Search

The article deals with the issues related to the crisis of traditional Muslim education in the Kazakh steppe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and attempts to modernize it by the Russian authorities and Muslim intellectuals, which resulted the opening of Russian-Kazakh and new method schools. On the basis of archival documents, studies and testimonies of direct participants in the processes under study, as well as authors of later periods, the features of reforming the education system in the Kazakh steppe have been studied. When considering processes and phenomena, the literature of various historical periods was used, which contributes, both to the utmost detail of the processes and phenomena under consideration, and to the abstraction and generalization required in certain cases, using the advantages of a certain chronological remoteness. The paper considers the school programs of both new educational institutions and old ones (mektebs and madrasas), attention is paid to the peculiarities of each type of school and the processes of modernization, adaptation to the situation on the ground. The issues under study are considered in the context of the processes of modernization within the Russian Empire itself, the development of the newly attached territories of the Kazakh steppe and their further integration into the all-Russian agenda, significant socio-economic transformations in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an analysis of modern Kazakhstani discourse, which is considered as a constructed text. Statistical data on media preferences confirm author's conclusions on the characteristic features of Kazakhstani mass consciousness, including those expressed in the medial space. In this paper, we analyze the psychological, semiotic, sociological, culturological and psycholinguistic approaches to the phenomena of the medial sphere. Within the framework of the critical discourse analysis theory, the article outlines the rhetorical strategies of social cognition and perception, expressed in mass consciousness. We also make an attempt to compare the newest cognitive studies of the language in American practice with the leading European discourse studies. On the basis of the selected correlation of cognitive theory and the theory of medial analysis, the author develops a model of analysis for conceptual space of the media discourse. The thesis of Sovietization of Kazakhstani medial space is confirmed by the analysis of samples of mass culture and rhetorical features of Kazakhstani discourse. In the work we present exclusive psycholinguistic data – associative fields to the ideological concepts of linguistic consciousness, which have a predictive nature for interdisciplinary research. The article reveals the trends and examples of official and mass discourse – the ideological "products" of our time: from the surviving Soviet cliches to the newly created national identity. The revealed features of the Kazakhstani media discourse have specific character of the manifestation of post – Soviet culture. It shows that, the return to traditional attitudes was reflected in the rhetorical strategies of communication, and is revealed by the authors of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the history of studying the problem of Kazakh women's equality in the framework of changes in society during the formation of Soviet Kazakhstan. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the study of the transformation of the status of women in the Soviet period allows us to assess the situation in modern Kazakhstan, determine strategies and tactics aimed at implementing the gender policy determined by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The policy of the Soviet Union led to a change in the position and status of women in Kazakhstan, as well as the institution of marriage and family, which subsequently affected the emergence of the problem of the loss of traditional family values. In the course of the analysis of the studies, it was found that when studying the living conditions of the Kazakh people, as a result of Soviet policy, scientists left out sighting the problem of the work of Kazakh women. As a result of the conclusions obtained, the history of the study of the acute women's issue, which began to rise in society after the October Revolution, was divided into several stages and a comparative analysis was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with Russian medicine in the Kazakh steppe in the context of the interaction of traditions and cultures. It attempts to more fully reveal the role of Russian medicine in the development of new territories in the 19th century. In particular, in addition to the actual medical practices introduced among the nomadic Kazakh population and the administrative measures of medical control, attention is also paid to the “accompanying” functions of Russian doctors, as ethnographers, collecting the most detailed information about the new territories of the empire and their inhabitants. Accordingly, their medical practice is considered in the context of a dialogue of cultures and the development of newly annexed lands. In addition to highlighting the main stages of Russian medicine’s penetration into the Kazakh steppe, the work attempts to trace changes in cultural narratives, highlighting their main features: the romanticization of the nomadic population due to their proximity to nature, the formation of Russian orientalism and, over time – from the middle of the 19th century – increasing attention to the intellectual and moral abilities of the nomadic population, which distinguished them from all neighboring peoples and which were considered by the Russian administration and doctors in the formation of cultural policy in the newly annexed lands. The mention of such abilities from the middle of the 19th century occurs in the narratives of Russian doctors already in a more functional context, with the inclusion of local culture in the general socio-cultural space and its corresponding transformation and cultural transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watercraft such as rafts and boats were required to convey goods and people across the major rivers and lakes of Central Asia and vast Kazakh steppes. There was made “mes sal” using the skins of wholly slaughtered bulls, horses and camels. The skin of the cattle was blown and fastened tightly, several blown meses were tied together and a wooden platform was placed on its top. Four, six or eight blown skins of livestock were used to make one “mes sal”. The mes made of camel-skin was described in the memoirs of the X century traveler – Ibn Fadlan. There were reports that mes sal was used in Kazakhstan until the beginning of the XX century. In the beginning of the XVIII century, a simple swimming tool “raft” was used, which was made of logs, a bundle of reeds and willow branches. That is because in the second half of the ХІХ century, the Kazakhs living near the Syrdarya River compacted the reeds to each other growing along the river, tied and combined with long, then a series of reed bundles was assembled horizontally and made temporary raft to cross the river. It was mainly used in rivers with frequent channel changes, as the rafts could not withstand the current. The boat was one of the most widely used watercraft utilized in various sectors of the household for transporting people and goods, fishing. There were more than twenty types of boats in Kazakhstan, depending on the structure, size and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subject librarianship (SL) has long been practiced in academic libraries. But, with the transformation brought about by socio-cultural and technological factors, the roles have evolved. This article discussed the traditional role of Kazakh subject librarians, their current practices, and personal strategies in delivering services including information literacy in academic libraries. In Kazakhstan, subject librarians provide information literacy sessions and workshops dedicated for specific classes. A quantitative research method was adopted for this study using an online questionnaire for data gathering. It utilized purposive sampling to identify the competencies and performing tasks of subject librarians. It also analyzed how subject specialists promote their programs and relationship building strategies and investigates the differences and similarities with the available Western interpretations of subject librarianship. A total of 57 Kazakh university libraries and 80 librarians responded to the survey questions. Results of the research provides guidance for the implementation of subject librarianship practices of academic libraries in the region. To better serve their communities, subject librarians shall develop an excellent relationship, shared commitment, offer quality assistance, open communication, and always instils professionalism. Ultimately, the study reflects on the uniqueness of subject librarianship in Kazakhstan as well as its similarity in the practice of subject librarianship globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stage of gaining the cultural heritage of the steppe civilization was the study of archaeological sites in Kazakhstan by scientists of the Russian Empire. Important for national historiographies of the postimperial space is the placement of specific personalities in the pantheon of historical memory. Of lasting importance in the study of medieval history and archeology of the South-Southeast Kazakhstan was the trip to this region of V.V. Bartold in 1893−1894. Based on numerous written sources the researcher gave the localization of cities, identifying them with specific monitored sites. He noted the ancient origins of urban culture in the area of the city of Almaty. This work is adjoined by the proximity of the topic "Essay on the history of the Seven Rivers", which retains its scientific significance, remaining the most complete and systematic review of the political history of the Seven Rivers from ancient times to the late Middle Ages. His fundamental research became the basis of numerous subsequent studies in the field of studying the historical topography of cities, their localization, their role in the historical events of antiquity and the Middle Ages, the history of the emergence and development of the cities themselves in the light of Turkic-Sogdian interactions. The organization of the Turkestan circle of archeology lovers in Tashkent in 1895, uniting representatives of the local intelligentsia, military men, and officials interested in the past, its history, monuments of architecture and art, is associated with the name of V.V. Bartold. In addition, even now, in the 21st century, modern researchers, in their attempts to conceptually develop the scientific environment of archaeological science, rely on empirically fundamental foundations laid down by academician V.V. Bartold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]