Potentiometric Biosensors Based on Metal Oxide Nanostructures

Numerous potentiometric biosensors are fabricated via biocatalytic and bioaffinity-based biosensing mechanisms. Only few of them are useful and applicable to the biomedical application and analysis. The most of those sensing schemes are mainly related to the protein metabolism especially urea and creatinine. The emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the biomedical applications has provided the solid platform for the development of sensitive and selective potentiometric biosensors as new generation analytical devices. Therefore, among the nanomaterials, metal oxides are of prime importance for the potentiometric analytical devices due to generation of strong potential signals and excellent biocompatibility with the proteins such as enzymes, antibodies, DNA, and biological cells. This book chapter is dedicated to the recent advancement in the development of potentiometric biosensors such as urea, uric acid, glucose, and cholesterol due to nanoscience from fundamental to advanced configuration approach of devices.