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Schistosomiasis, caused by flatworm parasites, is a widespread disease resulting in chronic illness and fatalities globally. Given the risk of drug resistance and limited treatment options, finding new therapeutic options are crucial for managing and controlling this neglected tropical disease. In this research, various in-silico methods including Density-Functional-Theory (DFT) computations, Molecular-docking, molecular dynamics simulations and Pharmacokinetic evaluation were employed to identify ten potential inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 (SmHDAC8). The modeled activities (pIC50) of these newly designed compounds (ranging between 7.110 and 6.959) surpassed that of the hit compound 19 (pIC50 = 6.445) and the standard reference control, Praziquantel (pIC50 = 5.989). Moreover, the MolDock scores (ranging between −188.964 and −158.351 kcal/mol) for these proposed compounds in the SmHDAC8 binding cavity outperformed the hit template 19 (MolDock score: −122.516 kcal/mol) and the Praziquantel (−110.245 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the conformational stability of the top three designed compounds (19a, 19i, and 19j) in the SmHDAC8 binding cavity was examined through a 100 ns of Molecular Dynamics simulation. Additionally, the drug-likeness and ADMET predictions of these compounds indicated favorable oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles. This study offers a reliable in-silico approach for identifying potential agents against Schistosomiasis.

With the progress in two distinct areas of nanotechnology and aptamer identification technologies, the two fields have merged to what is known as aptamer nanotechnology. Aptamers have varying properties in the biomedical field include their small size, non-toxicity, ease of manufacturing, negligible immunogenicity, ability to identify a wide range of targets, and high immobilizing capacity. Nevertheless, aptamers can utilize the distinct characteristics offered by nanomaterials like optical, magnetic, thermal, electronic properties to become more versatile and function as a novel device in diagnostics and therapeutics. This engineered aptamer conjugated nanomaterials, in turn provides a potentially new and unique properties apart from the pre-existing characteristics of aptamer and nanomaterials, where they act to offer wide array of applications in the biomedical field ranging from drug targeting, delivery of drugs, biosensing, bioimaging. This review gives comprehensive insight of the different aptamer conjugated nanomaterials and their utilization in biomedical field. Firstly, it introduces on the aptamer selection methods and roles of nanomaterials offered. Further, different conjugation strategies are explored in addition, the class of aptamer conjugated nanodevices being discussed. Typical biomedical examples and studies specifically, related to drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging have been presented.

AA5083 with ultrafine grain structure was produced through equal channel angular pressing using different levels of ECAP tensions, underwent a series of tensile tests. The superplasticity temperature 573 K at low temperatures. This study investigate how varying the ECAP strain influences the distinctive microstructure of the alloy and its impact on deformation mechanisms within the low-temperature superplasticity range. A fraction of the high angle borders increased when the equal channel angular pressing strain was increased from 1 to 2, while the sub-grain size stayed nearly same. This was the most applicable microstructural evolution. After double passes, the material showed superplastic elongations, but after single pass, it did not show low temperature superplasticity. Upon analyzing the mechanical data using typical deformation mechanisms, it was determined that dislocation climb controlled the samples deformation after the first pass, whereas grain boundary sliding was responsible for the sample's low temperature superplasticity after the second pass. In the present study, we explored the differences in deformation mechanisms by considering the microstructures formed under various ECAP strains. Equal channel angular pressing with a BC route and an effective strain of 1∼2, we created an ultrafine-grained AA5083. A significant increase was seen in the fraction of particles measuring 1.8–3.8 μm under the current ECAP conditions. The implementation of equal channel angular pressing, there was a significant increase in the occurrence of voids with sizes ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 μm. According to the current analysis and results, if moderate superplastic elongation is guaranteed, it may be preferable to have fewer equal channel angular pressing passes than those that result in the largest elongation while taking into account cavitation damage and the low temperature superplasticity of ultrafine grained AA5083 used in commercial applications.

Summary: The paucity of preclinical models that recapitulate COVID-19 pathology without requiring SARS-COV-2 adaptation and humanized/transgenic mice limits research into new therapeutics against the frequently emerging variants-of-concern. We developed virus-free models by C57BL/6 mice receiving oropharyngeal instillations of a SARS-COV-2 ribo-oligonucleotide common in all variants or specific to Delta/Omicron variants, concurrently with low-dose bleomycin. Mice developed COVID-19-like lung pathologies including ground-glass opacities, interstitial fibrosis, congested alveoli, and became moribund. Lung tissues from these mice and bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues from patients with COVID-19 showed elevated levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), HA-family members, an inflammatory signature, and immune cell infiltration. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an oral drug for biliary-spasm treatment, inhibits HA-synthesis. At the human equivalent dose, 4-MU prevented/inhibited COVID-19-like pathologies and long-term morbidity; 4-MU and metabolites accumulated in mice lungs. Therefore, these versatile SARS-COV-2 ribo-oligonucleotide oropharyngeal models recapitulate COVID-19 pathology, with HA as its critical mediator and 4-MU as a potential therapeutic for COVID-19.

Optimization of nature friendly and consistent developments of the green synthesis of nanoparticles have engrossed encouraged in nanotechnology since of its marvelous incentive in modifying metals into nano size to its probable use for human welfares. The present report reveals the young leaves of Pancratium telanganense was exposed for extra-cellular bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its antibacterial actions against bacterial pathogens The eco-friendly biosynthesized AgNps optimized then considered by UV spectrum, FTIR, TEM. Then formed AgNPs were confirmed against bacterial test organisms. The young leaves of Pancratium telanganense were establish to be a noble fabricator of AgNPs. Expansion maximizes exhibited absorbance of 420–425 nm at pH-7, 25 °C with 1 mM AgNO3 concentration and 100 mg of leaves powder crude extract. Auxiliary TEM discovered the types of formation of irregular, fine discrete nanoparticles with size ranging between 20 to 35 nm, the FTIR illustrations the bands at 1644 and 153 8 cm−1 consistent to the necessary ambiances of bands of proteins. Antibacterial activities against bacterial pathogens exhibited good results have shown the maximum inhibition zone about 18 mm and 17 mm respectively at 60 μl of AgNps.

One of the most cutting-edge technologies over the years is the Internet of Things (IoT), which is a major force behind the paradigm shift away from conventional medical practises. The goal of IoT-based eHealth is to provide healthcare services that are more effective and individualised through continuous data exchange between linked devices and enhanced data analytics. The IoT and decision-making systems are the main areas of focus of this programme, which seeks to deliver intelligent and proactive healthcare. By considering the huge array of physiological characteristics and applying potent analytical tools like cluster analysis, it is possible to obtain more insight into health-data. In this study, e-health technologies and remote patient monitoring were developed to assist patients in avoiding hospital visits, especially during viral epidemics. This project will use IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) technology to address these problems. The study's objective is to select the most appropriate and effective number of hidden layers and activation function types for the deep net (NN). Describe the patient data sent using IoT protocols next. NN analyses the information from the patient's medical sensors to choose the optimal option. The diagnosis is then communicated to the physician. The proposed technology enables patients to autonomously recognise and forecast the sickness while also supporting clinicians in remote disease discovery and analysis without requiring patients to attend the hospital.

Objectives: The prevalence of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is increasing in young Indians (18-50 years of age). However, the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in such individuals are poorly understood, presenting distinct challenges for the management of ACS. This study aims to analyze plaque characteristics in young Indian patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging., Methods: This was a prospective, multicentric, non-interventional study on patients aged 18-50 years presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, or unstable angina, and were scheduled to undergo OCT-guided PCI. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were assessed post-procedure and at the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups., Results: The study included 100 ACS patients (mean age = 43.6 ± 5.2 years), with 51% presenting with STEMI. Pre-PCI OCT assessment showed that fibrous plaques (75%) were most common followed by plaques containing macrophages (27%), microchannels (20%), and calcified nodules (14%). In addition, plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and lipid-rich plaques, along with red, white, and mixed thrombi, were observed in 31%, 25%, 24%, 21%, 14%, and 17% (total thrombus occurrence = 52%) of the patients, respectively. At 12 months, the MACE (coronary artery bypass graft) rate was 1%., Conclusions: Young Indian patients with ACS displayed a range of plaque morphologies identified through pre-PCI OCT. Among these, fibrous plaques were the most prominent type, followed by plaques containing macrophages. Additionally, plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and lipid-rich plaques were also observed in this population., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest All authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest. MN is an employee of Abbott Healthcare Pvt Ltd., (Copyright © 2024 Cardiological Society of India. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India, Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.)