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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different doses injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone on stripping response and reproductive performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). African catfish spawners were intramuscularly injected with different doses of HCG (500, 1500, 3000, 6000 IU/kg female); males were injected at half the female dose. The results showed that fish group injected by 6000 IU/ kg female had the highest ovaries weight and gonadsomatic index, but, recorded the lowest value from ovulated egg diameter. The lower latency period was recorded with 6000 IU/ kg female (12 h). While, the highest latency period were in 500, 1500 IU/ kg (28 h) and 3000 IU/ kg (22 h). The number of fertilized eggs/ female and fertilization rate (%) were significantly different (P£0.05) among the experimental treatments, with the highest number of fertilized eggs/ female and fertilization rate were observed with 6000 IU/ kg female (60848 fertilized eggs/ female with 84.45%) and the lowest number of fertilized eggs/ female and fertilization rate were presented with 500 IU/ kg female (3372 fertilized eggs/ female with 10.15%). The number of larvae/ female and hatching rate showed significant differences (P£0.05) among different level of HCG hormone with the highest number of larvae and hatching rate with 6000 IU/ kg female (49657 larvae/ female with 81.45%) followed by those 3000 IU/ kg female (43177 larvae/ female with 73.65%), 1500 IU/ kg female (12099 larvae/ female with 57.9 %), while the incubation eggs of group injected with 500 IU/ kg female don’t show any hatching larvae. It was observed, HCG hormone has successfully and accelerate induced spawning in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)and increased in reproductive performance with the increase in HCG dosage.

Traditional optimal power flow (OPF) problem is solved considering static line rating (SLR) of the transmission lines which are constant values of power flow limits. This led to underutilization of the network and higher locational marginal prices (LMPs). Dynamic line rating (DLR) is one of the active solutions to enhance ampacity for overhead transmission lines (OHTL), especially with the penetration of high wind power without investing in an additional transmission line network. This paper investigates the effect of integrating the DLR on power dispatch with uncertainty levels due to renewable energy sources (RES) generation. The model propose is a multi-period security-constrained OPF based on particle swarm optimization (SCOPF/PSO) that takes into consideration the steady-state heat-balance equation (SS-HBE) of the OHTL and the ramp-up time of generation units. The problem is a multi-objective optimization one; the main objective is to maximize the social welfare (SW) by minimizing total system operation cost and maximizing the revenue from the energy consumers, whereas the second objective is to minimize the thermal emissions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, a case study is applied to the modified IEEE 30-bus test system. The results expound on the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

With its extensive and growing use in power systems, renewable energy sources (RES) affect power system dynamics and stability. This paper presents the impact of renewable energy sources on power system dynamics, especially through their effect on reducing the system inertia. Thus, affecting power system frequency response and stability. An analysis of the effect of inertia on system frequency dynamics is presented. Also, the possibility of determining the system inertia through online measurements is discussed and illustrated with a double-bus case study. Finally, some suggested solutions for enhancing power system dynamics with high penetration levels of renewables are presented

This paper presents a modelling and experimental verification system for a group of induction motors during starting in medium voltage networks including its effects on other nearby running units in different operating conditions. The simulation model is based on a real-life case study which is an agricultural drain pump station. The dynamic model was built with MATLAB®/SIMULINK® where a thorough performance analysis can be achieved. For system verification, the simulation curve results were compared with real-life data curves which were recorded by a suitable device located on worksite. The verified model was used to perform six practical scenarios based on the real station’s operating instructions. For each studied scenario, a group of parameters such as voltage dip, its duration and voltage regulation are discussed in detail and compared in a tabular form considering the recommended adjustments for the protection relay settings

Forty newly born male Holstein calves were distributed randomly into four treatments (n=10) to receive no additive (control), Se (2.3mg/head/d), Humic acid (HA, 15 g/head/d), HA + Se (15 g HA+2.3 mg Se/head/d) to evaluate the effect of treatments on calves performance, serum IgG concentration and some blood parameters. Calves received their respective treatments for four consecutive days after birth as treatments were mixed with colostrum and blood samples were taken at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. after birth and biweekly until 75th day of life. Treatment had no effect on ADG, feed intake or weaning weight. Se and or HA had no effect on IgG concentration at 48 hrs. Se treatment increased (P

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of Yucca Schidigera extract (YSE) at 25, 50 and 100 µl /75 ml culture ruminal fluid on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, diet degradability and methane production using the semi-automatic system for gas production (GP) assay. Three rumen-cannulated Barki sheep (58.0 ± 2.3 kg of BW) were used as inoculum donors. The culture fluid was anaerobically incubated with 300 mg of a mixture of concentrate and peanuts hay (50:50, w/w) at 39oC for 24 h. Three runs of GP were used for each assay. Results showed that YSE addition to the diets decreased GP (P

Plant extracts may be highly effective as natural dietary supplementation options to alternate the dietary antibiotics as growth promotors in ruminant diets. The current study was conducted to evaluate the dose response effects of the moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract (MLE) as a natural alternative to monensin in sheep diets, on ruminal methane production (CH4), gas production (GP), nutrient degradability and fermentation parameters. The in vitro semi-automatic system of GP was used. The treatments were MLE added to a basal diet (consisted of 50 concentrate: 50 forage) at 0 (control), 50 (MLE low) and 500 (MLE high) mg/ kg dry matter, and the ionophore antibiotic monensin was added at 40 mg/kg dry matter. Abundant quantities of essential amino acids, monosaccharides, glycosides and benzene derivatives phytochemicals components were detected by the GC–MS analysis of MLE. The most effective treatments to decrease (P < 0.05) CH4 were monensin and MLE high, while only MLE high enhanced (P < 0.05) the overall mean of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations compared to the other treatments and the molar proportion of acetate compared to monensin. A decline (P < 0.05) in protozoal count was observed by monensin, while such effect did not appear at other treatments. No significant differences were observed among the experimental treatments in the ruminal degradability, ammonia concentrations or GP. This study demonstrated efficiency of MLE as an effective natural intervention to monensin in sheep diets.

The present study consisted of two trials that conducted to evaluate the feeding frequency and the feeding time on growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition of rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus, the fish fed on one diet (35% crude protein). The first trial was conducted on rabbitfish fry (initial weight 0.18 g ± 0.012) and consisted of different three treatments of feeding frequency, the first treatment the daily meal divided into two times, the second treatment the daily meal divided into three times and the third treatment, the meal was divided into four times. The second trial was conducted on rabbitfish juvenile (initial weight 0.948 g ± 0.124) and consisted of different four treatments of feeding time. fish fed in two times the first treatment fed at 9am and 11am, the second treatment fish fed at 11am and 1pm, the third treatment fish fed 1pm and 4pm and the fourth treatment fish fed at 9am and 4pm. The statistical analysis of results indicated that, feeding frequency feeding time appeared significantly differences between the treatments in growth performance and feed utilization parameters. The total gain in weight and feed conversion ratio were affected by feeding frequency and feeding time. The results affirmed that, the third treatment (four time feeding /day) in the first trial and both the first and second treatments in the second trial were the best of the growth performance and feed utilization parameters.

This paper presents a proposed variant of differential evolution approach (DEA) for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The OPF aims to minimize/maximize certain objective functions while maintaining different equality and inequality constraints. The fuel cost minimization, power losses minimization, and voltage stability improvement are considered as the OPF objective functions. The proposed approach employs a proposed variant of DEA (DE/best/1) for solving the OPF. The proposed approach has a high capability of global search exploitation and fast convergence. The effectiveness of the proposed DEA is tested on the standard IEEE 30-bus test system and the West Delta region system (WDN) as a part of the Egyptian Unified network. The obtained numerical results by the proposed DEA are compared with other evolutionary methods to show its potential and capability

Two spectrophotometric methods described for determination of, Gliclazide and Glibenclamide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using insitu generated bromine as oxidizing agent and either methylene blue or methyl orange as chromogenic agents. Drugs are treated with known excess of bromine and residual unreacted bromine is determined by treating with fixed amount of either methylene blue or methyl orange then measuring absorbance at 669 nm and 508 nm, respectively. The amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of each drug. Effects of acidity, bromate - bromide volume and reaction time, on the absorption were studied. Calibration curves were linear over ranges of 3–10 μg.ml-1 for Gliclazide, 4- 24 μg.ml-1 for Glibenclamide in case of methylene blue and of 2–6 μg.ml-1 for Gliclazide, 4-12μg.ml-1 for Glibenclamide in case of methyl orange. The methods were validated and satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and in tablet form and results were compared statistically with reported methods.

An isocratic RP-HPLC method has been developed for rapid and simultaneous separation and estimation of three antidiabetics drugs, metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride in tablet dosage forms within 6 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Thermo Scientific® BDS Hypersil C8 column (5µm, 2.50 x 4.60 mm) using a mobile phase of MeOH : 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3.20 using ortho - phosphoric acid (70 : 30, v/v) at ambient temperature. The flow rate was 1 mL/min and UV detection was set at 235 nm. The retention time of metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride was noted to be 3.06, 4.33 and 6.00 minutes respectively, indicating a very short analysis time rather than other reported methods. Also, limits of detection were reported to be 0.05, 1.21 and 0.11 µg/mL for metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride, respectively, showing a high degree of the method sensitivity. The method was then validated according to ICH guidelines where it was found to be accurate, reproducible and robust. Finally, the method was compared statistically with reference methods indicating that there is no significant difference between them in respect of precision and accuracy.

The effect of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) on fattening lambs, digestibility, feeding values, feed conversion, growth performance and economical evaluation were studied. The moringa leaves was included at a rate of 0, 7.5, 15 and 30% of the tested rations replacing soybean meal forming four dietary treatments. The control ration consisted of 75% concentrate feed mixture + 25% wheat straw. Twenty lambs with average live body weight 45 ± 1.0 kg at 10 months of age were used for 90 days feeding period. Five animals were allotted per treatment. Results revealed that moringa leaves containing high of ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract (5.8, 16.5 and 52.7), respectively, but containing low of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and nutrient detergent fiber (13.1, 20.0 and 30.3), respectively. Digestibility of all nutrients were non-significant except that ether extract (EE). Nutritive values tended to decrease as the level of moringa leaves increased. While DM intake and feed conversion tended to increase as the level of moringa leaves increased in the ration. Significant effects of blood analysis were obtained at liver and kidney function, when the level of moringa leaves increased in the rations. Economical evaluation was in favor of the 15% and 30% level supplementation regarding relative percentage of net revenue and relative percentage of cost of feed consumed. In conclusion, moringa leaves could be used economically and successfully for feeding lambs.

Effects of Buxus chinensis extract, Bacillus thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) mixture on certain biological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis were studied against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of S. littoralis. The mixture of the three compounds was the most toxic against the 2nd and 4th instar larvae, where it caused high percentage of mortality, while B. thuringiensis (Dipel 2x) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) mixture induced a slight effect against the 2nd and 4th instars. Regarding the ethanolic extract of Buxus chinensis leaves, it was more effective than B. thuringiensis (Dipel 2x) or nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in respect of pupal mortality and larval , pupal and adult duration. This plant extract also reduced the fecundity and fertility of females emerged from the treated larvae of S. littoralis.

Two spectrophotometric methods are described for determination of Cefepime, Cefoperasone and Cefotriaxone in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using in situ generated bromine as oxidizing agent and either methylene blue or methyl orange as chromogenic agents. Drugs are treated with known excess of bromine and residual unreacted bromine is determined by treating with fixed amount of either methylene blue or methyl orange then measuring absorbances at 678 nm and 510 nm, respectively. The amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of each drug. Effect of acidity, bromate – bromide volume and reaction time, on the absorption was studied. Calibration curves were linear over ranges of 1-3 µg.ml-1 for Cefepime,0.4- 1.0 µg.ml-1 for Cefoperazone and 0.3-0.8 µg.ml-1 for Cefotriaxone in case of methylene blue and of 0.05–3.0 µg.ml-1 for Cefepime, 0.75-2.0µg.ml-1 for Cefotriaxone in case of methyl orange. The for Cefoperazone and 0.2-1.4 µg.ml-1 methods were satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms and results were compared statistically with reference methods.

A series of 1,2,4-triazolo4,3-cJquinazoline-3-thiol was synthesized by reacting isatoic anhydrides (Ia, Ib) with thiosemicarbazide to yield the appropriate 2-acylhydrazinocarbothioamides (IIab ,IIb) which were cyclized to afford 5-(2- substituted aminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiols (IIIab ,IIIb) using sodium hydroxide. The triazol derivatives (IIIab,IIIb) were cyclized to the new 1,2,4-riazolo4,3-cquinazoline-3-thiol (IV) upon condensation with aromatic aldehydes. Whereas, cyclization of (IIIab,IIIb) with formaldehyde unexpectedly afforded 3-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazolo1,5-cquinazolin-2-thione (VIa, VIb). The last reaction is the role-play to the formation of a series of 1,2,4-triazolo 1,5-cquinazoline-2-thiol (VLc, VId, VII) upon boiling of the appropriate 1,2,4-triazolo4,3-cquinazoline-3-thiol in ethanol with acidified formaldehyde. Also, alkylation of 3-thiol derivatives (IV) with the appropriate alkyl halide in alkaline medium afforded a new series of 3-alkyl (or 3-aralkyl) thio-1,2,4-triazolo4,3-cquinazolines (Va-b). Otherwise, alkylation of 5-(2-methylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol (IIIa) was affected firstly and followed by condensation with either carbon disulfide or hydroxybenzaldehyde to produce 3-alkylthio-6- methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(4,3-cquinazolin-5(6H)-thione (IX) or 3-alkylthio-5-(hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo4,3- c]quinazoline (V1-1) respectively. Oxo-desulfuration was the key-procedure for preparation of 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-(4- nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo4,3-cquinazoline (X) from its thione analogue. The new triazoloquinazoline derivatives were subjected to preliminary pharmacological screening, where compounds (VIf, Vb, VIa, VIb, VId, X) produced a moderate to high CNS stimulant effect when tested on mice. Furthermore, compound (VIa) was tested by recording the electroencephalographic changes induced by its intravenous injection in conscious rabbits which gave noticeable results.

The method describes a colorimetric procedure for determination of some vasoacting drugs namely, domperidone, dipyridamole, and cinnarizine. In this procedure, metanil yellow and methyl orange were utilized in the determination of the concerned compounds by forming ion pair complex in aqueous solution at acidic pH's.Upon extraction of the ion pair into methylene chloride, the yellow extract showed absorption maxima at 413 and 425 nm for metanil yellow and methyl orange, respectively .Sensitivity has been increased nearly two times with metanil yellow and nearly six times with methyl orange on acidification of the methylene chloride extract with acidified ethanol which resulted in conversion of the yellow organic extract into magenta red color with absorption maxima at 541 nm and 525 nm for metanil yellow and methyl orange, respectively The procedure was applied for the determination of these compounds in their formulations. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the proposed method and official or reported methods.

SUMMARY The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on milk production, and composition and some hematobiochemical characteristics in Damascus goats. Fifteen Damascus lactating goats in their third to fourth lactation season and at 30-40 days postpartum were divided into three equal groups. The first group was served as control, while the second and the third groups were subcutaneously and biweekly injected for 8 weeks, with low (50 mg/doe) or high (100 mg/doe) doses of rbST, respectively. Administration with rbST resulted in a significant (P 0.05) increase in the levels of total solids, milk protein and fat compared with control, while lactose was significantly (P

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure is described for the quantitative determination of certain fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin) either in authentic samples or in their pharmaceutical formulations. The cited drugs are interacted with a synthetic reagent, N-2,6-dimethylphenyl-2,3-dichloromaleimide forming an intense colour which can be measured at Amax 514 nm. The optimum interaction conditions, molar ratio of the reactants, and calibration graphs have been studied. A comparative study with the official pharmacopoeial methods of assay of the cited drugs showed no significant difference between them. Furthermore, the proposed procedure was more sensitive and selective. Moreover, the reaction product was isolated and subjected to the structural study using IR and NMR spectroscopy.

A series of quinolinoxymethyl triazole (5), oxadiazole (6,8), isoxazolidin-3,5-diones (10), pyrazolidin-3,5-diones (11a,b) and other related pyrimidin-2,4,6-triones (12,) and pyrimidin-4,6-dione-2-thiones (12a) were synthesized. Four of the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity; two of them displayed high activity against a variety of bacterial strains.

An analytical method for the determination of ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography was developed. Piperazine, triethylformate, 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline and 1,3-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene do not interfere with the analysis of ofloxacin. Also, cyclopropylamine, piperazine hexahydrate, ethylene diamine ciprofloxacin analog, 3- chloro-4- fluoroaniline, 1,3-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene and fluoroquinolonic acid do not Haterfere with the analysis of ciprofloxacin Salicylic acid was used as internal standard and the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 35% methanol in 0.05 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the pH adjusted to 2.8 at flow rate 1 ml min-1. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Lichrospher 60-RP column with ultraviolet detection at 274 nm. The BOcratic system was operated at ambient temperature and required 8 min of chromatographic time. The method was applied to Tanvid® tablets and Ciprinol ® ampoules with relative standard deviation 0.75 and 1.62, respectively.

The paper presents a new look for allocating controlled variable series compensation in electrical transmission networks from the view points of voltage collapse, capacity of transmission, and transmission losses, For more realistic and accurate representation, the load is manipulated as a state variable and voltage dependent throughout the solution process. The solution algorithm searches for the optimal line to be compensated and ratings of series capacitive compensation in order to increase capacity of transmission, enhance voltage stability margin, define voltage collapse point, and finally identifjr the most sensitive and vulnerable nodes in the network.

The synthesis of 12,12a-dihydropyrimido-[4',5' : 4,5]-pyrimido-[1,6-a]-indole-1,6[ 2H, 5H]-dione is described. Treatment of enaminonitriles I with chloroacetyl chloride afforded the tetracyclic compounds II. In contrast compound I with nuorophenyl group at position 2 gave N-chloroacetylamino derivatives III which underwent cyclization either by acid or base. Preliminary Pharmacological screening of some compounds showed significant antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities.

A simple and direct spectrodensitometric method has been developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of three pairs of diuretic mixtures: i- spironolactone with hydrochlorothiazide, ii- captopril with hydrochlorothiazide and ii- spironolactone with furosemide p-Chloroacetanilide was used as internal standard in quantitative determination. The method was applied for the determination of these drugs in different pharmaceutical dosage forms: Aldactazide, Capozide tablets and Fructone capsules. The results indicated high accuracy and reproducibility.