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1. BDNF methylation associated with stress in women: Novel insights in epigenetics and inflammation

Author

Luciana Fungaro Rissatti, David Wilson, Fanny Palace-Berl, Bárbara de Mello Ponteciano, Flávia Sardela de Miranda, Ivana Alece Arantes Moreno, Tamires dos Santos Vieira, Bruna Pereira Sorroche, Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista Arantes, Adriana Madeira Alvares da Silva, Vânia D'Almeida, Marcelo Demarzo, and Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira

Subjects
BDNF DNA methylation, Stress, Inflammatory cytokines, Healthy, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene plays an important role in modulating the stress-response axis and inflammation, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. BNDF methylation has been associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress. Previous studies have reported that stressful events are involved with long-lasting alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) of the BNDF exon IV promoter, suggesting that glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines can regulate this process. We previously found that perceived psychological stress is modulated by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10, and IL-12p70, suggesting their role in mediating the stress response. However, the epigenetic mechanism mediating this response has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we propose that high perceived stress and high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines may correlate with specific methylation sites within the BNDF exon IV promoter. To address these questions, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 82 adult women teachers working in basic education in Brazil. The perceived stress scale was used to assess stress and blood samples were collected for the measurement of inflammatory markers and BNDF methylation through flow cytometry assay and DNA pyrosequencing, respectively. We detected differentially methylated CpG sites in the BNDF gene, where 5 CpG sites were directly correlated with high stress levels. However, 4 CpG sites showed inverse effects, indicating that changes in methylation levels in those sites could lead to a protective effect on perceived stress. About inflammatory markers, IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with high perceived stress. However, only IL-8 and IL-10 showed simultaneous modulation of perceived stress, while IL-10 and IL12p70 correlated with DNAm. We found that higher levels in IL-10 and IL-12p70 serum decrease methylation in CpG11. A direct relationship was also found to IL-12p70, where higher levels in serum increase methylation in CpG5 and 13, respectively. Taken as a whole, our findings reinforce the hypothesis regarding stress-sensitive regions within the BDNF gene, mainly for CpG5, 11, and 13. In addition to these results, CpG7 and 9 may be regarded as stress-protective regions. Our data suggest that BDNF DNAm in the blood may represent a novel biomarker for early detection of adverse effects of chronic exposure to stress in healthy individuals.

Published
2024
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2. Fostering emotional self-regulation in female teachers at the public teaching network: A mindfulness-based intervention improving psychological measures and inflammatory biomarkers

Author

David Wilson, Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira, Fanny Palace-Berl, Bárbara de Mello Ponteciano, Luciana Fungaro Rissatti, Valéria Piassa Pollizi, Flávia Sardela de Miranda, Vânia D'Almeida, and Marcelo Demarzo

Subjects
Teachers, Stress, Inflammatory cytokines, Psychological well-being, Mindfulness, Education, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Objective: To examine the effect of a mindfulness-based program specifically designed for teachers in reducing perceived stress and improving the quality of experienced emotion in female active working teachers. A second outcome evaluated is the associated change in cellular inflammatory activity, measured by peripheral blood levels of cytokines. Method: Eighty-eight female active teachers from public schools from São Paulo Municipality were recruited, and randomly allocated to an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Health Program for Educators (MBHP-Educa) or to Neuroscience for Education Program (Neuro-Educa: active control group). The venue of both programs were several public school facilities, where many of the teachers actually worked. Both groups received activities during eight weeks in a 2 ​h/week regimen, totalizing 16 ​h. Sixty-five participants completed the program and pre- and post-interventions measures were taken from the following scales: Interpersonal Multidimensional Reactivity Scale (IRI), Positive-and-Negative Affects Scale (PANAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and a primary outcome in Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (PBWS). At pre-and post-intervention, blood samples were collected for the measurement of several important inflammatory biomarkers, Tumor Necrosis Factor – α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Interleukin 12p70 (IL-12P70) through flow cytometry assay. Intervention effects were analyzed via Generalized mixed models (GLMM). Results: According to the GLMM, MBHP-Educa significantly reduced the scores of perceived stress (p ​

Published
2022
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3. Recalibrating the notion of modelling for policymaking during pandemics

Author

Yot Teerawattananon, Sarin KC, Y.-Ling Chi, Saudamini Dabak, Joseph Kazibwe, Hannah Clapham, Claudia Lopez Hernandez, Gabriel M. Leung, Hamid Sharifi, Mahlet Habtemariam, Mark Blecher, Sania Nishtar, Swarup Sarkar, David Wilson, Kalipso Chalkidou, Marelize Gorgens, Raymond Hutubessy, and Suwit Wibulpolprasert

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

COVID-19 disease models have aided policymakers in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) with many critical decisions. Many challenges remain surrounding their use, from inappropriate model selection and adoption, inadequate and untimely reporting of evidence, to the lack of iterative stakeholder engagement in policy formulation and deliberation. These issues can contribute to the misuse of models and hinder effective policy implementation. Without guidance on how to address such challenges, the true potential of such models may not be realised. The COVID-19 Multi-Model Comparison Collaboration (CMCC) was formed to address this gap. CMCC is a global collaboration between decision-makers from LMICs, modellers and researchers, and development partners. To understand the limitations of existing COVID-19 disease models (primarily from high income countries) and how they could be adequately support decision-making in LMICs, a desk review of modelling experience during the COVID-19 and past disease outbreaks, two online surveys, and regular online consultations were held among the collaborators. Three key recommendations from CMCC include: A ‘fitness-for-purpose’ flowchart, a tool that concurrently walks policymakers (or their advisors) and modellers through a model selection and development process. The flowchart is organised around the following: policy aims, modelling feasibility, model implementation, model reporting commitment. Holmdahl and Buckee (2020) A ‘reporting standards trajectory’, which includes three gradually increasing standard of reports, ‘minimum’, ‘acceptable’, and ‘ideal’, and seeks collaboration from funders, modellers, and decision-makers to enhance the quality of reports over time and accountability of researchers. Malla et al. (2018) A framework for “collaborative modelling for effective policy implementation and evaluation” which extends the definition of stakeholders to funders, ground-level implementers, public, and other researchers, and outlines how each can contribute to modelling. We advocate for standardisation of modelling processes and adoption of country-owned model through iterative stakeholder participation and discuss how they can enhance trust, accountability, and public ownership to decisions.

Published
2022
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4. Mindfulness meditation training effects on quality of life, immune function and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers: A randomized pilot clinical trial

Author

Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira, David Wilson, Fanny Palace-Berl, Bárbara de Mello Ponteciano, Luciana Fungaro Rissatti, Flávia Sardela de Miranda, Valéria Piassa Pollizi, José Carlos Fuscella, Alex Mourão Terzi, Ana Paula Lepique, Vânia D'Almeida, and Marcelo Demarzo

Subjects
Mindfulness meditation, Teachers, Glutathione metabolism, Inflammatory cytokines, Stress, Quality of life, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Background: Despite the crucial role of educators in encourage students' academic learning, addressing educator stress inside the classroom remains a significant challenge in the educational context. Mindfulness Meditation training (MM) has been recommended as an environmental enrichment strategy in schools to help teachers cope with stress and cultivating a state of awareness in daily life. Although studies have shown that MM can improve immune system dynamics the biological mechanism underlying glutathione metabolism in a healthy human is unclear Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether MM training benefits psychological and behavioral response, immunological functions and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers from public schools Methods: We randomly assigned 76 teachers to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Program for Educators (MBHPEduca) or Neuroscience for Education program (Neuro-Educa; active control group). Using the quality of life as our primary outcome, perceived stress, negative affectivity, and resilience as our secondary outcome, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and glutathione levels as our third outcome at baseline and post-intervention that occurred in public schools. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of three proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and three GSH metabolism, including Cysteine (Cys), Homocysteine (HCys) and GSH were conducted at pre-and post-intervention, with selfreported assessments over time. Treatment effects were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with to intention to treat Results: We observed statistically significant improvements to the MBHP-Educa group compared to active control in perceived stress, resilience, positive and negative affect, and quality of life after 8-weeks MM (p ​

Published
2021
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5. Declining prevalence of undiagnosed HIV in Melbourne: results from community‐based bio‐behavioural studies of gay and bisexual men

Author

Mark Stoové, Jason Asselin, Alisa Pedrana, Toby Lea, Margaret Hellard, David Wilson, Garrett Prestage, John de Wit, and Martin Holt

Subjects
undiagnosed HIV, gay and bisexual men, Australia, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Objective: To measure changes in undiagnosed HIV among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Melbourne. Methods: Undiagnosed HIV was compared between GBM recruited anonymously in 2008 in gay venues only and GBM anonymously or confidentially (results delivery) recruited in 2014 at gay venues and a community festival. Surveys were completed and oral fluid specimens collected for HIV testing; positive tests among GBM reporting being HIV‐negative or unknown/untested were classified as undiagnosed. Tests of proportions compared serological prevalence, undiagnosed prevalence and participant characteristics. Results: HIV prevalence was 9.5% and 7.1% among 639 and 993 GBM recruited in 2008 and 2014, respectively; undiagnosed prevalence declined significantly from 31.1% to 7.1% (p

Published
2018
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6. The KnownLeaf literature curation system captures knowledge about Arabidopsis leaf growth and development and facilitates integrated data mining

Author

Dóra Szakonyi, Sofie Van Landeghem, Katja Baerenfaller, Lieven Baeyens, Jonas Blomme, Rubén Casanova-Sáez, Stefanie De Bodt, David Esteve-Bruna, Fabio Fiorani, Nathalie Gonzalez, Jesper Grønlund, Richard G.H. Immink, Sara Jover-Gil, Asuka Kuwabara, Tamara Muñoz-Nortes, Aalt D.J. van Dijk, David Wilson-Sánchez, Vicky Buchanan-Wollaston, Gerco C. Angenent, Yves Van de Peer, Dirk Inzé, José Luis Micol, Wilhelm Gruissem, Sean Walsh, and Pierre Hilson

Subjects
Arabidopsis, Leaf growth, Literature curation, Data integration, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

The information that connects genotypes and phenotypes is essentially embedded in research articles written in natural language. To facilitate access to this knowledge, we constructed a framework for the curation of the scientific literature studying the molecular mechanisms that control leaf growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Standard structured statements, called relations, were designed to capture diverse data types, including phenotypes and gene expression linked to genotype description, growth conditions, genetic and molecular interactions, and details about molecular entities. Relations were then annotated from the literature, defining the relevant terms according to standard biomedical ontologies. This curation process was supported by a dedicated graphical user interface, called Leaf Knowtator. A total of 283 primary research articles were curated by a community of annotators, yielding 9947 relations monitored for consistency and over 12,500 references to Arabidopsis genes. This information was converted into a relational database (KnownLeaf) and merged with other public Arabidopsis resources relative to transcriptional networks, protein–protein interaction, gene co-expression, and additional molecular annotations. Within KnownLeaf, leaf phenotype data can be searched together with molecular data originating either from this curation initiative or from external public resources. Finally, we built a network (LeafNet) with a portion of the KnownLeaf database content to graphically represent the leaf phenotype relations in a molecular context, offering an intuitive starting point for knowledge mining. Literature curation efforts such as ours provide high quality structured information accessible to computational analysis, and thereby to a wide range of applications. DATA: The presented work was performed in the framework of the AGRON-OMICS project (Arabidopsis GRO wth Network integrating OMICS technologies) supported by European Commission 6th Framework Programme project (Grant number LSHG-CT-2006-037704). This is a data integration and data sharing portal collecting all the all the major results from the consortium. All data presented in our paper is available here. https://agronomics.ethz.ch/.

Published
2015
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7. Relapse to opioid use in opioid-dependent individuals released from compulsory drug detention centres compared with those from voluntary methadone treatment centres in Malaysia: a two-arm, prospective observational study

Author

Martin P Wegman, BSc, Prof. Frederick L Altice, MD, Sangeeth Kaur, MBBS, Vanesa Rajandaran, MPP, Sutayut Osornprasop, PhD, David Wilson, PhD, Prof. David P Wilson, PhD, and Adeeba Kamarulzaman, FRACP

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Detention of people who use drugs into compulsory drug detention centres (CDDCs) is common throughout East and Southeast Asia. Evidence-based pharmacological therapies for treating substance use disorders, such as opioid agonist treatments with methadone, are generally unavailable in these settings. We used a unique opportunity where CDDCs coexisted with voluntary drug treatment centres (VTCs) providing methadone in Malaysia to compare the timing and occurrence of opioid relapse (measured using urine drug testing) in individuals transitioning from CDDCs versus methadone maintenance in VTCs. Methods: We did a parallel, two-arm, prospective observational study of opioid-dependent individuals aged 18 years and older who were treated in Malaysia in the Klang Valley in two settings: CDDCs and VTCs. We used sequential sampling to recruit individuals. Assessed individuals in CDDCs were required to participate in services such as counselling sessions and manual labour. Assessed individuals in VTCs could voluntarily access many of the components available in CDDCs, in addition to methadone therapy. We undertook urinary drug tests and behavioural interviews to assess individuals at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-release. The primary outcome was time to opioid relapse post-release in the community confirmed by urinary drug testing in individuals who had undergone baseline interviewing and at least one urine drug test (our analytic sample). Relapse rates between the groups were compared using time-to-event methods. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02698098). Findings: Between July 17, 2012, and August 21, 2014, we screened 168 CDDC attendees and 113 VTC inpatients; of these, 89 from CDDCs and 95 from VTCs were included in our analytic sample. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. In unadjusted analyses, CDDC participants had significantly more rapid relapse to opioid use post-release compared with VTC participants (median time to relapse 31 days [IQR 26–32] vs 352 days [256–unestimable], log rank test, p

Published
2017
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8. Ultrasound-Guided Portal Placement for Hip Arthroscopy

Author

Tanya Keough, M.D., David Wilson, M.D., M.A.Sc., and Ivan Wong, M.D., F.R.C.S.C.

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Over the past 2 decades, hip arthroscopy has developed as a surgical technique, with more orthopaedic surgeons attempting to become proficient in performing this surgical procedure as indications and surgical skills evolve. The hip joint presents unique arthroscopic challenges because of its anatomic location, and it can be challenging to safely and confidently establish portal sites. Ultrasound-guided hip arthroscopy portal placement is not yet common practice for orthopaedic surgeons. The potential advantages of ultrasound-guided hip arthroscopy portal placement are the lack of radiation exposure to the patient and operating room personnel, direct visualization of the hip joint and surrounding soft-tissue structures, and lack of bulky fluoroscopic equipment in the operative field. We describe a detailed technique incorporating video examples using ultrasound guidance to establish appropriate portal sites for hip arthroscopy with the aim to improve safety and overall operator competence.

Published
2016
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9. Interinstitutional and interstate teleneuropathology

Author

Clayton A Wiley, Geoff Murdoch, Anil Parwani, Terry Cudahy, David Wilson, Troy Payner, Kim Springer, and Terrence Lewis

Subjects
Neuropathology, pathology practice, professional licensing, telepathology, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Pathology, RB1-214
Abstract

Background: Telemedicine has emerged as an efficient means of distributing professional medical expertise over a broad geographic area with few limitations to the various services that can be provided around the globe. Telepathology is particularly well suited to distributing subspecialty expertise in certain environments in an economical fashion, while preserving centers of excellence. Materials and Methods: After a decade of intrainstitutional teleneuropathology for intraoperative consultation, we expanded our practice to cross state lines and communicate between geographically and financially separate medical centers. Results: The result was an effective means of distributing neuropathological expertise while at the same time preserving a professional center of excellence. While technical and legal (i.e., physician licensing) barriers were surmounted, expected and unexpected issues related to communication required commitment on the part of multiple individuals with diverse expertise and responsibilities. Conclusion: Lessons learned from this successful venture can be used to facilitate future efforts in this ever-growing practical vehicle for distributing pathology subspecialty expertise.

Published
2011
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10. Contributors

Author

Leonard Achenbach, Julie Adams, Nicholas S. Adams, Julian McClees Aldridge, Kyle M. Altman, Emilie J. Amaro, Ivan Antosh, Edward Arrington, Francis J. Aversano, Hassan J. Azimi, Jonathan Barlow, Daniel P. Berthold, Chelsea C. Boe, Nicholas A. Bonazza, David M. Brogan, David F. Bruni, Ryan P. Calfee, Louis W. Catalano, Brian Christie, Zachary Christopherson, Joseph B. Cohen, Matthew R. Cohn, Brian J. Cole, Peter A. Cole, Bert Cornelis, William M. Cregar, Gregory L. Cvetanovich, Nicholas C. Danford, Nicholas J. Dantzker, Malcolm R. DeBaun, Lieven De Wilde, Mihir J. Desai, Scott G. Edwards, Andy Eglseder, Bryant P. Elrick, Peter J. Evans, Gregory K. Faucher, John J. Fernandez, Zachary J. Finley, Nathaniel Fogel, Antonio M. Foruria, Travis L. Frantz, Michael C. Fu, Michael J. Gardner, R. Glenn Gaston, William B. Geissler, Ron Gilat, Robert J. Gillespie, Joshua A. Gillis, L. Henry Goodnough, Jordan Grier, Warren C. Hammert, Armodios M. Hatzidakis, Eric D. Haunschild, Daniel E. Hess, Bettina Hochreiter, Rachel Honig, Harry A. Hoyen, Jerry I. Huang, Thomas B. Hughes, Jaclyn M. Jankowski, Devon Jeffcoat, Pierce Johnson, Bernhard Jost, Sanjeev Kakar, Robin Kamal, Robert A. Kaufmann, June Kennedy, Thomas J. Kremen, John E. Kuhn, Laurent Lafosse, Thibault Lafosse, Chris Langhammer, Frank A. Liporace, Daniel A. London, Bhargavi Maheshwer, Jed I. Maslow, Nina Maziak, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Michael McKee, Sunita Mengers, Peter J. Millett, M. Christian Moody, Mark E. Morrey, Michael N. Nakashian, Andrew Neviaser, Gregory Nicholson, Luke T. Nicholson, Philip C. Nolte, Michael J. O’Brien, Marc J. O’Donnell, Reza Omid, Jorge L. Orbay, Maureen O’Shaughnessy, A. Lee Osterman, Belén Pardos Mayo, Christine C. Piper, Austin A. Pitcher, David Potter, Kevin Rasuli, Lee M. Reichel, Jonathan C. Riboh, David Ring, Marco Rizzo, David Ruch, Frank A. Russo, Casey Sabbag, Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, Felix H. Savoie, Markus Scheibel, Lisa K. Schroder, BSME, Benjamin W. Sears, Anshu Singh, Christian Spross, Ramesh C. Srinivasan, Scott Steinmann, Eloy Tabeayo, Ryan Tarr, Tracy Tauro, Paul A. Tavakolian, John M. Tokish, Rick Tosti, Leigh-Anne Tu, Colin L. Uyeki, Alexander Van Tongel, David R. Veltre, Nikhil N. Verma, J. Brock Walker, Adam C. Watts, Brady T. Williams, Joel C. Williams, David Wilson, Theodore S. Wolfson, Robert W. Wysocki, Jeffrey Yao, and Richard S. Yoon

Published
2022

11. Mindfulness meditation training effects on quality of life, immune function and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers: A randomized pilot clinical trial

Author

Flávia Sardela de Miranda, David Wilson, Fanny Palace-Berl, José Carlos Fuscella, Ana Paula Lepique, Bárbara de Mello Ponteciano, Valéria Piassa Pollizi, Marcelo Marcos Piva Demarzo, Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alex Mourão Terzi, Luciana Fungaro Rissatti, and Vânia D'Almeida

Subjects
Quality of life, Mindfulness, media_common.quotation_subject, Mindfulness meditation, education, ESTRESSE PROFISSIONAL, Context (language use), Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Stress, Gee, Negative affectivity, Glutathione metabolism, Full Length Article, Medicine, General Environmental Science, media_common, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Teachers, Inflammatory cytokines, Clinical trial, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Psychological resilience, business, Clinical psychology, RC321-571
Abstract

Background Despite the crucial role of educators in encourage students' academic learning, addressing educator stress inside the classroom remains a significant challenge in the educational context. Mindfulness Meditation training (MM) has been recommended as an environmental enrichment strategy in schools to help teachers cope with stress and cultivating a state of awareness in daily life. Although studies have shown that MM can improve immune system dynamics the biological mechanism underlying glutathione metabolism in a healthy human is unclear Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether MM training benefits psychological and behavioral response, immunological functions and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers from public schools Methods We randomly assigned 76 teachers to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Program for Educators (MBHPEduca) or Neuroscience for Education program (Neuro-Educa; active control group). Using the quality of life as our primary outcome, perceived stress, negative affectivity, and resilience as our secondary outcome, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and glutathione levels as our third outcome at baseline and post-intervention that occurred in public schools. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of three proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and three GSH metabolism, including Cysteine (Cys), Homocysteine (HCys) and GSH were conducted at pre-and post-intervention, with selfreported assessments over time. Treatment effects were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with to intention to treat Results We observed statistically significant improvements to the MBHP-Educa group compared to active control in perceived stress, resilience, positive and negative affect, and quality of life after 8-weeks MM (p ​, Highlights • Mindfulness training enhanced resilience and decreased teachers' perceived stress. • Mindfulness training enhanced teachers' perception in all aspects of quality of life. • Mindfulness training increased glutathione plasma levels and decreased teachers' IL-6 serum levels.

Published
2021

12. Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author

Helen McShane, A Alamoudi, D Parekh, G Burns, R. Gisli Jenkins, Marco Sereno, R Djukanovic, Onn Min Kon, N I Lone, David M. Evans, L Daines, N A Hanley, Z. Omar, William Greenhalf, Nicola Williams, K Storton, Asaf David, T Wallis, E Pacpaco, H McCauley, L. O'Brien, K Hainey, P. Novotny, C Tong, L Ingram, S Gurram, C Avram, C Coleman, Edward T. Bullmore, Richard G. Brown, R Aul, K A Tripp, D. Cristiano, A Michael, Michael C Steiner, Padmasayee Papineni, A Howell, Gail Carson, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Simon Heller, G Madzamba, K Paradowski, S Singh, K Bramham, Teresa Light, David Price, V Shaw, A Yousuf, T Dong, T Hiwot, G Simons, Philip L. Molyneaux, A Ashworth, Ashley C. Brown, N Magee, A L Tan, R A Evans, Mark Toshner, Robert Sykes, W Saxon, S Finney, A Mohamed, P Cairns, Christos P Kotanidis, J D Chalmers, O Adeyemi, L Knibbs, A J Moss, S L Rowland-Jones, O M Kon, L P Ho, A Martineau, B Zhao, M G Crooks, J Meiring, Ewen M Harrison, Louise V. Wain, S Wright, E Robertson, David A. Lomas, H Lamlum, David E. Newby, P Chowdhury, K Mangion, Toby Hillman, E Turner, H McAllister-Williams, S West, J McGinness, B Whittam, T. Gorsuch, K Dempsey, L Mcgarvey, K Poinasamy, K Shevket, Emma Baldry, M Buch, N French, Olivia C. Leavy, Stephen C. J. Parker, H Newell, Louise M. Howard, O. Zongo, P Beirne, C Sharpe, N Mills, C David, M Bayley, Carmine M. Pariante, P Haldar, Z Kausar, A Dipper, I Hall, P McArdle, G Ogg, Rachael A. Evans, A.J. Buttress, M Pareek, Paul E Pfeffer, Denise Anderson, James D. Chalmers, P Kar, Caroline J. Jolley, S Plein, Nigel J. Brunskill, C Oliver, John R. Hurst, Clive Ballard, F Barrett, D Baguley, Nick P. Talbot, N Chaudhuri, A Young, Jonathan P. Busby, H Dobson, K Holmes, Liam G Heaney, Ruth E Barker, Anthony N. Price, David J. Stensel, L Brear, Louise Sigfrid, Marcia Soares, Patrice Carter, J R Hurst, John R. Geddes, Donghyung Lee, L Watson, J M Lord, H Parfrey, N Odell, J Glossop, K. Liyanage, Bryan Williams, S Neubauer, O Elneima, David R Baldwin, G Mallison, C Francis, A Te, D Foote, F Woodhead, A De Soyza, A Atkins, M Stern, A Morley, E Bright, N Basu, Simon E. Brill, D Southern, D Forton, L G Heaney, B Raman, Malcolm G Semple, M Mariveles, Charalambos Antoniades, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Swapna Mandal, Aroon D. Hingorani, E K Sage, Ania Korszun, A Hosseini, Louise Allan, M Toshner, Fergus V. Gleeson, Cherie Armour, J Quigley, S Drain, Thomas Kabir, M Havinden-Williams, Ben G. Marshall, S Patale, C Bourne, L Wright, Rachel L. Batterham, S Jones, S Linford, Salman Siddiqui, C Laing, A Horsley, S Greenwood, A Lingford-Hughes, S. Jose, Stefan Neubauer, S L Dobson, M Rahman, Alex D. McMahon, S Young, A Frankel, Joe Dennis, Claire M. Nolan, J Fuld, J Mayet, Nayia Petousi, Brij Patel, A Fairman, F Speranza, A Bularga, Colin Berry, Charlotte L. Edwardson, A Lloyd, H Jones, N Mairs, H Assefa-Kebede, L Gilmour, D Jones, Siobhan Kelly, I Cruz, Tim Rees, A Haggar, R. Wolf-Roberts, R Flockton, R Dowling, Geraldine Landers, C. Price, P Neill, John B. Cole, A L Key, Elaine Hardy, P Kitterick, Elodie Murali, Carly Welch, P Crisp, Rachel C. Chambers, L Carr, P C Calder, A McQueen, S Defres, A Dewar, F Adeyemi, Avan Aihie Sayer, D W Connell, M Halling-Brown, Neil J. Greening, M Andrews, Linda MacLiver, Kevin A. Davies, E Wade, Elizabeth M. Tunnicliffe, H Jarvis, Kathryn M. Abel, N Hart, A J Yousuf, Nicholas Easom, Alexander Richards, Lee B. Smith, P Dulawan, Janet T Scott, Amisha Singapuri, E Sapey, G Willis, P M George, S Bain, H. Tench, S S Kon, N Window, M J Rowland, A. J. Shah, B Card, A Knighton, P Chowienczyk, Luke Daines, Cathie Sudlow, Joseph Jacob, J Rossdale, S Paddick, Ifan Jones, A Storrie, Sonia Johnson, Huzaifa Adamali, Gail Davies, R G Jenkins, J Murira, Kamlesh Khunti, W Y James, Ajay M. Shah, A B Docherty, Donna J. Menzies, R Morriss, K Piper Hanley, James J Furniss, C Overton, P Mansoori, Phil Harrison, P Greenhaff, A Humphries, H. McGuinness, Gerome Breen, Hayley Hardwick, Davies Adeloye, P Pfeffer, H Lota, Daniel G. Wootton, William Monteiro, A Holbourn, R Hamil, Y Ellis, Traolach S. Brugha, A Alli, D Wraith, Jennifer K Quint, H Atkins, I Peralta, David C. Thomas, A Bolger, J Rodgers, S Portukhay, David Wilson, Michael Sharpe, Steven Kerr, T Plekhanova, J Lewis, S. Quaid, O Olaosebikan, L Lim, K Roy, A Checkley, A Newton Cox, A Dougherty, Bill Deakin, R Pius, A Hoare, N. Dormand, T Craig, Dhruv Parekh, Betty Raman, K E Lewis, Christopher E. Brightling, L G Spencer, Z Suleiman, E R Chilvers, Keith M. Channon, A Saratzis, R Lenagh, N Diar Bakerly, I Macharia, G Kaltsakas, L Morrison, M Ralser, K Fallon, C J Tee, JM Watson, J Nunag, R Gregory, J E Pearl, C Wright, K Regan, D Johnston, P Hogarth, Najib M. Rahman, G P McCann, Julie Evans, N Easom, Joseph Hughes, J Skeemer, H Baxendale, E Hufton, B Elliott, L V Wain, Ardythe L. Morrow, Meenal Patel, S Glover, C Xie, M Harvie, Alan Hughes, David B. Thomas, N Choudhury, Mark J. Tobin, Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska, Richard W. Francis, J L Heeney, Shyam Madathil, Ellen Guthrie, S Yasmin, H Turton, M Marks, I Koychev, Melanie J. Davies, John P Greenwood, Daniel Peckham, E Lee, Iain B. McInnes, K Hadley, Charlotte Summers, J Chen, A Prickett, Timothy R Nicholson, K Lewis, A Cross, Jamie Brown, G Ross, H Wheeler, Manu Sharma, Igor Rudan, A Routen, M J Noonan, J Wild, K Jiwa, B. Welsh, Jonathan Pimm, J Kwan, A Lucey, C Favager, K Brindle, Nazir I Lone, Naveed Sattar, C Christie, James E. Mitchell, M Wilkins, C Coupland, T Thornton, Christian P Subbe, Alex Horsley, J Blaikely, G F Toingson, S Walsh, A Lea, Jennifer A. Smith, Margot W. Parkes, M Dixon, Luke Howard, N Majeed, A Hayday, Jack A. Sargeant, Michael Pavlides, K Leitch, J. Pendlebury, Andrew Donaldson, T Peto, Thomas A Jackson, N Rahman, M Gibbons, J Phipps, S Logan, D Wilkinson, J Breeze, D Holgate, R Osbourne, M Hoare, M Malim, Ryan S Thwaites, Stephen R Knight, W Ibrahim, J Rowland, Andrew M. Taylor, B Al-Sheklly, R. Loosley, S Megson, C Summersgill, Z Coburn, R Evans, I Wilson, B Pathmanathan, Jeremy George, A Angyal, S Betts, A Deans, C E Brightling, S Kerr, N Selby, L Price, A Ramos, S N Diwanji, P Kurupati, J S Brown, K Scott, A Sheikh, Krisnah Poinasamy, R Ugwuoke, Teresa Thompson, K Chong-James, Gerry P McCann, John R. Petrie, R Hughes, E. Watson, K McIvor, Trudie Chalder, Melissa Heightman, B Gooptu, H Evans, Thomas Yates, R Ahmed, Nicholas Hart, R Allen, W Schwaeble, J Simpson, Sara Clohisey, Janet M. Lord, R Bell, R Baggott, Clare J Taylor, Keir Lewis, Lynda Connor, F Thaivalappil, Kathryn J Saunders, Lynsey S. Hall, Richard Kevin Stone, Aliki Thomas, L Turtle, H Tedd, L Matthews, J Bambrough, S Stanel, M J McMahon, L Chetham, Enya Daynes, R Hurst, Angela Cook, M Aljaroof, Ling-Pei Ho, Paul Moss, H Arnold, S Fairbairn, Anthony J. Rostron, L Garner, Kyle Harrington, Douglas Grieve, B Connolly, Khalida Ismail, Craig Johnson, E. Russell, T Hussell, S Kon, Claudia Langenberg, E Wall, A Rowland, Miriam Harvey, N Powell, Catherine Pennington, N Armstrong, J C Porter, A Ient, Matthew Hotopf, R Parvin, M Richardson, I Smith, L Lightstone, J. Dasgin, Lynne Armstrong, A Charalambou, J R Geddes, C. Clark, E Gourlay, A Botkai, G Choudhury, J Bonnington, Matthew A. Brown, Paul Dark, S Thackray-Nocera, J Woods, E Stringer, R Free, Aarti Shikotra, J Jacob, P Clift, W Man, Sally J Singh, B King, Nikki Gautam, A Zawia, K McCafferty, L Milligan, S Whittaker, A Elmer, H Chinoy, H Welch, J Haworth, A Shikotra, Matthew J. Rowland, A Singapuri, M McNarry, F. Davies, F Khan, T Mcnally, Alfred A.R. Thompson, A McArdle, V Brown, Helen L. Fisher, M Spears, Peter Jezzard, Morag Henderson, D Thickett, U Munawar, M Broome, Graeme Jones, M. Gummadi, S Marciniak, L Poll, E Calvelo, J Hawkes, D Saralaya, S Walder, Omer Elneima, E M Harrison, C E Bolton, S J Singh, Khalid Shah, S Diver, M Willicombe, M Ainsworth, H Nassa, O C Leavy, D C Thomas, R Upthegrove, C Singh, C Echevarria, Sebastian Edwards, N Lewis-Burke, C Bloomfield, D L Sykes, J Parmar, Sam M. Janes, Simon Wessely, Shaney L Barratt, Judith Clarke, S McAdoo, G MacGowan, Hamish McAuley, L O Wajero, C Dobson, David J. Burn, Daniel Lasserson, Gill Arbane, Matthew Richardson, D McAulay, Rhian M. Touyz, Miles D. Witham, E Major, J Whitney, C J Jolley, Michael Beadsworth, N Goodman, S Walmsley, Daniel F. McAuley, Kath Chapman, Paul Cullinan, Margaret Jones, K P Yip, Nilesh J. Samani, M Bourne, Jeremy S. Brown, A Bloss, Alison M. Lawrie, Timothy Felton, L Bishop, T Sass, Oliver Polgar, M Bakali, N Hawkings, T Chalder, Mujtaba Husain, B Jayaraman, Hannah Bayes, Vicky Kamwa, B Hargadon, Y Peng, C Jolley, D Matila, Clare E. Mackay, J Worsley, R Dharmagunawardena, R Samuel, L Fabbri, R Russell, K Bhui, David W. Clark, S Heller, Anne Dell, J Nyaboko, N Huneke, Michael Marks, L Hesselden, A Greenhalgh, L Broad, M Bakau, Susan P. Walker, Marlies Ostermann, Smitaa Patel, E Fraser, R I Evans, V Whitehead, S Ahmad, C King, B Young, David T Arnold, Paul Klenerman, S Dunn, H McAuley, D Faluyi, B Holroyd-Hind, H Qureshi, E Bradley, Brendan G Cooper, P Shah, L Houchen, Shelley Fletcher, Todd Evans, Andrew Smith, Jill Walsh, Amanda F. Elliott, V Harris, L Holdsworth, A Ford, R Saunders, K Vellore, Jonathan Finch, A McGovern, D Nicoll, A Briggs, J Oxton, G A Davies, Milton Ashworth, T I de Silva, V Lewis, James Stockley, S Byrne, Alison G. Harvey, M Sereno, Marc Lipman, S Terry, A Moss, L. McMorrow, Nick A Maskell, Annemarie B Docherty, R Sabit, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer M. Short, Louise Stadon, Aziz Sheikh, S A Williams-Howard, Atul Gupta, D Altmann, J Cavanagh, S Francis, E. Perkins, E McIvor, P Atkin, Julie Williams, D Sutherland, J Rangeley, Derek Bell, J Valabhji, J K Baillie, Isobel D. Stewart, P McCourt, P Rivera-Ortega, N J Greening, Anthony De Soyza, M Dalton, Group, PHOSP-COVID Collaborative, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Baguley, David, National Institute for Health Research, UKRI MRC COVID-19 Rapid Response Call, and UK Research and Innovation

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Status, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, Comorbidity, Disease, Logistic regression, PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Cognition, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, United Kingdom/epidemiology, business.industry, COVID-19, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Articles, Middle Aged, Mental health, United Kingdom, Middle age, Hospitalization, Mental Health, Acute Disease, COVID-19/complications, Female, business, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background The impact of COVID-19 on physical and mental health and employment after hospitalisation with acute disease is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of COVID-19-related hospitalisation on health and employment, to identify factors associated with recovery, and to describe recovery phenotypes. Methods The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a multicentre, long-term follow-up study of adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital in the UK with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, involving an assessment between 2 and 7 months after discharge, including detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical testing. Multivariable logistic regression was done for the primary outcome of patient-perceived recovery, with age, sex, ethnicity, body-mass index, comorbidities, and severity of acute illness as covariates. A post-hoc cluster analysis of outcomes for breathlessness, fatigue, mental health, cognitive impairment, and physical performance was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach. The study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107). Findings We report findings for 1077 patients discharged from hospital between March 5 and Nov 30, 2020, who underwent assessment at a median of 5·9 months (IQR 4·9–6·5) after discharge. Participants had a mean age of 58 years (SD 13); 384 (36%) were female, 710 (69%) were of white ethnicity, 288 (27%) had received mechanical ventilation, and 540 (50%) had at least two comorbidities. At follow-up, only 239 (29%) of 830 participants felt fully recovered, 158 (20%) of 806 had a new disability (assessed by the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning), and 124 (19%) of 641 experienced a health-related change in occupation. Factors associated with not recovering were female sex, middle age (40–59 years), two or more comorbidities, and more severe acute illness. The magnitude of the persistent health burden was substantial but only weakly associated with the severity of acute illness. Four clusters were identified with different severities of mental and physical health impairment (n=767): very severe (131 patients, 17%), severe (159, 21%), moderate along with cognitive impairment (127, 17%), and mild (350, 46%). Of the outcomes used in the cluster analysis, all were closely related except for cognitive impairment. Three (3%) of 113 patients in the very severe cluster, nine (7%) of 129 in the severe cluster, 36 (36%) of 99 in the moderate cluster, and 114 (43%) of 267 in the mild cluster reported feeling fully recovered. Persistently elevated serum C-reactive protein was positively associated with cluster severity. Interpretation We identified factors related to not recovering after hospital admission with COVID-19 at 6 months after discharge (eg, female sex, middle age, two or more comorbidities, and more acute severe illness), and four different recovery phenotypes. The severity of physical and mental health impairments were closely related, whereas cognitive health impairments were independent. In clinical care, a proactive approach is needed across the acute severity spectrum, with interdisciplinary working, wide access to COVID-19 holistic clinical services, and the potential to stratify care. Funding UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.

Published
2021

13. Radical surgery versus organ preservation via short-course radiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery for early-stage rectal cancer (TREC): a randomised, open-label feasibility study

Author

Simon P Bach, Alexandra Gilbert, Kristian Brock, Stephan Korsgen, Ian Geh, James Hill, Talvinder Gill, Paul Hainsworth, Matthew G Tutton, Jim Khan, Jonathan Robinson, Mark Steward, Christopher Cunningham, Bruce Levy, Alan Beveridge, Kelly Handley, Manjinder Kaur, Natalie Marchevsky, Laura Magill, Ann Russell, Philip Quirke, Nicholas P West, David Sebag-Montefiore, Gina Brown, Peter Antonio, Alex Vince, Nick Hilken, Chakanaka Sidile, Adrian Wilcockson, Richard Peto, Tom Crosby, Brendan Moran, Julie Olliff, Katti Ashok, Simone Slawik, Andrew Smethurst, Rajaram Sripadam, Veena Tagore, Monica Terlizzo, Bearn Philip, Robert Davies, Susan Dodd, Sharadah Essapen, Pasha Nisar, Alexandra Stewart, Jonathan Trickett, Bansal Ashish, Peter Billings, Palanichamy Chandran, Conor Corr, Edward Favill, Simon Gollins, Peter Marsh, Andrew Maw, Rakha Neupane, Ramesh Rajagopal, Rachel Cooper, John Griffith, Paul Hatfield, Andy Lowe, Julian Ostrowski, Rhian Simpson, Richard Adams, Robert Bleehen, Michael Davies, Meleri Morgan, Darren Boone, Nicola Lacey, Ian Seddon, Bruce Sizer, Helen Stunell, Shaobin Wu, Maher Hadaki, Dominic Blunt, Susan Cleator, Ara Darzi, Robert Goldin, Paul Ziprin, Mike Dobson, Mark Pitt, Shabbir Susnerwala, Deborah Williamson, Georgina Howarth, Stephen Lee, Paul Wright, Tim Hoare, Alan Horgan, Fiona McDonald, Stephanie Needham, John Scott, Timothy Simmons, Debashis Biswas, James Hernon, Gaurav Kapur, Sandeep Kapur, James Sington, Christopher Speakman, William Stebbings, Stuart Williams, Madhavi Adusumalli, Anil Agarwal, David Borowski, Dharmendra Garg, Mohammed Hegab, Catherine Hobday, Veena Rao, Jyotsna Shrimankar, Mohamed Tabaqchali, David Wilson, Oliver Jones, Neil Mortensen, Andrew Slater, Aron Szuts, Lai Wang, Bryan Warren, Andrew Weaver, Mukhtar Ahmad, Julian Alexander, Maxine Flubacher, David Tarver, Suhail Baluch, Richard Beable, David Cowlishaw, Antony Higginson, Prokopios Vogiatzis, Neil Cruickshank, Howard Joy, David Peake, Ulises Zanetto, Mark Saunders, Arthur Sun-Myint, Mark Teo, Arthur Allan, John Glaholm, Mark Goldstein, Rahul Hejmadi, Gerald Langman, Dion Morton, Cyril Nelson, Deborah Tattersall, Stephen Falk, Robert Longman, Huw Roach, Jamshed Shabbir, Golda Shelley-Fraser, Michael Thomas, Neil Cripps, Yasser Haba, Guy Harris, Max Hookway, Jay Simson, Angela Skull, Tijani Umar, and National Institute of Health Research

Subjects
Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Humans, Organ Sparing Treatments, Radical surgery, Stage (cooking), education, TREC collaborators, education.field_of_study, Hepatology, business.industry, Rectal Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Articles, Organ Preservation, Microsurgery, Total mesorectal excision, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Feasibility Studies, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract

Summary Background Radical surgery via total mesorectal excision might not be the optimal first-line treatment for early-stage rectal cancer. An organ-preserving strategy with selective total mesorectal excision could reduce the adverse effects of treatment without substantially compromising oncological outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of recruiting patients to a randomised trial comparing an organ-preserving strategy with total mesorectal excision. Methods TREC was a randomised, open-label feasibility study done at 21 tertiary referral centres in the UK. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older with rectal adenocarcinoma, staged T2 or lower, with a maximum diameter of 30 mm or less; patients with lymph node involvement or metastases were excluded. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) by use of a computer-based randomisation service to undergo organ preservation with short-course radiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery after 8–10 weeks, or total mesorectal excision. Where the transanal endoscopic microsurgery specimen showed histopathological features associated with an increased risk of local recurrence, patients were considered for planned early conversion to total mesorectal excision. A non-randomised prospective registry captured patients for whom randomisation was considered inappropriate, because of a strong clinical indication for one treatment group. The primary endpoint was cumulative randomisation at 12, 18, and 24 months. Secondary outcomes evaluated safety, efficacy, and health-related quality of life assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ C30 and CR29 in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN14422743. Findings Between Feb 22, 2012, and Dec 19, 2014, 55 patients were randomly assigned at 15 sites; 27 to organ preservation and 28 to radical surgery. Cumulatively, 18 patients had been randomly assigned at 12 months, 31 at 18 months, and 39 at 24 months. No patients died within 30 days of initial treatment, but one patient randomly assigned to organ preservation died within 6 months following conversion to total mesorectal excision with anastomotic leakage. Eight (30%) of 27 patients randomly assigned to organ preservation were converted to total mesorectal excision. Serious adverse events were reported in four (15%) of 27 patients randomly assigned to organ preservation versus 11 (39%) of 28 randomly assigned to total mesorectal excision (p=0·04, χ2 test). Serious adverse events associated with organ preservation were most commonly due to rectal bleeding or pain following transanal endoscopic microsurgery (reported in three cases). Radical total mesorectal excision was associated with medical and surgical complications including anastomotic leakage (two patients), kidney injury (two patients), cardiac arrest (one patient), and pneumonia (two patients). Histopathological features that would be considered to be associated with increased risk of tumour recurrence if observed after transanal endoscopic microsurgery alone were present in 16 (59%) of 27 patients randomly assigned to organ preservation, versus 24 (86%) of 28 randomly assigned to total mesorectal excision (p=0·03, χ2 test). Eight (30%) of 27 patients assigned to organ preservation achieved a complete response to radiotherapy. Patients who were randomly assigned to organ preservation showed improvements in patient-reported bowel toxicities and quality of life and function scores in multiple items compared to those who were randomly assigned to total mesorectal excision, which were sustained over 36 months’ follow-up. The non-randomised registry comprised 61 patients who underwent organ preservation and seven who underwent radical surgery. Non-randomised patients who underwent organ preservation were older than randomised patients and more likely to have life-limiting comorbidities. Serious adverse events occurred in ten (16%) of 61 non-randomised patients who underwent organ preservation versus one (14%) of seven who underwent total mesorectal excision. 24 (39%) of 61 non-randomised patients who underwent organ preservation had high-risk histopathological features, while 25 (41%) of 61 achieved a complete response. Overall, organ preservation was achieved in 19 (70%) of 27 randomised patients and 56 (92%) of 61 non-randomised patients. Interpretation Short-course radiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery achieves high levels of organ preservation, with relatively low morbidity and indications of improved quality of life. These data support the use of organ preservation for patients considered unsuitable for primary total mesorectal excision due to the short-term risks associated with this surgery, and support further evaluation of short-course radiotherapy to achieve organ preservation in patients considered fit for total mesorectal excision. Larger randomised studies, such as the ongoing STAR-TREC study, are needed to more precisely determine oncological outcomes following different organ preservation treatment schedules. Funding Cancer Research UK.

Published
2021

14. Contributors

Author

Eman Reda AlBahsh, Abdilahi Ali, Abdul Ali, Syed Imran Ali, Natalia Gomez Arteaga, Giovanni Bottazzi, Gordon Bowen, John Bridge, Lea Broc, Guy Brown, Luciano Capone, Lillian Clark, Anita Colin, Sumesh Dadwal, Sudhir Gautam, Farooq Habib, David Allan Eric Haddon, Daniel Hagan, Anwar Haq, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Hamid Jahankhani, Arshad Jamal, Stefan Kendzierskyj, Murtaza F. Khan, Lynton Lourinho, John McCarthy, Gianluigi Me, Imad Nawaz, Liam M. O’Dell, Pierluigi Perrone, Karsyn Robb, Giuseppe Giulio Rutigliano, Eustathios Sainidis, Russell Watkins, David Wilson, and Simon M. Wilson

Published
2021

15. A proposed OKR-based framework for cyber effective services in the GDPR era

Author

Hamid Jahankhani and David Wilson

Subjects
Investment decisions, business.industry, Internet privacy, Data breach, Business, Investment (macroeconomics), Digital identity, Compliance (psychology)
Abstract

This chapter will focus on the following areas which are GDPR, data breaches, digital identity theft, and digital identity schemes. The chapter will explore each subject in detail and then examine the correlation between the four whereby cybersecurity is deemed to be the common factor. Whilst there have been numerous studies on each subject in silo, this study presents the first unique opportunity to correlate the four post GDPR. Furthermore the study sets out to understand the effectiveness of cybersecurity controls of organisations that provision services in this era, whereby a survey has correlated professionals’ attitudes to GDPR compliance and good cybersecurity practice. The study aims to influence investment decisions of executive boards with regard to their investment spend on cyber defences through the introduction of an OKR framework to effect cyber effective defences in the GDPR era.

Published
2021

16. Use of Biologics in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases

Author

John A. Ellis, Robert W. Fulton, Francisco A. Uzal, Paul J. Plummer, Derek A. Mosier, Nicola Pusterla, Gerald E. Duhamel, W. David Wilson, Jared D. Taylor, Amanda J. Kreuder, and Victor S. Cortese

Subjects
Biology
Published
2020

17. Contributors

Author

Dorothy M. Ainsworth, Monica Aleman, John A. Angelos, Luis G. Arroyo, Scott M. Austin, Jane E. Axon, Lora Rickard Ballweber, Danika L. Bannasch, Safia Z. Barakzai, Emily A. Barrell, George M. Barrington, Michelle H. Barton, Dale E. Bauman, Erin McConachie Beasley, Daniela Bedenice, Catherine J. Benson, Dionne Benson, Caroline M. Betbeze, Danelle A. Bickett-Weddle, Anthony T. Blikslager, Andrea A. Bohn, Angela I. Bordin, Dwight D. Bowman, Ashley G. Boyle, Rana Bozorgmanesh, Barry J. Bradford, Babetta Breuhaus, Steven P. Brinsko, Nimet Browne, Ben Buchanan, Sébastien Buczinski, Alexandra J. Burton, Erin N. Burton, Stacey R. Byers, Barbara A. Byrne, David P. Byrne, Robert J. Callan, Canaan Whitfield Cargile, Gary P. Carlson, Elizabeth A. Carr, Renee T. Carter, Stan W. Casteel, M. Keith Chaffin, Berkley Chesen, Munashe Chigerwe, Bruce W. Christensen, Gemma Chuck, Kristin A. Clothier, Johann (Hans) F. Coetzee, Michelle C. Coleman, Robert J. Collier, Victor S. Cortese, Lais R. Costa, Beate M. Crossley, Jennifer L. Davis, Melody Anne de Laat, Fabio Del Piero, André Desrochers, Padraic Martin Dixon, Charles C. Dodd, Brandon J. Dominguez, Vincent Dore, Gerald E. Duhamel, Bettina Dunkel, Jack Easley, Kari J. Ekenstedt, John A. Ellis, Pablo Espinosa-Mur, Ronald J. Erskine, Krista E. Estell, Timothy J. Evans, Darien Feary, Gilles Fecteau, Marie-Eve Fecteau, M. Julia B. Felippe, C. Langdon Fielding, Carrie J. Finno, Sherrill A. Fleming, David Francoz, Nicholas Frank, Robert W. Fulton, Lisa E. Fultz, Tam Garland, Franklyn Garry, Anne J. Gemensky-Metzler, Philippa Gibbons, Steeve Giguère, Sandra Godden, Jesse Paul Goff, Kathleen Casey Gonda, Liara M. Gonzalez, Gretchen P. Grissett, Alison A. Gunn, Santiago D. Gutierrez-Nibeyro, Faisal Ghazi Habasha, Tiffany L. Hall, Spring K. Halland, Gayle D. Hallowell, Joanne Hardy, Kelsey A. Hart, Amanda K. Hartnack, Daniel A. Heinrich, Meera Heller, Troy Herthel, Sharon K. Hietala, Kenneth W. Hinchcliff, Melissa T. Hines, John K. House, Lynn R. Hovda, Angela M. Hughes, Pamela J. Hullinger, Alexandra Hund, David J. Hurley, Robert E. James, Emily John, Jennifer L. Johns, Philip J. Johnson, Meredyth L. Jones, Samuel L. Jones, Will C. Jordan, Carter E. Judy, Scott A. Katzman, Claudia Klein, Amanda J. Kreuder, Jeffrey Lakritz, Benjamin Landers, Gabriele A. Landolt, Kara M. Lascola, Mary Elizabeth Lassaline, Richard Andrew LeCouteur, Guy D. Lester, Christian M. Leutenegger, Michelle Linton, Jeanne Lofstedt, Ricardo Loinaz, Evelyn MacKay, Robert J. MacKay, N. James Maclachlan, John E. Madigan, K. Gary Magdesian, Muhammad Muzafar Makhdoomi, John B. Malone, Peggy S. Marsh, John F. Marshall, Krysta Martin, Christie E. Mayo, Melissa Mazan, Jessica A. McArt, Craig McConnel, Karen McDowell, Dianne McFarlane, Jodi L. McGill, Cathy McGowan, Sheila M. McGuirk, Bret R. McNabb, John R. Middleton, Suzanne T. Millman, Paul S. Morley, Derek A. Mosier, Michelle Mostrom, T.G. Nagaraja, Sylvain Nichols, Martin K. Nielsen, Tracy E. Norman, Jeffrey W. Norris, Daryl Nydam, Olimpo Oliver-Espinosa, Steven M. Parish, John R. Pascoe, Michael Payne, Caryn E. Plummer, Paul J. Plummer, Robert H. Poppenga, Shannon E. Pratt-Philips, Birgit Puschner, Nicola Pusterla, Virginia B. Reef, David G. Renter, Sarah M. Reuss, James P. Reynolds, Juan E. Romano, Sr., Pamela L. Ruegg, Robert Bascom Sager, Sarah N. Sampson, Chris Sanchez, Montague N. Saulez, Harold C. Schott, Leslie C. Sharkey, Jan K. Shearer, JoAnn Slack, Bradford P. Smith, Geoffrey W. Smith, Rachael L. Smith, Sharon Jane Spier, Brett A. Sponseller, Henry Stämpfli, Guy St. Jean, Allison Jean Stewart, Raymond W. Sweeney, Tamara M. Swor, Jared D. Taylor, Lisa A. Tell, Brett Tennent-Brown, Ronald L. Terra, Alain P. Théon, Joy E. Tomlinson, Ramiro E. Toribio, Mats H.T. Troedsson, Travis M. Tull, Francisco A. Uzal, Stephanie J. Valberg, Sarel R. Van Amstel, Andrew W. Van Eps, David C. Van Metre, Dickson D. Varner, Meredith L. Voyles, Kristina R. Vygantas, Paul Walz, Kevin Washburn, W. Ray Waters, Jeffrey P. Watkins, Johanna L. Watson, Ashlee E. Watts, J. Scott Weese, Maurice Edward White, Stephen D. White, Pamela A. Wilkins, Jarred Williams, Kurt J. Williams, W. David Wilson, Elizabeth M. Woodward, Amelia R. Woolums, and Kathryn L. Wotman

Published
2020

18. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Author

Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, David P Minks, Dipayan Mitra, Mark A Rodrigues, Priya Bhatnagar, Johann C du Plessis, Yogish Joshi, Martin S Dennis, Gordon D Murray, David E Newby, Peter A G Sandercock, Nikola Sprigg, Jacqueline Stephen, Cathie L M Sudlow, David J Werring, William N Whiteley, Joanna M Wardlaw, Philip M White, Colin Baigent, Daniel Lasserson, Frank Sullivan, Johanna Carrie, Javier Rojas, Shannon Amoils, John Bamford, Jane Armitage, Gabriel Rinkel, Gordon Lowe, Jonathan Emberson, Karen Innes, Lynn Dinsmore, Jonathan Drever, Carol Williams, David Perry, Connor McGill, David Buchanan, Allan Walker, Aidan Hutchison, Christopher Matthews, Ruth Fraser, Aileen McGrath, Ann Deary, Rosemary Anderson, Pauli Walker, Christian Hansen, Richard Parker, Aryelly Rodriguez, Malcolm Macleod, Thomas Gattringer, Jeb Palmer, Eleni Sakka, Jennifer Adil-Smith, David Minks, Johannes du Plessis, Christine Lerpiniere, Richard O'Brien, Seona Burgess, Gillian Mead, Ruth Paulton, Fergus Doubal, Katrina McCormick, Neil Hunter, Pat Taylor, Ruwan Parakramawansha, Jack Perry, Gordon Blair, Allan MacRaild, Adrian Parry-Jones, Mary Johnes, Stephanie Lee, Kelly Marie Shaw, Ilse Burger, Martin Punter, Andrea Ingham, Jane Perez, Zin Naing, Jordi Morell, Tracy Marsden, Andrea Hall, Sally Marshall, Louise Harrison, Rowilson Jarapa, Edith Wood, Victoria O'Loughlin, David Cohen, Silvie Davies, Kelechi Njoku, Mushiya Mpelembue, Laura Burgess, Radim Licenik, Mmua Ngwako, Nabeela Nisar, Rangah Niranchanan, Tatjana Roganova, Rajaram Bathula, Joseph Devine, Anette David, Anne Oshodi, Fenglin Guo, Emmanuelle Owoyele, Varthi Sukdeo, Robert Ballantine, Mudhar Abbdul-saheb, Angela Chamberlain, Aberami Chandrakumar, Philip Poku, Kirsty Harkness, Catrin Blank, Emma Richards, Ali Ali, Faith Kibutu, Olesia Balitska, Kathryn Birchall, Pauline Bayliss, Clare Doyle, Kathy Stocks, Arshad Majis, Jo Howe, Christine Kamara, Luke Barron, Ahmad Maatouk, Ralf Lindert, Katy Dakin, Jessica Redgrave, Biju Bhaskaran, Isam Salih, Debs Kelly, Susan Szabo, Dawn Tomlin, Helen Bearne, Jean Buxton, Pauline Fitzell, Georgina Ayres, Afaq Saulat, Kathleen Horan, Joanne Garfield-Smith, Harbens Bhakri, Paul Guyler, Devesh Sinha, Thayalini Loganathan, Amber Siddiqui, Anwer Siddiqui, Lucy Coward, Swapna Kunhunny, Sharon Tysoe, Rajalakshmi Orath Prabakaran, Shyam Kelavkar, Sindhu Rashmi, David Ngo, Kheng Xiong Ng, Nisha Menon, Sweni Shah, Mark Barber, Derek Esson, Fiona Brodie, Talat Anjum, Mushtaq Wani, Manju Krishnan, Leanne Quinn, Jayne Spencer, Terry Jones, Helen Thompson-Jones, Lynne Dacey, Srikanth Chenna, Sharon Storton, Sarah Thomas, Teresa Beaty, Shelley Treadwell, Caroline Davies, Susan Tucker, Lynda Connor, Peter Slade, Glyn Gainard, Girish Muddegowda, Ranjan Sanyal, Alda Remegoso, Nenette Abano, Chelsea Causley, Racquel Carpio, Stephanie Stevens, Adrian Butler, Resti Varquez, Hayley Denic, Francis Alipio, Andrew Moores, Adrian Barry, Holly Maguire, Jeanette Grocott, Kay Finney, Sue Lyjko, Christine Roffe, Joanne Hiden, Phillip Ferdinand, Vera Cvoro, Khalil Ullah, Nicola Chapman, Mandy Couser, Susan Pound, Sean Mcauley, Senthil Raghunathan, Faye Shelton, Amanda Hedstrom, Margi Godfrey, Diane Havard, Amanda Buck, Kailash Krishnan, Nicola Gilzeane, Jack Roffe, Judith Clarke, Katherine Whittamore, Saima Sheikh, Rekha Keshvara, Carla Jordan, Benjamin Jackson, Gwendoline Wilkes, Jason Appleton, Zhe Law, Oliver Matias, Evangelos Vasileiadis, Cathy Mason, Anthea Parry, Geraldine Landers, Melinda Holden, Basaam Aweid, Khalid Rashed, Linda Balian, Carinna Vickers, Elizabeth Keeling, Sarah Board, Joanna Allison, Clare Buckley, Barbara Williams-Yesson, Joanne Board, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Alfonso Tanate, Diane Wood, Manohar Kini, Dinesh Chadha, Deborah Walstow, Rosanna Fong, Robert Luder, Tolu Adesina, Jill Gallagher, Hayley Bridger, Elodie Murali, Maneesh Bhargava, Chloe van Someren, Frances Harrington, Abhijit Mate, Ali James, Gillian Courtauld, Christine Schofield, Katja Adie, Linda Lucas, Kirsty Bond, Bev Maund, Sam Ellis, Paul Mudd, Martin James, Samantha Keenan, Angela Bowring, Julie Cageao, Hayley Kingwell, Caroline Roughan, Anthony Hemsley, Jane Sword, David Strain, Keniesha Miller, Anita Goff, Karin Gupwell, Kevin Thorpe, Hedley Emsley, Shuja Punekar, Alison McLoughlin, Sulaiman Sultan, Bindu Gregory, Sonia Raj, Donna Doyle, Keith Muir, Wilma Smith, Angela Welch, Fiona Moreton, Bharath Kumar Cheripelli, Salwa El Tawil, Dheeraj Kalladka, Xuya Huang, Nicola Day, Sankaranarayanan Ramachandran, Caroline Crosbie, Jennifer Elliot, Tony Rudd, Katherine Marks, Ajay Bhalla, Jonathan Birns, Sagal Kullane, Nic Weir, Christopher Allen, Vanessa Pressly, Pam Crawford, Emma Battersby-Wood, Alex Blades, Shuna Egerton, Ashleigh Walters, Sue Evans, James Richard Marigold, Fiona Smith, Gabriella Howard, Imogen Gartrell, Simon Smith, Robyn Creeden, Chloe Cox, Cherish Boxall, Jonathan Hewitt, Claire Nott, Procter Sarah, Jessica Whiteman, Steve Buckle, Rebecca Wallace, Rina Mardania, Jane Gray, Claire Triscott, Anand Nair, Jill Greig, Pratap Rana, Matthew Robinson, Mohammad Irfan Alam, David Werring, Duncan Wilson, Caroline Watchurst, Maria Brezitski, Luci Crook, Ifan Jones, Azra Banaras, Krishna Patel, Renuka Erande, Caroline Hogan, Isabel Hostettler, Amy Ashton, Shez Feerick, Nina Francia, Nnebuife Oji, Emma Elliott, Talal Al-Mayhani, Martin Dennis, Cathie Sudlow, William Whiteley, Dipankar Dutta, Pauline Brown, Deborah Ward, Fiona Davis, Jennifer Turfrey, Chloe Hughes, Kayleigh Collins, Rehana Bakawala, Susan O'Connell, Jon Glass, David Broughton, Dinesh Tryambake, Lynn Dixon, Kath Chapman, Andrew Young, Adrian Bergin, Andrew Sigsworth, Aravind Manoj, Glyn Fletcher, Paula Lopez, Penelope Cox, Mark Wilkinson, Paul Fitzsimmons, Nikhil Sharma, James Choulerton, Denise Button, Lindsey Dow, Lukuman Gbadamoshi, Joanne Avis, Barbara Madigan, Stephanie McCann, Louise Shaw, Deborah Howcroft, Suzanne Lucas, Andrew Stone, Gillian Cluckie, Caroline Lovelock, Brian Clarke, Neha Chopra, Natasha Clarke, Bhavini Patel, Kate Kennedy, Rebecca Williams, Adrian Blight, Joanna O'Reilly, Chukwuka Orefo, Nilofer Dayal, Rita Ghatala, Temi Adedoyin, Fran Watson, Sarah Trippier, Lillian Choy, Barry Moynihan, Usman Khan, Val Jones, Naomi Jeyaraj, Lourda Kerin, Kamy Thavanesan, Divya Tiwari, Chantel Cox, Anja Ljubez, Laura Tucker, Arshi Iqbal, Caroline Bagnall, Marketa Keltos, Josh Roberts, Becky Jupp, Catherine Ovington, Emily Rogers, Owen David, Jo Bell, Barbara Longland, Gail Hann, Martin Cooper, Mohammad Nasar, Anoja Rajapakse, Inez Wynter, Ijaz Anwar, Helen Skinner, Tarn Nozedar, Damian McArdle, Balakrishna Kumar, Susan Crawford, Arunkumar Annamalai, Alex Ramshaw, Clare Holmes, Sarah Caine, Mairead Osborn, Emily Dodd, Peter Murphy, Nicola Devitt, Pauline Baker, Amy Steele, Lucy Belle Guthrie, Samantha Clarke, Ahamad Hassan, Dean Waugh, Emelda Veraque, Linetty Makawa, Mary Kambafwile, Marc Randall, Vasileios Papavasileiou, Claire Cullen, Jenny Peters, Hlaing Thant, Tanya Ingram, Mellor Zoe, Ramesh Durairaj, Melanie Harrison, Sarah Stevenson, Daniela Shackcloth, Jordan Ewing, Victoria Sutton, Mark McCarron, Jacqueline McKee, Mandy Doherty, Ferghal McVerry, Caroline Blair, Mary MacLeod, Janice Irvine, Heather Gow, Jacqueline Furnace, Anu Joyson, Baljit Jagpal, Sarah Ross, Katrina Klaasen, Sandra Nelson, Rebecca Clarke, Nichola Crouch, Beverly MacLennan, Vicky Taylor, Daniel Epstein, Avani Shukla, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Paul Nicholas, Sammie Qureshi, Adam Webber, Justin Penge, Hawraman Ramadan, Stuart Maguire, Chris Patterson, Ruth Bellfield, Brigid Hairsine, Kelvin Stewart, Michaela Hooley, Outi Quinn, Bella Richard, Sally Moseley, Mandy Edwards, Heidi Lawson, Michelle Tayler, Yogish Pai, Mahesh Dhakal, Bernard Esisi, Sofia Dima, Gemma Marie Smith, Mark Garside, Muhammad Naeem, Vidya Baliga, Gill Rogers, Ellen Brown, David Bruce, Rachel Hayman, Susan Clayton, Ed Gamble, Rebecca Grue, Bethan Charles, Adam Hague, Sujata Blane, Caroline Lambert, Afnan Chaudhry, Thomas Harrison, Kari Saastamoinen, Dionne Hove, Laura Howaniec, Gemma Grimwood, Ozlem Redjep, Fiona Humphries, Lucia Argandona, Larissa Cuenoud, Esther Erumere, Sageet Amlani, Grace Auld, Afraim Salek-Haddadi, Ursula Schulz, James Kennedy, Gary Ford, Philip Mathieson, Ian Reckless, Rachel Teal, Giulia Lenti, George Harston, Eoin O'Brien, Joanne Mcgee, Jennifer Mitchell, Elaine Amis, Dominic Handley, Siobhan Kelly, George Zachariah, Jobbin Francis, Sarah Crisp, Juliana Sesay, Sarah Finlay, Helen Hayhoe, Niamh Hannon, Tom Hughes, Bethan Morse, Henry De Berker, Emma Tallantyre, Ahmed Osman, Susan White, Stefan Schwarz, Benjamin Jelley, Rajendra Yadava, Khalid Azhar, Julie Reddan, Mirriam Sangombe, Samantha Stafford, Ken Fotherby, Debbie Morgan, Farrukh Baig, Karla Jennings-Preece, Donna Butler, Nasar Ahmad, Angela Willberry, Angela Stevens, Baljinder Rai, Prasad Siddegowda, Peter Howard, Lisa Hyatt, Tracey Dobson, David Jarrett, Suheil Ponnambath, Jane Tandy, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Rebecca Butler, Claire James, Stacey Valentine, Anne Suttling, Peter Langhorne, Gillian Kerr, Fiona Wright, Ruth Graham, Christine McAlpine, Mohammad Shahzad Iqbal, Louise Humphreys, Kath Pasco, Olga Balazikova, Ashraf Nasim, Cassilda Peixoto, Louise Gallagher, Shahrzad Shahmehri, Sandip Ghosh, Elizabeth Barrie, Danielle Gilmour, Margo Henry, Tom Webb, Linda Cowie, Hannah Rudenko, Shanni McDonald, Natasha Schumacher, Susannah Walker, Tracey Cosier, Anna Verrion, Eva Beranova, Audrey Thomson, Marius Venter, Arindam Kar, Sheila Mashate, Kirsten Harvey, Léjeune Gardener, Vinh Nguyen, Omid Halse, Olivia Geraghty, Beth Hazel, Peter Wilding, Victoria Tilley, Tim Cassidy, Beverley McClelland, Maria Bokhari, Timothy England, Mohana Maddula, Richard Donnelly, Paul Findlay, Ashish Macaden, Ian Shread, Charlotte Barr, Azlisham Mohd Nor, Claire Brown, Nicola Persad, Charlotte Eglinton, Marie Weinling, Benjamin Hyams, Alex Shah, John Baker, Anthony Byrne, Caroline McGhee, Amanda Smart, Claire Copeland, Michael Carpenter, Marion Walker, Richard Davey, Ann Needle, Razik Fathima, Gavin Bateman, Prabal Datta, Andrew Stanners, Linda Jackson, Julie Ball, Michelle Davis, Natalie Atkinson, Michelle Fawcett, Teresa Thompson, Helen Guy, Valerie Hogg, Carole Hays, Stephen Woodward, Mohammad Haque, Eluzai Hakim, Stuart Symonds, Mehran Maanoosi, Jane Herman, Toby Black, Skelton Miriam, Caroline Clarke, Alpha Anthony, Michele Tribbeck, Julie Cronin, Denise Mead, Ruth Fennelly, James McIlmoyle, Christina Dickinson, Carol Jeffs, Sajjad Anwar, Joanne Howard, Kirsty Jones, Saikat Dhar, Caroline Clay, Muhammad Siddiq, Simone Ivatts, Yolanda Baird, Moore Sally, Isobel Amey, Sophie Newton, Lisa Clayton-Evans, Indra Chadbourn, Rayessa Rayessa, Charde Naylor, Alicia Rodgers, Lisa Wilson, Sarah Wilson, Emma Clarkson, Ruth Davies, Paula Owings, Graeme Sangster, Valerie Gott, Victoria Little, Pauline Weir, Suja Cherian, Deepa Jose, Helen Moroney, Susan Downham, Angela Dodd, Venetia Vettimootal Johnson, Laura Codd, Naomi Robinson, Ashraf Ahmed, Mo Albazzaz, Sharon Johnson, Carol Denniss, Mishell Cunningham, Tajammal Zahoor, Timothy Webster, Sandra Leason, Syed Haider, Kausic Chatterjee, Arumugam Nallasivan, Charlotte Perkins, Samantha Seagrave, Colin Jenkins, Fiona Price, Claire Hughes, Lily Mercer, Malik Hussain, Sarah Brown, Miriam Harvey, Jane Homan, Mohammad Khan, Robert Whiting, Leanne Foote, Nicholas Hunt, Helen Durman, Lucy Brotherton, Jayne Foot, Corinne Pawley, Eliza Foster, Alison Whitcher, Kneale Metcalf, Jenny Jagger, Susan McDonald, Kelly Waterfield, Patrick Sutton, Naval Shinh, Ajmal Anversha, Garth Ravenhill, Richard Greenwood, Janak Saada, Alison Wiltshire, Rebekah Perfitt, Sreeman Andole, Naveen Gadapa, Karen Dunne, Magdalini Krommyda, Evelyne Burssens, Sam King, Catherine Plewa, Nigel Smyth, Jenny Wilson, Elio Giallombardo, Lucy Sykes, Pradeep Kumar, James Barker, Isabel Huggett, Linda Dunn, Charlotte Culmsee, Philip Thomas, Min Myint, Helen Brew, Nikhil Majmudar, Janice OConnell, George Bunea, Charlotte Fox, Diane Gulliver, Andrew Smith, Betty Mokoena, Naweed Sattar, Ramesh Krishnamurthy, Emily Osborne, David Wilson, Belinda Wroath, Kevin Dynan, Michael Power, Susan Thompson, Victoria Adell, Enoch Orugun, Una Poultney, Rachel Glover, Hannah Crowther, Sarah Thornthwaite, Ivan Wiggam, Aine Wallace, Enda Kerr, Ailsa Fulton, Annemarie Hunter, Suzanne Tauro, Sarah Cuddy, David Mangion, Anne Hardwick, Skarlet Markova, Tara Lawrence, Carmen Constantin, Jo Fletcher, Isobel Thomas, Kerry Pettitt, Lakshmanan Sekaran, Margaret Tate, Kiranjit Bharaj, Rohan Simon, Frances Justin, Sakthivel Sethuraman, Duke Phiri, Niaz Mohammed, Meena Chauhan, Khaled Elfandi, Uzma Khan, David Eveson, Amit Mistri, Lisa Manning, Shagufta Khan, Champa Patel, Mohammed Moqsith, Saira Sattar, Man Yee Lam, Kashif Musarrat, Claire Stephens, Latheef Kalathil, Richard Miller, Maqsud Salehin, Nikki Gautam, Duncan Bailey, Kelly Amor, Julie Meir, Anne Nicolson, Javed Imam, Lisa Wood, Julie White, Mahmud Sajid, George Ghaly, Margaret Ball, Rachel Gascoyne, Harald Proeschel, Simon Sharpe, Sarah Horton, Emily Beaves, Stephanie Jones, Brigitte Yip, Murdina Bell, Linda MacLiver, Brian MacInnes, Don Sims, Jennifer Hurley, Mark Willmot, Claire Sutton, Edward Littleton, Susan Maiden, Rachael Jones, James Cunningham, Carole Green, Michelle Bates, Raj Shekhar, Ellie Gilham, Iman Ahmed, Rachel Crown, Tracy Fuller, Neetish Goorah, Angela Bell, Christine Kelly, Arun Singh, Jamie Walford, Benjamin Tomlinson, Farzana Patel, Stephen Duberley, Ingrid Kane, Chakravarthi Rajkumar, Jane Gaylard, Joanna Breeds, Nicola Gainsborough, Alexandra Pitt-Ford, Emma Barbon, Laura Latter, Philip Thompson, Simon Hervey, Shrivakumar Krishnamoorthy, Joseph Vassallo, Deborah Walter, Helen Cochrane, Meena Srinivasan, Robert Campbell, Denise Donaldson, Nichola Motherwell, Frances Hurford, Indranil Mukherjee, Antony Kenton, Sheila Nyabadza, Irene Martin, Benjamin Hunt, Hardi Hassan, Sarah O'Toole, Bander Dallol, Janet Putterill, Ratneshwari Jha, Rachel Gallifent, Puneet Kakar, Aparna Pusalkar, kelly Chan, Puneet Dangri, Hannah Beadle, Angela Cook, Karen Crabtree, Santhosh Subramonian, Peter Owusu-Agyei, Natalie Temple, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Suzanne Ragab, Kerstin Knops, Emma Jinks, Christine Dickson, Laura Gleave, Judith Dube, Jacqui Leggett, Tatiana Garcia, Sissy Ispoglou, Rachel Evans, Sandeep Ankolekar, Anne Hayes, Hlaing Ni, Bithi Rahman, Josette Milligan, Carol Graham, Josin Jose, Breffni Keegan, Jim Kelly, Richard Dewar, James White, Kelly Thomas, Rajkumar, C, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, University of St Andrews. Pure Mathematics, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, and University of St Andrews. School of Biology

Subjects
Male, MICROBLEEDS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY, Brain Ischemia, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Secondary Prevention, ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE, Aged, 80 and over, Aspirin, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, medicine.diagnostic_test, Hazard ratio, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Superficial siderosis, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, Stroke, Treatment Outcome, Female, medicine.drug, CT, medicine.medical_specialty, ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY, Clinical Neurology, Neuroimaging, Subgroup analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage, business.industry, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, DAS, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, SIGNS, ASPIRIN, Neurology (clinical), Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, SUPERFICIAL SIDEROSIS, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background: Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy.Methods: RESTART was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK that assessed whether starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. For this prespecified subgroup analysis, consultant neuroradiologists masked to treatment allocation reviewed brain CT or MRI scans performed before randomisation to confirm participant eligibility and rate features of the intracerebral haemorrhage and surrounding brain. We followed participants for primary (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) and secondary (ischaemic stroke) outcomes for up to 5 years (reported elsewhere). For this report, we analysed eligible participants with intracerebral haemorrhage according to their treatment allocation in primary subgroup analyses of cerebral microbleeds on MRI and in exploratory subgroup analyses of other features on CT or MRI. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN71907627.Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were enrolled, of whom 525 (98%) had intracerebral haemorrhage: 507 (97%) were diagnosed on CT (252 assigned to start antiplatelet therapy and 255 assigned to avoid antiplatelet therapy, of whom one withdrew and was not analysed) and 254 (48%) underwent the required brain MRI protocol (122 in the start antiplatelet therapy group and 132 in the avoid antiplatelet therapy group). There were no clinically or statistically significant hazards of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage in primary subgroup analyses of cerebral microbleed presence (2 or more) versus absence (0 or 1) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·30 [95% CI 0·08–1·13] vs 0·77 [0·13–4·61]; pinteraction=0·41), cerebral microbleed number 0–1 versus 2–4 versus 5 or more (HR 0·77 [0·13–4·62] vs 0·32 [0·03–3·66] vs 0·33 [0·07–1·60]; pinteraction=0·75), or cerebral microbleed strictly lobar versus other location (HR 0·52 [0·004–6·79] vs 0·37 [0·09–1·28]; pinteraction=0·85). There was no evidence of heterogeneity in the effects of antiplatelet therapy in any exploratory subgroup analyses (all pinteraction>0·05).Interpretation: Our findings exclude all but a very modest harmful effect of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage in the presence of cerebral microbleeds. Further randomised trials are needed to replicate these findings and investigate them with greater precision.Funding: British Heart Foundation.

Published
2019

19. Rewetting degraded peatlands for climate and biodiversity benefits: Results from two raised bogs

Author

Gerald Moser, Catherine Farrell, David Wilson, Florence Renou-Wilson, Christoph Müller, and D. Fallon

Subjects
geography, Environmental Engineering, geography.geographical_feature_category, Peat, Land use, Climate, Biodiversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Greenhouse gases, Environmental protection, Greenhouse gas, Restoration, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Habitats Directive, Bog, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Species diversity
Abstract

Globally, peatlands are under threat from a range of land use related factors that have a significant impact on the provision of ecosystem services, such as biodiversity and carbon (C) sequestration/storage. In Ireland, approximately 84% of raised bogs (a priority habitat listed in Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive) have been affected by peat extraction. While restoration implies the return of ecosystem services that were characteristic of the pre-disturbed ecosystem, achieving this goal is often a challenge in degraded peatlands as post-drainage conditions vary considerably between sites. Here, we present multi-year greenhouse gas (GHG) and vegetation dynamics data from two former raised bogs in Ireland that were drained and either industrially extracted (milled) or cut on the margins for domestic use and subsequently rewetted (with no further management). When upscaled to the ecosystem level, the rewetted nutrient poor domestic cutover peatland was a net sink of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (−49 ± 66 g C m −2 yr −1 ) and a source of methane (CH 4 ) (19.7 ± 5 g C m −2 yr −1 ), while the nutrient rich industrial cutaway was a net source of CO 2 (0.66 ± 168 g C m −2 yr −1 ) and CH 4 (5.0 ± 2.2 g C m −2 yr −1 ). The rewetted domestic cutover site exhibited the expected range of micro-habitats and species composition found in natural (non-degraded) counterparts. In contrast, despite successful rewetting, the industrially extracted peatland did not exhibit typical raised bog flora. This study demonstrated that environmental and management variables can influence species composition and, therefore, the regeneration of species typical of natural sites, and has highlighted the climate benefits from rewetting degraded peatlands in terms of reduced GHG emissions. However, rewetting of degraded peatlands is a major challenge and in some cases reintroduction of bryophytes typical of natural raised bogs may be more difficult than the achievement of proper GHG emission savings. Environmental Protection Agency Bord na Móna

Published
2019

21. List of contributors

Author

Mehdi Afshari, Christophe Baley, Thomas Bechtold, Alain Bourmaud, Anthony R. Bunsell, Han G. Chae, Philippe Colomban, Peter Davies, Yehia Elmogahzy, Ramsis Farag, Bruno Fayolle, Bhupender S. Gupta, J. Martin Herrera Ramirez, Norman T. Huff, Michael G. Huson, Michael Jaffe, Hafsa Jamshaid, Vincent Jauzein, Na Jin, Sébastien Joannès, Frank R. Jones, Frank K. Ko, Christophe Le Clerc, Antoine Le Duigou, Xian Luo, Avinash P. Manian, Alba Marcellan, Bruce A. McGregor, Jiří Militký, Rajesh Mishra, Claudine Morvan, Bradley A. Newcomb, Alessandro Pegoretti, Tung Pham, Manickam Ramesh, Emmanuel Richaud, Ruchit G. Shah, Frederick H. Silver, Matteo Traina, Mohanapriya Venkataraman, Martin Vlasblom, Lynn Y. Wan, and David Wilson

Published
2018

22. Continuous oxide fibers

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
Materials science, Composite number, Oxide, Microstructure, Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ceramic, Crystallite, Fiber, Composite material, Elastic modulus
Abstract

Continuous, polycrystalline ceramic oxide fibers are characterized by having a high alumina content, an ultra-fine or nanoscale microstructure, which provides good strength and flexibility up to 1200°C and above in oxidizing atmospheres. Continuous oxide fibers are produced by the sol/gel process. Fibers are spun into continuous rovings consisting hundreds of individual filaments, which are heat treated to convert them into ceramic. Fibers can be divided into two classes: alumina-silica fibers consisting of a mixture of transitional alumina and amorphous silica and crystalline α-Al2O3–based fibers. Alumina-silica fibers have their largest applications as high-temperature textiles for insulation, while crystalline α-Al2O3fibers have higher elastic modulus and strength that are more commonly used for composite reinforcement. The strength of oxide fibers is controlled by “weakest link” statistics, i.e., fracture occurs at the largest flaw. Minimizing flaw size during processing enables higher strengths. High-temperature fiber properties are controlled by the size and nature of the crystalline and amorphous phases present; fiber manufacturers are working to optimize microstructures to improve high-temperature performance.

Published
2018

23. Microbial Diversity and Cellulase Production

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
biology, Microbial diversity, fungi, food and beverages, Cellulase, biology.organism_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rumen, chemistry, Botany, biology.protein, Cellulose, Bacterial phyla, Anaerobic exercise, Bacteria, Archaea
Abstract

Even though only a small fraction of bacterial species can grow on cellulose as a sole carbon source, there is extensive diversity among cellulolytic bacteria for aerobic and anaerobic species. Out of 29 cultured bacterial phyla, 6 contain cellulolytic species. About half of the known cellulolytic bacteria are saprophytes that degrade dead plant material either in the soil, in the rumen, or in termites. Some soil saprophytes are aerobic and some are anaerobic. Many of the other cellulolytic bacteria are plant pathogens, which can degrade living plants. Many fungi degrade cellulose with most being aerobes, but a few anaerobic fungi degrade cellulose and they are found in the rumen. At this time there are only two reported cellulolytic archaea: Desulfurococcus fermentans and Thermogladius cellulolyticus, although there are other archaea that contain cellulase genes.

Published
2016

24. Processive Cellulases

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Positive selection, Cellulase, Cell wall, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, Cellulosic ethanol, biology.protein, Cellulose, Sequence variation, Gene
Abstract

Cellulases are currently the third largest industrial enzyme class in sales volume and are likely to become the largest when and if the cellulosic ethanol industry matures. Cellulases also are key enzymes in recycling plant cell walls in nature. They are very diverse enzymes, because there are at least 10 different protein folds for cellulases, and in addition there is extensive sequence variation in each of the 12 cellulase families. This diversity probably result from two factors; one is the difficulty in hydrolyzing crystalline cellulose, which is reported to have a half-life greater than 107 years at pH 7, and the other is the extreme heterogeneity of plant cell walls, which are the main substrates of cellulolytic organisms. Thus, cellulolytic organisms may evolve a set of cellulases that are optimal for the types of cell walls that they use. There is evidence for positive selection for some cellulase genes, which is consistent with cellulases being evolved for specific substrates.

Published
2015

25. Bacterial AA10 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Enhance the Hydrolytic Degradation of Recalcitrant Substrates

Author

Nathan Kruer-Zerhusen and David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Substrate (chemistry), Monooxygenase, Polysaccharide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrolysis, Enzyme, Lytic cycle, chemistry, Biochemistry, sense organs, Binding site, Cellulose
Abstract

Auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes are produced by numerous bacterial and fungal species to assist in degrading biomass substrates. Although abundant, these enzymes have not been fully explored. The recently characterized AA10 family of bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) performs oxidative cleavage of crystalline polysaccharide substrates. This oxidative activity synergistically enhances hydrolytic attack on crystalline material without change to soluble substrates, suggesting changes to insoluble substrate recalcitrance. The crystal structures of multiple bacterial AA10 LPMOs have been solved showing a surface-exposed metal ion binding site. This conserved structural feature agrees with data showing a bound copper ion is responsible for mediating oxidative activity.

Published
2015

26. Feasible HCV targets in Egypt

Author

David Wilson and James Jansson

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Population, Psychological intervention, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, Intervention (counseling), Epidemiology, medicine, Seroprevalence, education, business, Demography
Abstract

Romulus Breban and colleagues (September issue) present modelling results of hepatitis C virus (HCV) interventions in Egypt. They suggest focusing interventions on people who regularly receive medical injections to achieve the greatest epidemiological eff ect on HCV transmission. However, we believe that universal treatment at 2·5 or even 15 years after infection (as presented in figure 5) is highly ambitious, as it would necessitate immediate identification and treatment of most of the people living with hepatitis C in Egypt. This process would demand substantial resources and the removal of many practical barriers. Although the proposed treatment coverage of the core group seems to be achievable, we would like to see the focused intervention analysed with more realistic general levels of treatment coverage to guide operational implementation. Breban and colleagues previously reported that the prevalence of HCV in people younger than 50 years in Egypt fell substantially between 1996 and 2004. This finding implies the HCV-infected population is ageing and that age is highly important in the progression of the epidemic, aff ecting future prevalence and thus continuing transmission. Decreasing prevalence is supported by evidence of falling HCV seroprevalence among blood donors, from 17·7% in 2000 to 7·6% in 2007. In Breban and colleagues’ modelling analysis, incidence was estimated from earlier data (2001–06) and age eff ects were excluded. As a result, the basic reproduction numbers calculated by Breban and colleagues might be overestimates, suggesting that less ambitious interventions might be suffi cient to control the HCV epidemic.

Published
2014

27. Immunoprophylaxis

Author

Maureen T. Long, Nicola Pusterla, and W. David Wilson

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, business
Published
2014

28. Contributors

Author

Udeni B.R. Balasuriya, Joy L. Barbet, Susan E. Barnett, Melissa Ann Bourgeois, Brandy A. Burgess, Barbara A. Byrne, Julia A. Conway, Elizabeth G. Davis, Jennifer L. Davis, Gretchen Henry Delcambre, Thomas J. Divers, Paulo C. Duarte, Maria Julia Bevilaqua Felippe, David E. Freeman, Connie J. Gebhart, Liberty M. Getman, Pamela E. Ginn, Ellis C. Greiner, Amy M. Grooters, Jorge A. Hernandez, Ashley E. Hill, Kenneth William Hinchcliff, Melissa T. Hines, Anthony N.B. Kettle, Donald P. Knowles, Michaela Kristula, Gabriele A. Landolt, Katharina L. Lohmann, Maureen T. Long, D. Paul Lunn, Robert J. MacKay, K. Gary Magdesian, Martha Mallicote, Celia M. Marr, Rosanna Marsella, Brian J. McCluskey, Robert H. Mealey, Deborah Middleton, Linda D. Mittel, Paul S. Morley, Sally Anne L. Ness, Martin K. Nielsen, Lisa K. Pearson, Caryn E. Plummer, Nicola Pusterla, Craig R. Reinemeyer, Chris Sanchez, C.J. (Kate) Savage, Kelly P. Sears, Kathy K. Seino, Debra C. Sellon, Josh Slater, Sharon J. Spier, Ahmed Tibary, Peter J. Timoney, Hugh G.G. Townsend, Josie L. Traub-Dargatz, Karl van Laaren, Heather Stockdale Walden, Andrew Stephen Waller, J. Scott Weese, Mary Beth Whitcomb, Pamela A. Wilkins, W. David Wilson, L. Nicki Wise, Sharon Witonsky, and Dana N. Zimmel

Published
2014

29. Contributors

Author

Andre Abitbol, David H. Abramson, Ranjana Advani, Mohammed Ahmed, Oguz Akin, Kaled M. Alektiar, Michael Alvarado, Howard I. Amols, John G. Armstrong, Barbara L. Asselin, Igor J. Barani, Christopher A. Barker, Luc Beaulieu, Joel S. Bedford, Adrian C. Begg, Søren M. Bentzen, Alison Bevan, Luc M. Bidaut, Eleanor A. Blakely, J. Martin Brown, Chandra M. Burman, Oren Cahlon, Matthew D. Callister, Peter Carroll, Joseph R. Castro, Daniel T. Chang, Susan M. Chang, Devron H. Char, Allen M. Chen, Andy Chen, Chien Peter Chen, Dennis S. Chi, Prakash Chinnaiyan, Robert W. Cho, Walter H. Choi, Lanceford M. Chong, Orlo H. Clark, Michael F. Clarke, Fergus V. Coakley, A. Dimitrios Colevas, Louis S. Constine, Steven Coutre, Bruce Culliney, Inder K. Daftari, Sally J. DeNardo, Maximilian Diehn, Paul J. Donald, Ira J. Dunkel, Mark Dunphy, Linda R. Duska, Sharon C. Dutton, Michael S.B. Edwards, Diana L. Farmer, Edith J. Filion, Nancy J. Fischbein, George A. Fisher, Paul Graham Fisher, James M. Ford, Barbara Fowble, Jennifer M. Fu, Karen K. Fu, Zvi Y. Fuks, Ignacio Azinovic Gamo, Kristen N. Ganjoo, Amato J. Giaccia, Iris C. Gibbs, Michael T. Gillin, Michelle S. Ginsberg, Brian J. Goldsmith, Daniel R. Gomez, Karyn Goodman, Alexander R. Gottschalk, Edward E. Graves, Sheryl Green, Roy C. Grekin, Ravinder K. Grewal, Leonard L. Gunderson, Philip H. Gutin, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Michael G. Haddock, Ester M. Hammond, Paul M. Harari, Louis B. Harrison, Lauren C. Harshman, Melanie G. Gephart Hayden, Russell W. Hinerman, Alice Y. Ho, Richard T. Hoppe, Sandra J. Horning, Hedvig Hricak, Annie Hsu, I-Chow Joe Hsu, Kenneth S. Hu, Melissa M. Hudson, John L. Humm, Peter Johannet, Michael J. Kaplan, Daniel S. Kapp, Mohammed Kashani-Sabet, Laurence Katznelson, Noah D. Kauff, Paul J. Keall, Youn H. Kim, Christopher R. King, Susan J. Knox, Cameron J. Koch, Marisa M. Kollmeier, Albert Koong, Lee M. Krug, Pamela L. Kunz, Michael P. La Quaglia, David A. Larson, Steven Larson, Edward R. Laws, Quynh-Thu Le, Andrew K. Lee, Nancy Lee, Gloria C. Li, Patricia Lillis-Hearne, C. Clifton Ling, David E. Linstadt, Jay S. Loeffler, Billy W. Loo, Thomas LoSasso, Gikas S. Mageras, Lawrence Margolis, Brian P. Marr, Katherine K. Matthay, Sean M. McBride, Beryl McCormick, Michael W. McDermott, Michelle Melisko, Karine Michaud, Robert C. Miller, Bruce D. Minsky, Kavita K. Mishra, Radhe Mohan, Robert J. Myerson, Subir Nag, Jean L. Nakamura, Ashwatha Narayana, Dattatreyudu Nori, Jeffrey A. Norton, Colin G. Orton, Matthew B. Parliament, Paula L. Petti, Theodore Locke Phillips, Carlos E. Pineda, Isabel M. Pires, Jean Pouliot, Joseph Presti, Jeanne M. Quivey, Andrew Quon, Rachel Rabinovitch, Lawrence Recht, Sunil A. Reddy, Andreas Rimner, Mack Roach, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Seth A. Rosenthal, Kenneth E. Rosenzweig, Lawrence N. Rothenberg, Daniel Ruan, Anthony H. Russell, Janice Ryu, Amy C. Schefler, Tracey E. Schefter, Daniela Schulz-Ertner, Karen D. Schupak, Granger R. Scruggs, Roy B. Sessions, Dennis C. Shrieve, Eric J. Small, Penny K. Sneed, Marnee M. Spierer, Sandy Srinivas, Paul Stauffer, Richard G. Stock, Xiaorong Sun, Susan M. Swetter, Patrick S. Swift, Margaret A. Tempero, Hirohiko Tsujii, Francesco Tuniz, Raul C. Urtasun, Alan P. Venook, Lynn J. Verhey, Raquel Wagman, Kent Wallner, Robert Warren, Irving L. Weissman, Mark L. Welton, Moody D. Wharam, George David Wilson, Paul F. Wilson, Suzanne L. Wolden, Shiao Y. Woo, Ping Xia, Lei Xing, Joachim Yahalom, Yoshiya Yamada, Sue S. Yom, and Michael J. Zelefsky

Published
2010

30. Text, Textual Analysis

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
Power (social and political), Government, Metaphor, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Falsity, Human geography, Narrative, Social science, Construct (philosophy), media_common, Epistemology, Storytelling
Abstract

The concept ‘text’ has become important in human geography in the last 20 years. It is widely understood as the content of written language, spoken words, or symbolic content embedded in built physical form. Text is examined by geographers as a complex form of communication that often seamlessly builds understandings and realities. What geographers have identified as text is enormous: city-growth coalition discourses, mayoral and politician pronouncements, family storytelling, linguistic utterances of planners, community architectural styles, everyday newspaper reportage, informal banter on the streets, federal codifying of housing policy, and many other things. Geographers currently apply multiple interpretations to how text made and used is powerful. Two prominent takes are most influential: neo-Marxian and neo-Foucaultian. Marxists posit intimate connections between text and the deploying of class power in diverse and variegated capitalist settings. Here, text helps construct understandings of the world that builds social realities (e.g., social relations, class categories, gender fractions, and racial groupings), state formations (e.g., economic programs, fiscal policies, and government redistributive schemes), and material realities (e.g., landscapes, cities, neighborhoods, and nations). Text here is a profoundly relational element. Text always needs to be understood against the realities of societal organization, prevailing class dynamics, and the imperatives of capital accumulation. Neo-Foucaultian accounts of the power and prowess of text examine how these formations manage and discipline populations in sanctioning the claims and practices of people and institutions. Texts here are systems of possibility for knowledge, that is, fields of knowledge formulated via sets of discursive rules. Through these subjectively constituted fields, ‘regimes of truth’ are always specific to them. Systems of possibility for suggesting and labeling truth and falsity – carried in the text’s behind-the-back rules for producing ‘logical’ assertions – make these entities potent sources of power.

Published
2009

31. Normal Mapping

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
Computer science, Normal mapping, Cartography
Published
2009

32. Contributor contact details

Author

Anthony R. Bunsell, Ramsis Farag, Yehia Elmogahzy, Thimothy Thamae, Stanley Aghedo, Caroline Baillie, Darko Matovic, Mickey G. Huson, Vincent Jauzein, Philippe Colomban, Frederick H. Silver, Michael Jaffe, Samir K. Mukhopadhyay, Jiri Militký, Emmanuel Richaud, Jacques Verdu, Bruno Fayolle, Alessandro Pegoretti, Matteo Traina, Martin P. Vlasblom, Bhupender S. Gupta, Mehdi Afshari, Frank R. Jones, Norman T. Huff, Yoji Matsuhisa, and David Wilson

Published
2009

33. Biosensor‐Surface Plasmon Resonance Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Biomolecular Interactions

Author

Farial A. Tanious, Binh Nguyen, and W. David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Streptavidin, Molecular interactions, Biomolecule, education, Nanotechnology, Biology, Characterization (materials science), chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular recognition, chemistry, Surface plasmon resonance, Biosensor, Strong binding
Abstract

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor method has emerged as a very flexible and powerful approach for detecting a wide diversity of biomolecular interactions. SPR monitors molecular interactions in real time and provides significant advantages over optical or calorimetric methods for systems with strong binding and low spectroscopic signals or reaction heats. The SPR method simultaneously provides kinetic and equilibrium characterization of the interactions of biomolecules. Such information is essential for development of a full understanding of molecular recognition as well as for areas such as the design of receptor-targeted therapeutics. This article presents basic, practical procedures for conducting SPR experiments. Initial preparation of the SPR instrument, sensor chips, and samples are described. This is followed by suggestions for experimental design, data analysis, and presentation. Steady-state and kinetic studies of some small molecule-DNA complexes are used to illustrate the capability of this technique. Examples of the agreement between biosensor-SPR and solution studies are presented.

Published
2008

35. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Developmental dysplasia, Medicine, business
Published
2008

36. Contributors

Author

Marta Gonzalez Arguedas, Udeni B.R. Balasuriya, Joy L. Barbet, Michelle Henry Barton, Alicia L. Bertone, Thomas E. Besser, Corrie C. Brown, Barbara A. Byrne, Natalie Ann Carrillo, Julie A. Cary, Carmen M.H. Colitz, Elizabeth G. Davis, Jennifer L. Davis, Fabio Del Piero, Joseph A. DiPietro, Thomas J. Divers, Richard Drolet, Paulo C. Duarte, J.P. Dubey, Magdalena Dunowska, Roberta M. Dwyer, Cheryl L. Fite, Maria Julia Bevilaqua Felippe Flaminio, David E. Freeman, Wolfgang Garten, E. Paul J. Gibbs, Pamela E. Ginn, Arthur Grabner, Ellis C. Greiner, Amy M. Grooters, Alan J. Guthrie, Joanne Hardy, Christiane Herden, Sibylle Herzog, Jill Higgins, Ashley E. Hill, Kenneth W. Hinchcliff, Melissa T. Hines, Merijo Eileen Jordan, Donald P. Knowles, Catherine Kohn, Michaela Kristula, Vanessa Kuonen, Gabriele A. Landolt, Jean-Pierre Lavoie, Dawn Logas, Katharina L. Lohmann, D. Paul Lunn, Robert J. MacKay, N. James MacLachlan, John E. Madigan, Celia M. Marr, Rosanna Marsella, Brian J. McCluskey, Robert H. Mealey, Paul S. Morley, J. Richard Newton, Paul L. Nicoletti, Martin Krarup Nielsen, J. Lindsay Oaks, Demosthenes Pappagianis, Mark G. Papich, Simon F. Peek, Nicola Pusterla, Craig R. Reinemeyer, Juergen A. Richt, Chantal M. Rothschild, L. Chris Sanchez, Kathy K. Seino, Josh Slater, Sharon J. Spier, Michael J. Studdert, W. Wesley Sutter, Corinne R. Sweeney, Ahmed Tibary, Peter J. Timoney, Hugh G.G. Townsend, Josie L. Traub-Dargatz, David C. VanMetre, J. Scott Weese, Mary Beth Whitcomb, Pamela A. Wilkins, W. David Wilson, and Dana N. Zimmel

Published
2007

37. Immunoprophylaxis

Author

Nicola Pusterla and W. David Wilson

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, business
Published
2007

39. Contributors

Author

Dorothy M. Ainsworth, Frank M. Andrews, Michelle Henry Barton, Warwick M. Bayly, Laurie A. Beard, Joseph J. Bertone, Anthony T. Blikslager, John D. Bonagura, Barbara A. Byrne, Elaine M. Carnevale, Marco A. Coutinho da Silva, Mark V. Crisman, Jennifer L. Davis, Charles Dickinson, Patricia M. Dowling, Wendy M. Duckett, Susan C. Eades, Gayle Ecker, Jonathan H. Foreman, Grant S. Frazer, David E. Granstrom, Richard P. Hackett, Bernard Hansen, Joanne Hardy, Kenneth W. Hinchcliff, Melissa T. Hines, David W. Horohov, Samuel L. Jones, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Donald R. Kapper, Catherine W. Kohn, Guy D. Lester, Katharina L. Lohmann, Maureen T. Long, D. Paul Lunn, Jennifer M. MacLeay, Hilary K. Matthews, Rebecca S. McConnico, Robert H. Mealey, Elizabeth S. Metcalf, Rustin M. Moore, William Muir, Yvette S. Nout, J. Lindsay Oaks, Dale L. Paccamonti, Nigel R. Perkins, Carlos R.F. Pinto, Michael B. Porter, Nicola Pusterla, Sarah L. Ralston, Stephen M. Reed, Virginia B. Reef, Christine A. Rees, Yasuko Rikihisa, Malcom C. Roberts, Debra K. Rooney, James B. Rowe, Bonnie R. Rush, Juan C. Samper, L. Chris Sanchez, Elizabeth M. Santschi, William J. Saville, David G. Schmitz, Harold C. Schott II, Debra C. Sellon, Daniel C. Sharp, Carla S. Sommardahl, Allison J. Stewart, Randolph H. Stewart, Ashley M. Stokes, Ramiro E. Toribio, David A. Wilkie, Pamela A. Wilkins, W. David Wilson, Thomas E. Wittum, and Dana N. Zimmel

Published
2004

40. Using and Validating the Strategic alignment model

Author

David Wilson, Jill Jones, Philip Powell, and David E. Avison

Subjects
Strategic planning, Engineering, Information Systems and Management, Process management, Operations research, business.industry, Strategic alignment, Financial institution, Strategic, Defence & Security Studies, Information technology, Management Information Systems, Technology management, Information system, Business-IT alignment, business, Financial services, Information Systems
Abstract

The literature suggests that firms cannot be competitive if their business and information technology strategies are not aligned. Yet achieving strategic alignment continues to be a major concern for business executives. A number of alignment models have been offered in the literature, primary among them the strategic alignment model (SAM). However, there is little published research that attempts to validate SAM or describe its use in practice. This paper reports on the use of SAM in a financial services firm. Data from completed projects are applied to the model to determine whether SAM is useful as a management tool to create, assess and sustain strategic alignment between information technology and the business. The paper demonstrates that SAM has conceptual and practical value. The paper also proposes a practical framework that allows management, particularly technology management, to determine current alignment levels and to monitor and change future alignment as required. Through the use of this framework, alignment is more likely to be achieved in practice.

Published
2004

41. Foal Pneumonia

Author

W. David Wilson

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Foal, biology, business.industry, biology.animal, medicine, business, medicine.disease
Published
2003

42. Preface

Author

David Wilson

Published
2002

43. DNA Intercalators

Author

W. David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Intercalation (chemistry), Biophysics, DNA
Published
1999

44. [2] Rapid in situ neutralization protocols for Boc and Fmoc solid-phase chemistries

Author

Dianne Alewood, David Wilson, Les P. Miranda, Wim Meutermans, Paul F. Alewood, and Stephen G. Love

Subjects
Solvent, In situ, chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Peptide synthesis, Solvation, Dimethylformamide, Mass spectrometry, Combinatorial chemistry, Neutralization, Amino acid
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses rapid in situ neutralization protocols for Boc and Fmoc solid-phase chemistries. The protocols for Boc chemistry are characterized by the use of a single and inexpensive solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), to maintain maximum solvation of the peptide-resin. This ensures swelling of the peptide-resin while potentially aiding the disaggregation of intermolecularly H-bonded aggregates, a major contributor to “difficult sequences.” Rapid flow washes of the swollen peptide-resin, combined with high concentrations (0.3–0.5 M) of activated amino acids and in situ neutralization, provide improved coupling efficiencies. Together with modern analytical techniques for peptide analysis such as mass spectrometry (MS) and MS combined with liquid chromatography (LC–MS), it is now feasible to observe and determine the nature of the various side products in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Such analyses are critical for future improvements in peptide synthesis.

Published
1997

45. [6] Galactokinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author

David Wilson and Mark A. Schell

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, biology, Size-exclusion chromatography, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Streptomycin Sulfate, biology.organism_classification, Galactokinase, Yeast, Enzyme assay, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the purification and characterization of galactokinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and presents some properties of this enzyme. The enzyme is purified, and characterized from several organisms including Escherichia coli, pig liver, human red cells, and yeast. The purification procedures are carried out at 0–5 ° C and include following steps: preparation of yeast, preparation of extract, ammonium sulfate fractionation, streptomycin sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Cellulose chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and BioGel A-0.5m gel filtration. Several properties of the enzyme, such as purity, stability, structure, catalysis, and immunology are discussed in the chapter. The results show that this enzyme gives anomalous results when run on polyacrylamide gels in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The enzyme has a pH optimum at 8.0 with a sharp drop in activity above pH 9.0 and a more gradual drop below pH 7.0. The antisera prepared against the purified enzyme does not cross-react with E. coli galactokinse and the antisera against the E. coli enzyme does not cross-react with the yeast enzyme.

Published
1982

48. Chapter 18 Intercalating Agents as Probes of Chromatin Structure

Author

Edmond J. Gabbay and W. David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Deoxyribose, Biochemistry, Base pair, Intercalation (chemistry), Acridine, Molecule, Biology, Combinatorial chemistry, Small molecule, DNA, Chromatin
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on intercalating agents as probes of chromatin structure. The intercalation model, proposed in the early 1960s, involves the unwinding of the deoxyribose sugar phosphate chains and elongation of the DNA molecule to produce an approximately 3.4 A-thick hydrophobic space to accommodate the insertion of planar aromatic molecules between base pairs. Lerman provided extensive experimental support for the intercalation model. A number of planar aromatic molecules have been shown to form intercalated complexes with DNA; these include the acridine dyes, antiparasitic drugs, antitumor agents, and a variety of small molecules. The structure of some typical intercalating molecules is shown in the chapter. A brief description of the characteristic physical and chemical changes occurring in both DNA and the bound small molecule as a result of intercalation are presented as an introduction to the more complex phenomena which occur with chromatin. Effects of intercalation on the physical properties of DNA are discussed. Proton magnetic resonance techniques are also described in the chapter.

Published
1978

49. Cellulases of Thermomonospora fusca

Author

David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Protease, biology, Strain (chemistry), medicine.medical_treatment, Cellulase, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemically defined medium, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, medicine, Xylanase, Doubling time, Cellulose
Abstract

Publisher Summary Thermomonospora fusca YX is a filamentous actinomycete that has a doubling time of about 4 hr when grown at 55° in defined medium with cellulose as a carbon source. The supernatant from a culture of cellulose-grown T. fusca contains a high level of cellulase activity, xylanase activity, and an active protease that modifies the different cellulases without altering their cellulase activity. A mutant strain of T. fusca has been isolated, ER-1, which produces no detectable extracellular protease activity, and the supernatant from this strain has been used to purify the different cellulase activities produced by T. fusca. Five different β-1,4-endoglucanases and one xylanase have been isolated from the culture supernatant of ER-1 cells grown on cellulose. This chapter describes the assay method and purification procedure of these enzymes.

Published
1988

50. [35] Galactokinase and uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli

Author

David S. Hogness and David Wilson

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Operon, Structural gene, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Galactokinase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, Galactose, medicine, Escherichia coli, Adenosine triphosphate, Derepression
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the purification and properties of the galactokinase and uridine diphosphogalactose (UDP-glactose) 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli. It is pertinent to the purification of these enzymes from E. coli to realize that their syntheses are coordinately induced by either D-galactose or D-fucose; this phenomenon results from the fact that their structural genes lie within a single galactose operon. The amount of enzyme in the crude extract depends on the efficiency of this induction, or derepression. It also depends on the number of copies of the galactose operon per genome. Consequently, the purification factor required to obtain pure enzyme from crude extract depends on the genotype of the E. coli and the conditions of its growth. The E. coli used as the source material in the purification procedures contain two galactose operons per genome, and are grown in the presence of the inducer, D-fucose. The galactose labeled with 14C reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce 14C-galactose-1-P and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The 14C-galactose-1-P is separated from the 14C-galactose by its preferential adsorption to anion exchange paper, and is measured by direct liquid scintillation counting of the paper. The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is the reversible interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose.

Published
1966

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