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6,643 results on '"Newcastle"'

1. Myostatin and follistatin as monitoring and prognostic biomarkers in dysferlinopathy

Author: John Walton Centre Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Moore, Ursula, Fernández-Simón, Esther, Schiava, Marianela, Cox, Dan, Gordish-Dressman, Heather, James, Meredith K., Mayhew, Anna, Wilson, Ian, Guglieri, Michela, Rufibach, Laura, Blamire, Andrew, Carlier, Pierre G., Mori-Yoshimura, Madoka, Day, John W., Jones, Kristi J., Bharucha-Goebel, Diana X., Salort-Campana, Emmanuelle, Pestronk, Alan, Walter, Maggie C., Paradas, Carmen, Stojkovic, Tanya, Bravver, Elena, Pegoraro, Elena, Mendell, Jerry R., Bushby, Kate, Diaz-Manera, Jordi, Straub, Volker, The Jain COS Consortium, John Walton Centre Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Moore, Ursula, Fernández-Simón, Esther, Schiava, Marianela, Cox, Dan, Gordish-Dressman, Heather, James, Meredith K., Mayhew, Anna, Wilson, Ian, Guglieri, Michela, Rufibach, Laura, Blamire, Andrew, Carlier, Pierre G., Mori-Yoshimura, Madoka, Day, John W., Jones, Kristi J., Bharucha-Goebel, Diana X., Salort-Campana, Emmanuelle, Pestronk, Alan, Walter, Maggie C., Paradas, Carmen, Stojkovic, Tanya, Bravver, Elena, Pegoraro, Elena, Mendell, Jerry R., Bushby, Kate, Diaz-Manera, Jordi, Straub, Volker, and The Jain COS Consortium
Abstract: Myostatin is a myokine which acts upon skeletal muscle to inhibit growth and regeneration. Myostatin is endogenously antagonised by follistatin. This study assessed serum myostatin and follistatin concentrations as monitoring or prognostic biomarkers in dysferlinopathy, an autosomal recessively inherited muscular dystrophy. Myostatin was quantified twice with a three-year interval in 76 patients with dysferlinopathy and 38 controls. Follistatin was quantified in 62 of these patients at the same timepoints, and in 31 controls. Correlations with motor function, muscle fat fraction and contractile cross-sectional area were performed. A regression model was used to account for confounding variables. Baseline myostatin, but not follistatin, correlated with baseline function and MRI measures. However, in individual patients, three-year change in myostatin did not correlate with functional or MRI changes. Linear modelling demonstrated that function, serum creatine kinase and C-reactive protein, but not age, were independently related to myostatin concentration. Baseline myostatin concentration predicted loss of ambulation but not rate of change of functional or MRI measures, even when relative inhibition with follistatin was considered. With adjustment for extra-muscular causes of variation, myostatin could form a surrogate measure of functional ability or muscle mass, however myostatin inhibition does not form a promising treatment target in dysferlinopathy.
Published: 2023

2. Long-term outcomes and predictive ability of non-invasive scoring systems in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Author: European Commission, Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Ministero della Salute, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Younes, Ramy, Caviglia, Gian Paolo, Govaere, Olivier, Rosso, Chiara, Armandi, Angelo, Sanavia, tiziana, Pennisi, Grazia, Liguori, Antonio, Francione, Paolo, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Ampuero, Javier, García Blanco, María J., Aller, Rocío, Tiniakos, Dina, Burt, Alastair, David, Ezio, Vecchio, Fabio Maria, Maggioni, Marco, Cabibi, Daniela, Pareja, María Jesús, Zaki, Marco Y. W., Grieco, Antonio, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Valenti, Luca, Miele, Luca, Fariselli, Piero, Petta, Salvatore, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Anstee, Quentin M., Bugianesi, Elisabetta, European Commission, Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Ministero della Salute, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Younes, Ramy, Caviglia, Gian Paolo, Govaere, Olivier, Rosso, Chiara, Armandi, Angelo, Sanavia, tiziana, Pennisi, Grazia, Liguori, Antonio, Francione, Paolo, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Ampuero, Javier, García Blanco, María J., Aller, Rocío, Tiniakos, Dina, Burt, Alastair, David, Ezio, Vecchio, Fabio Maria, Maggioni, Marco, Cabibi, Daniela, Pareja, María Jesús, Zaki, Marco Y. W., Grieco, Antonio, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Valenti, Luca, Miele, Luca, Fariselli, Piero, Petta, Salvatore, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Anstee, Quentin M., and Bugianesi, Elisabetta
Abstract: [Background & Aims] Non-invasive scoring systems (NSS) are used to identify patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who are at risk of advanced fibrosis, but their reliability in predicting long-term outcomes for hepatic/extrahepatic complications or death and their concordance in cross-sectional and longitudinal risk stratification remain uncertain., [Methods] The most common NSS (NFS, FIB-4, BARD, APRI) and the Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS) were assessed in 1,173 European patients with NAFLD from tertiary centres. Performance for fibrosis risk stratification and for the prediction of long-term hepatic/extrahepatic events, hepatocarcinoma (HCC) and overall mortality were evaluated in terms of AUC and Harrell’s c-index. For longitudinal data, NSS-based Cox proportional hazard models were trained on the whole cohort with repeated 5-fold cross-validation, sampling for testing from the 607 patients with all NSS available., [Results] Cross-sectional analysis revealed HFS as the best performer for the identification of significant (F0-1 vs. F2-4, AUC = 0.758) and advanced (F0-2 vs. F3-4, AUC = 0.805) fibrosis, while NFS and FIB-4 showed the best performance for detecting histological cirrhosis (range AUCs 0.85-0.88). Considering longitudinal data (follow-up between 62 and 110 months), NFS and FIB-4 were the best at predicting liver-related events (c-indices>0.7), NFS for HCC (c-index = 0.9 on average), and FIB-4 and HFS for overall mortality (c-indices >0.8). All NSS showed limited performance (c-indices <0.7) for extrahepatic events., [Conclusions] Overall, NFS, HFS and FIB-4 outperformed APRI and BARD for both cross-sectional identification of fibrosis and prediction of long-term outcomes, confirming that they are useful tools for the clinical management of patients with NAFLD at increased risk of fibrosis and liver-related complications or death., [Lay summary] Non-invasive scoring systems are increasingly being used in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to identify those at risk of advanced fibrosis and hence clinical complications. Herein, we compared various non-invasive scoring systems and identified those that were best at identifying risk, as well as those that were best for the prediction of long-term outcomes, such as liver-related events, liver cancer and death.
Published: 2021

3. The effect of fragmentation on the distribution of hillslope rock size and abundance: Insights from contrasting field and model data

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, University of Newcastle (Australia), Román-Sánchez, Andrea, Willgoose, Garry R., Giráldez, Juan Vicente, Peña Acevedo, Adolfo, Vanwalleghem, Tom, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, University of Newcastle (Australia), Román-Sánchez, Andrea, Willgoose, Garry R., Giráldez, Juan Vicente, Peña Acevedo, Adolfo, and Vanwalleghem, Tom
Abstract: The disintegration of rocks into soil plays an important role in geomorphological processes, such as the evolution of hillslopes and river valleys. Nevertheless, the factors and processes controlling the physical weathering of rock particles are poorly understood. In this study, the surface and subsurface distribution of rock fragments abundance and size is measured in ten soil profiles along three hillslopes transects. For the surface horizons, we observed a significant linear relation between the ninth decile of the diameter, d90, and hillslope gradient and for both surface and subsurface horizons, a significant logarithmic relation between d90 and rock fragment abundance. For the first time, the performance of various fragmentation models is compared against field data to evaluate if the surface rock distribution can be explained from fragmentation of the subsurface material only. In six profiles these fragmentation models adequately reproduced the observed particle size distribution. In the other four profiles, all located on eroding hillslopes, armouring dominates over fragmentation and the surface rock distribution is coarser compared to the subsurface. Generally, the profiles have a good fit to almost all models with the exception of two. However, we can differentiate two zones in terms of fragmentation mechanism according to the modelling results. The profiles in the transect located along a gently sloping hillslope, and the two other profiles, along a steep river valley. In the models, we consider physical weathering as the single factor of particle size evolution, except or two models where conceptual chemical weathering of the fine fraction is considered, although this chemical weathering was not specifically designed to explore soil water chemistry or mineralogy in detail. The observed discrepancies between field data and the results of this study, especially in the fine fraction, reveal the possible relevance of chemical or biological weathering, redist
Published: 2019

4. Effects of update rules on networked N-player trust game dynamics

Author: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Newcastle University (Australia), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Chica, Manuel, Chiong, Raymond, Ramasco, José J., Abbass, Hussein, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Newcastle University (Australia), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Chica, Manuel, Chiong, Raymond, Ramasco, José J., and Abbass, Hussein
Abstract: We investigate the effects of update rules on the dynamics of an evolutionary game-theoretic model – the N-player evolutionary trust game – consisting of three types of players: investors (trusters), trustworthy trustees, and untrustworthy trustees. Interactions among players are constrained by local neighborhoods predefined by spatial or social network topologies. We compare different evolutionary update rules with behaviors that rely on the level of payoffs obtained by neighbors. In particular, we study the dynamics resulting from players using a deterministic rule (i.e., unconditional imitation with and without using a noise process induced by a voter model), a stochastic pairwise payoff-based strategy (i.e., proportional imitation), and stochastic local Wright-Fisher processes. We study these dynamics with different social network structures and varying levels of game difficulty. We see that there are significant differences on the level of promoted trust and global net wealth depending on the update rule. Under ‘harder’ game settings, rules based on unconditional imitation achieve the highest global net wealth in the population. We observe that there are key spatio-temporal correlations in the system for all rules. The update rules lead to the formation of fractal structures on a lattice, and low frequencies in the output signal of the system (i.e., long-term memory) when the rules are stochastic.
Published: 2019

5. Toward next-generation primate neuroscience: A collaboration-based strategic plan for integrative neuroimaging

Author: David C. Van Essen, Caspar M. Schwiedrzik, Takuro Ikeda, Shaomin Zhang, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Ning Liu, Aidan Murphy, Li Min Chen, Pinglei Bao, Julia Lehman, Yuki Hori, Pengcheng Li, Julien Vezoli, Peter H. Rudebeck, Yao Meng, Julian 'Bene' Ramirez, Pierre Pouget, Guillermo Gallardo, Rogier B. Mars, Charles E. Schroeder, Minqing Jiang, Steve Frey, Michael P. Milham, Mohammad Hadi Aarabi, Pascal Belin, Patrick Friedrich, Bichan Wu, Hector Figueroa, Ye He, Charles L. Wilson, Melanie Wilke, Eunha Baeg, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, Danny Garside, Marco Pagani, Ting-Yat Wong, Igor Kagan, Abdelhadi Essamlali, Bharat B. Biswal, Wasana Ediri Arachchi, Julio Villalon, Zheng Wang, Kacie Dougherty, Neo Sunhang Shi, Luciano Simone, Roberto Toro, Benjamin Jung, Masaki Fukunaga, Zhanguang Zuo, Loïc Magrou, Xiaowei Song, Kadharbatcha S. Saleem, Michele A. Basso, Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal, Chihiro Yokoyama, Aaron Tanenbaum, Brian E. Russ, Alexandre Rosa Franco, Alison R. Weiss, Isabel Restrepo, Alan C. Evans, Lixia Gao, Nobuyuki Kimura, Augix Guohua Xu, Piotr Majka, Colline Poirier, Justine Cléry, Bassem Hiba, Alessandro Gozzi, Xiaojie Wang, Nick Upright, Stan Colcombe, Yang Gao, Won Mok Shim, Eduardo Rojas Hortelano, Takuya Hayashi, Anna S. Mitchell, Andrew F. Rossi, Itamar Kahn, Jorge Jaramillo, Henry C. Evrard, Xin Yumeng, Gregory Kiar, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Elise Roger, Roberto A. Gulli, Yufan Wang, Damien A. Fair, Yuguang Zhao, Stephen J. Sawiak, Boris C. Bernhardt, Ulysse Klatzmann, Ashkan Alvand, Kep Kee Loh, David Schaeffer, Virginie Sivan, Daniel S. Margulies, Carly M. Drzewiecki, Tomoko Sakai, Ting Xu, Cirong Liu, Essa Yacoub, Theresa M. Desrochers, Seok-Jun Hong, Sethu Boopathy, Reza Azadi, Lu Yuheng, Aarit Ahuja, Zhifeng Liang, Elena Borra, Fernanda Ponce, Robert Dahnke, Julien Sein, Li Deying, Jitendra Sharma, A.J. Mitchell, Roger Little, Luqi Cheng, Du Xiao, Choong-Wan Woo, Xinhui Li, Chris Petkov, Ruiliang Bai, D Zaldivar, Sheyla Mejia, Haidong D. Lu, Nikoloz Sirmpilatze, Diego Emanuel Ortuzar Martinez, Suzanne N. Haber, Catherine Elorette, Yue Cui, Michael Hawrylycz, Jerome Sallet, Wim Vanduffel, Daniel R. Glen, Ralph Adolphs, Dongrong Xu, Simon Clavagnier, Rakshit Dadarwal, Marzio Gerbella, Hannah Doyle, Ningrong Ye, Xiaojin Liu, Xinyu Liu, Quansheng He, Christopher R. Madan, Vikas Pareek, James Cavanaugh, Sze Chai Kwok, Zhang Ying, Sam Vickery, Xiaoguang Tian, Zhou Xufeng, Bevil R. Conway, Mark Postans, Wei-an Sheng, Gianfranco Chavez, Rober Boshra, Yuki Kikuchi, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Céline Amiez, Felix Hoffstaedter, Elizabeth A. Buffalo, Amy Howard, Hsin-Yi Lai, Marianne Duyck, Samy Rima, Froesel Mathilda, Towela Mvula, Guilherme Freches, Alfonso Fajardo, Maria de la Iglesia-Vaya, Ana Rita Ribeiro Gomes, Xiongjie Yu, Afonso C. Silva, Andrew S. Fox, Long Cao, Anna W. Roe, Meizhen Qian, David Meunier, Erika Raven, Nicola Palomero-Gallagher, Jordy Tasserie, Joonas A. Autio, Francois Chouinard-Decorte, Hank P. Jedema, Shasha Yue, Xinjian Li, Xiaodong Chen, Kathleen Rockland, Satoka Hashimoto Fujimoto, Amiez Celine, Melina Cordeau, Olivier Coulon, Ravi S. Menon, Sandra Gonzalez Torrecilla, Bjørg Elisabeth Kilavik, Adam Messinger, Hecheng Jin, Steven Giavasis, Pierce Perkins, Conor Liston, Yujie Hou, Jakob Seidlitz, Kelly Shen, Yvonne Bennett, Franck Lamberton, Maxime Gaudet-Trafit, Suliann Ben Hamed, Chris Klink, Sabine Kastner, Lucas R. Trambaiolli, Lucija Jankovic-Rapan, Atsushi Fujimoto, Nadira Yusif Rodriguez, Maeva Gacoin, Amir Shmuel, Katja Heuer, Austin K. Behel, Susann Boretius, Paul A. Taylor, Child Mind Institute, Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tübingen, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], Consortium, PRIMatE Data and Resource Exchange (PRIME-DRE) Global Collaboration Workshop and, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Monash University [Clayton], Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University [Nijmegen], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Newcastle University [Newcastle], McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), and Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL)
Subjects: Strategic planning, 0303 health sciences, Open science, biology, Action, intention, and motor control, Resource exchange, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Neuroscience(all), General Neuroscience, Nonhuman primate, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, biology.animal, Primate, Beacon - Precision Imaging, ddc:610, Psychology, Neuroscience, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 239574.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Open science initiatives are creating opportunities to increase research coordination and impact in nonhuman primate (NHP) imaging. The PRIMatE Data and Resource Exchange community recently developed a collaboration-based strategic plan to advance NHP imaging as an integrative approach for multiscale neuroscience. 5 p.
Published: 2022

6. A comparative study of the effects of particle grading and compaction effort on the strength and stiffness of earth building materials at different humidity levels

Author: Domenico Gallipoli, C. La Borderie, Charles E. Augarde, Paul Hughes, Alessia Cuccurullo, Agostino Walter Bruno, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au génie Electrique (SIAME), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale [Genova] (DICCA), Universita degli studi di Genova, School of Engineering [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), and Duke University [Durham]
Subjects: Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Compaction, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Suction, 0201 civil engineering, 021105 building & construction, medicine, General Materials Science, Geotechnical engineering, Earth construction, Hypercompaction, Particle size distribution, Strength, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Shearing (physics), Degree of saturation, Humidity, Stiffness, Building and Construction, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Particle, Particle size, medicine.symptom, Radial stress
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical properties of three different earth building materials manufactured by compacting two soils with distinct particle size distributions under two markedly different efforts. Multiple samples of each material have been equalised either inside a climatic chamber at different humidity levels or oven-dried, before being subjected to shearing inside a triaxial cell to measure the corresponding levels of strength and stiffness. Triaxial shearing has been performed under different levels of radial stress to investigate the effect of material confinement inside thick walls. Consistent with previous research, the study has indicated that strength and stiffness increase as ambient humidity reduces and degree of saturation decreases, though the actual variation of these properties strongly depends on the dry density and clay content of the material. Most importantly, particle grading has emerged as a key material parameter, whose impact on earth building has often been overlooked. Particle grading appears to influence strength and stiffness even more than compaction effort, dry density and average particle size, which are usually quoted as the most important variables for the design of earth building materials.
Published: 2021

7. A global multinational survey of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms in urban wastewater treatment plants

Author: Yunho Lee, Manika Choudhury, Om Prakash, Donald Morrison, Hélène Guilloteau, Heidrun Mayrhofer, María Inmaculada Polo-López, Belen Esteban, Katarzyna Slipko, Leonardo Pantoja Munoz, Samira Nahim–Granados, José Manuel Guillén-Navarro, Marco Guida, Stela Krizanovic, Hemda Garelick, Pilar Caballero, Traore Ousmane, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Helmut Bürgmann, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić, Carsten Ulrich Schwermer, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Milena Milaković, Ester Heath, Marta Piotrowska, Andrea Di Cesare, Célia M. Manaia, Ying Yang, Amy Pruden, Anne F.C. Leonard, Erica Donner, Tanel Telson, Christophe Merlin, Karin Beck, Ana Agüera, Anhony A Adegoke, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Bastian Herzog, Joana Abreu-Silva, Leonie Henn, Norbert Kreuzinger, Younggun Yoon, Stefanie Heß, Olga C. Nunes, Alice L. Petre, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Gianluca Brunetti, Roberto B. M. Marano, Stella Michael, Thor A. Stenström, Ayella Maile-Moskowitz, Popi Karaolia, Joshua T. Bunce, Giovanni Libralato, Jérôme Ory, Yogesh Nimonkar, Alfieri Pollice, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Carlo Salerno, Andrew Scott, Shichun Zou, Antoni Oliver, Barbara Drigo, Isabel Martínez-Alcalá, Virginia Riquelme, Veljo Kisand, Anna Baraniak, William H. Gaze, Edward Topp, Edouard Jurkevitch, Isabel Henriques, Telma Fernandes, Eddie Cytryn, José Luis Balcázar, Marta Tacão, Thomas Schwartz, Thomas Jäger, Gianluca Corno, Mailis Laht, Thomas U. Berendonk, Roberto Rosal, Magdalena Popowska, Pawel Krzeminski, Connor L. Brown, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Marano, R. B. M., Fernandes, T., Manaia, C. M., Nunes, O., Morrison, D., Berendonk, T. U., Kreuzinger, N., Telson, T., Corno, G., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Merlin, C., Topp, E., Jurkevitch, E., Henn, L., Scott, A., Hess, S., Slipko, K., Laht, M., Kisand, V., Di Cesare, A., Karaolia, P., Michael, S. G., Petre, A. L., Rosal, R., Pruden, A., Riquelme, V., Aguera, A., Esteban, B., Luczkiewicz, A., Kalinowska, A., Leonard, A., Gaze, W. H., Adegoke, A. A., Stenstrom, T. A., Pollice, A., Salerno, C., Schwermer, C. U., Krzeminski, P., Guilloteau, H., Donner, E., Drigo, B., Libralato, G., Guida, M., Burgmann, H., Beck, K., Garelick, H., Tacao, M., Henriques, I., Martinez-Alcala, I., Guillen-Navarro, J. M., Popowska, M., Piotrowska, M., Quintela-Baluja, M., Bunce, J. T., Polo-Lopez, M. I., Nahim-Granados, S., Pons, M. -N., Milakovic, M., Udikovic-Kolic, N., Ory, J., Ousmane, T., Caballero, P., Oliver, A., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Balcazar, J. L., Jager, T., Schwartz, T., Yang, Y., Zou, S., Lee, Y., Yoon, Y., Herzog, B., Mayrhofer, H., Prakash, O., Nimonkar, Y., Heath, E., Baraniak, A., Abreu-Silva, J., Choudhury, M., Munoz, L. P., Krizanovic, S., Brunetti, G., Maile-Moskowitz, A., Brown, C., Cytryn, E., The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia (CQFB), Requimte, Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Universidade do Porto, Edinburgh Napier University, Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Technology [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus (UCY), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EKUK), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Area de Quimica Inorganica - Centro de Investigacion en Energia Solar (CIESOL) (CIESOL), Universidad de Almería (UAL), Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Durban University of Technology, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), University of South Australia [Adelaide], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Middlesex University [London], Universidade de Aveiro, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Applied Microbiology [Warsaw], Institute of Microbiology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), School of Engineering [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Plataforma Solar de Almeria – CIEMAT, Tabernas, Almeria, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratorio EMATSA, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), NCMR, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), National Medicines Institute - Narodowy Instytut Leków [Warsaw] (NIL), Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Volcani Center, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marano, Robert BM, Fernandes, Telma, Manaia, Celia M, Nunes, Olga, Donner, Erica, Drigo, Barbara, Brunetti, Gianluca, and Cytryn, Eddie
Subjects: Cefotaxime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coliforms, Antibiotic resistance, Sewage, Microorganismes -- Resistència als medicaments, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Surveys and Questionnaires, Microorganisms -- Drug resistance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, 6. Clean water, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Europe, Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences, Health, Sewage treatment, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, Life sciences, biology, Aigua -- Reutilització, Asia, Quantification methods, Aigües residuals -- Plantes de tractament, Culture and Communities, Water Purification, Applied microbiology, Water reuse, Environmental health, ddc:570, medicine, Microbiology Research Group, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, antibiotic resistance, coliforms, ESBLs, wastewater treatment, wastewater reuse, Sewage disposal plants, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Coliform, business.industry, Australia, Fecal coliform, Antibiotic resistance, Coliforms, ESBLs, Wastewater treatment, Water reuse, ESBL, North America, Environmental science, business
Abstract: The World Health Organization Global Action Plan recommends integrated surveillance programs as crucial strategies for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Although several national surveillance programs are in place for clinical and veterinary settings, no such schemes exist for monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this transnational study, we developed, validated, and tested a low-cost surveillance and easy to implement approach to evaluate antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by targeting cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) coliforms as indicators. The rationale for this approach was: i) coliform quantification methods are internationally accepted as indicators of fecal contamination in recreational waters and are therefore routinely applied in analytical labs; ii) CTX-R coliforms are clinically relevant, associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and are rare in pristine environments. We analyzed 57 WWTPs in 22 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. CTX-R coliforms were ubiquitous in raw sewage and their relative abundance varied significantly (
Published: 2020

8. Impact of dams and climate change on suspended sediment flux to the Mekong delta

Author: Gianbattista Bussi, Li Jin, Craig W. Hutton, Tristan Berchoux, Daniel R. Parsons, Christopher Hackney, Simon Dadson, Hal Voepel, Paul Whitehead, Grigorios Vasilopoulos, Stephen E. Darby, Andrew Nicholas, School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Geology Department, Suny Cortland, Partenaires INRAE-Partenaires INRAE, Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull [United Kingdom], School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK., Newcastle University [Newcastle], Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Exeter University - Department of geography, University of Exeter, and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)NERC Natural Environment Research Council
Subjects: Delta, ASIE DU SUD EST, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, CLIMATIC CHANGE, MODELS, Drainage basin, Fluvial, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, MODELE, DELTAS, BARRAGE, Environmental Chemistry, SOIL FERTILITY, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, SEDIMENTATION, DAMS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, DELTA, FERTILITE DU SOL, Sediment, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Current (stream), BASSIN VERSANT, WATERSHEDS, 13. Climate action, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, Environmental science, Climate model, SOUTH EAST ASIA, Sediment transport
Abstract: International audience; The livelihoods of millions of people living in the world's deltas are deeply interconnected with the sediment dynamics of these deltas. In particular a sustainable supply of fluvial sediments from upstream is critical for ensuring the fertility of delta soils and for promoting sediment deposition that can offset rising sea levels. Yet, in many large river catchments this supply of sediment is being threatened by the planned construction of large dams. In this study, we apply the INCA hydrological and sediment model to the Mekong River catchment in South East Asia. The aim is to assess the impact of several large dams (both existing and planned) on the suspended sediment fluxes of the river. We force the INCA model with a climate model to assess the interplay of changing climate and sediment trapping caused by dam construction. The results show that historical sediment flux declines are mostly caused by dams built in PR China and that sediment trapping will increase in the future due to the construction of new dams in PDR Lao and Cambodia. If all dams that are currently planned for the next two decades are built, they will induce a decline of suspended sediment flux of 50% (47–53% 90% confidence interval (90%CI)) compared to current levels (99 Mt/year at the delta apex), with potentially damaging consequences for local livelihoods and ecosystems.
Published: 2020

9. A SLM2 Feedback Pathway Controls Cortical Network Activity and Mouse Behavior

Author: Ehrmann, Ingrid, Gazzara, Matthew R., Pagliarini, Vittoria, Dalgliesh, Caroline, Kheirollahi-Chadegani, Mahsa, Yaobo Xu, Cesari, Eleonora, Danilenko, Marina, Maclennan, Marie, Lowdon, Kate, Vogel, Tanja, Keskivali-Bond, Piia, Wells, Sara, Cater, Heather, Fort, Philippe, Santibanez-Koref, Mauro, Middei, Silvia, Sette, Claudio, Clowry, Gavin J., Barash, Yoseph, Cunningham, Mark O., Elliott, David J., Institute of Human Genetics (NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY), Newcastel University, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Medical Research Counc, Centre de recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.NRC), Institute of Genetic Medicine [Newcastle, U.K.], and Newcastle University [Newcastle]
Subjects: Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), hippocampus, Knockout, brain, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Biochemistry, Article, Mice, alternative splicing, RNA Precursors, Animals, Homeostasis, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Settore BIO/16 - ANATOMIA UMANA, Mice, Knockout, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Animal, Pyramidal Cells, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Signal Transducing, Adaptor Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Neurexin splicing, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, neuron, gene expression, RNA binding proteins, RNA-seq, transcriptome, Alternative Splicing, Synapses, Nerve Net, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, lcsh:Biology (General)
Abstract: Summary The brain is made up of trillions of synaptic connections that together form neural networks needed for normal brain function and behavior. SLM2 is a member of a conserved family of RNA binding proteins, including Sam68 and SLM1, that control splicing of Neurexin1-3 pre-mRNAs. Whether SLM2 affects neural network activity is unknown. Here, we find that SLM2 levels are maintained by a homeostatic feedback control pathway that predates the divergence of SLM2 and Sam68. SLM2 also controls the splicing of Tomosyn2, LysoPLD/ATX, Dgkb, Kif21a, and Cask, each of which are important for synapse function. Cortical neural network activity dependent on synaptic connections between SLM2-expressing-pyramidal neurons and interneurons is decreased in Slm2-null mice. Additionally, these mice are anxious and have a decreased ability to recognize novel objects. Our data reveal a pathway of SLM2 homeostatic auto-regulation controlling brain network activity and behavior., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • SLM2 splicing targets are spatially controlled within the hippocampus • RNA-seq reveals SLM2 feedback control and synaptic protein splicing targets • Loss of SLM2 dampens patterns of hippocampal γ oscillations • Loss of SLM2 changes mouse behavior that depends on these neural networks, SLM2 is an RNA binding protein conserved for ∼550 million years. Ehrmann et al. identify a homeostatic feedback pathway that controls SLM2 expression across the brain. Loss of SLM2 protein causes defects in neural network activity and changes mouse behavior.
Published: 2016

10. Monitoring multiple cortical regions during walking in young and older adults: dual-task response and comparison challenges

Author: Lynn Rochester, Lisa Alcock, Samuel Stuart, Rodrigo Vitório, Annette Pantall, Oregon Health and Science University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, B100, fNIRS, Walking, 050105 experimental psychology, Premotor cortex, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Cognition, Physiology (medical), Cortical activity, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Prefrontal cortex, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Supplementary motor area, business.industry, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Middle Aged, SMA, Gait, C600, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Older adults, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Female, Primary motor cortex, business, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Performance of several tasks simultaneously (dual-tasks) is common in everyday walking. Studies indicate that dual-task walking performance declines with age together with cognitive function, but neural mechanisms underpinning deficits remain unclear. Recent developments in mobile imaging techniques, such as functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), allow real-time monitoring of cortical activity during walking. This study aimed to: 1) examine activity in motor and cognitive cortical regions when walking with a dual-task in young and older adults; and 2) determine the effect of cognition on dual-task cortical activity changes. Seventeen young (20.3 ± 1.2 years) and eighteen older adults (72.6 ± 8.0 years) performed dual-task conditions, lasting 5 min, with alternating 30-second experimental blocks. The primary outcome was cortical activity, assessed by measuring changes in oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2) concentrations. Cortical regions of interest (ROI) included motor regions (premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor cortex (M1)), and cognitive regions (prefrontal cortex (PFC)). Cognitive domains were assessed using standard tests and accelerometers were used to extract gait features. Cortical activity increased with a dual-task in PMC, SMA and M1 but not in PFC regions across groups, with response most evident with initial task exposure. Older adults did not increase SMA activity with a dual-task to the same level as young adults. Dual-task cortical response was consistently associated with greater executive function across groups. In conclusion, both young and older adults responded in a similar manner to dual-task conditions. Dual-task walking activated multiple motor regions in both groups, but no significant change occurred for cognitive region activation. Cortical activation with a dual-task related to executive function. Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Rio Claro Institute of Ageing Clinical Ageing Research Unit Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Rio Claro
Published: 2019

11. Using models to establish the financially optimum strategy for Irish dairy farms

Author: Laurence Shalloo, E. Ruelle, Luc Delaby, Michael Wallace, European Union, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, 11/S/132, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), School of agriculture, food and rural development, Newcastle University [Newcastle], European Project: 238562,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-ITN-2008,GREENHOUSEMILK(2009), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, economic, concentrate supplementation, grazing intensity, models, pâturage, Pasture, Stocking, Lactation, Grazing, Milk quota, media_common, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, performance économique, Silage, geography.geographical_feature_category, Commerce, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural sciences, Dairying, medicine.anatomical_structure, Milk, Models, Economic, vache laitière, Costs and Cost Analysis, Female, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Farms, alimentation animale, Poaceae, concentré alimentaire, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Genetics, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, Dry matter, Computer Simulation, European union, pression de pâturage, modélisation, geography, 0402 animal and dairy science, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal Feed, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Dietary Supplements, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, exploitation laitière, Ireland, Sciences agricoles, Food Science
Abstract: peer-reviewed Determining the effect of a change in management on farm with differing characteristics is a significant challenge in the evaluation of dairy systems due to the interacting components of complex biological systems. In Ireland, milk production is increasing substantially following the abolition of the European Union milk quota regime in 2015. There are 2 main ways to increase the milk production on farm (within a fixed land base): either increase the number of animals (thus increasing the stocking rate) or increase the milk production per animal through increased feeding or increased lactation length. In this study, the effect of increased concentrate feeding or an increase in grazing intensity was simulated to determine the effect on the farm system and its economic performance. Four stocking rates (2.3, 2.6, 2.9, and 3.2 cow/ha) and 5 different concentrate supplementation strategies (0, 180, 360, 600, and 900 kg of dry matter/lactation) resulting in 20 different scenarios were evaluated across different milk, concentrate, and silage purchase prices. Each simulation was run across 10 yr of meteorological data, which had been recorded over the period 2004 to 2013. Three models—the Moorepark and St Gilles grass growth model, the pasture-based herd dynamic milk model, and the Moorepark dairy systems model—were integrated and applied to simulate the different scenarios. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the most profitable scenario was a stocking rate of 2.6 cow/ha with a concentrate supplementation of 600 kg of dry matter/cow. The factor that had the greatest influence on profitability was variability of milk price. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the FP7 GreenHouseMilk Marie Curie project and the funding from the Research Stimulus Fund 2011 administered by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Dublin, Ireland; project 11/S/132).
Published: 2017

12. Validation of an ergonomic assessment method using Kinect data in real workplace conditions

Author: Plantard, Pierre, Shum, Hubert P.H., Le Pierres, Anne-Sophie, Multon, Franck, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Faculty of Engineering and Environment [Newcastle], University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], FAURECIA Sièges Automobile S.A., FAURECIA, Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (MIMETIC), MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), This work was partially funded by the Cifre convention N 1222/2012, Faurecia company, École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Work, Real work condition, Kinect, G400, Posture, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Biomechanical Phenomena, Occupational Diseases, Upper Extremity, B900, Humans, RULA, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Workplace
Abstract: International audience; Evaluating potential musculoskeletal disorders risks in real workstations is challenging as the environment is cluttered, which makes it difficult to accurately assess workers' postures. Being marker-free and calibration-free, Microsoft Kinect is a promising device although it may be sensitive to occlusions. We propose and evaluate a RULA ergonomic assessment in real work conditions using recently published occlusion-resistant Kinect skeleton data correction. First, we compared postures estimated with this method to ground-truth data, in standardized laboratory conditions. Second, we compared RULA scores to those provided by two professional experts, in a non-laboratory cluttered workplace condition. The results show that the corrected Kinect data can provide more accurate RULA grand scores, even under sub-optimal conditions induced by the workplace environment. This study opens new perspectives in musculoskeletal risk assessment as it provides the ergonomists with 30 Hz continuous information that could be analyzed offline and in a real-time framework.
Published: 2016

13. Quantitative assessment of the effects of space allowance, group size and floor characteristics on the lying behaviour of growing-finishing pigs

Author: L. Brossard, Sandra Edwards, H.L. Edge, Marie-Christine Meunier-Salaün, J. Y. Dourmad, K.H. de Greef, X. Averós, Systèmes d'élevage, nutrition animale et humaine (SENAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, and Newcastle University [Newcastle]
Subjects: productivity, Space (mathematics), Body weight, SLATTED FLOOR, SF1-1100, LYING BEHAVIOUR, housing systems, Group (periodic table), GROWING-FINISHING PIG, Statistics, Quantitative assessment, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, SPACE REQUIREMENT, large social-groups, feeder type, Mathematics, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, Allowance (engineering), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, growing-finishing pig, lying behaviour, meta-analysis, slatted floor, space requirement, META-ANALYSIS, 040201 dairy & animal science, Regression, Animal culture, welfare, farm-animals, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, growth-performance, physiology, environmental enrichment, Animal Science and Zoology, Allometry, Lying, feeding patterns, Wageningen Livestock Research
Abstract: International audience; To obtain quantitative information that can be later used in animal welfare modelling, the relationship between the lying behaviour of growing-finishing pigs (initial body weight (BW) between 19 and 87 kg) and different factors related to the housing conditions, with a potential negative effect on their welfare, was studied by means of a meta-analytical approach. Data from 22 experiments reported in 21 scientific publications were collected. The space allowance, expressed on an allometric basis by means of a k-value 072 (m(2)/BW(0.667)), the group size (n) and the floor characteristics (fully and partly slatted v. non-slatted floor), as well as their significant two-way interactions were used as fixed effects, and the experiment was used as a random factor to take into account the interexperiment effect. Further regression analyses were performed on the predicted values of observations in order to improve the adjustment of data. A significant quadratic relationship was established between space allowance (k-value, P < 0.05; squared k-value, P < 0.01) and the percentage of time spent lying. A significant interaction between the k-value and the floor type was also found (P < 0.05), showing that the relationship between space allowance and lying behaviour is affected by the presence or absence of slats. Threshold k-values were obtained using broken-line analyses, being about 0.039 for slatted floors and almost double for non-slatted floors. Compared to other studies, these values suggest that the ability to rest as space availability decreases may be compromised before a reduced performance becomes apparent. Group size did not show a significant effect. Additional information should be added to the model, as further data become available, to adjust the proposed parameters as well as to try to include the effect of other important aspects such as that of ambient temperature.
Published: 2010

14. Progress in understanding key aerosol issues

Author: A. Dehbi, Pascal Piluso, Christos Housiadas, Ari Auvinen, Michael W. Reeks, D. Bottomley, F. Parozzi, Luis E. Herranz, J. Ball, V. Layly, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements [Karlsruhe] (ITU ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Karlsruhe] (JRC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), CESI RICERCA, and Newcastle University [Newcastle]
Subjects: Risk perception, Cracks, Aerosol transport, Stochastic modelling, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Complex structure, Remobilization, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Experimental program, Source term, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Integral experiments, Data reviews, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Process engineering, Micro-scales, Waste Management and Disposal, Severe accident, Microscale chemistry, International projects, Source terms, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Turbulence interactions, Atmospheric aerosols, Re-suspension, Risk scenarios, Dry and wet, Particle depositions, Stochastic treatment, Flow fields, CFD models, Empirical data, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Experimental data, Code validation, Severe accidents, Computational fluid dynamics, Concrete wall, 0103 physical sciences, Complex geometries, Predictability, Atmospheric movements, Further development, Aerosols, business.industry, Boiler (power generation), Current capability, Nuclear reactor, Aerosol, Stochastic models, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Primary circuits, Random Walk, Accidents, Concrete cracks, Environmental science, Deposits, business
Abstract: The 6th FWP SARNET project launched a set of studies to enhance understanding and predictability of relevant-risk scenarios where uncertainties related to aerosol phenomena were still significant: retention in complex structures, such as steam generator by-pass SGTR sequences or cracks in concrete walls of an over-pressurised containment, and primary circuit deposit remobilization, either as vapours (revaporisation) or aerosols (resuspension). This paper summarizes the major advances achieved. Progress has been made on aerosol scrubbing in complex structures. Models based on empirical data (ARISG) and improvements to previous codes (SPARC) have been proposed, respectively, for dry and wet aerosol retention, but, further development and validation remains, as was noted during the ARTIST international project and potential successors. New CFD models for particle-turbulence interactions have been developed based on random walk stochastic treatments and have shown promise in accurately describing particle deposition rates in complex geometries. Aerosol transport in containment concrete cracks is fairly well understood, with several models developed but validation was limited. Extension of such validation against prototypic data will be feasible through an ongoing joint experimental program in the CEA COLIMA facility under the 6th Framework PLINIUS platform. Primary deposit revaporisation has been experimentally demonstrated on samples from the Phebus-FP project. Data review has pinpointed variables affecting the process, particularly temperature. Available models have been satisfactorily used to interpret separate-effect tests, but performing integral experiments, where revaporisation is likely combined with other processes, still pose a difficult challenge. Further experimental data as well as modelling efforts seem to be necessary to get a full understanding. Resuspension, sometimes referred to as mechanical remobilization, has been recently addressed in SARNET and although a set of models were already available in the literature (i.e., Rock'n Roll model, CESAR, ECART), further work is needed to extend current capabilities to multi-layer deposits and to produce simplified, but sufficiently accurate, models. A major remaining uncertainty is the particle-to-particle/wall adhesion and its dependence on microscale roughness. Data from the previous EU STORM project have been retrieved and further experiments designed for code validation are being used to benchmark the models. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010

15. Molecular regulation of seed and fruit set

Author: Alisdair R. Fernie, Yong-Ling Ruan, John W. Patrick, Mondher Bouzayen, Sonia Osorio, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (GERMANY), University of Malaga (SPAIN), Newcastle University (UNITED KINGDOM), Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement - ACRCCI (Callaghan, Australia), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), School of Environmental and Life Sciences - SELS (Callaghan, Australia), Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits (GBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Australian Research Council [DP110104931, DP120104148], France's Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX) [ANR-10-LABX-41], Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y MediterrÃ¡nea 'La Mayora' - IHSM (Malaga, Spain), and Universidad de Málaga [Málaga]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sucrose, Ovary (botany), Plant Science, medicine.disease_cause, Parthenocarpy, 01 natural sciences, Solanum lycopersicum, Plant Growth Regulators, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Génétique des plantes, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, Plants, Fragaria, Seeds, Gibberellin, Signal Transduction, Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique, Fruit set, Flowers, Biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Auxin, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Pollen, Botany, medicine, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 030304 developmental biology, Indoleacetic Acids, Seed, fungi, Membrane Transport Proteins, Biological Transport, Parthenocarpic fruit, biology.organism_classification, Gibberellins, Fertility, chemistry, Fruit, Solanum, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Seed and fruit set are established during and soon after fertilization and determine seed and fruit number, their final size and, hence, yield potential. These processes are highly sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses, which often lead to seed and fruit abortion. Here, we review the regulation of assimilate partitioning, including the potential roles of recently identified sucrose efflux transporters in seed and fruit set and examine the similarities of sucrose import and hydrolysis for both pollen and ovary sinks, and similar causes of abortion. We also discuss the molecular origins of parthenocarpy and the central roles of auxins and gibberellins in fruit set. The recently completed strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genomes have added to the existing crop databases, and new models are starting to be used in fruit and seed set studies.
Published: 2012

16. Upwind sail aerodynamics : A RANS numerical investigation validated with wind tunnel pressure measurements

Author: M. Riotte, Ignazio Maria Viola, Patrick Bot, School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale (IRENAV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and the third author received a financial support from Brest Métropole Océane and the ERASMUS scholarship
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], FULL-SCALE, Meteorology, RANS, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Computational fluid dynamics, Quantitative Biology::Other, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0201 civil engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Physics::Popular Physics, Parasitic drag, 0103 physical sciences, DISTRIBUTIONS, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Wind tunnel, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Lift-induced drag, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Laminar flow, Mechanics, Aerodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Aerodynamic force, viscous drag, Drag, Analyse numérique [Mathématique], Physics::Space Physics, laminar separation bubble, Dynamique des Fluides [Physique], yacht, business, CFD, Mécanique: Mécanique des fluides [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Geology, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], sail aerodynamics
Abstract: A novel method similar to marching technique was used to model wind tunnel tests. ► Sail trim criteria based on their interactive effect are identified. ► Areas of separated flow were characterised. ► Local flow field was correlated with sail surface pressures. ► An aerodynamic model based on potential flow with viscous correction is proposed. The aerodynamics of a sailing yacht with different sail trims are presented, derived from simulations performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach was used to model sixteen sail trims first tested in a wind tunnel, where thepressure distributions on the sails were measured. An original approach was employed byusing two successive simulations: the first one on a large domain to model the blockage due to the wind tunnel walls and the sails model, and a second one on a smaller domain to model the flow around the sails model. A verification and validation of the computed aerodynamic forces and pressure distributions was performed. The computed pressure distribution is shown to agree well with the measured pressures. The sail surface pressure was correlated with the increase of turbulent viscosity in the laminar separation bubble, the flow reattachment and the trailing edge separation. The drive force distribution on both sails showed that the fore part of the genoa (fore sail) provides the majority of the drive force and that the effect of the aft sail is mostly to produce an upwash effect on the genoa. An aerodynamic model based on potential flow theory and a viscous correction is proposed. This model, with one free parameter to be determined, is shown to fit the results better than the usual form drag and induced drag only, even if no friction drag is explicitly considered. the third author received a financial support from Brest Métropole Océane and the ERASMUS scholarship
Published: 2012

17. What we talk about when we talk about seasonality – A transdisciplinary review

Author: Tobias Braun, Cameron A. Petrie, Thomas Opel, Cinthya Nava-Fernandez, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Patrick Faulkner, Julie A. Hoggarth, Monica Ionita, Jessica L. Oster, Aurel Perşoiu, Keith M. Prufer, Carole Nehme, Saige Kelmelis, Camilla Francesca Brunello, Saija Saarni, Niklas Hausmann, Annabel Wolf, Ola Kwiecien, Chris Jazwa, Norbert Marwan, Gerd Helle, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Earth Surface Geochemistry [Postdam], GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), The University of Sydney, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie, Baylor University, Emil Racoviță Institute of Speleology (ERIS), Romanian Academy, University of Nevada [Reno], University of South Dakota [Vermillion] (USD), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Vanderbilt University [Nashville], University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Helsinki, Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN)
Subjects: Historical climatology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stalagmite, F800, Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Ice core, medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, geography, Humid continental climate, geography.geographical_feature_category, Varve, Global warming, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, [STAT]Statistics [stat], 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Physical geography
Abstract: The role of seasonality is indisputable in climate and ecosystem dynamics. Seasonal temperature and precipitation variability are of vital importance for the availability of food, water, shelter, migration routes, and raw materials. Thus, understanding past climatic and environmental changes at seasonal scale is equally important for unearthing the history and for predicting the future of human societies under global warming scenarios. Alas, in palaeoenvironmental research, the term ‘seasonality change’ is often used liberally without scrutiny or explanation as to which seasonal parameter has changed and how.\ud \ud Here we provide fundamentals of climate seasonality and break it down into external (insolation changes) and internal (atmospheric CO2 concentration) forcing, and regional and local and modulating factors (continentality, altitude, large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns). Further, we present a brief overview of the archives with potentially annual/seasonal resolution (historical and instrumental records, marine invertebrate growth increments, stalagmites, tree rings, lake sediments, permafrost, cave ice, and ice cores) and discuss archive-specific challenges and opportunities, and how these limit or foster the use of specific archives in archaeological research.\ud \ud Next, we address the need for adequate data-quality checks, involving both archive-specific nature (e.g., limited sampling resolution or seasonal sampling bias) and analytical uncertainties. To this end, we present a broad spectrum of carefully selected statistical methods which can be applied to analyze annually- and seasonally-resolved time series. We close the manuscript by proposing a framework for transparent communication of seasonality-related research across different communities.
Published: 2022

18. Image synthesis for MRI-only radiotherapy treatment planning

Author: Jason Dowling, Laura O'Connor, Oscar Acosta, Parnesh Raniga, Renaud de Crevoisier, Jean-Claude Nunes, Anais Barateau, Hilda Chourak, Jae Hyuk Choi, Peter Greer, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)
Subjects: Radiation therapy, MR-LINAC, Substitute CT, Dose calculation, Pseudo CT, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Synthetic CT, MRI
Abstract: International audience; Electron density information, usually obtained from computed tomography (CT) Hounsfield units, is critical for modern radiation therapy treatment planning. However, CT scans have limited ability to differentiate different types of soft tissue, which has motivated the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve treatment accuracy in radiation oncology. While challenging, the generation of synthetic-CT from MRI opens up opportunities for improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, fusion of functional and structural information, and real-time imaging during treatment through combined MRI-linear accelerators. This chapter presents an overview of synthetic-CT generation, quality assurance, and deployment. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022

19. Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy

Author: Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Laurie Hughes, Abdullah M. Baabdullah, Samuel Ribeiro-Navarrete, Mihalis Giannakis, Mutaz M. Al-Debei, Denis Dennehy, Bhimaraya Metri, Dimitrios Buhalis, Christy M.K. Cheung, Kieran Conboy, Ronan Doyle, Rameshwar Dubey, Vincent Dutot, Reto Felix, D.P. Goyal, Anders Gustafsson, Chris Hinsch, Ikram Jebabli, Marijn Janssen, Young-Gab Kim, Jooyoung Kim, Stefan Koos, David Kreps, Nir Kshetri, Vikram Kumar, Keng-Boon Ooi, Savvas Papagiannidis, Ilias O. Pappas, Ariana Polyviou, Sang-Min Park, Neeraj Pandey, Maciel M. Queiroz, Ramakrishnan Raman, Philipp A. Rauschnabel, Anuragini Shirish, Marianna Sigala, Konstantina Spanaki, Garry Wei-Han Tan, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Giampaolo Viglia, Samuel Fosso Wamba, Emerging Markets Research Centre (EMaRC), School of Management [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, King Abdulaziz University, ESIC Business & Marketing School, Audencia Business School, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Swansea University, Indian Institute of Management Nagpur (IIM Nagpur), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), The Irish Software Engineering Research Centre (LERO), Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), IPAG Business School, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley [Brownsville, TX] (UTRGV), Indian Institute of Management Shillong, BI Norwegian Business School [Oslo], Grand Valley State University, Université Internationale de Rabat (UIR), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Sejong University, University of Georgia [USA], Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], J.E. Cairnes School of Business and Economic, University of North Carolina [Greensboro] (UNCG), University of North Carolina System (UNC), SRV Media Private Ltd, UCSI University, Chang Jung Christian University, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Newcastle University Business School, University of Agder (UIA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Korea University [Seoul], National Institute of Industrial Engineering [Mumbai] (NITIE), Fundação Getúlio Vargas - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo (FGV-EAESP), Fundacao Getulio Vargas [Rio de Janeiro] (FGV), Deemed University, Département Technologies, Information & Management (IMT-BS - TIM), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) (LITEM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Piraeus, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), University of Portsmouth, Toulouse Business School (TBS), and LITEM-NPR
Subjects: Virtual world, Avatars, Metaverse, Computer Networks and Communications, Second life, Augmented reality, Library and Information Sciences, Virtual reality, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Extended reality, VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Information Systems, Z665, VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Biblioteks- og informasjonsvitenskap: 320
Abstract: FNEGE 3, HCERES A, ABS 2; International audience; The metaverse has the potential to extend the physical world using augmented and virtual reality technologies allowing users to seamlessly interact within real and simulated environments using avatars and holograms. Virtual environments and immersive games (such as, Second Life, Fortnite, Roblox and VRChat) have been described as antecedents of the metaverse and offer some insight to the potential socio-economic impact of a fully functional persistent cross platform metaverse. Separating the hype and “meta…” rebranding from current reality is difficult, as “big tech” paints a picture of the transformative nature of the metaverse and how it will positively impact people in their work, leisure, and social interaction. The potential impact on the way we conduct business, interact with brands and others, and develop shared experiences is likely to be transformational as the distinct lines between physical and digital are likely to be somewhat blurred from current perceptions. However, although the technology and infrastructure does not yet exist to allow the development of new immersive virtual worlds at scale - one that our avatars could transcend across platforms, researchers are increasingly examining the transformative impact of the metaverse. Impacted sectors include marketing, education, healthcare as well as societal effects relating to social interaction factors from widespread adoption, and issues relating to trust, privacy, bias, disinformation, application of law as well as psychological aspects linked to addiction and impact on vulnerable people. This study examines these topics in detail by combining the informed narrative and multi-perspective approach from experts with varied disciplinary backgrounds on many aspects of the metaverse and its transformational impact. The paper concludes by proposing a future research agenda that is valuable for researchers, professionals and policy makers alike.
Published: 2022

20. Electro-thermal–mechanical performance of a sensor based on PAN carbon fibers and real-time detection of change under thermal and mechanical stimuli

Author: Yumna Qureshi, Mostapha Tarfaoui, Khalid Lafdi, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Dayton, and University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom]
Subjects: Materials science, F200, H300, 02 engineering and technology, Electromechanical performance, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, PAN carbon fiber sensor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electro-thermal behavior, Thermal, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Composite material, Reproducibility, Mechanical Engineering, Polyacrylonitrile, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Piezoresistive effect, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Real-time monitoring system, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Gauge factor, Structural health monitoring, Deformation (engineering), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a vastly growing field consisting of sensors embedded in or attached with the structure which respond to the strain or other stimuli to monitor the deformation in real-time. In this study, a carbon fiber (CF) sensor was developed using unidirectional Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon filaments aligned straightly together and its sensitivity was calculated experimentally, with the gauge factor (GF) in 10.2-10.8 range. The electro-thermal behavior of this CF sensor showed distinct performance and detected the change in the surrounding temperature. There is a good reproducibility in the results in both piezoresistive and electrothermal behavior of the CF sensor and its electrical performance showed real-time detection of both mechanical and thermal stimuli. The results established that the CF exhibited good potential as a flexible strain sensor for in-situ monitoring of damage or energy release during the failure of composites.
Published: 2021

21. High CO2 permeability in supported molten-salt membranes with highly dense and aligned pores produced by directional solidification

Author: Evangelos I. Papaioannou, Greg A. Mutch, Josh J. Bailey, María Luisa Sanjuán, Rosa I. Merino, Matt D. R. Kok, L. Grima, W. Bucheli, Ian S. Metcalfe, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J. L. Brett, Patricia B. Oliete, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Royal Academy of Engineering, and Newcastle University
Subjects: Materials science, Directional solidification, Dual-phase membranes, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Tortuosity, General Materials Science, Gas separation, CO2 separation membranes, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molten salt, Composite material, Porosity, MgSZ-MgO eutectic, Permeation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Volume fraction, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Composite molten salt-ceramic membranes are promising devices for high-temperature CO2 separation. Intensive material properties impact on separation performance as do membrane geometry (thickness) and microstructure (pore volume fraction, size, connectivity, and tortuosity factor). Although controlling pore size is considered somewhat routine, achieving pore alignment and connectivity is still challenging. Here we report the production of the first gas separation membrane using a porous ceramic matrix obtained from a directionally-solidified magnesium-stabilised zirconia (MgSZ) – MgO fibrilar eutectic as the membrane support. MgO was removed from the parent material by acid-etching to create a porous matrix with highly aligned pores with diameters of ~1 μm. X-ray nano-computed tomography of a central portion (~32,000 μm3) of the support identified ~21% porosity, with all pores aligned within 10° and ~76% percolating along the longest sampled length. Employing the matrix as a support for a carbonate molten salt, a high CO2 permeability of 1.41x10-10 mol.m-1.s-1.Pa-1 at 815 °C was achieved, among the highest reported for supported molten-carbonate membranes (typically 10-12 to 10-10 mol.m-1.s-1.Pa-1 at similar temperatures). We suggest that the high permeability is attributable to the excellent pore characteristics resulting from directional solidification, namely a dense array of parallel, micron-scale pores connecting the feed and permeate sides of the membrane., The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Feder Funds under project MAT2016-77769R. L. Grima acknowledges financial support through grant BES-2017-079683 associated to the aforementioned project. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement Number 320725 and from the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) via grants EP/M01486X/1, EP/P007767/1 and EP/P009050/1. PRS acknowledges the Royal Academy of Engineering (CiET1718/59). PRS, DJLB, JJB and MDK acknowledge the support of The Faraday Institution (faraday.ac.uk; EP/ S003053/1). G. Mutch was supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship Scheme and would like to thank the EPSRC for his Doctoral Prize Fellowship (EP/M50791X/1) and Newcastle University for a Newcastle University Academic Track (NUAcT) Fellowship. X-Ray CT acquisition and analysis was supported by UCL and EPSRC under EP/N032888/1. We thank the Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación-SAI (Universidad de Zaragoza) for technical support in X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy experiments, Rubén Gotor for technical assistance in sample preparation and R. Lahoz for laser-drilling the YSZ plate that serves as the membrane base.
Published: 2021

22. A whole-genome worldwide molecular epidemiology approach for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Author: Loire, Etienne, Ibrahim, Abdoulkarim Issa, Manso-Silván, Lucía, Lignereux, Louis, Thiaucourt, François, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), OIE/FAO and National reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Boubakar Bâ de Tillabéri, LABOCEL, Université de Liège, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], and University of Adelaide
Subjects: Phylogénie, Bioinformatics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Veterinary medicine, Evolutionary biology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Microbiology, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, Bioinformatique, Genetics, Caprin, lcsh:Social sciences (General), lcsh:Science (General), Caprinae, Mycoplasma capricolum, Pleuropneumonie, Séquence d'acides aminés, BioinformatiContagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Whole genome phylogeny, lcsh:H1-99, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Q1-390, Research Article
Abstract: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is an infectious and contagious disease affecting goats and wildlife ruminants, mostly in Africa and Asia. It is caused by a mycoplasma, Mycoplasma capricolum susbp. capripneumoniae, which is very fastidious. This may be the reason why there are few reports of its isolation and characterization. This study describes the development of a whole genome typing strategy based on sequencing reads assemblies on a reference genome (Abomsa, GenBank accession LM995445) and extraction of informative single nucleotide polymorphism. FASTA sequences inferred from the variant calling files were used to establish a comprehensive phylogenetic tree based on 2880 SNPs. This tree included a total of 34 strains originating from all the regions where CCPP has been detected, as well as strains isolated from wildlife. A recent isolate from West-Niger was positioned closely to another 1995 East-Niger isolate, an indication that CCPP may be extending westward in Africa. Six 2013 Tanzanian isolates had identical sequences in spite of diverse geographical origins. This could be explained by the clonal expansion of a virulent strain at that time in East Africa. Although all strains isolated from wildlife in the Middle East were in the same phylogenetic group, this may not sign an adaptation to new hosts. The most probable explanation for wildlife contamination remains the contact with goats. This strategy will easily accommodate new data in the near future and should become a gold-standard high-resolution typing procedure for the surveillance of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia., Bioinformatics; Genetics; Microbiology; Evolutionary biology; veterinary medicine; Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia; Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae; whole genome phylogeny
Published: 2020

23. Effects of update rules on networked N-player trust game dynamics

Author: José J. Ramasco, Manuel Chica, Hussein A. Abbass, Raymond Chiong, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Newcastle University (Australia), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer science, Population, Voter model, Evolutionary game theory, Network topology, Trust, 01 natural sciences, Social networks, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Dictator game, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, education, Numerical Analysis, education.field_of_study, Social network, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Stochastic game, Modeling and Simulation, Pairwise comparison, Update rules, business, Mathematical economics, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract: We investigate the effects of update rules on the dynamics of an evolutionary game-theoretic model – the N-player evolutionary trust game – consisting of three types of players: investors (trusters), trustworthy trustees, and untrustworthy trustees. Interactions among players are constrained by local neighborhoods predefined by spatial or social network topologies. We compare different evolutionary update rules with behaviors that rely on the level of payoffs obtained by neighbors. In particular, we study the dynamics resulting from players using a deterministic rule (i.e., unconditional imitation with and without using a noise process induced by a voter model), a stochastic pairwise payoff-based strategy (i.e., proportional imitation), and stochastic local Wright-Fisher processes. We study these dynamics with different social network structures and varying levels of game difficulty. We see that there are significant differences on the level of promoted trust and global net wealth depending on the update rule. Under ‘harder’ game settings, rules based on unconditional imitation achieve the highest global net wealth in the population. We observe that there are key spatio-temporal correlations in the system for all rules. The update rules lead to the formation of fractal structures on a lattice, and low frequencies in the output signal of the system (i.e., long-term memory) when the rules are stochastic., This work is jointly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the National Agency for Research Funding AEI, and ERDF (EU) under grants EXASOCO (PGC2018-101216-B-I00) and PACSS (RTI2018-093732-B-C22), and incentive funds from the School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Australia. M. Chica is supported through the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2016-19800). J. J. Ramasco acknowledges partial funding from the Maria de Maeztu program of the AEI for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711).
Published: 2019

24. Rhenium-functionalized covalent organic framework photocatalyst for efficient CO2 reduction under visible light

Author: Shu Ying Li, Guangshan Zhu, Shuang Meng, Igor Telegeev, Terence Xiaoteng Liu, Oumaima Thili, Mohamad El-Roz, Xiaoqin Zou, Northeast Normal University, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center [Columbia], University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Laboratoire catalyse et spectrochimie (LCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom]
Subjects: Materials science, F300, F100, F200, H300, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, F500, Rhenium functionalization, 2D covalent organic framework, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Bipyridine, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, General Materials Science, Photocatalysis, Reaction conditions, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, General Chemistry, Rhenium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, CO2 reduction, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, Covalent bond, Molecular catalysis, 0210 nano-technology, Covalent organic framework, Visible spectrum
Abstract: International audience; The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) into value-added chemicals under photochemical conditions has attracted increasing attention in recent years. One of the great challenges is to develop novel active catalysts under visible light irradiation with sustained lifetime and high activity. In this regard, herein, we report a highly efficient, stable and recyclable photocatalyst by embedding photoactive rhenium complex (Re(CO) 5 Cl) into porous, crystalline, bipyridine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The rhenium post-metallated COFs exhibits salient photocatalytic activity towards CO 2 reduction into CO under visible light. The quantity of the CO produced on Re-functionalized COFs is twice higher than that produced on the famous Re(bpy)(CO) 3 Cl (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) molecular photocatalyst under similar reaction conditions.
Published: 2019

25. Optimization of intensities and locations of diffuse spots in indoor optical wireless communications

Author: Salah S. A. Obayya, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Korany R. Mahmoud, Mahmoud Wafik Eltokhey, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffusion (acoustics), Uniform distribution (continuous), Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, H600, Acoustics, Particle swarm optimization, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Delay spread, Power (physics), Optical wireless communications, Background noise, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Position (vector), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In this paper, optimization of diffuse spots' parameters in indoor optical wireless communications (OWC) system is carried out by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. By simultaneously optimizing the diffusion spots' locations and intensities, we show an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the delay spread at the receivers, while considering both the background noise and the multipath dispersion. A comparison is made between different optimization scenarios, to illustrate the effect of varying the parameters that are being optimized. We show that the optimization of both intensities and locations of diffuse spots resulted in improvement up to 42% and 23% in the average delay spread and the average SNR, respectively, compared with the centrally located position of diffuse spots' distribution, with respect to the receivers' locations, which has a uniform distribution of power.
Published: 2019

26. The effect of fragmentation on the distribution of hillslope rock size and abundance: Insights from contrasting field and model data

Author: Juan Vicente Giráldez, Andrea Román-Sánchez, Garry Willgoose, Tom Vanwalleghem, Adolfo Peña, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, and University of Newcastle (Australia)
Subjects: Hillslope, Single factor, Soil Science, Weathering, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Landscape evolution, Soil formation, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Rock fragment, Soil water, Particle-size distribution, Vertical particle size distribution, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Rock fragmentation model, Particle size, Transect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The disintegration of rocks into soil plays an important role in geomorphological processes, such as the evolution of hillslopes and river valleys. Nevertheless, the factors and processes controlling the physical weathering of rock particles are poorly understood. In this study, the surface and subsurface distribution of rock fragments abundance and size is measured in ten soil profiles along three hillslopes transects. For the surface horizons, we observed a significant linear relation between the ninth decile of the diameter, d90, and hillslope gradient and for both surface and subsurface horizons, a significant logarithmic relation between d90 and rock fragment abundance. For the first time, the performance of various fragmentation models is compared against field data to evaluate if the surface rock distribution can be explained from fragmentation of the subsurface material only. In six profiles these fragmentation models adequately reproduced the observed particle size distribution. In the other four profiles, all located on eroding hillslopes, armouring dominates over fragmentation and the surface rock distribution is coarser compared to the subsurface. Generally, the profiles have a good fit to almost all models with the exception of two. However, we can differentiate two zones in terms of fragmentation mechanism according to the modelling results. The profiles in the transect located along a gently sloping hillslope, and the two other profiles, along a steep river valley. In the models, we consider physical weathering as the single factor of particle size evolution, except or two models where conceptual chemical weathering of the fine fraction is considered, although this chemical weathering was not specifically designed to explore soil water chemistry or mineralogy in detail. The observed discrepancies between field data and the results of this study, especially in the fine fraction, reveal the possible relevance of chemical or biological weathering, redistribution processes and the lower accuracy of the number of fine fraction classes established and measured than in the coarse fraction for the field data., This work has been funded by projects AGL2012-40128-C03-02 and AGL2015-65036-C3-2-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). Andrea Román-Sánchez is funded by a Contratos Predoctorales Fellowship with reference BES-2013-067009 and by research stay funding with reference EEBB-I-16-11812 (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spanish Government) in University of Newcastle, Australia.
Published: 2019

27. Effect of aragonite to calcite transformation on the geochemistry and dating accuracy of speleothems. An example from Castañar Cave, Spain

Author: Russell N. Drysdale, Rebeca Martín-García, John Hellstrom, Silvia Frisia, Álvaro Rodríguez-Berriguete, Ana María Alonso-Zarza, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Melbourne
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Recrystallization (geology), Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Stalagmite, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isotope fractionation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, U/Th dating, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Aragonite, Geology, Speleothems, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Isotope geochemistry, engineering, Carbonate
Abstract: Aragonite speleothems are increasingly being used as high-resolution climate proxies; however, aragonite is unstable and susceptible to diagenetic transformation into calcite leading to mineralogical, textural and geochemical alterations that have not been fully investigated. To provide some insights to these modifications, this study combines stable isotope geochemistry and U-series dating with petrological observations and EMPA elemental analyses to characterize a stalagmite from Castañar Cave (Cáceres, Spain) that shows primary aragonite diagenetically altered and with reverse ages. The diagenetic processes include recrystallization to calcite, micritization and dissolution. Characterization and interpretation of the chemistry and nature of the waters from which the aragonite precipitated, and of the ones that subsequently formed the calcite, indicates that both polymorphs formed from the same fluids. These fluids hydrochemically evolved from an “aragonite mode” to a “calcite mode” along a diagenetic path within the sample. The results show that during transformation the system stayed close in one of the stages, and open in the other with the same textural result. Reverse ages are found either in the recrystallized areas or in the primary aragonite, caused by two different U-remobilization mechanisms, U-leaching due to flowing waters on the surface, and U-loss during the transformation process. These results highlight the complex behavior of speleothems during diagenesis and the impact on the geochemical information of the primary and secondary phases, and thus the importance of petrological and geochemical characterization of speleothems for paleoclimatic studies., This work was carried out under project CGL2014-54818-P from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.
Published: 2019

28. Development and evaluation of the herd dynamic milk model with focus on the individual cow component

Author: E. Ruelle, Luc Delaby, Laurence Shalloo, Michael Wallace, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], European Project: 238562, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, model evaluation, pâturage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], condition scoring, état corporel, simulation models, Ice calving, Stocking, Pregnancy, Lactation, Grazing, dairy cows, Animal Husbandry, 2. Zero hunger, body condition score, milk yield, modelling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Animal husbandry, Animal culture, Dairying, Parity, Milk, medicine.anatomical_structure, vache laitière, Body Composition, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Female, France, Animal feed, Context (language use), Biology, modèle de simulation, Models, Biological, SF1-1100, Animal science, medicine, Animals, grazing, production de lait, modélisation, 0402 animal and dairy science, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, Dietary Supplements, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Herd, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, Ireland, analyse de sensibilité
Abstract: The herd dynamic milk (HDM) model is a dynamic model capable of simulating the performance of individual dairy animals (from birth to death), with a daily time step. Within this study, the HDM model is described and evaluated in relation to milk production, body condition score (BCS) and BCS change throughout lactation by comparing model simulations against data from published experimental studies. The model's response to variation in genetic potential, herbage allowance and concentrate supplementation was tested in a sensitivity analysis. Data from experiments in Ireland and France over a 3-year period (2009-11) were used to complete the evaluation. The aim of the Irish experiment was to determine the impact of different stocking rates (SRs) (SR1: 3.28 cow/ha, SR2: 2.51 cow/ha) on key physical, biological and economic performance. The aim of the French experiment was to evaluate over a prolonged time period, the ability of two breeds of dairy cows (Holstein and Normande) to produce and to reproduce under two feeding strategies (high level and low level) in the context of compact calving. The model evaluation was conducted at the herd level with separate evaluations for the primiparous and multiparous cows. The evaluation included the two extreme SRs for the Irish experiment, and an evaluation at the overall herd and individual animal level for the different breeds and feeding levels for the French data. The comparison of simulation and experimental data for all scenarios resulted in a relative prediction error, which was consistently
Published: 2016

29. De Novo Variants in the F-Box Protein FBXO11 in 20 Individuals with a Variable Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Author: Lilian Bomme Ousager, Anne Gregor, Bruno Dallapiccola, Sébastien Moutton, Marwan Shinawi, Heather C Mefford, Eduardo Calpena, Satoko Kumada, Joseph D. Symonds, Candace T. Myers, Antonio Novelli, Melissa Lees, Bertrand Isidor, Tobias B. Haack, Augusta M. A. Lachmeijer, Francisco Martínez, Anita Rauch, André Reis, Carmen Orellana, Pascal Joset, Rebecca Buchert, Laurence Faivre, Naomichi Matsumoto, Frances Elmslie, Ajoy Sarkar, Katharina Steindl, Mónica Roselló, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Lynette G. Sadleir, Victoria Harrison, Agatino Battaglia, Alex Henderson, Sally Ann Lynch, Felix Distelmaier, Ange Line Bruel, Paranchai Boonsawat, Noriko Miyake, Heinrich Sticht, David Hunt, Carey McDougall, Addie I. Nesbitt, Silvia Azzarello-Burri, Avni Santani, Reza Asadollahi, Benjamin Cogné, Elaine H. Zackai, Ken Saida, Christiane Zweier, Institute of Human Genetics [Erlangen, Allemagne], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Equipe GAD (LNC - U1231), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service de génétique médicale - Unité de génétique clinique [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], St. George's Hospital, Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Temple Street Children's University Hospital [Dublin], Yokohama City University School of Medecine (YCUSM), Yokohama University School of Medecine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Institute of Medical Genetics, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Philadelphia, PA, USA], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Nottingham Regional Genetics Service [Nottingham, UK], City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK]-Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [UK], Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics (Austin Health and Royal Children’s Hospital), University of Melbourne-Austin Health, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Microcephaly, FBXO11, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases, Protein family, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, FBXO11, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Report, Intellectual Disability, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Genetics, Missense mutation, Humans, Genetics(clinical), Exome, Child, Genetics (clinical), Loss function, Exome sequencing, Genetic Association Studies, F-Box Proteins, Ubiquitination, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, neurodevelopmental disorder, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Female, Haploinsufficiency, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Next-generation sequencing combined with international data sharing has enormously facilitated identification of new disease-associated genes and mutations. This is particularly true for genetically extremely heterogeneous entities such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Through exome sequencing and world-wide collaborations, we identified and assembled 20 individuals with de novo variants in FBXO11. They present with mild to severe developmental delay associated with a range of features including short (4/20) or tall (2/20) stature, obesity (5/20), microcephaly (4/19) or macrocephaly (2/19), behavioral problems (17/20), seizures (5/20), cleft lip or palate or bifid uvula (3/20), and minor skeletal anomalies. FBXO11 encodes a member of the F-Box protein family, constituting a subunit of an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex. This complex is involved in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and thus in controlling critical biological processes by regulating protein turnover. The identified de novo aberrations comprise two large deletions, ten likely gene disrupting variants, and eight missense variants distributed throughout FBXO11. Structural modeling for missense variants located in the CASH or the Zinc-finger UBR domains suggests destabilization of the protein. This, in combination with the observed spectrum and localization of identified variants and the lack of apparent genotype-phenotype correlations, is compatible with loss of function or haploinsufficiency as an underlying mechanism. We implicate de novo missense and likely gene disrupting variants in FBXO11 in a neurodevelopmental disorder with variable intellectual disability and various other features.
Published: 2018

30. Poor cognitive ageing: vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions

Author: Lucie Geurts, Tommy Cederholm, Louise Dye, Jon E.L. Day, Sophie Layé, John W.C. Sijben, Alina Solomon, Ben A. Bahr, Martijntje Bakker, Bruno Vellas, Peter Willatts, M. Hasan Mohajeri, Aniko Korosi, Vittorio Calabrese, Keith Wesnes, Raphael Wittenberg, Sandrine Thuret, Jeremy P. E. Spencer, Diána Bánáti, David Vauzour, Sophie Miquel, John F. Cryan, Jonathan A. Farrimond, Claire Champ, Stuart Maudsley, Dragan Milenkovic, Esther Aarts, Wim Vanden Berghe, Mars-Wrigley, Partenaires INRAE, University of Leeds, The White House, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university [Nijmegen], University of North Carolina, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe), Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University College Cork (UCC), Lucozade Ribena Suntory Ltd, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, University of Antwerp (UA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University-Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Reading (UOR), King‘s College London, University of East Anglia, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Wesnes Cognition Limited, University of Exeter, Department of Psychology [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, School of Psychology, University of Dundee, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, University of California (UC), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, cognition, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cognitive decline, Biochemistry, neuro-inflammation, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Organism, Geriatrics, Aged, 80 and over, Preventive diet, Brain, Neuroprotection, 3. Good health, Neurology, neuroprotection, Plant-food bioactives, preventive diet, Biotechnology, medicine.medical_specialty, Geriatrik, Nutritional Status, Dysfunctional family, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Dementia, Animals, Humans, Obesity, Biology, Molecular Biology, Aged, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, business.industry, Nutrients, medicine.disease, cognitive decline, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Ageing, Neuro-inflammation, Cognitive Aging, plant-food bioactives, Human medicine, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diet Therapy
Abstract: International audience; Background Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. Objectives This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop ‘Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms’ in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). Conclusion Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.
Published: 2018

31. Biomonitoring for the 21st Century: Integrating Next-Generation Sequencing Into Ecological Network Analysis

Author: James J. N. Kitson, Darren M. Evans, Manuel Plantegenest, Stephane A. P. Derocles, David A. Bohan, François Massol, Alex J. Dumbrell, Charlie Pauvert, Corinne Vacher, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Environmental change, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology (disciplines), Population, Biodiversity, robustness, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ecological network, education, molecular approach, education.field_of_study, food web, business.industry, Ecology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Ecological network, Data sharing, machine learning, 030104 developmental biology, environmental changes, metabarcoding, biomonitoring, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, next-generation sequencing, Species richness, ecosystem services, business
Abstract: International audience; Ecological network analysis (ENA) provides a mechanistic framework for describing complex species interactions, quantifying ecosystem services, and examining the impacts of environmental change on ecosystems. In this chapter, we highlight the importance and potential of ENA in future biomonitoring programs, as current biomonitoring indicators (e.g. species richness, population abundances of targeted species) are mostly descriptive and unable to characterize the mechanisms that underpin ecosystem functioning. Measuring the robustness of multilayer networks in the long term is one way of integrating ecological metrics more generally into biomonitoring schemes to better measure biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Ecological networks are nevertheless difficult and labour-intensive to construct using conventional approaches, especially when building multilayer networks in poorly studied ecosystems (i.e. many tropical regions). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides unprecedented opportunities to rapidly build highly resolved species interaction networks across multiple trophic levels, but are yet to be fully exploited. We highlight the impediments to ecologists wishing to build DNA-based ecological networks and discuss some possible solutions. Machine learning and better data sharing between ecologists represent very important areas for advances in NGS-based networks. The future of network ecology is very exciting as all the tools necessary to build highly resolved multilayer networks are now within ecologists reach.
Published: 2018

32. A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

Author: Bentley, Michael J., Ó Cofaigh, Colm, Anderson, John B., Conway, Howard, Davies, Bethan, Graham, Alastair G.C., Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Hodgson, Dominic A., Jamieson, Stewart S.R., Larter, Robert, Mackintosh, Andrew N., Smith, James A., Verleyen, Elie, Ackert, Robert, Bart, Philip J., Berg, Sonja, Brunstein, Daniel, Canals, Miquel, Colhoun, Eric A., Crosta, Xavier, Dickens, William A., Domack, Eugene, Dowdeswell, Julia, Dunbar, Robert, Ehrmann, Werner, Evans, Jeffrey, Favier, Vincent, Fink, David, Fogwill, Christopher J., Glasser, Neil F., Gohl, Karsten, Golledge, Nicholas R., Goodwin, Ian, Gore, Damian B., Greenwood, Sarah L., Hall, Brenda L., Hall, Kevin, Hedding, David W., Hein, Andrew S., Hocking, Emma P., Jakobsson, Martin, Johnson, Joanne S., Jomelli, Vincent, Jones, R. Selwyn, Klages, Johann P., Kristoffersen, Yngve, Kuhn, Gerhard, Leventer, Amy, Licht, Kathy, Lilly, Katherine, Lindow, Julia, Livingstone, Stephen J., Massé, Guillaume, Mcglone, Matt S., Mckay, Robert, Melles, Martin, Miura, Hideki, Mulvaney, Robert, Nel, Werner, Nitsche, Frank O., O'Brien, Philip E., Post, Alexandra L., Roberts, Stephen J., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patricia M., Simms, Alexander R., Spiegel, Cornelia, Stolldorf, Travis D., Sugden, David E., van Der Putten, Nathalie, van Ommen, Tas, Verfaillie, Deborah, Vyverman, Wim, Wagner, Bernd, White, Duanne A., Witus, Alexandra E., Zwartz, Dan, Department of Geography, Durham University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRC Geociencies Marines, GRC, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Stanford University, Centre for glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University-Aberystwyth University, Department of biomedical sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, University of Calgary, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Institute for Biomechanics, Colgate University, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of integrative biology (Liverpool), University of Liverpool, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), NIFS, National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Gent University, Department of Biology, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], University of West London, Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, Division of Migratory Birds - Northeast Region, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lund University [Lund], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Geology and Geochemistry [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Earth and Climate
Subjects: Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Kvartærgeologi, glasiologi: 465 [VDP], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Modelling, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Quaternary geology, glaciology: 465 [VDP], Quaternary, HISTORY, MASS-BALANCE, COLLAPSE, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, WEDDELL SEA EMBAYMENT, CONSTRAINTS, LEVEL CHANGE, Geology, RETREAT, Antarctic Ice Sheet, STREAM STABILITY, Glacial geology, ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, PENINSULA
Abstract: The Weddell Sea sector is one of the main formation sites for Antarctic Bottom Water and an outlet for about one fifth of Antarctica’s continental ice volume. Over the last few decades, studies on glacialegeological records in this sector have provided conflicting reconstructions of changes in ice-sheet extent and ice-sheet thickness since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM at ca 23e19 calibrated kiloyears before present, cal ka BP). Terrestrial geomorphological records and exposure ages obtained from rocks in the hinterland of the Weddell Sea, ice-sheet thickness constraints from ice cores and some radiocarbon dates on offshore sediments were interpreted to indicate no significant ice thickening and locally restricted grounding-line advance at the LGM. Other marine geological and geophysical studies concluded that subglacial bedforms mapped on theWeddell Sea continental shelf, subglacial deposits and sediments over-compacted by overriding ice recovered in cores, and the few available radiocarbon ages from marine sediments are consistent with major ice-sheet advance at the LGM. Reflecting the geological interpretations, different icesheet models have reconstructed conflicting LGM ice-sheet configurations for the Weddell Sea sector. Consequently, the estimated contributions of ice-sheet build-up in the Weddell Sea sector to the LGM sealevel low-stand of w130 m vary considerably. In this paper, we summarise and review the geological records of past ice-sheet margins and past icesheet elevations in the Weddell Sea sector. We compile marine and terrestrial chronological data constraining former ice-sheet size, thereby highlighting different levels of certainty, and present two alternative scenarios of the LGM ice-sheet configuration, including time-slice reconstructions for post- LGM grounding-line retreat. Moreover, we discuss consistencies and possible reasons for inconsistencies between the various reconstructions and propose objectives for future research. The aim of our study is to provide two alternative interpretations of glacialegeological datasets on Antarctic Ice- Sheet History for the Weddell Sea sector, which can be utilised to test and improve numerical icesheet models
Published: 2014
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33. Nitric acid activation of graphite granules to increase the performance of the non-catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for MFC applications

Author: Narcis Duteanu, Yujie Feng, Benjamin Erable, Makarand M. Ghangrekar, Keith Scott, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences - CRAES (CHINA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Harbin Institute of Technology (CHINA), Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur (INDIA), Politehnica University of Timisoara (ROMANIA), Newcastle University (UNITED KINGDOM), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Microbial fuel cell, Chemistry, Granule (cell biology), engineering.material, Electrochemistry, Electrocatalyst, Catalysis, Oxygen reduction reaction, High voltage, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, lcsh:Industrial electrochemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Nitric acid, engineering, Génie chimique, Noble metal, Graphite, Activated granules, Génie des procédés, Nuclear chemistry, lcsh:TP250-261
Abstract: Nitric acid and thermal activation of graphite granules were explored to increase the electrocatalytic performance of dissolved oxygen reduction at neutral pH for microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications. Electrochemical experiments showed an improvement of +400 mV in open circuit potential for graphite granules when they were activated. The improvement of ORR performance observed with activated granules was correlated to the increase of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface of the activated material and the emergence of nitrogen superficial groups revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis on its surface.The use of activated graphite granules in the cathodic compartment of a dual-chamber MFC led to a high open circuit voltage of 1050 mV, which is among one of the highest reported so far. The stable performance of this cathode material (current density of 96 A m−3 at +200 mV/Ag–AgCl) over a period of 10 days demonstrated its applicability as a cathode material without any costly noble metal. Keywords: Microbial fuel cell, Oxygen reduction reaction, Activated granules, High voltage
Published: 2009

34. Biological and Microbial Fuel Cells

Author: Narcis Duteanu, Makarand M. Ghangrekar, Benjamin Erable, Keith Scott, Eileen Hao Yu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur (INDIA), Politehnica University of Timisoara (ROMANIA), Newcastle University (UNITED KINGDOM), Sayigh, Ali, Cruden, Andrew, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Energie électrique, Materials science, Microbial fuel cell, Immobilized enzyme, Mediator, Biotechnologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Microbial, Enzyme immobilization, Process engineering, Redox polymer, Energy recovery, Waste management, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Biofuel cells, 6. Clean water, Enzymes, 0104 chemical sciences, Renewable energy, Anode, Electricity generation, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, Sewage treatment, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Biological fuel cells have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their applications in environmental treatment, energy recovery, and small-scale power sources. Biological fuel cells are capable of producing electricity in the same way as a chemical fuel cell: there is a constant supply of fuel into the anode and a constant supply of oxidant into the cathode; however, typically the fuel is a hydrocarbon compound present in the wastewater, for example. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are also a promising technology for efficient wastewater treatment and generating energy as direct electricity for onsite remote application. MFCs are obtained when catalyst layer used into classical fuel cells (polymer electrolyte fuel cell) is replaced with electrogenic bacteria. A particular case of biological fuel cell is represented by enzyme-based fuel cells, when the catalyst layer is obtained by immobilization of enzyme on the electrode surface. These cells are of particular interest in biomedical research and health care and in environmental monitoring and are used as the power source for portable electronic devices. The technology developed for fabrication of enzyme electrodes is described. Different enzyme immobilization methods using layered structures with self-assembled monolayers and entrapment of enzymes in polymer matrixes are reviewed. The performances of enzymatic biofuel cells are summarized and approaches on further development to overcome current challenges are discussed. This innovative technology will have a major impact and benefit to medical science and clinical research, health care management, and energy production from renewable sources. Applications and advantages of using MFCs for wastewater treatment are described, including organic matter removal efficiency and electricity generation. Factors affecting the performance of MFC are summarized and further development needs are accentuated.
Published: 2012

35. Visuomotor transformations for reaching to memorized targets: a PET study

Author: Daniela Perani, Marco Carrozzo, Valentino Bettinardi, F. Fazio, F. Grassi, Yves Rossetti, Francesco Lacquaniti, Emmanuel Guigon, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Action-Neuroimagerie-Modelisation (ANIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Oral Medicine, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI)-Sez. Zoologia Scienze Naturali, Espace et Action, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-IFR19-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), INB-CNR, University of Milan, Scientific Institute H San Raffaele, Milano, Italy, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI)-Sez. Zoologia Scienze Naturali, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Lacquaniti, F., Perani, DANIELA FELICITA L., Guigon, E., Bettinardi, V., Carrozzo, M., Grassi, F., Rossetti, Y., Fazio, F., Lacquaniti, F, Perani, D, Guigon, E, Bettinardi, V, Carrozzo, M, Grassi, F, Rossetti, Y, and Fazio, F
Subjects: Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, brain, Inferior frontal gyrus, Visual Field, Superior parietal lobule, Intraparietal sulcus, tomography, dominance, Settore BIO/09, orientation, dominance, cerebral, visual fields, middle aged, nerve net, female, mental recall, regional blood flow, tomography, emission-computed, visual pathways, humans, psychomotor performance, attention, image processing, computer-assisted, brain mapping, adult, reference values, Supramarginal gyrus, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reference Value, Visual Pathway, emission-computed, Dominance, Cerebral, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Working memory, Precentral gyrus, Limbic lobe, image processing, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, computer-assisted, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], cerebral, Psychology, Neuroscience, Human, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to identify cortical and subcortical regions involved in the control of reaching to visual targets. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in eight healthy subjects using H2(15)O PET during the performance of three different tasks. All tasks required central fixation while a 400-ms target was flashed every 5 s at a random location around a virtual circle centered on the fixation target. Additional instructions differed according to the task: (i) visual detection of the target without overt responses; (ii) immediate pointing to the most recent target in the sequence, and (iii) pointing to the previous target in the sequence. By design, the two motor tasks differed in the cognitive processing required. In each trial of immediate pointing, the spatial location of only the most recent target needed to be processed. In each trial of pointing to the previous, instead, while the most recent target was stored in memory for the movement of the next trial, the previous target had to be retrieved from memory to direct the current movement. Limb trajectories were comparable between the two motor tasks in terms of most spatiotemporal parameters examined. Significant rCBF increases were identified using analysis of covariance and t statistics. Compared with visual detection there was activation of primary sensorimotor cortex, ventrolateral precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus in the opercular region, supramarginal gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus, all these sites in the hemisphere (left) contralateral to the moving limb, and cerebellar vermis, during both immediate pointing and pointing to the previous. During immediate pointing there was additional activation of left inferior parietal lobule close to the intraparietal sulcus, and when compared with pointing to the previous, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally. During pointing to the previous, instead, there was additional activation of supplementary motor cortex, anterior and midcingulate, and inferior occipital gyrus in the left hemisphere; superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, and posterior hippocampus in the right hemisphere; lingual gyri and cerebellar hemispheres bilaterally; anterior thalamus; and pulvinar. The activation of two partially distinct cerebral networks in these two motor tasks reflects the different nature of signal processing involved. In particular, the specific activation of intraparietal sulcus and prefrontal cortex in immediate pointing appears characteristic of a network for visuospatial working memory. By contrast, the corticolimbic network engaged in pointing to the previous could mediate spatial attention and the sequence of encoding, recording, and decoding of spatial memories required by a dual task with two competing targets.
Published: 1997

36. A randomised crossover design study comparing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two single Doses of ORal Aspirin (75 mg v 150mg) in pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia (DORA): implications on assessing aspirin response and patient adherence to therapy.

Author: Vinogradov R, Kavanagh ON, Palmer J, Murphy P, Curtis E, Kamali F, and Robson S
Abstract: Background: Pregnancy is associated with physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of many drugs. Low-dose aspirin is used for pre-eclampsia (PE) prevention; however aspirin's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are poorly studied in pregnant women., Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamics of two common doses of aspirin (75 and 150 mg) used for PE prevention in high-risk women by examining their effect on thromboxane B 2 (TbxB 2 ) inhibition. A secondary objective sought to assess if salicylic acid could be used as means to evaluate adherence to aspirin., Study Design: Fourteen pregnant women from a large maternity unit in England, eligible for prophylactic aspirin according to NICE guidance, were recruited into 2 x 2 randomised crossover trial. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19-hours post ingestion of either 75 or 150 mg of aspirin with a 7-day washout period. Plasma concentrations of salicylic acid (SA), the primary metabolite of aspirin, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacodynamic response to aspirin was assessed by measuring serum thromboxane B 2 (TbxB 2 ) concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analyte data were compared using nonparametric test statistics for paired values (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) and areas under serum SA concentration versus time curve (AUC). Pharmacokinetic modelling was used to bridge the data arising from the overnight sampling break. The trial was registered with the ISRCTN (reg number ISRCTN14693054)., Results: A single dose of 150 mg of aspirin produced higher plasma exposure of SA in comparison to 75 mg (median SA AUC 0-19 16.7 μg*h/ml (IQR 15.2-19.3) vs 6.8 μg*h/ml (IQR 6.1- 8.3), p<0.001). Pharmacokinetic models suggest that plasma SA concentrations could be detected above the maximum concentration recorded at baseline for the first 11 hours after 75 mg and for 12 hours after 150 mg aspirin dosing, providing a time frame to confirm recent aspirin ingestion. The 150 mg aspirin dose produced a greater normalised reduction in serum TbxB 2 (median normalised reduction 95.7% (IQR 92.6%- 97.3%) than the 75 mg dose (median normalised reduction 84.6% (IQR 77.3-92.3%), p<0.007., Conclusion: Compared to the 75 mg dose, 150 mg of aspirin more effectively inhibits TbxB 2 , providing rationale for further investigation of effectiveness of higher doses for pre-eclampsia prevention. Despite limitations, measuring serum SA concentration could still be used in future models to test adherence if done within 11-12 hours after ingestion., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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37. Twelve-Month Clinical Trial Results of a Novel, Dorsal Horn Dendrite Stimulation Waveform for Chronic Neuropathic Low Back Pain.

Author: Russo MA, Volschenk W, Bailey D, Santarelli DM, Holliday E, Barker D, Dizon J, and Graham B
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel subperception spinal cord stimulation (SCS) waveform paradigm designed to target the dorsal horn dendrites for treating chronic neuropathic low back pain (LBP). The final 12-month results are reported here., Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven participants were implanted with a commercial SCS system. Devices were programmed to deliver the waveform (frequency 100 Hz, pulse width 1000 μsec, T9-T10 disk bipole) at decreasing stimulation perception threshold amplitudes (80%, 60%, then 40%) over a 14-week period. Participants were blinded to the program settings. Participants then received their preferred program for further evaluation at 26 and 52 weeks after activation. Outcome measures included back pain score (visual analogue scale [VAS]), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), treatment satisfaction, and clinician global impression of change (CGIC)., Results: At 52 weeks (n = 24), the responder rate (≥50% pain relief) was 65.6%, and the high-responder rate (≥80% pain relief) was 56.5%. The mean change from baseline in pain VAS was -43.94 mm (95% CI -57.89, -30.00; p < 0.001) and mean pain relief was 64.69% ± 39.43%. BPI and SF-36 scores remained significantly improved (p ≤ 0.001). EQ-5D-5L index and EuroQoL-VAS further improved, and 87.0% of participants met the minimum clinically important difference for the EQ-5D-5L index. Treatment satisfaction was 83%, and 91% of participants had a CGIC rating of "much improved" or above. No serious study-related adverse events were reported., Conclusions: The 12-month trial results show sustained improvements in pain, quality of life, and health-related outcomes. This novel subperception dorsal horn dendrite SCS approach seems a safe and promising treatment option for patients with chronic neuropathic LBP. The open-source availability of this waveform on commercial SCS platforms allows widespread patient access. Further evaluation seems warranted., Clinical Trial Registration: The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is ACTRN12618000647235 (anzctr.org.au)., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Marc A. Russo reports nonpaid consultancies to Abbott, Boston Scientific, Mainstay Medical, Medtronic, Nevro, Presidio Medical, Saluda Medical, and Stimwave; research activities (paid to research institution) for Boston Scientific, Mainstay Medical, Medtronic, Nevro, Presidio Medical, and Saluda Medical; equity holdings in Lungpacer and SPR Therapeutics; and options in Saluda Medical and Presidio Medical. Willem Volschenk reports research activities for Mainstay Medical, Medtronic, Nevro, Presidio Medical, and Saluda Medical. The remaining authors reported no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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38. The trophodynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine food webs: The importance of trophic level span from insights into Liaodong Bay (China).

Author: Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Sanganyado E, Wang Z, Ma S, Tian J, and Zhang Y
Abstract: The occurrence and trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystems is vital to assess ecological risks. PAHs concentrations were analyzed in seawater, sediment, plankton, and marine species (15 fish species, 8 invertebrate species, 3 marine mammals), collected from Liaodong Bay (China). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification were calculated to demonstrate the biotransfer pattern of PAHs from the environmental matrix to high-level predators through the food web. Total PAHs concentrations ranged from 81.2 to 197.6 ng/L in seawater, 51.4-304.8 ng/g (dw) in sediment, and 65.3 to 28,885 ng/g (lw) in all biota samples. Three- and four-ring PAHs constituted major components (>81% in each case) of PAH congener profiles. Lower biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) values indicated limited bioaccumulation of PAHs within marine organisms. Also, 77% of biomagnification factors (BMF TL ) values of PAHs in spotted seal and finless porpoise were >1, whereas opposite transfer patterns of PAHs were observed in food webs with trophic values of 1.5-3.5 and 3.0-4.0; that is, trophic dilution (trophic magnification factor (TMF) < 1) and trophic magnification (TMF >1), respectively. This study provides novel insights into the importance of TL span for trophodynamics of PAHs within food webs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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39. Structural characterization of red yeast rice-derived polysaccharide and its promotion of lipid metabolism and gut function in high-fat diet-induced mice.

Author: Qi L, Chen Z, Wang D, Wang L, Soliman MM, El-Bahy SM, Guo Z, El-Bahy ZM, Zhang M, Hu P, and Zhao K
Abstract: This study explored the structure and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide, PRY1-1, isolated from red yeast rice (RYR) through solid-state fermentation and biotransformation by Monascus purpureus. The structure of PRY1-1 was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and other analytical techniques, revealing distinct differences from previously identified mycelial and extracellular polysaccharides. Functional assessments were performed on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice to evaluate the impact of PRY1-1 on lipid metabolism and gut function. The results demonstrated that PRY1-1 effectively ameliorated HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) by regulating the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), leptin, adiponectin. Additionally, PRY1-1 protected gut function by enhancing gut barrier integrity, modulating gut microbiota composition, and regulating gut metabolite levels. This study offers new insights into the mechanisms by which RYR polysaccharides influence lipid metabolism, highlighting the potential of PRY1-1 as a functional component with significant health benefits., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have declared that no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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40. Sympathetic reinnervation in cardiac transplant recipients: Prevalence, time course and association with long-term survival.

Author: Weiner OJF, Das M, Clayton RH, McComb JM, Murray A, Parry G, and Lord SW
Abstract: Background: Partial cardiac sympathetic reinnervation after cardiac transplant has been extensively investigated and evidenced. However, there have been no large-scale, long-term studies evaluating the prevalence, time-course, and association with long-term survival of sympathetic reinnervation of the heart., Methods: Cardiac transplant recipients (n=232) were recruited from outpatient clinic at a single transplant centre in the United Kingdom. Participants were each tested once for the presence of sympathetic reinnervation of the sinus node using the low frequency component of power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, with a cut-off defined as 2 standard deviations above the mean for denervated participants (those tested <56 days post-transplant). Time-course was calculated based on the timing of testing post-transplant. Patients were then followed-up over a period of up to 27 years after transplant for survival analysis., Results: The overall prevalence of cardiac sympathetic reinnervation in the 225 patients tested >56 days post-transplant was 64.9%. Sympathetic reinnervation primarily occurred in the first 18 months after transplant, with a plateau thereafter. The prevalence in participants tested >18 months post-transplant was 69.6%. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, sympathetic reinnervation was associated with significantly improved survival (Log-rank P=0.019), with a median survival time for reinnervated patients of 19.9 years compared to 14.4 years for the denervated group., Conclusions: Sympathetic reinnervation of the sinus node occurs mostly within 18 months of transplant, is found in 70% of cardiac transplant recipients tested >18 months post-transplant, and is associated with significantly improved long-term survival., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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41. Moving from features to functions: Bridging disciplinary understandings of urban environments to support healthy people and ecosystems.

Author: Yuille A, Davies J, Green M, Hardman C, Knight J, Marshall R, Armitt H, Bane M, Bush A, Carr V, Clark R, Cox S, Crotty F, de Bell S, Edwards A, Ferguson J, Fry R, Goddard M, Harrod A, Hoyle HE, Irvine K, Lambrick D, Leonardi N, Lomas M, Lumber R, MacLean L, Manoli G, Mead B, Neilson L, Nicholls B, O'Brien L, Pateman R, Pocock M, Scoffham H, Sims J, and White P
Abstract: Contact with nature can contribute to health and wellbeing, but knowledge gaps persist regarding the environmental characteristics that promote these benefits. Understanding and maximising these benefits is particularly important in urban areas, where opportunities for such contact is limited. At the same time, we are facing climate and ecological crises which require policy and practice to support ecosystem functioning. Policies are increasingly being oriented towards delivering benefits for people and nature simultaneously. However, different disciplinary understandings of environments and environmental quality present challenges to this agenda. This paper highlights key knowledge gaps concerning linkages between nature and health. It then describes two perspectives on environmental quality, based respectively in environmental sciences and social sciences. It argues that understanding the linkages between these perspectives is vital to enable urban environments to be planned, designed and managed for the benefit of both environmental functioning and human health. Finally, it identifies key challenges and priorities for integrating these different disciplinary perspectives., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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42. Cost-effectiveness of an extended-role general practitioner clinic for persistent physical symptoms: results from the Multiple Symptoms Study 3 (MSS3) pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Author: Neilson AR, Mooney C, Sutton L, White D, Dawson J, Rowlands G, Thomas RE, Woodward J, Deary V, and Burton C
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an extended-role general practitioner (GP) symptoms clinic (SC), added to usual care (UC) for patients with multiple persistent physical symptoms (sometimes known as "medically unexplained symptoms")., Methods: A 52-week within-trial cost-utility analysis of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing SC+UC (n=178) against UC alone (n=176), conducted from the primary perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS) and personal and social services (PSS). Base-case quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were measured using EQ-5D-5L. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation (MI). Cost-effectiveness results were presented as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and incremental net monetary benefits (INMBs). Uncertainty was explored using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (using 1000 non-parametric bootstrapped samples) and sensitivity analysis (including societal costs, using SF-6D and capability ICECAP-A outcomes to estimate QALYs and years of full capability (YFC) respectively, varying intervention costs, missing data mechanism assumptions)., Results: Multiple imputation analysis showed that, compared to UC alone, SC+UC was more expensive [(adjusted mean cost difference: 704; 95% CI:£605, £807)] and more effective [(adjusted mean QALY difference: 0.0447 (95% CI:0.0067, 0.0826)] yielding an ICER of £15,765/QALY, INMB of £189.22 (95% CI:-£573.62, £948.28) and a 69% probability of the SC+UC intervention arm being cost-effective at a threshold of £20000 per QALY. Results were robust to most sensitivity analyses, but sensitive to missing data assumptions (2 of the 8 scenarios investigated), SF-6D and ICECAP-A quality of life outcomes., Conclusions: A Symptoms Clinic is likely to be a potentially cost-effective treatment for patients with persistent physical symptoms., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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43. Prognostic Value of Repeated Peak Oxygen Uptake Measurements in LVAD Patients.

Author: Nielsen WH, Szymanski MK, Mirza KK, Van Laake LW, Schmidt T, Brahmbhatt DH, Billia F, Hsu S, MacGowan G, Jakovljevic DG, Agostoni P, Trombara F, Jorde UP, Rochlani Y, Vandersmissen K, Reiss N, Russell SD, Meyns B, and Gustafsson F
Abstract: Background: Peak oxygen uptake (pVO 2 ) predicts mortality in heart failure patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. This follow-up of the PRO-VAD study examines the prognostic value of repeated pVO 2 measurements during long-term follow-up., Methods: This multicenter follow-up study included patients from the original PRO-VAD cohort who performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) twice. Patients were categorized into four groups based on pVO 2 levels at the two CPETs: Low at both tests, Low at the first and High at the second test, High at the first and Low at the second test, and High at both tests. Low pVO 2 was defined as ≤14 mL/kg/min (or ≤12 mL/kg/min if beta-blocker tolerant), while values above these thresholds were considered High. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and cause-specific Cox analysis., Results: The study included 152 patients with repeated CPETs at approximately 6 and 12 months following LVAD implantation. The cohort showed slight but significant pVO 2 improvement (median change: 0.4 mL/kg/min, P = 0.04). Persistently High pVO 2 (76 patients) was associated with a fivefold reduction in mortality hazard (HR 0.20, P = 0.002), compared to persistently Low pVO 2 (46 patients). Improvement from Low to High pVO 2 (21 patients) displayed similar benefits (HR 0.21, P = 0.02)., Conclusion: pVO 2 measurements remain predictive of mortality upon reiteration in LVAD patients, with changes in pVO 2 providing additional prognostic value in identifying patients with an excellent outcome on ongoing LVAD support and in identifying patients requiring further interventions., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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44. Surface acoustic wave platform integrated with ultraviolet activated rGO-SnS 2 nanocomposites to achieve ppb-level dimethyl methylphosphonate detection at room-temperature.

Author: Zhang J, Zhou J, Chen H, Guo Y, Tian Q, Xia Y, Qin G, Xie J, and Fu Y
Abstract: Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is commonly used as an alternative for demonstrating to detect sarin, which is one of the most toxic but odorless chemical nerve agents. Among various types of DMMP sensors, those utilizing surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology provide notable advantages such as wireless/passive monitoring, digital output, and a compact, portable design. However, key challenges for SAW-based DMMP sensors operated at room temperature lies in simultaneous enhancement of sensitivities and reduction of detection limits. In this study, we developed a binary material strategy by combining reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and tin disulfide (SnS 2 ) with (100)-facets orientation as sensing layers of SAW device for DMMP detection utilized at room temperature. Ultraviolet (UV) light was applied to activate the sensitive film and reduce the sensor's response time. The developed SAW DMMP sensor demonstrated a superior sensitivity (-1298.82 Hz/ppm), a low detection limit of 50 ppb, and a hysteresis below 1.5%, along with fast response/recovery time (39.2 s/28.4 s), excellent selectivity, long-term stability and repeatability. The formation of shrub-like rGO-SnS 2 heterojunctions with abundant surface defects and large specific surface areas, high-energy (100) crystalline surfaces of SnS 2 , and photogenerated carriers generated by UV irradiation were pinpointed as the crucial sensing mechanisms. These factors collectively enhanced adsorption and reaction dynamics of DMMP molecules., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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45. Final analysis of the ALTTO trial: adjuvant trastuzumab in sequence or in combination with lapatinib in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer [BIG 2-06/NCCTG N063D (Alliance)].

Author: de Azambuja E, Piccart-Gebhart M, Fielding S, Townend J, Hillman DW, Colleoni M, Roylance R, Kelly CM, Lombard J, El-Abed S, Choudhury A, Korde L, Vicente M, Chumsri S, Rodeheffer R, Ellard SL, Wolff AC, Holtschmidt J, Lang I, Untch M, Boyle F, Xu B, Werutsky G, Tujakowski J, Huang CS, Baruch NB, Bliss J, Ferro A, Gralow J, Kim SB, Kroep JR, Krop I, Kuemmel S, McConnell R, Moscetti L, Knop AS, van Duijnhoven F, Gomez H, Cameron D, Di Cosimo S, Gelber RD, and Moreno-Aspitia A
Abstract: Background: Dual anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade has improved the outcomes of patients with early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Here we present the final 10-year analysis of the ALTTO trial., Patients and Methods: The ALTTO trial (NCT00490139) is a prospective randomized, phase III, open-label, multicenter study that investigated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab alone, in combination or sequentially with lapatinib. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), time to distant recurrence and safety., Results: Overall, 6281 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were included in the final efficacy analysis in three treatment groups: trastuzumab (T), lapatinib + trastuzumab (L + T) and trastuzumab followed by lapatinib (T→L). Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups. At a median follow-up of 9.8 years, the addition of lapatinib to trastuzumab and chemotherapy did not significantly improve DFS nor OS. The 10-year DFS was 77% in T, 79% in L + T and 79% in T→L, and the 10-year OS was 87%, 89% and 89%, respectively. The incidence of any cardiac event was low and similar in the three treatment groups., Conclusions: With a longer follow-up, no significant improvement was observed in DFS in patients treated with dual anti-HER2 blockade with lapatinib + trastuzumab compared to trastuzumab alone. The 10-year survival rates for the combination group are consistent with other studies that have explored dual anti-HER2 therapy., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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46. Efficacy of a culturally adapted, cognitive behavioural therapy-based intervention for postnatal depression in British south Asian women (ROSHNI-2): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Author: Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Miah J, Chew-Graham CA, Bee P, Waqas A, Pierce M, Sharma D, Atif N, Aseem S, Bhui K, Bower P, Brugha T, Chaudhry N, Ullah A, Davies L, Gire N, Kai J, Morrison J, Mohmed N, Rathod S, Siddiqi N, Sikander S, Waheed W, Mirza I, Williams C, Zaidi N, Emsley R, Rahman A, and Morriss R
Subjects: Humans, Female, Adult, United Kingdom, Treatment Outcome, Culturally Competent Care, Young Adult, Asian People psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods, Depression, Postpartum therapy, Depression, Postpartum ethnology
Abstract: Background: Postnatal depression necessitates timely and effective interventions to mitigate adverse maternal and child outcomes in the short term and over the life course. British south Asian women with depression are often underserved and undertreated due to stigma, language barriers, and cultural barriers. This trial aimed to test the clinical efficacy of a culturally adapted, group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention, the Positive Health Programme (PHP), delivered by non-specialist health workers for postnatal depression in British south Asian women., Methods: This study was a randomised controlled trial, with culturally adapted recruitment and an internal pilot, comparing the PHP (intervention group) with treatment as usual (control group) in British south Asian women with postnatal depression. The study was conducted at five centres across the UK. Participants were aged 16 years or older, met the DSM-5 criteria for depression, and had infants aged 0-12 months. Randomisation (1:1) was stratified by centre, with a block size of 18, and was done through an independent remote telephone service. The PHP was delivered over 12 group sessions in 4 months. The primary outcome was recovery from depression (defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS] score ≤7) at 4 months after randomisation, and an assessment was also done at 12 months. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis including only participants with non-missing outcome data; we used a random-effects logistic regression model including fixed covariates for study site, baseline depression severity (HDRS score), parity, and years in education and a random coefficient for therapy group. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN (ISRCTN10697380)., Findings: Of the 9136 individuals approached for recruitment between Feb 8, 2017, and March 29, 2020, 4296 women were eligible for and consented to screening, among whom 732 screened positive and were randomly allocated: 368 (50%) to the PHP group and 364 (50%) to the control group. Participants were mostly of Pakistani (397 [55%] of 719 with available data), Indian (176 [24%]), or Bangladeshi ethnicity (127 [18%]), with an overall mean age of 31·4 years (SD 5·2), with their youngest infants having a mean age of 23·6 weeks (14·2). At 4 months from randomisation, the proportion of participants who showed recovery from depression on the HDRS was significantly higher in the PHP group (138 [49%] of 281) than in the control group (105 [37%] of 281; adjusted odds ratio 1·97 [95% CI 1·26-3·10]). At the 12-month follow-up, this difference was no longer significant (1·02 [95% CI 0·62-1·66])., Interpretation: In British south Asian women with postnatal depression, a culturally adapted group CBT-based intervention could aid in quicker recovery from depression compared with treatment as usual. Further research is needed to identify how to sustain the treatment effect and establish strategies for scale-up., Funding: UK National Institute for Health and Care Research., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests CW has written two CBT-based self-help resources for postnatal low mood and class-based and online postnatal low mood courses unrelated to the PHP; and is the Director of Five Areas, a limited company that commercialises these resources and of which he is a shareholder. NH has been a past Trustee of the Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Abaseen Foundation UK, Lancashire Mind UK, and Manchester Global Foundation; is an executive member of the Academic Faculty at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, London; and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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47. Temporal trend and regional disparity in the investigations for stable chest pain in Europe: An insight from the PIONEER IV trial.

Author: Tsai TY, Serruys PW, Wykrzykowska J, Sharif F, Rosseel L, Benit E, Alkhalil M, De Wilder K, Curzen N, Renkens M, Revaiah PC, Baumbach A, Smits PC, Nash P, Garg S, Dewey M, Lüscher TF, and Onuma Y
Abstract: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and fractional flow reserve with CCTA (FFRCT) have been endorsed by the ACC/AHA Chest Pain guidelines to streamline the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), but there is still a significant lack of adherence. In our study of 673 stable chest patients without known CAD from 5 European countries, we found that CCTA is the most common noninvasive diagnostic test, but nearly 40 % of them still underwent upfront CAD. Additionally, there was no temporal improvement trend, and the integration of FFRCT is low. We highlighted the urgent need to improve diagnostic processes and update reimbursement policies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships, which may be considered as potential competing interests: Patrick W. Serruys reports a relationship with Sino Medical Sciences Technology Inc. that includes funding grants. Patrick W. Serruys reports a relationship with Sahajanand Medical Technologies Pvt Ltd that includes: funding grants. Patrick W. Serruys reports a relationship with Philips Medical Systems Nederland BV that includes: funding grants. Patrick W. Serruys reports a relationship with Xeltis BV that includes: funding grants. Scot Garg reports a relationship with Biosensors Europe SA that includes: consulting or advisory. Thomas F Luscher reports a relationship with Abbott Cardiovascular that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Amgen Europe GmbH that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Daiichi Sankyo Inc that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Novo Nordisk Inc that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Sanofi SA that includes: funding grants. Thomas F. Luscher reports a relationship with Vifor (International) AG that includes: funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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48. The Effect of Sleep Duration and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness on All-Cause Dementia: A Longitudinal Analysis from the Hunter Community Study.

Author: Khaing K, Dolja-Gore X, Nair BR, Byles J, and Attia J
Abstract: Objectives: It has been proposed that abnormal sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness might be risk factors for dementia. This study assessed the interaction between sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness, and the effect of sleep duration in the presence or absence of excessive daytime sleepiness on dementia risk in community-dwelling older adults., Design: A longitudinal study., Setting and Participants: Data from 2187 community-dwelling participants with mean age 70 years from the Hunter Community Study were included in this study., Methods: Participants were classified as participants with long sleep duration (slept >8 hours per night), recommended sleep duration (7-8 hours) as per the National Sleep Foundation, or short sleep duration (slept <7 hours per night). The Berlin Questionnaire was used to identify excessive daytime sleepiness. Dementia was defined as per International Classification of Diseases, 10 th Revision codes. To calculate all-cause dementia risk, the Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard model was computed with death as a competing risk., Results: Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 64 participants developed dementia and 154 deaths were identified. The average onset of dementia was 5.4 years. Long sleep duration was associated with increased dementia risk only in the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% confidence interval 1.03-7.91). A statistically significant interaction was found between excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep duration for all-cause dementia., Conclusions and Implications: Long sleep duration with excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia. This suggests the importance of promoting awareness of healthy sleep and the possible role of nurturing good quantity and quality sleep in reducing the risk of dementia., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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49. Outcomes from the International Society of Nephrology Haemolytic Uraemic Syndromes International Forum.

Author: Kavanagh D, Ardissino G, Brocklebank V, Bouwmeester RN, Bagga A, Ter Heine R, Johnson S, Licht C, Ma ALT, Noris M, Praga M, Rondeau E, Sinha A, Smith RJH, Sheerin NS, Trimarchi H, Wetzels JFM, Vivarelli M, Van de Kar NCAJ, and Greenbaum LA
Abstract: The haemolytic uraemic syndromes (HUS) are a heterogeneous group of conditions only some of which are mediated by complement (CaHUS). We report the outcome of the 2023 International Society of Nephrology HUS International Forum where a global panel of experts considered the current state of the art, identified areas of uncertainty, and proposed optimal solutions. Areas of uncertainty and areas for future research included: the nomenclature of HUS; novel complement testing strategies; identification of biomarkers; genetic predisposition to aHUS; optimal dosing and withdrawal strategies for C5 inhibitors; treatment of kidney transplantation recipients; disparity of access to treatment; and the next generation of complement inhibitors in CaHUS. The current rationale for optimal patient management is described., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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50. Postoperative pain and neurocognitive outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Author: Khaled M, Sabac D, Fuda M, Koubaesh C, Gallab J, Qu M, Lo Bianco G, Shanthanna H, Paul J, Thabane L, and Marcucci M
Abstract: Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are common after noncardiac surgery. Postsurgical pain is frequent and can persist as chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). The association between postsurgical pain and POD or POCD is biologically plausible. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the association between acute postsurgical pain or CPSP and POD or POCD in adults undergoing noncardiac surgery., Methods: We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL and PSYCHINFO up to May 2023. We included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies of any language. Pairs of reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the CLARITY tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Where possible, we conducted random-effects meta-analyses to summarise our findings., Results: We analysed 30 studies (>9000 participants) that assessed the association between acute postoperative pain and POD/POCD. Dose-response meta-analyses found that postoperative pain intensity was associated with occurrence of POD (adjusted relative risk [aRR]/unit of pain intensity: 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.35; low certainty of evidence) and risk of developing POD (aRR/unit of pain intensity: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08-1.30; low certainty of evidence). There was very low certainty of evidence regarding the association between postoperative pain and POCD. No studies assessed the association between CPSP and POCD. Residual confounding and substantial methodological variability between studies prevented pooling data from many of the included studies and lowered certainty of evidence., Conclusions: Dose-response meta-analyses found that postoperative pain intensity was associated with occurrence of and risk of developing POD., Systematic Review Protocol: PROSPERO-CRD42021192105., (Copyright © 2024 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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