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The main objective of this study was to develop sustainable, comfort and cost-effective durable cut-resistant gloves using recycled para-aramid and cotton. Recycled para-aramid fibres were blended with cotton in different blend proportions of 90/10, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30 and spun into yarn of 29.5 tex. A 100% cotton yarn of similar fineness was also spun for comparative purposes. All the developed yarns were then knitted into seamless gloves of 250 g/m2. The gloves were tested for their performance properties such as cut-resistance, abrasion, limited flame spread, and contact heat resistance as per applicable EN & ISO standards. The gloves made from 70/30 recycled para-aramid and cotton showed better performance properties with level C cut resistance, level 4 limited flame spread and level 1 contact heat resistance. The knitted gloves were also analysed for air permeability, q max (Peak heat flux), and the Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR). It is found that addition of cotton up to 30% in the gloves improved the q max and MVTR values without compromising the cut resistance properties. The longitudinal structural study of recycled para-aramid fibres using SEM showed flat and twisted structure with fibre breakage due to fibrillation and stress created during recycling compared cylindrical shape of virgin para-aramid fibre.

Liquid chromatographic separation technique coupled with fluorescence detector (LC-FLD) has been one of the primary sensitive and selective analytical techniques in various science areas including environmental, food, biological, biomedicine etc. Its significance relies on several analytical advantages including cost-effectiveness, enhanced sensitivity, and selectivity performance. However, the desired applications of this technique and detection limits are not always possible without target analytes derivatization. When analytes manipulation is carried out by mere light, the mechanism is called photoderivatization or photochemical reaction. This addition of photochemical reactor has significantly enhanced the LC-FLD capability for selective, sensitive, and reproducible determination of variety of analytes such as pesticides, pharmaceutical drugs, flavonoids, vitamins etc. as compared to chemical pre/post-column derivatization. Herein, we have comprehensively and systematically summarized the development, instrumentation and applications of liquid chromatography-photoinduced fluorescence technique (LC-hv-FLD) to analyze a large number of analytes-residues in various matrices published between the years i.e., 2000 to 2022 along with some outstanding and important contributions before this time span. Moreover, the essential characteristic, advantages/disadvantages, challenges, and future prospects have also been highlighted. We expect this manuscript to be a useful key reference for the future development in fluorescence based chromatographic analysis and inspire new ideas and discoveries in the direction of reagent-less and online derivatization of intrinsically non-fluorescent analytes.

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides remain a worldwide health concern due to their acute or chronic poisoning and widespread use in agriculture around the world. There is a need for robust and field-deployable tools for onsite detection of OP pesticides in food and water. Herein, we present an integrated smartphone/resistive biosensor for simple, rapid, reagentless, and sensitive monitoring of OP pesticides in food and environmental water. The biosensor leverages the hydrolytic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to its substrate, acetylcholine (ACh), and unique transport properties of polyaniline nanofibers (PAnNFs) of chitosan/AChE/PAnNF/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite film on a gold interdigitated electrode. The principle of the sensor relies on OP inhibiting AChE, thus, reducing the rate of ACh hydrolysis and consequently decreasing the rate of protons doping the PAnNFs. Such resulted decrease in conductance of PAnNF can be used to quantify OP pesticides in a sample. A mobile app for the biosensor was developed for analyzing measurement data and displaying and sharing testing results. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor demonstrated a wide linear range (1 ppt–100 ppb) with a low detection limit (0.304 ppt) and high reproducibility (RSD

Abstract Thermostable enzymes are enzymes that can withstand elevated temperatures as high as 50 °C without altering their structure or distinctive features. The potential of thermostable enzymes to increase the conversion rate at high temperature has been identified as a key factor in enhancing the efficiency of industrial operations. Performing procedures at higher temperatures with thermostable enzymes minimises the risk of microbial contamination, which is one of the most significant benefits. In addition, it helps reduce substrate viscosity, improve transfer speeds, and increase solubility during reaction operations. Thermostable enzymes offer enormous industrial potential as biocatalysts, especially cellulase and xylanase, which have garnered considerable amount of interest for biodegradation and biofuel applications. As the usage of enzymes becomes more common, a range of performance-enhancing applications are being explored. This article offers a bibliometric evaluation of thermostable enzymes. Scopus databases were searched for scientific articles. The findings indicated that thermostable enzymes are widely employed in biodegradation as well as in biofuel and biomass production. Japan, the United States, China, and India, as along with the institutions affiliated with these nations, stand out as the academically most productive in the field of thermostable enzymes. This study’s analysis exposed a vast number of published papers that demonstrate the industrial potential of thermostable enzymes. These results highlight the significance of thermostable enzyme research for a variety of applications.

In this article, two different multi-resolution methods based on Haar wavelets are proposed for the numerical solution of two-dimensional Schrödinger equations. Both the linear and nonlinear model equations are considered. The nonlinear term present in the model equation are linearized by a simple linearization technique. After linearization, the first order finite-difference approximation is used to discretize the time derivative and the Schrödinger equation is then converted into full algebraic form, once the space derivatives are approximated by finite Haar series. The stability analysis of the proposed methods are also studied. Both the proposed methods are time efficient as compared to other methods reported in the literature. To check the accuracy and capabilities of the proposed methods, several benchmark cases are considered as test problems.

A series of 6-aryl substituted pyrimidine azodyes were synthesized by coupling of phenyl pyrimidine 2-amine with different aromatic amines. The synthetic compounds were screened for their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The characterization of the synthesized compounds was carried out by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectrophotometry. Computational study of designed compounds was done by OCHEM, Molinspiration cheminformatics, Datawarrior, and Swiss ADME. DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity and heat hemolysis method for anti-inflammatory activity.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cold and room-temperature normal saline as a final irrigation on post-endodontic pain and to compare the post-endodontic pain level between the different protocols. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 105 patients who underwent RCT and were distributed blindly and randomly into three equal groups (n = 35): Group 1, Cryotherapy group; Group 2, Room- temperature normal saline group; and Group 3, Control group. The patients were asked to fill out the VAS questionnaire and register their post-endodontic pain at 6, 24, and 48 h. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and was used to determine statistical difference (α = 0.05) among the groups. Tuckey’s test was used to calculate P-value (α = 0.05) between two each group. Results: The highest post-endodontic pain was in Group 3. There was no significance difference between Group 1 and Group 2. Conclusion: Final flushing of the canal with saline either cold or at room temperature was effective for post-endodontic pain control. This can be promising as an essential step in endodontic treatment to reduce post-endodontic pain. The room-temperature saline as final irrigation showed comparable results to intra-canal cryotherapy. Keywords: Cryotherapy, Endodontics, Post-operative pain, Single-visit RCT

In this paper, a displacement sensor is proposed based on the coupling of scattering loss during the bending of fiber. We adopted a twisted structure of two fiber to couple the scattered loss which caused by bending. Two polymer optical fiber were used in the experiment and the fibers were twisted and bent. When the fiber draft then the bent radius becomes shorter. The scattered-bend loss was arisen from illuminating fiber and being coupled in receiving fiber. The proposed sensor has range about 150 mm and the sensor used for static, dynamic and plane-in-out measurement. The sensor has good linearity between 0 mm to 80 mm, having the sensitivity of 1.26 nW/mm, resolution of 0.79 mm, and repeatability error of 1.26%. The design structure of the sensor is simple, holistic and cost-effective and has potential advantages on industrial application.

The present analysis is devoted to explore the computational solution of the problem addressing the variable viscosity and inclined Lorentz force effects on Williamson nanofluid over a stretching sheet. Variable viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The basic mathematical modelled problem i.e. system of PDE’s is converted nonlinear into ODE’s via applying suitable transformations. Computational solutions of the problem is also achieved via efficient numerical technique shooting. Characteristics of controlling parameters i.e. stretching index, inclined angle, Hartmann number, Weissenberg number, variable viscosity parameter, mixed convention parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter and chemical reactive species on concentration, temperature and velocity gradient. Additionally, friction factor coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are describe with the help of graphics as well as tables verses flow controlling parameters. Keywords: Williamson nanofluid, Temperature depended viscosity, Inclined magnetic field, Mixed convection, Chemical reactive species, Variable viscosity, Shooting method

Variations in the biochemical structure of seven macroalgal species, belonging to different families were investigated along with subsequent analysis of relevant water physico-chemical parameters. Samples were collected from different sites along the Egyptian Qarun Lake during spring of 2017. The relationship between the macroalgal components and ambient water parameters was studied. The results indicated that the macroalgal components differed according to plant species and spatial variations. The green macroalgae species Ulva fasciata was recorded at site 5. It was found to have the highest protein (20.66 ± 0.04%), DCP (15.67 ± 0.04%), P/NFE (0.65 ± 0.01%), P/EV 7.65 ± 0.03 mg crude protein/K cal GE and nitrogen contents (3.31 ± 0.01%). However Cladophora laetevirens collected from site7, had the highest lipid, ME, EV and K contents (3.64 ± 0.00%, 3.25 ± 0.00%, 3.99 ± 0.00 K cal/g and 0.40 ± 0.0%, respectively). Mougeotia genuflexa from site 4, had the highest ash content (53.58 ± 0.08%). Gracilaria corticata from site 6, had the highest NFE and OM contents (76.26 ± 0.15 and 89.68 ± 0.04% respectively) and Enteromorpha intestinalis collected from site 2 had the highest P/L value (11.71 ± 0.02%). Statistical analysis (CCA) showed that some environmental variables such as temperature, NO3, pH, COD and transparency had a strong effect on the macroalgal components and were considered as the most important water variables. While others such as DO, SiO3, NO2 and PO4, exhibited a weak correlation. The present study demonstrates differential response of the macroalgal components to the environmental variables. In addition to the importance of these macroalgal species as a balanced artificial fish and animal feeds, particularly Ulva fasciata, which have the highest nutritional components. Keywords: Biochemical structure, Macroalgae, Water physicochemical parameters

The present study aimed to assess the effect of ecological factors on distribution and species composition of macrophytes and phytoplankton communities at El-Rayah Al-Behery. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the macrophytes and phytoplankton communities were detected in relation to season and sampling site. A total of eleven macrophytes and 100 phytoplankton species were identified. Among the macrophytes, the emergent species Echinochloa stagnina was the most dominant and widely distributed. Phytoplankton community is fairly diverse, related to 7 classes, which contains 3 main classes: Bacillariophyceae (28 taxa), Chlorophyceae (33 taxa) and Cyanophyceae (23 taxa). According to statistical analysis, occurrence of most macrophytes species were reversely affected by DO, COD, BOD and PO4; and closely correlated with NO2, NO3, Temp. and pH values. However, nitrogen and phosphorus are considered as limiting factors for bacillariohyceae growth (r = 0.7). Both temperature and pH have a positive effect on the growth of chlorophyceae (r = 0.9 and 0.8, respectively); while dissolved oxygen is an important parameter that affects on the growth of cyanphyceae (r = 0.8). In addition, existence of Myriophyllium spicatum was associated with increasing of bacillariohyceae and total phytoplankton density (r = 0.7). However, the presence of Polygonum tomentosum was intensely related with chlorophyceae (r = 0.9) and Potamogeton nodosus and Polygonum tomentosum were positively correlated with cyanphyceae. In conclusion, the investigated area was characterized by different taxonomic composition of macrophytes and phytoplankton communities, which varied as a result of changing in water physiochemical characteristics as well as the interaction between different species. Keywords: Ecological assessment, Phytoplankton, Macrophytes

Aluminium based metal matrix composites have drawn more attraction due to their improved properties in structural applications for the past two decades. The fatigue behaviour of composite materials needs to be studied for their structural applications. In this work, powder metallurgy based aluminium (AA2014) alloy reinforced with micro and nano-sized alumina particles were fabricated and consolidated with the hot extrusion process. The evaluation of mechanical properties in the extruded composite was carried out. This composite was subjected to low cycle fatigue test with a constant strain rate. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images were used to evaluate the fatigue behaviour of aluminium-nano composite samples. Enhanced mechanical properties were exhibited by the nano alumina reinforced aluminium composites, when compared to the micron sized alumina reinforced composites. The failure cycle is observed to be higher for the nano alumina reinforced composites when compared with micron sized alumina composites due to a lower order of induced plastic strain.