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1. Superior mechanical resistance in the exoskeleton of the coconut crab, Birgus latro

Author

T. Inoue, T. Hara, K. Nakazato, and S. Oka

Subjects
Biomineralization, Tissue structure, Crustacean cuticle, Nanoindentation, Structure-property relations, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The hierarchical tissue structure that can balance the lightweight and strength of organisms gives hints on the development of biologically inspired materials. The exoskeleton of the coconut crab, Birgus latro, which is the largest terrestrial crustacean, was systematically analyzed using a materials science approach. The tissue structures, chemical compositions, and mechanical properties of the claw, walking legs, cephalothorax, and abdomen were compared. The local mechanical properties, hardness(H) and stiffness(E), were examined by nanoindentation testing. The stacking height, Sh, of the twisted plywood structure observed only in the exocuticle, the exoskeleton thickness, and the thickness and compositions at each layer differed significantly by body part. The exocuticle is strongly mineralized regardless of body parts. The claw and walking legs were thicker than the cephalothorax and abdomen, and their endocuticle was mineralized as compared to the endocuticle in the cephalothorax and abdomen. The H and Sh had a correlation in the exocuticle layer, and the H increased with decreasing the Sh. On the H−E map for abrasion resistance of materials, the results showed that the exocuticle layer of the coconut crab was superior to that of other arthropods and all engineering polymers and competitive with the hardest metallic alloys.

Published
2021
Full Text
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2. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. Shin, J.S. Park, H.K. Park, S.-J. Han, J.H. Sung, J.-G. Cho, G.-B. Nam, Y.K. On, H.E. Lim, J.J. Kwak, T.-J. Cha, T.J. Hong, S.H. Park, J.H. Yoon, N.-H. Kim, K.-S. Kim, B.C. Jung, G.-S. Hwang, C.-J. Kim, D.B. Kim, J.J. Ahn, H.J. An, H. Bae, A.L. Baek, W.J. Chi, E.A. Choi, E.H. Choi, H.K. Choi, H.S. Choi, S. Han, E.S. Heo, K.O. Her, S.W. Hwang, E.M. Jang, H.-S. Jang, S. Jang, H.-G. Jeon, S.R. Jeon, Y.R. Jeon, H.K. Jeong, I.-A. Jung, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Hyun Ju Kim, Ji Seon Kim, Jung Sook Kim, J.A. Kim, K.T. Kim, M.S. Kim, Sang Hee Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Y.-I. Kim, C.S. Lee, E.H. Lee, G.H. Lee, H.Y. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, K.H. Lee, K.R. Lee, M.S. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, R.W. Lee, S.E. Lee, S.H. Lee, S. Lee, W.Y. Lee, I.K. Noh, A.R. Park, B.R. Park, H.N. Park, J.H. Park, M. Park, Y. Park, S.-Y. Seo, J. Shim, J.H. Sim, Y.M. Sohn, W.S. Son, Y.S. Son, H.J. Song, H.K. Wi, J.J. Woo, S. Ye, K.H. Yim, K.M. Yoo, E.J. Yoon, S.Y. Yun, P. Angchaisuksiri, S. Chawanadelert, P. Mongkolwongroj, K. Kanokphatcharakun, S. Cheewatanakornkul, T. Laksomya, S. Pattanaprichakul, T. Chantrarat, S. Rungaramsin, S. Silaruks, W. Wongcharoen, K. Siriwattana, K. Likittanasombat, P. Katekangplu, W. Boonyapisit, D. Cholsaringkarl, B. Chatlaong, P. Chattranukulchai, Y. Santanakorn, P. Hutayanon, P. Khunrong, T. Bunyapipat, S. Jai-Aue, P. Kaewsuwanna, P. Bamungpong, S. Gunaparn, S. Hongsuppinyo, R. Inphontan, R. Khattaroek, K. Khunkong, U. Kitmapawanont, C. Kongsin, B. Naratreekoon, S. Ninwaranon, J. Phangyota, A. Phrommintikul, P. Phunpinyosak, K. Pongmorakot, S. Poomiphol, N. Pornnimitthum, S. Pumprueg, S. Ratchasikaew, K. Sanit, K. Sawanyawisuth, B. Silaruks, R. Sirichai, A. Sriwichian, W. Suebjaksing, P. Sukklad, T. Suttana, A. Tangsirira, O. Thangpet, W. Tiyanon, Y. Vorasettakarnkij, T. Wisaratapong, W. Wongtheptien, A. Wutthimanop, S. Yawila, A. Oto, A. Altun, I. Ozdogru, K. Ozdemir, O. Yilmaz, A. Aydinlar, M.B. Yilmaz, E. Yeter, Z. Ongen, M. Cayli, H. Pekdemir, M. Ozdemir, M. Sucu, T. Sayin, M. Demir, H. Yorgun, M. Ersanli, E. Okuyan, D. Aras, H. Abdelrahman, O. Aktas, D. Alpay, F. Aras, M.F. Bireciklioglu, S. Budeyri, M. Buyukpapuc, S. Caliskan, M. Esen, M.A. Felekoglu, D. Genc, B. Ikitimur, E.B. Karaayvaz, S. Kılıç Karataş, S. Okutucu, E. Ozcelik, A. Quisi, H. Sag, L. Sahiner, B.Y. Sayin, T. Seker, D. Uzun Alkan, E. Yildirim, R. Yildirim, F. Yilmaz, V. Yuksekdag, H.L. Luciardi, N. Vensentini, A.C. Ingaramo, G.A. Sambadaro, V. Fernandez Caputi, S.G. Berman, P. Dragotto, A.J. Kleiban, N. Centurion, G. Giacomi, R.A. Ahuad Guerrero, D. Conde, G. Zapata, L.A. Di Paola, J.L. Ramos, R.D. Dran, J. Egido, A.A. Fernandez, M.J. Fosco, S. Sassone, V.A. Sinisi, L.R. Cartasegna, M.A. Berli, O.A. Gomez Vilamajo, F. Ferroni, E.D. Alaguibe, A. Alvarez D'Amelio, C. Arabetti, L. Arias, J.A. Belardi, L. Bergesio, F. Berli, M. Berli, S. Borchowiec, C. Buzzetti, R. Cabrini, V. Campisi, A.L. Cappi, R. Carrizo, F. Colombo Berra, J.P. Costabel, O.J.A. Costamagna, A.A. Damonte, I.N. De Urquiza, F. Diez, M.F. Edén, M. Fanuele, F. Fernandez Voena, M. Foa Torres, C. Funosas, M.P. Giacomi, C.H. Gimenez, E.P. Gurfinkel, M. de L.M. Had, V. Hansen, A.D. Hrabar, M. Ingratta, A. Lopez, G. Maehara, L. Maffei, A. Martinelli, C. Martinelli, J. Matkovich, B. Mautner, A. Meirino, R. Munguia, A. Navarro, V. Novas, G. Perez Prados, J. Pontoriero, R.N. Potito, C. Ricotti, M.A. Rodriguez, F. Rolandi, M.E. Said Palladino, M. Salinger, L.S. Sanziani, P.O. Schygiel, A. Sossich, J.F. Tinto, L. Tonelli, A.L. Tufare, M. Vallejo, M.E. Yunis, M. Zillo, F.J. Zurbrigk, A.C.P. Barretto, D.C. Sobral Filho, J. Jaber, D. Armaganijan, J. Faria Neto, A. Steffens, W. Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, J.D. de Souza Neto, J.M. Ribeiro, M. Silveira Teixeira, P.R. Ferreira Rossi, L. Pires, D. Moreira, J.C. Moura Jorge, A. Menezes Lorga Filho, L.C. Bodanese, M. Westerlund Montera, C.H. Del Carlo, T. Da Rocha Rodrigues, F.A. Alves da Costa, A. Lopes, R. Lopes, G.R. Araújo, E.R. Fernandes Manenti, J.F. Kerr Saraiva, J.C. Ferreira Braga, A. Negri, L. Souto, C. Moncada, D. Bertolim Precoma, F. Roquette, G. Reis, R.A. Ramos Filho, E. Lanna Figueiredo, R. Vieira Botelho, C. Munhoz da Fontoura Tavares, C.R. Costantini Frack, J. Abdalla Saad, H.C. Finimundi, C. Pisani, D. Chemello, M. Pereira Martins, C.C. Broilo França, F. Alban, G.B. Aranha Rosito, J.B. de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, R.T. Tumelero, L. Nigro Maia, R. Simões de Almeida, N.C. do Carmo Borges, L.G. Gomes Ferreira, P. Agliardi, J. Alves de Oliveira Gomes, V. Araujo, M. Arruda Nakazone, T. Barbosa, S. Barroso, E. Belisario Falchetto, H. Bellotti Lopes, M.A. Benez Teixeira Lemos, G. Biazus, L. Borges Queiroz, F.E. Camazzola, M. Caporale, S. Cardoso Boscato, F. Chieza, M.O. Chokr, R. Clemente Mingireanov, N. Codonho Góes, C. Correa, M. Costa, C. Costantini Ortiz, L.S. da Silva, F. da Silva Paulitsch, J.A. da Silveira, E. Daros, G.R. de Araújo, M.I. Del Monaco, C. Dias, M.A. Dias, A.P. Drummond Wainstein, P. Ely Pizzato, D.C. Esteves, P. Fabri, T. Félix Lorenzato Fonseca, E. Fernandes, C. Fonseca, C.R. Frack Costantini, R. Franchin Ferraz, F. Freire, P. Gottardo, D. Guanaes, S. Guizzardi, E. Hettwer Magedanz, F. Igansi, F. Jannuzzi, G. Junior, D. Komar, E.G. Lino, D. Lopes, O. Lourenço da Silva Júnior, E. Lustosa, A.P. Macagnan, M.C. Marinho, M. Mazzoni, G. Melo, L. Mortari, O.M.C.C. Mouco, C. Nanzer Vital, C. Ormundo, S. Oss Emmer, E. Palmegiani, R. Pavani, L. Pereira, V.L. Pereira, R. Perreira, S. Poletti, S.C. Quaia Fortunato, C. Queirantes, N. Ramos Pereira, R.L. Rech, S. Ribeiro, A. Rodrigues, H. Roesch, T. Ruaro Reichert, D. Santos, I. Santos, M. Santos, M.V. Seroqui, S. Silva, L. Soares, L. Spolaor, C. Stoll, N. Toazza Duda, L. Trama, B. Unterkircher, M.V. Valois, T. Vargas, T. Viana, C. Vicente, L. Vidal Armaganijan, R. Vieira Homem, L.G. Vieira Torres, L. Vila Boas, F. Villaça Guimarães Filho, R. Corbalan, G. Eggers, C. Bugueño Gutiérrez, G. Arriagada, S. Potthoff Cardenas, B.A.J. Stockins Fernandez, C. Conejeros, C. 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Avena, M. Chavarria, I. Espinosa, F. Flores Silva, R.H. Garcia Nava, K. Godoy, E.J. Gonzalez Felix, C.L. Gonzalez Garcia, L.G. Gonzalez Salas, P. Guajardo, S. Hernandez Gonzalez, T. Izquierdo, M.C. Mancilla Ortiz, D. Martinez Vasquez, N. Mendoza, J. Morales, N. Nikitina, S. Ochoa Aybar, A. Ortiz, P. Padilla Macias, F. Perez, J.A. Perez Sanchez, S. Piña Toledano, M. Ramos Gonzalez, C. Rivera Ramos, V. Roa Castro, G. Romero Cardona, M. Ruiz Cornejo, A. Salinas, G. Santana, P. Sida Perez, A.C. Tovar Castaneda, R. Trujillo Cortes, M. Brodmann, K. Lenz, H. Drexel, J. Foechterle, C. Hagn, A. Podczeck-Schweighofer, K. Huber, M. Winkler, B. Schneeweiß, A. Gegenhuber, W. Lang, S. Eichinger-Hasenauer, P. Kaserer, J. Sykora, H. Rasch, M. Pichler, E. Schaflinger, B. Strohmer, R. Breier, K.-M. Ebner, L. Eischer, F. Freihoff, A. Lischka-Lindner, T. Mark, A. Mirtl, A. Said, C. Stöcklöcker, B. Vogel, A. Vonbank, C. Wöhrer, D. Zanolin, F. Cools, G. Paparella, P. Vandergoten, J.-L. Parqué, L. 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Domenech Borras, A. Elorriaga Madariaga, A. Espallargas, M. Fernandez, E. Fernandez Escobar, E. Fernandez Mas, A. Ferrer, J. Fosch, M. Garcia Bermudez, V. Garcia Millan, M. Gavira Saenz, C. Gines Garcia, C. Gomez, Y. Gomez Perez, A. Gonzales Segovia, P. Gonzalez, L. Grigorian, A. Guerrero Molina, M. del C. Gutierrez del Val, B. Herrero Maeso, E. Hevia Rodriguez, A. Iglesias Garcia, M.J. Jimenez Fernandez, B. Jimeno Besa, P. Juan Salvadores, M.B. Lage Bouzamayor, I. Lasuncion, L.E. Lezcano Gort, M. Llobet Molina, M. Lopez, A. Manzanal Rey, J. Mara Guerra, S. Marcus, A. Martin Vila, M. Martinez Mena, P. Mazon, F. Mendez Zurita, G. Millán, M. Molina, P. Montero Alia, D. Montes, M. Moure Gonzalez, R.B. Munoz Munoz, A. Negrete Palma, H.N. Orellana Figueroa, V.M. Ortega, C. Ortiz Cortes, D. Otero Tomera, N. Palomo Merchan, I. Pareja Ibar, E. Pena Garcia, M. Pereda Armayor, M. Perez Carasa, I. Prieto, V. Quintern, R. Renom, L.M. Rincon Diaz, V. Rios, L. Riquelme Sola, R. Rivera, X. Robiro Robiro, M. Roca, C. Roca Saumell, C. Rodrigo, E. Rodriguez, M. Rodriguez Garcia, S. Saez Jimenez, P. Sanchez Calderon, L. Sanchez Mendez, S. Sanchez Parra, C. Santolaya, M.R. Senan Sanz, A. Seoane Blanco, E. Serralvo, N. Sierra, C. Simon Valero, J. Sorribes Lopez, M. Teixido Fontanillas, M. Terns Riera, G. Tobajas, C. Torres, J. Torres Marques, M. Ubeda Pastor, M. Rosenqvist, A. Wirdby, J. Linden, K. Henriksson, M. Elmersson, A. Egilsson, U. Börjesson, G. Svärd, B. Liu, A. Lindh, L.-B. Olsson, M. Gustavsson, Lars Andersson, Lisbeth Andersson, L. Benson, C. Bothin, A. Hajimirsadeghi, K. Kadir, M. Ericsson, A. Ohlsson, H. Lindvall, P. Svensson, K. Thorne, H. Handel, P. Platonov, B. Eriksson, I. Timberg, K. Romberg, M. Crisby, J.-E. Karlsson, S.A. Jensen, A. Andersson, L. Malmqvist, B. Martinsson, F. Bernsten, J. Engdahl, J. Thulin, A. Hot-Bjelac, P. Stalby, H. Aaröe, E. Ahbeck, H. Ahlmark, F. Al-Khalili, G. Bonkowski, S. Dzeletovic, A.-B. Ekstrand, G.-B. Eriksson, K. Floren, C. Grässjö, S. Hahn, P. Jaensson, B. Jansson, J.-H. Jansson, R.-M. Kangert, A. Koch, D. Kusiak, A. Lettenström, A. Lindberg, C.-J. Lindholm, A. Mannermyr, K. Mansson, M. Millborg, C. Nilsson, A.-M. Ohlin, A. Olofsson, A. Osberg, A. Pedersen, K. Risbecker, K. Rosenberg, J. Samuelsson, M. Shayesteh, K. Skoglund, M. Stjernberg, C. Thorsen, J. Steffel, J.H. Beer, J. Debrunner, D. Amstutz, J. Bruegger, G. Elise, A. Grau, A. Guinand, I. Henriette, E. Saga, S. Winnik, A. Parkhomenko, I. Rudyk, V. Tseluyko, O. Karpenko, S. Zhurba, I. Kraiz, I. Kupnovytska, N. Serediuk, Y. Mostovoy, O. Ushakov, O. Koval, I. Kovalskyi, Y. Svyshchenko, O. Sychov, M. Stanislavchuk, O. Kraydashenko, A. Yagensky, S. Tykhonova, I. Fushtey, R. Belegai, G. Berko, L. Burdeuna, O. Chabanna, I. Daniuk, A. Ivanov, E. Kamenska, P. Kaplan, O. Khyzhnyak, S. Kizim, O. Matova, O. Medentseva, V. Mochonyi, M. Mospan, V. Nemtsova, T. Ovdiienko, O. Palamarchuk, M. Pavelko, R. Petrovskyy, D. Plevak, O. Proshak, S. Pyvovar, L. Rasputina, O. Romanenko, O. Romanova, A. Sapatyi, O. Shumakov, R. Stets, L. Todoriuk, V. Varenov, D. Fitzmaurice, N. Chauhan, D. Goodwin, P. Saunders, R. Evans, J. Leese, P.S. Jhittay, A. Ross, M.S. Kainth, G. Pickavance, J. McDonnell, A. Williams, T. Gooding, H. Wagner, S. Suryani, A. Singal, S. Sircar, R. Bilas, P. Hutchinson, A. Wakeman, M. Stokes, N. Paul, M. Aziz, C. Ramesh, P. Wilson, S. Franklin, S. Fairhead, J. Thompson, V. St Joseph, G. Taylor, D. Tragen, D. Seamark, C. Paul, M. Richardson, A. Jefferies, H. Sharp, H. Jones, C. Giles, M. Page, O. Oginni, J. Aldegather, S. Wetherwell, W. Lumb, P. Evans, F. Scouller, N. Macey, Y. Stipp, R. West, S. Thurston, P. Wadeson, J. Matthews, P. Pandya, A. Gallagher, T. Railton, B. Sinha, D. Russell, J.A. Davies, P. Ainsworth, C.P. Jones, P. Weeks, J. Eden, D. Kernick, W. Murdoch, L. Lumley, R.P. Patel, S.W. Wong, M. Saigol, K. Ladha, K. Douglas, D.F. Cumberlidge, C. Bradshaw, G. Van Zon, K.P. Jones, M.J. Thomas, E. Watson, B. Sarai, N. Ahmad, W. Willcock, J. Cairns, S. Sathananthan, N. de Kare-Silver, A. Gilliland, E. Strieder, A. Howitt, B. Vishwanathan, N. Bird, D. Gray, M. Clark, J. Bisatt, J. Litchfield, E. Fisher, T. Fooks, A.R. Kelsall, E. Alborough, J. Wakeling, M. Parfitt, K. Milne, S. Rogers, R. Priyadharshan, J.L. Oliver, E. Davies, S. Abushal, M. Jacobs, C. Hutton, N.I. Walls, R. Thompson, C. Chigbo, S.M.A. Zaidi, M. Howard, K.C. Butter, S. Barrow, H. Little, I.U. Haq, L. Gibbons, S. Glencross, A.J. McLeod, K. Poland, C. Mulholland, A. Warke, P. Conn, G. Burns, R.N. Smith, S. Lowe, R. Kamath, H.S. Dau, J. Webster, I. Hodgins, S. Vercoe, P.C. Roome, H. Pinnock, J.R.A. Patel, A. Ali, N. Hart, R. Davies, E. Stuart, C.A. Neden, M. Danielsen, R. Heath, P. Sharma, S. Galloway, C. Hawkins, R. Oliver, M. Aylward, S. Mannion, M. Braddick, D. Edwards, A.C. Rothwell, A. Sabir, F. Choudhary, S. Khalaque, A. Wilson, S. Peters, W. Coulson, N. Roberts, A. Heer, S. Coates, B. Ward, D. Jackson, S. Walton, D. Shepherd, M. Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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8. The effect of levofloxacin for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: Results of a randomized, prospective, multicenter study

Author

K. Numakura, M. Kobayashi, T. Ishida, K. Okane, K. Suzuki, N. Shimoda, T. Kumazawa, T. Suzuki, R. Sasaki, H. Fukuda, T. Nara, S. Kanda, M. Huang, M. Saito, S. Narita, T. Inoue, N. Tsuchiya, and T. Habuchi

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2020
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10. The impact of phosphatidylinositol phosphate and its associated enzyme levels on clinical outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent surgery

Author

N.S. Narita, H. Nakanishi, Y. Matsuda, M. Huang, A. Koizumi, A. Kikuchi, R. Sagehashi, T. Nara, S. Kanda, K. Numakura, M. Saito, T. Inoue, S. Satoh, and T. Habuchi

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2020
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12. Perinatal bile acid metabolism: analysis of urinary bile acids in pregnant women and newborns

Author

A Kimura, M Suzuki, T Murai, T Inoue, H Kato, D Hori, Y Nomura, T Yoshimura, T Kurosawa, and M Tohma

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The metabolism of bile acids in 30 pregnant women was evaluated by analyzing the urinary composition of bile acids during late gestation (weeks 30-41) and again in these women and their newborn infants during the first week after delivery. The levels of individual bile acids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after solvolysis and hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates. The mean total bile acid/creatinine ratio in pregnant women decreased from 1.22 micromol/mmol creatinine at 30-32 weeks of gestation to 0.15 micromol/mmol creatinine at 6-7 days after delivery. The mean percentage of 1beta-hydroxylated bile acids peaked at 27﹪ at 3-4 days after delivery. In newborn infants, the mean total bile acid/creatinine ratio rapidly increased from 3.39 micromol/mmol creatinine at birth to 54.33 micromol/mmol creatinine at 7 days. During this period, large amounts (40-50﹪) of unsaturated ketonic bile acids, especially 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-chol-1-en-24-oic acid and 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholen-24-oic acid, were observed in the infants' urine. These data suggest that, during the perinatal period, the formation of polyhydroxylated and unsaturated ketonic bile acids probably represents a mechanism for the excretion of bile salts, and that the metabolism of bile acids in both the mother and the infant changes significantly after birth.

Published
1997
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13. The impact of phosphatidylinositol phosphate and its associated enzyme levels on clinical outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent surgery

Author

T. Inoue, Hiroki Nakanishi, Sohei Kanda, T. Habuchi, Mingguo Huang, Akio Koizumi, Kazuyuki Numakura, Mitsuru Saito, S. Satoh, R. Sagehashi, A. Kikuchi, N.S. Narita, Y. Matsuda, and Taketoshi Nara

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Urology, Phosphate, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, chemistry, Renal cell carcinoma, medicine, In patient, Phosphatidylinositol, business
Published
2020

14. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption and synthesis in rats by sesamin

Author

N Hirose, T Inoue, K Nishihara, M Sugano, K Akimoto, S Shimizu, and H Yamada

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The effects of sesamin, a lignan from sesame oil, on various aspects of cholesterol metabolism were examined in rats maintained on various dietary regimens. When given at a dietary level of 0.5% for 4 weeks, sesamin reduced the concentration of serum and liver cholesterol significantly irrespective of the presence or absence of cholesterol in the diet, except for one experiment in which the purified diet free of cholesterol was given. On feeding sesamin, there was a decrease in lymphatic absorption of cholesterol accompanying an increase in fecal excretion of neutral, but not acidic, steroids, particularly when the cholesterol-enriched diet was given. Sesamin inhibited micellar solubility of cholesterol, but not bile acids, whereas it neither bound taurocholate nor affected the absorption of fatty acids. Only a marginal proportion (ca. 0.15%) of sesamin administered intragastrically was recovered in the lymph. There was a significant reduction in the activity of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase after feeding sesamin, although the activity of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, drug metabolizing enzymes, and alcohol dehydrogenase remained uninfluenced. Although the weight and phospholipid concentration of the liver increased unequivocally on feeding sesamin, the histological examination by microscopy showed no abnormality, and the activity of serum GOT and GPT remained unchanged. Since sesamin lowered both serum and liver cholesterol levels by inhibiting absorption and synthesis of cholesterol simultaneously, it deserves further study as a possible hypocholesterolemic agent of natural origin.

Published
1991
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15. Design for the distributed data locator service for multi-site data repositories

Author

Shigeo Urushidani, Yuki Homma, Miwa Aoyagi, Shunji Abe, Shinsuke Tokunaga, T Ito, Hideya Nakanishi, T. Inoue, Noriyoshi Nakajima, T. Yamamoto, Hiroya Maeno, M. Emoto, M. Nonomura, Osamu Nakamura, M. Ohsuna, Hideo Ohtsu, T. Ozeki, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Y. Ishii, Kenjiro Yamanaka, S. Imazu, H. Ogawa, and Masanobu Yoshida

Subjects
Service (systems architecture), BDR, Computer science, Relational database, Information repository, Bi-directional replication, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Postgres, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Asynchronous replication, Database, REC, Mechanical Engineering, Multi site, Multi-site data repository, Replicate, SNET, Replication (computing), Long latency, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Data locator service, LHD, computer
Abstract

The Remote Experimentation Centre (REC) in Japan has been preparing to replicate the full dataset of ITER over 10 000 km distance. In such a multi-site data repository environment, the data location informing service will be essential to find and retrieve the data efficiently. Considering the long latency time and the self sustainability of remote sites, the data location database should be running at each repository site. Multi-master asynchronous replication between cooperating databases will be essential to realize the remote experimental collaborations in fusion research. This study has investigated the functional differences of some relational databases and found that Postgres BDR has the expected database replication capabilities. Bi-directional replication (BDR) tests by using the LHD database and SNET revealed that the throughputs are sufficient for remote collaborations in fusion experiments.

Published
2021

16. Reactive Polymer Processing: Interfacial Aspects

Author

P. Charoensirisomboon, Shahida Begum, and T. Inoue

Subjects
Surface tension, chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, Reactive polymer, Polyamide, Copolymer, Particle size, Polysulfone, Polymer, Composite material, Phase inversion
Abstract

The copolymer of polysulfone (PSU) and polyamide (PA) was prepared by reactive processing. Not only was the particle size reduced but also a narrow size distribution was achieved. The interfacial tension was also minimized, whereby, leading to a more aspherical shape of particles. Any pulling out affect was hardly observed, hence making it commercially suitable to produce polymer alloys.

Published
2016

17. Metallo-Thermo-Mechanical Coupling in Quenching

Author

T. Inoue

Subjects
Materials science, Induction hardening, Hardening (metallurgy), Mechanical engineering, Thermo mechanical, Hardenability
Abstract

This chapter summarizes the computer simulation on the macroscopic feature of the quenching process carried out by the present author. The history of this area up to the year 2000 is introduced in the first part since there have been so many works in the twenty-first century. A governing theory termed metallo-thermo-mechanics is presented. This theory is relevant to describing coupled temperature, metallic structure, and mechanical fields, which are predominant parameters in the course of some processes involving phase transformation and related theories of the kinetics of phase transformation and inelastic constitutive relations. Based on the theory, the computer simulation code COSMAP recently developed by the author is summarized in addition to the material database MATEQ, which must be utilized for the simulation. The next four sections treat the results of simulation on practical quenching processes such as Jominy end quenching, carburized quenching, induction hardening, and laser hardening, as well as quenching of Japanese swords. The final section briefly introduces the results of a benchmark project conducted by our group in Japan, where some results obtained by quenching simulation solvers are presented and discussed.

Published
2014

18. Rotational feeling evaluation in fishing reel using vibration simulator (Influence of transmission error component of gear pair on tactile sensibility)

Author

S. Kurokawa and T. Inoue

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Tactile sensibility, media_common.quotation_subject, Vibration, Amplitude, Feeling, Vibration based, Component (UML), Reel, Physics::Chemical Physics, business, Simulation, media_common, Transmission errors
Abstract

This report discusses relationship between a rotational feeling in reel and transmission error with a vibration simulator. A vibration based on the gear pair engagement in fishing reel occurs when a handle of the reel rotates. When this vibration is large, an angler feels uncomfortable. It is known that a rotational feeling depends on the amplitude at the mesh frequency, and transmission error includes of many frequencies and different wave patterns. In this research, a vibration simulator is developed to simulate the vibration in actual products. Relationship between transmission error of classified patterns and a rotational feeling was investigated with the simulator.

Published
2014

19. Effect of variable volume index on performance of single screw compressor

Author

M.A. Hossain, K. Hori, Masanori Masuda, H. Ueno, and T. Inoue

Subjects
body regions, Variable (computer science), Engineering, Index (economics), Volume (thermodynamics), business.industry, Water cooled, Data_FILES, Mechanical engineering, Control engineering, business, Gas compressor, Central air conditioning
Abstract

The single screw compressor is widely used in air and water cooled central air conditioning systems for various unique characteristics compared to other compressors. It is possible to control the cooling or heating capacity by adjusting the mechanical slides built inside this type of compressor. However, the efficiency of the compressor is drastically reduced at part load conditions if the capacity is controlled by mechanical slides. We have studied the effect of volume index on performance when the capacity is controlled by varying the speed of the compressor. The volume index is varied by changing the position of the mechanical slides and the optimum volume index is obtained for rated and part load conditions. This paper will present the results of this study and propose the optimum volume index for obtaining best annual performance of the compressor.

Published
2013

23. Development of a Wearable Muscle Sound Sensing Unit and Application for Muscle Fatigue Measurement

Author

K. Fujisue, Hiroshi Hosaka, T. Inoue, Kiyoshi Itao, and Kiyoshi Naemura

Subjects
Sound (medical instrument), Noise, Acceleration, Engineering, Core (anatomy), Muscle fatigue, business.industry, Wearable computer, Isometric exercise, business, Biceps, Simulation
Abstract

This chapter presents the development of a new wearable muscle sound sensing unit for the core device of the wearable information system for human healthcare (WISH) and evaluation of its ability to sense muscle fatigue in daily life. Muscle sound produces a micro-vibration, which can be measured on skin surface during skeletal muscle contraction. Muscle sound as well as electrocardiogram and body acceleration can be measured simultaneously. Fatigue of the biceps brachii after exhaustion due to isometric contraction was examined as an application for muscle sound sensing in daily life. Amplitude of muscle sound is too small to measure during dynamic motion like arm swinging or walking. Body acceleration becomes noise for muscle sound sensing. Subtraction of two acceleration sensors is thought to be effective for noise reduction. Future study will be performed in order to construct a personal area network composed of wireless sensors that will process signals using a 1/f fluctuation of muscle sound.

Published
2001

25. DESIGN AND R&D OF HIGH POWER NEGATIVE ION SOURCE / ACCELERATOR FOR ITER NBI

Author

T. Inoue, Y. Okumura, Y. Fujiwara, K. Miyamoto, N. Miyamoto, Y. Ohara, K. Watanabe, B. Heinemann, and M. Tanii

Subjects
Physics, Ion beam, Nuclear engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electron, Radiation, Atomic physics, Dose rate, Beam (structure), Ion source, Power (physics), Ion
Abstract

Recent progress in the design and R&D of high power negative ion source/accelerator for ITER NBI are described. In the design of the ion source/accelerator, it was estimated that dose rate in the NB cell is in modest level (˜ 10 μSv/hr) after shutdown of ITER. This enables direct access of radiation workers in the NB cell for preparation of remote handling devices by “hands-on”. In the R&D of the MeV class accelerator, an H− ion beam of 805 keV, 0.15 A (power supply drain current) has already been obtained with an ITER prototype accelerator at MeV Test Facility of JAERI. Beam optics study and stray electron consideration are also progressed to accelerate the high current negative ion beam up to MeV energy regime.

Published
1997

26. The Acid Extraction Process

Author

H. Kawabata and T. Inoue

Subjects
Waste management, Incinerator bottom ash, Chemistry, Fly ash, Bench scale, Heavy metals, Incineration
Abstract

Considering from a point of view of the recycling of resources that melting fly ash produced by melting the fly ash and incineration residue discharged from incinerators of municipal refuse is useful resources of concentrated heavy metals, this paper presents acid extraction processes developed for using the useful heavy metals and salts produced from the fly ash and melting fly ash as the resources. This paper reports the acid extraction processes from the fly ash in terms of the operational results of AES Processes operated at present and the problems to be solved in the future. This paper also reports the application of the acid extraction processes to the melting fly ash in terms of the description of the separating recovery process of heavy metals operated at present in a bench scale, the experimental results and the problems to be solved in the future.

Published
1997

28. Formation of hydrogen-bonding polymer complex gels from carboxymethylcellulose and poly(methacrylic acid)

Author

K Mimura, M Sakamoto, Y J Lee, T Inoue, and H J Kim

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Poly(methacrylic acid), Aqueous solution, Materials science, Ethylene oxide, Scanning electron microscope, technology, industry, and agriculture, Hydrochloric acid, macromolecular substances, Polymer, Solvent, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Methacrylic acid, Polymer chemistry
Abstract

Polymer complex gel films in “modulated structure” were prepared by placing a thin liquid film of an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; degree of substitution, 1.16) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) in dilute hydrochloric acid. Time-resolved light scattering profiles were measured for the gel formation and the dried films, obtained from the gel films by slow evaporation of the solvent, were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Except for PMAA-PEO system, it could be demonstrated that hydrogen-bonding polymer complex gels were formed via spinodal decomposition.

Published
1995

29. EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY ON THE METALLO-THERMO-MECHANICAL SIMULATION OF QUENCHING PROCESS

Author

T. Inoue, K. Arimoto, and D.Y. Ju

Subjects
Quenching, Stress (mechanics), Materials science, business.industry, Martensite, Scientific method, Constitutive equation, Cylinder, Structural engineering, Composite material, Plasticity, business, Transformation (music)
Abstract

This paper attempts to modify the heat treatment simulation program “HEARTS” developed by the authors so as to include the effect of transformation plasticity in the constitutive relation. Transformation plastic strain rate is superimposed on the total strain composed of elastic, inelastic and thermal strain rate and that of phase change, and is given by the formula depending on deviatoric stress. Both rates of martensitic and pearlitic transformations are treated. As examples of simulation, some results of carburized quenching process of a cylinder and a gear tooth are presented, and the effect of transformation plasticity on the calculated results is discussed.

Published
1993

30. VISCO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF SUS-304 STAINLESS STEEL AT ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE

Author

H. Matsui, D.Y. Ju, and T. Inoue

Subjects
Materials science, Creep, Tension (physics), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Melting temperature, Constitutive equation, Inelastic deformation, Composite material, Finite element method
Abstract

This paper gives experimental procedure of tension and creep tests as well as that of cyclic straining at high temperature close to melting temperature, and experimental results on the inelastic deformation of SUS-304 stainless steel at such high temperature level are presented. Several types of inelastic constitutive equations are employed to simulate the behavior under plasticity-creep interaction condition, which is expected to be the fundamental equation for the finite element analysis of casting process.

Published
1993

31. HEAT FLOW AND INELASTIC STRESSES INCORPORATING SOLIDIFICATION

Author

T. Inoue and D.Y. Ju

Subjects
Stress (mechanics), Continuous casting, Materials science, Alloy, Constitutive equation, Metallurgy, engineering, Substructure, Heat equation, Mechanics, engineering.material, Deformation (meteorology), Material flow
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to describe the temperature and stresses incorporating solidification under steady material flow, and the application of the theory to simulate the strip casting process by the twin roll method is presented. Interaction of the temperature fields between the strip and the cooling roll is taken into account by the substructure method when solving the heat conduction equation. A simulation method for the deformation and stress/strain in the strip bounded by the traction-free boundaries was also developed by employing an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive relation relevant to describe both solid and liquid states. In order to verify the methods of simulation, calculated temperature and thickness of the strip were compared with the experimental data for Sn-Bi alloy using a developed continuous casting system.

Published
1992

32. PROOF TESTING OF CERAMIC MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADING

Author

T. Hoshide, T. Inoue, and N. Sato

Subjects
Materials science, Computer simulation, business.industry, Stress rate, Cyclic loading, Structural engineering, Proof test, Composite material, business
Abstract

A numerical simulation for two distinct materials and an experiment using an alumina were conducted to investigate the effect of the stress rate in a proof testing on the subsequent fatigue behavior. The simulated result revealed that as increasing the unloading stress rate the minimum life became longer and finally approached to the largest value, while the minimum life was not affected by the loading stress rate. In the experiment, the proof testing was found not to be efficient for the subsequent fatigue properties unless the unloading stress rate was selected to be adequately higher. The life distribution could be estimated by the band region between two extreme distributions associated with the crack geometry.

Published
1992

34. PROGRESS OF FAST BREEDER REACTOR AND HEAVY WATER REACTOR DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN

Author

E. Takeda, Y. Miyawaki, T. Inoue, and S. Sawai

Subjects
Heavy water, chemistry.chemical_compound, Breeder (animal), Waste management, chemistry, Nuclear engineering, Breeder reactor, Environmental science, Heavy water reactors
Abstract

The present status of the Japanese national program in developing fast breeder reactors and heavy water reactors is presented in this paper.

Published
1975

36. The Influence of the Addition of Boron on the Grain-boundary Segregation of Phosphorus and Fracture Behavior of Medium-carbon Ultra-high Strength Steel

Author

Y. Namba and T. Inoue

Subjects
Austenite, Auger electron spectroscopy, Toughness, Materials science, chemistry, Drop (liquid), Martensite, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Grain boundary, Boron, Intergranular fracture
Abstract

The effects of the grain-boundary segregation of phosphorus and the addition of boron on the impact properties of martensite or lightly tempered martensite of medium-carbon low-alloy steels have been investigated. Impact properties of steels quenched and tempered to the strength levels of 1500 to 2000 MPa were compared with the phosphorus concentration at grain-boundaries measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). In boron-free steels, impact toughness decreases with phosphorus content, whereas the drop in toughness is effectively reduced by the addition of boron. Fractographic observation shows that the increase in intergranular fracture appearance of impact specimens corresponds exactly to the toughness drop, irrespective of phosphorus contents and the addition of boron. Moreover, AES measurements show that the phosphorus amount at prior austenite grain-boundaries increases with the bulk content of phosphorus and decreases with the addition of boron. These results suggest that the addition of boron is effctive in lowering the grain-boundary segregation of phosphorus and that it might be the reason for the suppression of intergranular fracture and the improvement of impact toughness of boron steels at ultra-high strength levels.

Published
1982

37. 10 YEARS OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TEST OF PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS FOR STEEL COMPONENTS

Author

T. Nireki, N. Hirama, and T. Inoue

Subjects
Materials science, Coating, Metallurgy, engineering, Factory (object-oriented programming), engineering.material, Exposure test
Abstract

Performance test results of 10 years outdoor exposure on the 22 types of factory applied protective coating systems for steel building components under various exposure angles, the shape, dimension and five different substrates are introduced.

Published
1987

38. EXTRA HEAVY STEEL PLATES PRODUCED BY THERMO-MECHANICAL PROCESS FOR ARCTIC OFFSHORE STRUCTURES AND SHIPS IN ICY SEA AREAS

Author

Kentaro Okamoto, T. Inoue, Y. Tomita, K. Ito, and R. Yamaba

Subjects
Engineering, Fabrication, business.industry, Process (computing), Welding, law.invention, Arctic, law, Steel mill, Steel plates, Submarine pipeline, business, Thermo mechanical, Marine engineering
Abstract

This paper is a study of a manufacturing procedure and the characteristics of steel plates (maximum thickness 100mm, YP>355N/mm 2 , TS>480–490N/mm 2 , service temperature −10 −50 °C class) designed for arctic service. As ocean development becomes more active, the properties required for steel plates become increasingly severe. To satisfy these requirements, a steel manufacturing technology capable of meeting the needs of users who demand high-quality products and ease of welding and fabrication has been developed. This new technology has made possible the manufacture of extra heavy plates (maximum thickness of 100 mm).

Published
1986

39. PREDICTION OF SERVICE LIFE OF PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEM AND MAINTENABILITY FOR STEEL COMPONENTS

Author

T. Nireki, N. Hirama, T. Inoue, and T. Takahashi

Subjects
Materials science, Coating, Coating system, Service life, Metallurgy, engineering, Composite material, engineering.material, Exposure test
Abstract

This paper deals with the results of 5 years outdoor exposure test in four different sites to obtain the performance data on the protective coating systems for steel components completed on site.

Published
1987

40. HIGH-TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF STEELS WITH PHASE TRANSFORMATION AND THE SIMULATION OF QUENCHING AND WELDING PROCESSES

Author

T. Inoue and Z.G. Wang

Subjects
Stress (mechanics), Quenching, Phase change, Transformation (function), Materials science, Coupling effect, law, Phase (matter), Mechanical engineering, Welding, Mechanics, Finite element method, law.invention
Abstract

General framework of coupling effect between stress, temperature and phase change is presented in the courses of quenching and welding processes, and discussions are made on the proper forms of inelastic constitutive relationship considering the phase transformation for both processes. Finite element simulations of the processes are made to obtain the induced distributions of metallic structures and stress fields.

Published
1984

41. Effects of Induced Anisotropy on the Plastic Behavior of Metals

Author

S. Imatani and T. Inoue

Subjects
Yield (engineering), Materials science, Induced anisotropy, Yield surface, Metallic materials, Flow (psychology), Composite material, Anisotropy
Abstract

The deformation-induced anisotropy and its effects on the plastic response of metallic materials are discussed in this paper. By measuring the subsequent yield surfaces under several loading conditions, an anisotropic yield criterion as well as a generalized flow rule is taken into account of a plastic constitutive relationship.

Published
1989

42. A DAMAGE MECHANICS APPROACH TO CRACK INITIATION IN POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER UNDER MULTIAXIAL LOW CYCLE FATIGUE

Author

T. Inoue, T. Hoshide, Y. Kimura, and Y. Yoshikawa

Subjects
Crack closure, Materials science, business.industry, Damage mechanics, Lüders band, Crack initiation, Low-cycle fatigue, Fatigue damage, Structural engineering, business, Polycrystalline copper, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract

A method to predict crack initiation life under multiaxial low-cycle fatigue is developed based on a concept of damage mechanics, and application is made to the case under strain path of sequential loading. The fatigue tests of pure copper under several combinations of biaxial strain range are conducted to investigate the crack initiation behavior. The parameter designated as the intensity of slip bands is used to describe the oriented distribution of slip bands and fatigue damage accumulation. The results based on this method shows a good agreement with the experimental results.

Published
1988

43. Preparation of Heteropolyvanadophospkate Catalysts Supported by Silica and an Active Carbon Fibre Felt and Their Catalytic. Properties

Author

Y. Ishihama, T. Inoue, T. Kamada, Yoshiya Kera, Y. Matsukaze, and T. Kawashima

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, endocrine system, Active carbon, organic chemicals, Catalyst support, Inorganic chemistry, Industrial catalysts, Alkali metal, Decomposition, Nanomaterial-based catalyst, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, heterocyclic compounds, Ammonium
Abstract

Alkali metal and ammonium heteropolyvanadophosphate(HPA) catalysts supported on silica and an active carbon fibre felt (KF-felt) were prepared, and isopropanol decomposition over the catalysts was examined as a test reaction. All the alkali metal: HPA-silica catalysts worked stably at 300 −400°C, but the ammonium: HPA catalysts were deactivated above 300–320°C. The activity of the KF-felt-supported catalysts was several times higher than that of the silica-supported catalysts. Both the activity and stability of ammonium: HPA catalysts were greatly improved by the use of a silica-coated KF-felt as the carrier.

Published
1987

44. Simulation of Temperature and Inelastic Stresses in a Solidifying Slab During Twin-Roll Casting Process

Author

H. Sanari and T. Inoue

Subjects
Stress (mechanics), Strip casting, Materials science, Steady state, Heat generation, Coordinate system, Metallurgy, Process (computing), Slab, Mechanics, Finite element technique
Abstract

An analytical method to determine the temperature and stress fields in flowing material with a moving liquid-solid interface is presented in a spatial coordinate system. The effect of heat generation, due to solidification, on temperature distribution is carefully discussed, and an inelastic stress analysis based on the calculated temperature profile is carried out by finite element technique. As an illustrative example, a twin-roll strip casting process in steady state is simulated.

Published
1989

45. A class of chemical compounds enhances clustering of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in cultured myogenic cells.

Author

Miyairi Y, Ohkawara B, Sato A, Sawada R, Ishii H, Tomita H, Inoue T, Nakashima H, Ito M, Masuda A, Hosono Y, Imagama S, and Ohno K

Subjects
Animals, Mice, Cell Line, Humans, Activating Transcription Factor 2 genetics, Activating Transcription Factor 2 metabolism, Genes, Reporter, LDL-Receptor Related Proteins genetics, LDL-Receptor Related Proteins metabolism, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases genetics, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism, Receptors, Cholinergic genetics, Receptors, Cholinergic metabolism, Multigene Family, Signal Transduction drug effects, Muscle Proteins genetics, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Neurites, Bungarotoxins pharmacology, Benzene pharmacology, Heterocyclic Compounds pharmacology, Molecular Docking Simulation, Receptors, Nicotinic genetics, Receptors, Nicotinic metabolism, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal drug effects, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal metabolism
Abstract

Neuromuscular signal transmission is affected in various diseases including myasthenia gravis, congenital myasthenic syndromes, and sarcopenia. We used an ATF2-luciferase system to monitor the phosphorylation of MuSK in HEK293 cells introduced with MUSK and LRP4 cDNAs to find novel chemical compounds that enhanced agrin-mediated acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. Four compounds with similar chemical structures carrying benzene rings and heterocyclic rings increased the luciferase activities 8- to 30-folds, and two of them showed continuously graded dose dependence. The effects were higher than that of disulfiram, a clinically available aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, which we identified to be the most competent preapproved drug to enhance ATF2-luciferase activity in the same assay system. In C2C12 myotubes, all the compounds increased the area, intensity, length, and number of AChR clusters. Three of the four compounds increased the phosphorylation of MuSK, but not of Dok7, JNK. ERK, or p38. Monitoring cell toxicity using the neurite elongation of NSC34 neuronal cells as a surrogate marker showed that all the compounds had no effects on the neurite elongation up to 1 μM. Extensive docking simulation and binding structure prediction of the four compounds with all available human proteins using AutoDock Vina and DiffDock showed that the four compounds were unlikely to directly bind to MuSK or Dok7, and the exact target remained unknown. The identified compounds are expected to serve as a seed to develop a novel therapeutic agent to treat defective NMJ signal transmission., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that none of the authors have conflict of interest in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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46. Effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Author

Ohbe H, Yoshida M, Okada K, Inoue T, Yamada K, Nakamura K, Yamamoto R, Nozaki A, Higashibeppu N, and Kotani J

Subjects
Humans, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Intensive Care Units, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted methods, Respiration, Artificial, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Enteral Nutrition methods, Critical Illness therapy, Critical Illness mortality, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

Background & Aims: High-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition has gained attention, with expectations of an improved respiratory condition, fewer complications, and lower mortality. The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients., Methods: We searched MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ICHUSHI for randomized controlled trials comparing high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition to standard enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients who received enteral nutrition. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, length of ICU stay, length of mechanical ventilation, and adverse events of diarrhea and gastric residual volume. We examined the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials version 2. We assessed the overall certainty of evidence based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Synthesis results were calculated with risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model., Results: Eight trials with 607 patients were included. The effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition on mortality did not significantly differ from those of standard enteral nutrition (62/280 [22.1%] vs. 39/207 [18.8%], risk ratios = 1.14, 95% confidence intervals 0.80 to 1.62, P = 0.47). No significant differences were observed in ICU mortality, ICU length of stay, diarrhea, or gastric residual volume between the two groups. However, high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition was associated with a significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference -1.72 days, 95% confidence intervals -2.93 to -0.50, P = 0.005)., Conclusion: High-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition may not affect mortality, but may decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients. Limitations include the small number of studies and potential for bias. Further research is needed to confirm these results and investigate effects on other outcomes and in a subgroup of patients requiring mechanical ventilation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors report no personal conflicts of interest pertaining to this work., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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47. External validation of the Pulmonary Embolism-Syncope, Anemia, and Renal Dysfunction bleeding score for early major bleeding in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: from the COMMAND VTE Registry-2.

Author

Nishimoto Y, Yamashita Y, Morimoto T, Chatani R, Kaneda K, Ikeda N, Kobayashi Y, Ikeda S, Kim K, Inoko M, Takase T, Tsuji S, Oi M, Takada T, Otsui K, Sakamoto J, Ogihara Y, Inoue T, Usami S, Chen PM, Togi K, Koitabashi N, Hiramori S, Doi K, Mabuchi H, Tsuyuki Y, Murata K, Takabayashi K, Nakai H, Sueta D, Shioyama W, Dohke T, Nishikawa R, Sato Y, Watanabe T, Yamada T, Fukunami M, and Kimura T

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Japan epidemiology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Anticoagulants adverse effects, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Predictive Value of Tests, Time Factors, Aged, 80 and over, Acute Disease, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Kidney Diseases complications, Decision Support Techniques, Hemorrhage diagnosis, Pulmonary Embolism diagnosis, Pulmonary Embolism epidemiology, Registries, Anemia diagnosis, Anemia complications
Abstract

Background: There is no established risk score for anticoagulant-related bleeding during the acute phase in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). The PE-Syncope, Anemia, and Renal Dysfunction (PE-SARD) bleeding score was developed to predict early major bleeding but has not yet been fully externally validated., Objectives: To externally validate the PE-SARD bleeding score., Methods: Using the COntemporary ManageMent AND outcomes in patients with Venous ThromboEmbolism (COMMAND VTE) Registry-2 database, which enrolled 5197 consecutive acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism patients among 31 centers in Japan between January 2015 and August 2020, we identified acute PE patients. We divided them into 3 groups by the score: high-risk (>2.5 points), intermediate-risk (1-2.5 points), and low-risk (0 points). The discriminating and calibration performances of the score for 30-day major bleeding were assessed. Subgroup analyses based on active cancer were also performed., Results: Of 2781 eligible patients, the high-risk group accounted for 557 patients (20%), intermediate-risk group for 1412 (51%), and low-risk group for 812 (29%). Major bleeding occurred in 121 patients within 30 days. The cumulative 30-day incidence of major bleeding substantially increased in the higher risk categories by the score (high-risk group, 8.2% [95% CI, 5.9%-10.5%]; intermediate-risk group, 4.6% [95% CI, 3.5%-5.7%]; and low-risk group, 1.8% [95% CI, 0.8%-2.7%]). The discriminating power of the score was modest with a C statistic of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.61-0.70), with a good calibration performance with a score of <4 points, except for that in active cancer patients., Conclusion: The PE-SARD bleeding score had a modest discriminating performance with a limited calibration performance in acute PE patients without active cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests Y.N. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo. Y.Y. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo, and grant support from Bayer Healthcare and Daiichi Sankyo. T.M. reports lecturer’s fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Lifeline, Kowa, Kyocera, Novartis, and Toray; manuscript fees from Bristol Myers Squibb and Kowa; advisory board for Sanofi. K. Kaneda received lecture fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo. N.I. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Daiichi Sankyo. S.I. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Daiichi Sankyo. Y.O. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo, and research funds from Bayer Healthcare and Daiichi Sankyo. N.K. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare and grant support from Pfizer. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. A fatal case of peritonitis caused by Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides harboring the novel metallo-beta-lactamase gene bla DYB-1 .

Author

Imai K, Kodana M, Omachi R, Inoue T, Okada H, and Maeda T

Subjects
Humans, Fatal Outcome, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phylogeny, Male, Whole Genome Sequencing, beta-Lactamases genetics, beta-Lactamases metabolism, Peritonitis microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
Abstract

Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides shows multidrug resistance to antibiotics and causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. The drug resistance mechanisms of D. capnocytophagoides have not yet been identified. In this work, we analyzed D. capnocytophagoides isolated from a fatal case of peritonitis to clarify its drug resistance mechanisms. Whole genome sequencing revealed that our isolate harbored a chromosomally encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (designated bla DYB-1 ) and a chromosomally encoded ermFS gene. Phylogenetic analysis, primary sequence comparison, and structural modeling analysis of DYB-1 showed it was highly similar to CfiA in Bacteroides fragilis and belonged to the B1 MBL family. Transformation analysis into Escherichia coli TOP10 showed that a recombinant plasmid containing bla DYB-1 increased the minimum inhibitory concentration of beta-lactams, including carbapenem. We identified a novel chromosomally encoded class B1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene designated bla DYB-1 and an ermFS gene that contributed to multidrug resistance. This study indicates the importance of further surveillance for D. capnocytophagoides harboring bla DYB-1 ., Competing Interests: Declarations of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests, (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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49. 90-Day outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with invasive mechanical ventilation.

Author

Mineshita M, Nishine H, Handa H, Inoue T, Ishibashi Y, Kawahata K, Kunishima H, Tsuchida T, Takemura H, Minoura A, Takita M, and Fujitani S

Abstract

Background: There are few reports detailing the prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation. We investigated the long-term prognosis and evaluated which factors influenced outcomes in these patients., Methods: Data was reviewed from severe adult COVID-19 cases admitted to our hospital and treated with mechanical ventilation between February 1, 2020, and October 30, 2021. On admission to our hospital, comorbidities and laboratory findings were collected from clinical records. Prognostic information for 90 days after diagnosis was also obtained from hospitals where patients were transferred after their conditions stabilized., Results: Prognostic information was obtained in 133 patients, of which 106 were males (79.7 %). Of the 133 patients, 67 were discharged (51.5 %), 21 continued inpatient care (15.8 %), and 45 died (33.8 %). Age, Charlson Risk Index, and the number of patients on hemodialysis were significantly higher in the deceased group. There were no differences in therapeutic interventions between survivors and those who died except for a higher rate of muscle relaxant and vasopressor usage in the deceased group. Laboratory findings on admission showed significantly higher levels of BUN, creatinine, and serum Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6), and significantly lower platelet counts, hemoglobin, and alanine aminotransferase in those who died. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, hemodialysis, lower platelet counts, and higher KL-6 were independent predictors for 90-day mortality., Conclusions: Older age, hemodialysis, lower platelet counts and high KL-6 on admission were identified as independent predictors of 90-day mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to severe COVID-19 under invasive mechanical ventilation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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50. Fluoxetine, but not paroxetine, alters the jaw-closing muscle activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice.

Author

Ikeda M, Mochizuki A, Kato T, Nakamura S, Nakayama K, Dantsuji M, Baba K, and Inoue T

Abstract

Sleep bruxism is an involuntary, exaggerated jaw-closing activity during sleep. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use is a risk factor for bruxism. However, the effect of various SSRIs on masseter (jaw-closing) muscle activity remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of long-term administration of two SSRIs, fluoxetine (FLX) and paroxetine (PRX), for 14 days on masseter muscle activity during wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for 24 h in mice. Vigilance states were scored based on electroencephalographic, electrooculography and neck electromyographic (EMG) activities. The EMG activity of the masseter muscle was quantified in 6 h periods. FLX and PRX did not affect the duration of the three vigilance states. Both drugs significantly prolonged the REM sleep episode duration while decreasing the number of episodes. FLX significantly increased REM sleep onset latency. Neither FLX nor PRX affected the mean masseter EMG activity during wakefulness. FLX significantly increased the relative time of masseter muscle activity in NREM sleep during 02:00-08:00 and 08:00-14:00, while PRX did not affect three vigilance states. Overall, FLX had a limited but significant effect on masseter muscle activity in NREM sleep during specific periods., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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