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The research aims to evaluate the efficiency of some consolidation materials for tracing paper; hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel-E), zinc oxide nanoparticles and nanocellulose. The consolidated materials were used independently, and as hybrid mixtures to improve their properties. The prepared nanomaterials were examined with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and the materials used to consolidate the tracing paper samples after artificial aging were evaluated. Evaluation methods included investigation of the surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), measurement of mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation), and detection of chemical changes of the treated samples before and after thermal ageing at 80°C and 65% relative humidity by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Based on the results of the examinations, consolidation by the hybrid mixture consisting of hydroxylpropyl cellulose and nanocellulose proved to be successful; giving the best results when this hybrid mixture was applied on tracing paper samples. This mixture was distinguished by its ability to spread easily inside the paper, giving greater strength to the binding, without forming a film on the surface of the paper and causing stiffness or opacity to treated tracing paper. Therefore, this hybrid mixture was used to consolidate an archaeological tracing map at the Egyptian Geographical Society dating back to (1807 AD).

The research aims to conduct an experimental study to compare the effect of the Deacidification of tracing paper using; Calcium Hydroxide dissolved in Ethyl alcohol; in comparison with that use Nanocalcium Hydroxide dissolved in Isopropyl alcohol. Then; performing tests and analysis to compare between the two materials, in order to select the most suitable one to deacidify archaeological tracing maps at the “Egyptian Geographical Society” in, Egypt. The treatment methods used on tracing paper samples have been assessed after accelerated aging procedures, to study the efficiency of the Deacidification materials, using FTIR analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to identify the chemical changes in the functional groups of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, by comparing the intensity and regions of the absorption spectrum of their characteristic functional groups, in both the treated and standard samples. Also; microscopic examination was conducted; using Digital Light Microscope, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); to examine the surface appearance of the treated paper sample. Moreover; the visual properties by using a colorimeter to assess the colour changes that occurred in the treated paper samples before and aging. The mechanical properties of the paper samples were evaluated by measuring the tensile strength and elongation percentage. Furthermore; the quality of the Deacidification was evaluated by measuring the pH of the treated samples in comparison with the standard samples. The Nanocalcium Hydroxide treatment was proved to have a slight effect on the chemical composition of the paper and an improved Deacidification; in comparison to Calcium Hydroxide.

The instructional value of rubrics for promoting student learning and aiding teacher feedback to student performance has been extensively reached in the educational literature. There is nonetheless a dearth of studies on students' rubric use in second/foreign language contexts. And fewer studies have investigated the factor affecting rubrics' effectiveness for promoting student learning. The paper Reports a classroom-based inquiry unto students' perceptions of rubric use in self-assessment in English as a foreign language context and the factors moderating its effectiveness. Eighty students at Chinese university participated in the study. The data collected included their reflective journals and six case study informants' retrospective interviews. Results showed that the rubric was perceived as useful for fostering the students' self-regulation by guiding them through the stages of goal-setting, planning, self- monitoring and self-reflection. Both within-rubric and rubric-user factors were identified as affecting the rubric's effectiveness in student self-assessment. The findings are discussed with reference to the design features of rubrics implications are drawn for formative rubric use in student self-assessment

Paper Dust is defined as fine particles of paper fibres, its fibrils and its powder or it is the particles of paper filler material which is falling during the process of passing paper reel in web litho-offset printing machineor during transfering paper sheets to printing machines or during shredding of scraps of paper resulting from shearing or trimming or Slit or Punching. Paper dust causes many health problems and thorax diseases to be treated to varying degrees according to several variables, including source distance, exposure periods, inhaled quantity, and particle properties such as size, shape, density and chemical composition. Paper dust particles maximum exposure limits in accordance to the Egyptian ministerial act no. (211) of 2003 year equals 10 milligram / m3 every 8 hours. So the aim of this research is to introduce several available engineering solutions to protect workers from the health risks resulting of exposure to paper dust which are as follows: Ventilation , Dust Collectors installation, Water Mist, and Respiratory protective Equipment (RPE), in addition to ensuring the optimal selection of filters used in it and their suitability to the material and its concentration on air surrounding the workers.

This study deals with optimizing pulping conditions of the banana stem to substitute softwood pulp in writing and printing paper. Scanning micrograph and chemical composition of banana stem indicate that banana fibers are flat, flexible, long (2.24 mm) and the raw banana is characterized with high cellulose (65%) and low lignin (13.5%)contents. The banana stem was pulped using Kraft process (8.5 % alkali as Na2O and 17% sulfidity cooked at 105oC for 3 hr. Detail mechanism of the pulping parameters was discussed. The obtained pulps were characterized with respect to yield (64%) and Kappa number (35%). Compared to imported softwood pulp, all strength properties and opacity are high. This is attributed to the long banana fibers and the high cellulose content. The effect of these two parameters on tensile, burst, and tear, strengths was discussed. High quality of writing and printing paper was obtained by a furnish blend ratio of 20%-80%, banana stem pulp, and commercial bagasse pulp respectively. Keywords: Banana Stem, Fiber length, Sulfate pulp, writing and printing papers.

In an attempt to take advantage of agricultural waste such as rice straw, which causes an environmental problem, it was used as a cellulose source by treatment with ionic liquid, which can be recovered after the reaction , into cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydrogel preparation of these derivatives. Derivatives and hydrogels were used as additives to the pulp during the paper preparation process with other additives. The experiments showed an improvement in the mechanical and optical properties of the resulting paper. The study showed that the water absorption rate in the paper was increased with the addition of both MC and CMC to reach 230 and 290%, respectively. On the other hand , addition of both MC and CMC-hydrogels produced absorbed paper with water uptake till 773 and 600%, respectively.

A wastewater of paper industry was treated using two different hydrocyclones (48 mm, and 73 mm) followed by Electro-coagulation (EC) process as a second stage to enhance the treatment process. The effect of design and operating parameters on the separation efficiency was investigated. Separation efficiency of 77 % can be obtained for both hydrocyclones. The treatment process has a great potential to reduce the COD, BOD, TS, TSS, color and turbidity.

The results showed that all the evaluated supplementary diets were found to be accepted by the bees. Colonies fed on the supplementary diets mixed with different essential oils were found to have more individual bees, increased values of sealed brood area, more number of frames covered with bees and encouraged queens to lay more eggs than the controlled colonies. Diet [A] which has been mixed with mint oil proved to be better to be offered to bees during winter followed by diets [C], [B] and [D]. Feeding on diet [A] gave the highest means of sealed brood area (1348.0±13.93 inch2), number of eggs/queen/day (1195.64±12.35 eggs) and number of frames covered with bee (9.0±0.00 frames/hive) in winter season of 2019/ 2020. The fallen mites increased in November when the colonies fed on diet (A) & (B) recording high mean numbers of 176.0 & 201.0 mites (effectiveness= 80.11 & 80.33% ) (2019 season) and 201.0 & 161.0 mites (effectiveness= 87.06 & 83.85% ) (2020 season), respectively. Thyme oil impregnated papers was proved to be more effective during February of both seasons recording effectiveness of 77.84 and 83.95%, followed by mint oil (75.16 and 81.37%, respectively), while mustard oil impregnated papers was proved to be the least effective. Residues of the evaluated essential oils in honey were absent and that because these compounds quickly decreased due to their volatility, thus there cannot be any food safety risk for the consumer.

The Purpose of this study is to is to compare the effect of occlusal adjustment using T scan III and articulating paper on the vertical bone height changes around dental implants supporting lower single fixed detachable hybrid prosthesis Material and method: Fourteen male patients having completely edentulous mandibular arch and full dentate in the maxillary arch were selected from the outpatient clinic prosthodontics department faculty of dentistry Ain Shams University. All Patients were rehabilitated with six implants retaining mandibular fixed detachable prosthesis designed by CAD/CAM. According to the method of detection of occlusal errors and adjustment the patients were divided into two groups , Group I where T scan III device was used to detect occlusal errors and group II where articulating paper was used and occlusal adjustment were made according to the tool used. Radiographic evaluation using CBCT was done to evaluate the vertical bone loss around the supporting implant throughout the follow –up period. Results : There was increase in vertical bone loss in group I and II through-out the follow up period and on comparing the two groups there was a significant increase in the vertical bone height changes around the supporting implants in group I after one year from the follow up period Conclusion : Within the limitation of this study, it could be concluded that the use of t scan III device allow for better occlusal adjustment in case of implant supported lower single denture than articulating paper and resulting in less vertical bone loss

Data nowadays is the language of technologies as every process needs a data to be processed the input is data and the output also is data. Analyzing the data is a significant task especially with the increasing production of the data particularly data as a text, it would be difficult to manually analyze the data, extract information and detect the hidden patterns from unstructured text. Data mining is automated technique for gathering or deriving a new high-quality information and uncover the relations among the data. Text mining is one of main branches of the data mining however data mining is more comprehensive this paper, an overview for mining the publication papers via text mining techniques and their results and evaluation would be presented as following: the first approach is keywords extraction using natural language processing (NLP) approach, the second approach named entity recognition and the last approach is document clustering where machine learning techniques are applied to the both of them

The current study reported the thermal degradation behavior of three paper fibers; cotton,mechanical& sulfite wood pulp, exposed to dry-heat ageing ate150 °C,130 °C and 105 °C forone month. The structural changes of fibers were evaluated by SEM, infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) study and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). SEM data show that the chemical pulp is moreresistant to heat ageing than the cotton and mechanical pulp in the early stages Dramaticchanges in functional groups on the paper surface, as monitored by infrared spectroscopy,occurred in the samples before and after ageing. The FTIR results indicated that anelimination of the band at “amorphous & crystalline” regions under thermal ageing wasoccurred.

Integrated treatment for recycling of industrial wastewater has become an urgent necessity at the present time. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in combination with solar energy become urgently needed not only to compensate water shortage but also to preserve the recent water resources from pollution. In this work where the waste-paper was collected to be recycled; an integrated system has been applied for wastewater treatment to reuse in process, while the rest is being comply with the regulatory standards to be discharged from the paper factory. Treatment including a lot of coagulants such as alum, ferric chloride, lime and cationic polymer these coagulant used separate or combined .The removal efficiencies of Chemical Oxygen demand (COD) were 84%, 83.5%, 75% and 79.4%, respectively. Consequently Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal efficiencies were 99.5%, 99.6%, 97.5% and 98.9%. All treated industrial wastewater can be recycled to fulfill the phenomenon of ZLD. On the other hand, the negative impact of produced chemical sludge was diminished via non-conventional technique as a clean post treatment, where an effective design of a solar dryer was used to obtain dry sludge cake and to collect a highly purified water to be recycled in industrial process. Solar energy showed good potential in drying the sludge paper with competitive cost and clean environment. It is found that each square meter of drying surface area can dry 9 kg of wetted sludge paper per day. The presented trapezoidal shape solar dryer can dry daily up to 540 kg of wetted sludge paper. Based on the required sludge paper water demand, a large scale solar dryer can be sized accordingly.

The image in general and the press image in particular has become an important visual and semantic attraction factor, but the press image has become one of the most important means of promoting the editorial material that accompanies it, and it reflects its content and essence in contrast to the emotional effects the image carries on the recipient who can form his psychological trends after reading the image accompanying the material One of the reasons for this study presented by researchers was the interest in studying the use of the press image in dealing with environmental issues, as they discovered the absence of employing the press image in dealing with environmental issues. Rather, previous studies did not address very little to that press situation despite the press image A major role in serving the rest of the press issues. The researchers used the sample survey approach for both the analytical and field sides, in addition to using the quasi-experimental approach, in contrast to the use of research tools that benefit from the current study, including a content analysis form (form and content) to conduct a study to determine the role of the press image in addressing environmental issues, where the sample was chosen from The study newspapers for 366 issues from all the newspapers (Akhbar Al-Youm + Al-Akhbar), Al-Wafd, and Al-Watan for the year 2016 starting from January 1, 2016 and ending on December 31, 2016, in addition to designing an environmental trends scale and after ensuring its validity and reliability, it was applied to 35 newspaper readers as it ended Research with a number of results, the most important of which are: Most newspapers neglected to highlight environmental issues on the top of their pages, and the study revealed the existence of significant differences due to the variation in editorial policy interests by including the press image with the news and published topics, and the study newspapers' interests, as well as the editorial policy, came to include environmental images with environmental issues and topics. Very weak, and below the required level, and the ranking of environmental images ranked eighth among the published press issues and topics, which indicates that To me there is a lack of interest in the environmental image in dealing with environmental issues. The research ended with a number of results, the most important of which are: that the majority of newspapers neglected to highlight environmental issues on the top of their pages. The study also revealed that there are significant differences due to the variation in editorial policy interests by including the press image with the news and published topics. Environmental issues are very weak and substandardThe results of the application of thescale also proved that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post application of the scale of environmental trends in favor of the post application, and there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the control group and the experimental group in the post application of the scale of environmental trends in favor of the group The research ended with,With the necessity that the editorial policies of the paper newspapers include a greater amount of presenting environmental issues and problems related to the environment on the front pages of the paper newspapers with the holding of special training courses for the editors of environmental affairs and bringing in environmental experts in this field to develop the environmental awareness of those responsible for environmental affairs in the newspapers recommendations, including an interest in including environmental issues published in paper newspapers, an environmental picture that reflects the environmental event.

Dealing with huge amounts of information in traditional ways has become difficult in a particular place, even if the complexity and overlapping of interests between the different institutions between them, as well as between these institutions and the members of the community that they serve, has necessitated dealing with more than one customer at the same time and with the same documents sometimes and this is not provided by the work environment Paper, the dealing in the paper environment does not exceed two at one time as it is prone to loss or damage, and from here emerged to us another different environment which is the digital environment for dealing with official records and files and archiving them electronically to achieve more effectiveness in dealing with them. This research aims to shed light on the importance of the digital transformation in institutional work, the procedures followed and the various stages of completing the transformation process from paper to digital.

Gamification is a marketing tool which has been deeply influential in recent years after catching the attention of marketers. Where, gamification creates a great value for businesses since it encourages the customer through entertainment and intelligent marketing messages (Yang et al., 2017). This study aims to develop a theoretical framework that focuses on investigating the effect of the direct relationship between gamification (as independent variable) and customer experience dimensions in terms of core experience (cognitive, affective, behavioral experience), sensory and relational experience (as dependent variable) in the context of e-banking in Washington DC, United states of America.

The influence of gamification on website features is very unclear in the case of e-banking. Therefore, this research aims to develop a theoretical framework that focuses on investigating the effect of gamification (as independent variable) on website features (as a dependent variable)that include ease-of-use, webpage characteristics, website information and website design in the context of e-banking in Washington DC, United states of America.