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The article presents a study which examined the state of watermain infrastructure in Canada through the use of historic pipe break datasets from different utilities. Also cited are an analysis of technical literature on pipe break rates and pipe conditions in Canada and other countries, and the use of statistical analysis and physical modelling to examine the deterioration of watermains.

In this qualitative paper, a method for technical and operational hazard identification of a water treatment plant is described. Here, fault tree analysis is applied to a physicochemical ultrafiltration (UF) membrane train, with the objectives of developing a systematic approach for organizing and improving our understanding of the hazards at the treatment plant operational level that affect the risk of infection from the pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum. The approach was successful in identifying many technical and operational hazards. The fault tree shows that water treatment plant operation is a complex task where many factors must be taken into account. Regarding the removal of C. parvum oocysts, most initiating events relate to the filtration step in the UF system. In the future, quantification of the probability of fault events may help to prioritize interventions at the operational level. Cet article qualitatif décrit une méthode d’identification des risques techniques et opérationnels d’une usine de traitement des eaux. L’analyse par arbre des causes est utilisée pour un train de membranes d’ultrafiltration physicochimique avec, comme objectifs, le développement d’une approche systématique pour l’organisation et l’amélioration de notre compréhension des dangers au niveau opérationnel de l’usine de traitement qui affectent le risque d’infection par l’agent pathogène Cryptosporidium parvum. L’approche a réussi à identifier plusieurs dangers techniques et opérationnels. L’arbre des causes montre que le fonctionnement d’une usine de traitement des eaux est une tâche complexe dans laquelle il faut tenir compte de plusieurs facteurs. Quant à l’élimination des oocystes C. parvum, la plupart des événements déclencheurs ont trait à l’étape de filtration du système d’ultrafiltration. À l’avenir, la quantification de la probabilité des causes pourrait aider à déterminer la priorité des interventions opérationnelles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drinking water filtration systems should be as robust as possible to consistently provide finished water of high quality to protect public health. The quantification of robustness makes it possible to evaluate the status of a given system. This paper introduces a newly developed turbidity robustness index, which differentially weights average performance and deviations from average. A second new robustness evaluation method - the probability method - was also developed. This method provides the basis to implement almost real-time online monitoring of filtration robustness as the filter cycle develops. This may be particularly useful in smaller systems, which usually have less direct operator oversight. Both of the newly developed robustness approaches were applied to assess filtration turbidity performance at selected full-scale water treatment plants. Les systèmes de filtration d’eau potable devraient être aussi robustes que possible afin de fournir constamment de l’eau prête au débit de haute qualité dans le but de protéger la santé du public. La quantification de la robustesse rend possible l’évaluation de l’état d’un système donné. Le présent article introduit un indice de robustesse développé récemment qui pondère de manière différentielle le rendement moyen et les déviations de la moyenne. Une deuxième méthode d’évaluation de la robustesse - la méthode probabiliste - a également été développée. Cette dernière méthode fournit la base pour implanter un suivi en temps quasi réel en ligne de la robustesse de filtration lors du développement du cycle de filtration. Cela peut être particulièrement utile pour les systèmes plus petits que les opérateurs surveillent moins directement. Les deux nouvelles approches de la robustesse ont été appliquées à l’évaluation du rendement de la filtration de la turbidité dans des usines sélectionnées de traitement des eaux pleine échelle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)