Author: "Duraes, Ar" / Publisher: elsevier - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

4 results on '"Duraes, Ar"'

1. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Paulson, KR, Kamath, AM, Alam, T, Bienhoff, K, Abady, GG, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abd-Elsalam, SM, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abushouk, A, Adamu, AL, Adebayo, OM, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adeyinka, DA, Adsuar, JC, Afshari, K, Aghaali, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, OO, Aklilu, A, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, T, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alumran, AK, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Arzani, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Jafarabadi, MA, Athari, SS, Athari, SM, Atnafu, DD, Atreya, A, Atteraya, MS, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Babaee, E, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barqawi, HJ, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bell, ML, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, BM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bragazzi, NL, Breusov, A, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Busse, R, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camargos, P, Camera, LA, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J-C, Chanie, WF, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, DY, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Conde, J, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dachew, BA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darmstadt, GL, Das, JK, Davila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Deeba, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhingra, S, Dhungana, GP, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Edinur, HA, Efendi, F, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, S, Emami, A, Enany, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Faris, PS, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Franklin, RC, Freitas, M, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gaihre, S, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, WM, Fonseca, MG, Gebremedhin, KB, Getacher, L, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Goudarzi, H, Grivna, M, Gugnani, HC, Guido, D, Guimaraes, RA, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, MM, Hasan, SS, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, RJ, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inamdar, S, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, K, Iqbal, U, Islam, MM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jagnoor, J, Jain, V, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Jayaram, S, Jayatilleke, AU, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, John, O, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kemmer, L, Khalid, N, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khan, MN, Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K, Khater, AM, Khater, MM, Khayamzadeh, M, Khosravi, A, Kim, D, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissoon, N, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lalloo, R, Lami, FH, Landires, I, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, S, Liang, J, Lim, L-L, Limenih, MA, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lodha, R, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, MT, Kunjathur, SM, Magnani, FG, Prasad, DRM, Maheri, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Masoumi, SZ, Maulik, PK, McAlinden, C, McGrath, JJ, Medina-Solis, CE, Nasab, EM, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Miri, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Moore, CE, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Khaneghah, AM, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nena, E, Nepal, S, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Chi, TYN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nigatu, YT, Nigussie, SN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noor, NM, Noubiap, JJ, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Pal, PK, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Pardo-Montano, AM, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Toroudi, HP, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Perez-Gomez, J, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Pilgrim, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Platts-Mills, JA, Pokhrel, KN, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Prada, S, Prakash, S, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Jr, RCR, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Ryan, PM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, MR, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, JA, Samodra, YL, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarker, AR, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, S, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shaheen, AA, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shalash, AS, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siddiqi, TJ, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Silverberg, JIS, Simonetti, B, Singh, BB, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sinha, DN, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Sobaih, BH, Sobhiyeh, MR, Soltani, S, Soriano, JB, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Steiropoulos, P, Stokes, Mark, Stortecky, S, Sufiyan, MB, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Swope, CB, Sykes, BL, Szeto, MD, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, EG, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, MI, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, FH, Tessema, GA, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsapparellas, G, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, Riaz, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Usman, MS, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Giang, TV, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilner, LB, Wiysonge, CS, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Xie, Y, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusuf, SS, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Murray, CJL, Wang, H, Kassebaum, NJ, Paulson, KR, Kamath, AM, Alam, T, Bienhoff, K, Abady, GG, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abd-Elsalam, SM, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abushouk, A, Adamu, AL, Adebayo, OM, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adeyinka, DA, Adsuar, JC, Afshari, K, Aghaali, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, OO, Aklilu, A, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, T, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alumran, AK, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Arzani, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Jafarabadi, MA, Athari, SS, Athari, SM, Atnafu, DD, Atreya, A, Atteraya, MS, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Babaee, E, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barqawi, HJ, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bell, ML, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, BM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bragazzi, NL, Breusov, A, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Busse, R, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camargos, P, Camera, LA, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J-C, Chanie, WF, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, DY, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Conde, J, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dachew, BA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darmstadt, GL, Das, JK, Davila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Deeba, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhingra, S, Dhungana, GP, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Edinur, HA, Efendi, F, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, S, Emami, A, Enany, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Faris, PS, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Franklin, RC, Freitas, M, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gaihre, S, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, WM, Fonseca, MG, Gebremedhin, KB, Getacher, L, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Goudarzi, H, Grivna, M, Gugnani, HC, Guido, D, Guimaraes, RA, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, MM, Hasan, SS, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, RJ, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inamdar, S, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, K, Iqbal, U, Islam, MM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jagnoor, J, Jain, V, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Jayaram, S, Jayatilleke, AU, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, John, O, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kemmer, L, Khalid, N, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khan, MN, Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K, Khater, AM, Khater, MM, Khayamzadeh, M, Khosravi, A, Kim, D, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissoon, N, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lalloo, R, Lami, FH, Landires, I, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, S, Liang, J, Lim, L-L, Limenih, MA, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lodha, R, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, MT, Kunjathur, SM, Magnani, FG, Prasad, DRM, Maheri, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Masoumi, SZ, Maulik, PK, McAlinden, C, McGrath, JJ, Medina-Solis, CE, Nasab, EM, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Miri, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Moore, CE, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Khaneghah, AM, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nena, E, Nepal, S, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Chi, TYN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nigatu, YT, Nigussie, SN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noor, NM, Noubiap, JJ, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Pal, PK, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Pardo-Montano, AM, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Toroudi, HP, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Perez-Gomez, J, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Pilgrim, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Platts-Mills, JA, Pokhrel, KN, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Prada, S, Prakash, S, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Jr, RCR, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Ryan, PM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, MR, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, JA, Samodra, YL, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarker, AR, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, S, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shaheen, AA, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shalash, AS, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siddiqi, TJ, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Silverberg, JIS, Simonetti, B, Singh, BB, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sinha, DN, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Sobaih, BH, Sobhiyeh, MR, Soltani, S, Soriano, JB, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Steiropoulos, P, Stokes, Mark, Stortecky, S, Sufiyan, MB, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Swope, CB, Sykes, BL, Szeto, MD, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, EG, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, MI, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, FH, Tessema, GA, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsapparellas, G, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, Riaz, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Usman, MS, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Giang, TV, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilner, LB, Wiysonge, CS, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Xie, Y, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusuf, SS, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Murray, CJL, Wang, H, and Kassebaum, NJ
Published: 2021

2. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Gakidou, E
Published: 2021

3. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

Author: Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, J, Catapano, AL, Chugh, SS, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, DeCleene, N, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Solà, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, AM, Mokdad, A, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, IM, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Beaton, A, Carapetis, JR, Chugh, S, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, FGR, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, AE, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Faris, PS, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, AK, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebregzabiher, KZ, Gebremeskel, GG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goudarzian, AH, Goulart, AC, Guadamuz, JS, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islam, RM, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, AS, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Khader, YS, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khatab, K, Kibria, GMA, Kim, YJ, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimäki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kwan, GF, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, WR, Laxmaiah, A, LeGrand, KE, Li, M-C, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lim, L-L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lugo, A, M, NK, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, DK, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, MA, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, AA, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, RI, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, HLT, Nixon, MR, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nouthe, BE, Nowak, C, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, SM, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, UK, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, VCF, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, HQ, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, MA, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, RV, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, MH, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Roberts-Thomson, RL, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Mtech, AS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Spurlock, EE, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, EG, Tadesse, DB, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, BF, Temsah, M-H, Tesema, AK, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thrift, AG, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, JP, Truelsen, TC, Tsegay, GM, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, BS, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, KK, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, MS, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Velazquez, DZ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, GT, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, RG, Weldemariam, AH, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wiysonge, CS, Wolfe, CDA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, LL, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, SB, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, YMH, Murray, CJL, Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, J, Catapano, AL, Chugh, SS, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, DeCleene, N, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Solà, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, AM, Mokdad, A, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, IM, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Beaton, A, Carapetis, JR, Chugh, S, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, FGR, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, AE, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Faris, PS, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, AK, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebregzabiher, KZ, Gebremeskel, GG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goudarzian, AH, Goulart, AC, Guadamuz, JS, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islam, RM, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, AS, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Khader, YS, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khatab, K, Kibria, GMA, Kim, YJ, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimäki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kwan, GF, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, WR, Laxmaiah, A, LeGrand, KE, Li, M-C, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lim, L-L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lugo, A, M, NK, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, DK, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, MA, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, AA, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, RI, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, HLT, Nixon, MR, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nouthe, BE, Nowak, C, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, SM, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, UK, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, VCF, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, HQ, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, MA, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, RV, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, MH, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Roberts-Thomson, RL, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Mtech, AS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Spurlock, EE, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, EG, Tadesse, DB, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, BF, Temsah, M-H, Tesema, AK, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thrift, AG, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, JP, Truelsen, TC, Tsegay, GM, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, BS, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, KK, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, MS, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Velazquez, DZ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, GT, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, RG, Weldemariam, AH, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wiysonge, CS, Wolfe, CDA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, LL, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, SB, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, YMH, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019.Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside hi
Published: 2020

4. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, Callender, Charlton S K H, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Srinivasan, Vinay, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdoli, Nasrin, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy Maria Xavier, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi, Ali, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biswas, Tuhin, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Brewer, Jerry D, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Burstein, Roy, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, 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Vasconcelos, A, Vladimirov, S, Vollset, S, Walson, J, Weintraub, R, Weldegwergs, K, Wolfe, C, Wyper, G, Yasin, Y, Yentür, G, Yimer, E, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Zaman, S, Zeleke, M, Zenebe, Z, Zerfu, T, Zhao, X, Zimsen, S, Lopez, A, and Lim, S
Subjects: Adult, Male, Population Density, GBD, population, fertility, Adolescent, Medicine (all), Infant, Newborn, Infant, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Middle Aged, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, General & Internal Medicine, Female, Human medicine, Mortality, Child, Population Growth, Birth Rate, Aged, Human, Maternal Age
Abstract: Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10-54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10-14 years and 50-54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-cotnponent method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46.4-52.0). The TFR decreased from 4.7 livebirths (4.5-4.9) to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10-19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34-40) to 22 livebirths (19-24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83.8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197-2% (193.3-200.8) since 1950, from 2.6 billion (2.5-2.6) to 7.6 billion (7.4-7.9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2.0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1.1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2.5% in 1963 to O7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2.7%. The global average age increased from 26.6 years in 1950 to 32.1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15-64 years) increased from 59.9% to 65.3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1.0 livebirths (95% UI 0. 9-1.2) in Cyprus to a high of 7.1 livebirths (6.8-7.4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0.08 livebirths (0.07-0.09) in South Korea to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (I F030; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0.3 livebirths (0.3-0-4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3.1 livebirths (3.0-3.2) in Niger. TF030 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017.33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2.0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2018

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1. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

3. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

4. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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