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Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. - Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population - Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field - Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia

The Human Hypothalamus: Neuroendocrine Disorders, Volume 181 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides comprehensive summaries of recent research on the brain and nervous system as they relate to clinical neurology. This volume summarizes the role of the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine disorders, identifying the mechanism of action, disorder etiology, and best practices for assessment and treatment. Disorders covered include pituitary hypothalamic disorders of development and growth, hypothalamic tumor related disorders, hypothalamic autoimmune disorders and infection, disorders of vasopressin, water and sodium homeostasis, eating disorders, and gonadotropic hormone regulation disorders. - Discusses the importance of the hypothalamus in human growth and development - Reviews hypothalamic related tumors, as well as pituitary, autoimmune, vasopressin and hormone regulation disorders - Includes metabolic and eating disorders - Identifies mechanisms of disease action and etiology - Provides best practice information for assessment and treatment

Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry, Six Volume Set has always been characterized by its unique and comprehensive content. Since publication of the 2nd edition, many important discoveries have been made leading to novel concepts in several areas of biochemistry, and new technologies have advanced our understanding of key processes of life. All of these advances are included in the new and expanded third edition. With its 6 volumes, this is the most up-to-date and complete resource on biochemistry and molecular biology, provided through contributions by leading experts in the field. - A'one-stop', comprehensive resource on'the chemistry of life', including a wealth of information and critical summaries to support research and teaching activities - Each chapter is written concisely to guide the reader though the topic, using a consistent and unified terminology - Clearly organized into seven logical sections, each curated by a world-leader in the field and the Editor in Chief

Nanomaterials in Diagnostic Tools and Devices provides a complete overview of the significance of nanomaterials in fabricating selective and performance enhanced nanodevices. It is an interdisciplinary reference that includes contributing subjects from nanomaterials, biosensors, materials science, biomedical instrumentation and medicinal chemistry. This book is authored by experts in the field of nanomaterial synthesis, modeling, and biosensor applications, and provides insight to readers working in various science fields on the latest advancements in smart and miniaturized nanodevices. These devices enable convenient real-time diagnosis of diseases at clinics rather than laboratories, and include implantable devices that cause less irritation and have improved functionality. Research in the field of nanomaterials is growing rapidly, creating a significant impact across different science disciplines and nanotechnology industries. This synthesis and modeling of nanomaterials has led to many technology breakthroughs and applications, especially in medical science. - Provides a distinctive platform for the latest trends in the synthesis of smart nanomaterials for nanodevices in disease diagnostics - Presents a broad range of advancements and applications of lateral-flow nanostrip for point-of-care applications - Examines smart-phone based nanodevices for field-based diagnosis with accurate information - Comprises more than 70 figures and illustrations that will help readers visualize and easily understand the role of nanodevices in the field of nanomedicine - Serves as an ideal reference for those studying smart nanomaterials, biosensors, and nanodevices for real-time and in-situ clinical diagnosis and drug delivery

The author is ready to assert that practically none of the readers of this book will ever happen to deal with large doses of radiation. But the author, without a shadow of a doubt, claims that any readers of this book, regardless of gender, age, financial situation, type of professional activity, and habits, are actually exposed to low doses of radiation throughout their life. This book is devoted to the effect of small doses on the body. To understand the basic effects of radiation on humans, the book contains the necessary information from an atomic, molecular and nuclear physics, as well as from biochemistry and biology. Special attention is paid to the issues that are either not considered or discussed very briefly in existing literature. Examples include the ionization of inner atomic shells that play an essential role in radiological processes, and the questions of transformation of the energy of ionizing radiation in matter. The benefits of ionizing radiation to mankind is reflected in a wide range of radiation technologies used in science, industry, agriculture, culture, art, forensics, and, what is the most important application, medicine. Radiation: Fundamentals, Applications, Risks and Safety provides information on the use of radiation in modern life, its usefulness and indispensability. Experiments on the effects of small doses on bacteria, fungi, algae, insects, plants and animals are described. Human medical experiments are inhuman and ethically flawed. However, during the familiarity of mankind with ionizing radiation, a large number of population groups were subject to accumulation, exposed to radiation at doses of small but exceeding the natural background radiation. This book analyzes existing, real-life radiation results from survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Chernobyl and Fukushima, and examines studies of radiation effect on patients, radiologists, crews of long-distant flights and astronauts, on miners of uranium copies, on workers of nuclear industry and on militaries, exposed to ionizing radiation on a professional basis, and on the population of the various countries receiving environmental exposure. The author hopes that this book can mitigate the impact of radiation phobia, which prevails in the public consciousness over the last half century. - Explores the science of radiation and the effects of radiation technologies and biological processes - Analyzes the elementary processes of ionization and excitation - Summarizes information about inner shells ionization and its impact on matter and biological structures - Discusses quantum concepts in biology and clarifies the importance of epigenetics in radiological processes - Includes case studies focusing on humans irradiated by low doses of radiation and its effects

Rehabilitation of the geriatric patient poses a unique set of challenges and conditions often not seen in younger patients, but which are common among older adults. This quick, practical resource helps physiatrists and other members of the rehabilitation team overcome these challenges, covering the wide range of topics necessary to provide the highest level of care to this rapidly increasing population. - Presents practical guidance on arthritis and joint replacement, polypharmacy and mobility, swallowing dysfunction, nutritional recommendations, psychiatric and cognitive disorders, assistive technology, and more. - Covers the physiologic changes and epidemiology of aging, osteoporosis and fragility fractures, fall prevention and intervention, and prevention of hospital-acquired deconditioning. - Consolidates today's available information on geriatric rehabilitation into one convenient resource.

Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine, Four Volume Set offers researchers over 200 articles covering every aspect of cardiovascular research and medicine, including fully annotated figures, abundant color illustrations and links to supplementary datasets and references. With contributions from top experts in the field, this book is the most reputable and easily searchable resource of cardiovascular-focused basic and translational content for students, researchers, clinicians and teaching faculty across the biomedical and medical sciences. The panel of authors chosen from an international board of leading scholars renders the text trustworthy, contemporary and representative of the global scientific expertise in these domains. The book's thematic structuring of sections and in-depth breakdown of topics encourages user-friendly, easily searchable chapters. Cross-references to related articles and links to further reading and references will further guide readers to a full understanding of the topics under discussion. Readers will find an unparalleled, one-stop resource exploring all major aspects of cardiovascular research and medicine. - Presents comprehensive coverage of every aspect of cardiovascular medicine and research - Offers readers a broad, interdisciplinary overview of the concepts in cardiovascular research and medicine with applications across biomedical research - Includes reputable, foundational content on genetics, cancer, immunology, cell biology and molecular biology - Provides a multi-media enriched color-illustrated text with high quality images, graphs and tables.

Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. - Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry - Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets - Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs

This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, edited by Dr. Gregory Branham, is devoted to Functional and Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery. Articles in this issue include: Surgical Anatomy of the Eyelid; Assessment of Eyelid Function and Esthetics; Periorbital Surgery: Forehead, Brow and Midface; Upper Lid Blepharoplasty; Lower Lid Blepharoplasty; Injectable Adjunctive Procedures for Cosmesis and Function; Peels, Lasers, and Topical Treatments for Periorbital Rejuvenation; Correction of Lid Crease Asymmetries and Ptosis; Lower Lid Malposition: Causes and Corrections; Upper Eyelid Reconstruction; Lower Eyelid Reconstruction; and Complications of Eyelid Surgery.

The volume of elderly patients requiring anesthesia and surgery is growing rapidly. Thirty-five percent of surgeries are performed on patients older than 65 years, and in general, these patients have higher morbidity and mortality rates after anesthesia compared with their younger counterparts. One of the major challenges of treating elderly patients is the heterogeneity of the geriatric population—and the need to individualize care for each patient to provide the best outcome.

This issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, guest edited by Drs. Cynthia Boyd, James T. Pacala, and Michael W. Rich, is devoted to Chronic Conditions in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease. Articles in this issue include: Epidemiology of multimorbidity in older adults with cardiovascular disease; Impact of multimorbidity on clinical outcomes in older adults with cardiovascular disease; Assessment of goals of care in patients with multiple chronic conditions; Challenges in decision-making: balancing trade-offs; Multimorbidity in older adults with heart failure; Multimorbidity in older adults with acute coronary syndromes; Multimorbidity in older adults with aortic stenosis; Multimorbidity in older adults with atrial fibrillation;Anticoagulation in older adults with multimorbidity; Approach to evaluating the multimorbid patient with cardiovascular disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery; Integrating care across disciplines; Assessing risks and benefits of invasive cardiac procedures in patients with advanced multimorbidity; Multimorbidity and end of life care in patients with cardiovascular disease; and Future research directions for cardiovascular disease.

This issue will focus on the most common reproductive endocrine conditions encountered by healthcare providers. This series is timely and will be of interest to readers as there are many recent updates to the recommendations for appropriate evaluation and treatment of several reproductive conditions. Each chapter will address specific anatomic and hormonal conditions and will examine reproductive function from puberty to menopause. A thorough summary of abnormal uterine bleeding including recent 2012 updates for evaluation and management will be emphasized. Individual chapters on anatomic causes of bleeding, such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis, will be included with a focus on new treatment options. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal cause of irregular bleeding and infertility, will also be reviewed. Recent studies provide insight into new fertility treatments for patients with PCOS including the use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction. Other fertility related chapters include the evaluation of the infertile woman, ovulation induction, recurrent pregnancy loss, and age-related infertility. Finally, a transition to premature ovarian insufficiency and menopause will be provided. The Women's Health Initiative publication in 2002 reported an association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. There are several updates since this controversial publication and recent literature will be summarized. Attention will focus on appropriate evaluation and management of these common reproductive endocrine topics reviewing recent recommendations on best practices for clinicians.

Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety covers the effects and mechanisms involved in radiation and chemical exposure on humans. The mechanisms and effects of these damaging factors have many aspects in common, as do their research methodology and the methods used for data processing. In many cases of these types of exposures the same final effect can also be noted: Cancer. Low doses of radiation and small doses of chemical exposure are continuously active and they could influence the entire population. The analysis of these two main source hazards on the lives of the human population is covered here for the first time in a single volume determining and demonstrating their common basis. Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety includes the necessary knowledge from nuclear physics, chemistry and biology, as well the methods of processing the experimental results. This title focuses on the effects of low radiation dosage and chemical hormesis as well as the hazards associated with, and safety precautions in radiation and chemicals, rather than the more commonly noted safety issues high level emergencies and disasters of this type. - Brings together, for the first time, the problems of radiation and chemical safety on a common biophysical basis. - Relates hazards caused by ionizing radiation and chemicals and discusses the common effective mechanisms - Outlines common methodology and data processing between radiation and regular chemical hazards - Concerns primarily with low levels of radiation and chemical exposure

This issue of Dental Clinics, edited by Lisa A. Thompson and Leonard J. Brennan, focuses on Geriatric Dentistry. Articles include: Our Current Geriatric Population: Demographic and Oral Health Care Utilization; Physiology of Aging of Older Adults: Systemic and Oral Health Considerations; Treatment Planning Considerations in Older Adults; Oral Health Disparity in Older Adults: Dental Decay and Tooth Loss; Oral Health Disparities in Older Adults: Oral bacteria, Inflammation and Aspiration Pneumonia; Salivary Function and Xerostomia and the Implications of Polypharmacy in Elderly; Systemic and Oral Health; Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults and Oral Health considerations: Treatment and Management; Integrating Oral Health into the Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Curriculum; Innovations in Dental Care Delivery for the Older Adult; and more!

Respiration is one of the most basic motor activities crucial for survival of the individual. It is under total control of the central nervous system, which adjusts respiratory depth and frequency depending on the circumstances the individual finds itself. For this reason this volume not only reviews the basic control systems of respiration, located in the caudal brainstem, but also the higher brain regions, that change depth and frequency of respiration. Scientific knowledge of these systems is crucial for understanding the problems in the many patients suffering from respiratory failure. - This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields.

This issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, devoted to Medical Implications of Elder Abuse and Neglect, is edited by Drs. Lisa Gibbs and Laura Mosqueda. Articles in this issue include: Physiology of Aging; Understanding the Medical Markers of Elder Abuse and Neglect: Physical Exam Findings; Medical Markers of Elder Abuse and Neglect: Laboratory Findings; Common Presentations of Elder Abuse in Healthcare Settings; Physical Abuse; Elder Abuse and Neglect by Others; Geriatric Sexual Abuse; Emotional Abuse in Geriatrics; Self- Neglect in Geriatrics; Capacity Assessment in Elder Abuse and Neglect; Geriatric Dementia and Abuse; Mental Health/ Psychiatric Issues in Elder Abuse and Neglect; Care of the Victim in Elder Abuse and Neglect; Prevention and Early Identification of Elder Abuse and Neglect; and Doctors Roles and Relationships with other Agencies in Elder Abuse and Neglect.

This issue of Endocrinology Clinics brings the reader up to date on the important advances in research surrounding acute diabetic complications. Guest edited by Leonid Poretsky and Eliana Liao, the topics covered include retinopathy, neuropathy, gastrointestinal complications, diabetic foot, dental complications, dermatologic complications, and more.

This issue of Endocrinology Clinics brings the reader up to date on the important advances in research surrounding the neuroendocrine control of metabolism. Guest edited by Christoph Buettner, the topics covered include leptin signaling, hypothalmic inflammation, hypoglycemia awareness, perinatal programming of metabolic disease, substrates, and more.