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This contribution proposes to analyse the conflict that resulted from the events of 7 October 2023, involving the State of Israel, Palestine and other Middle Eastern states. Offering various bibliographical insights, reflections are made on the nature of these attacks by outlining the historical and legal context of the State of Israel, analysing its legitimacy, past wars and current threats. It also delves into the concept of 'genocide' as applied to the situation in Gaza and, conversely, into the emerging global anti-Semitism fuelled by an anti-Israel narrative shared by many Western countries. It finally highlights the need to address the risk of discrimination against Jews - motivated not religiously or racially, as in the past, but on the basis of 'humanitarian' and 'inclusive' principles. Denouncing this dangerous regression is an important task for anyone who rejects racism and has not forgotten the lesson of the Shoah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jewish thought has historically developed mainly in the form of hermeneutic discussions of sacred texts. This characteristic, which has led to considerable attention, even theoretical, for the theme of interpretation, has also been maintained in Jewish philosophy of the twentieth century. We can distinguish a layer which continues the tradition of biblical and Talmudic commentary, another which discusses the change of this tradition in the face of Western modernity, a third which attempts to ‘translate’ Jewish thought into ‘Greek’, i.e. philosophical forms. Important attention is also given to the theme of translation, which always implies interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the eve of the seventy-ninth anniversary of the Soviet conquest of the Auschwitz death camp, on which, in many countries including Italy, Shoah Remembrance Day is celebrated, the author reflects on the limitations, misunderstandings and trivializations of this anniversary. The Shoah, a transformative tragic event in human history, risks being remembered in an abstract and trivialized way. The article also highlights the existence in the human soul of an "absolute evil," a fierce barbarism, which from the past perpetues in the present as evidenced by the tragic events in the Gaza Strip, which carry with them a spark of the same destructive fire of the Shoah, a fragment of the same absolute evil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]