, which was diagnosed by CT and treated by splenectomy., Conclusion: Despite the rarity of wandering spleen, the possibility of torsion of its long pedicle with acute splenic infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen., (Copyright © 2016 Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)