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The article explores the manner in which the Soviet Union is getting high-technology secrets from the U.S. and its allies. The ban on virtually all high-technology exports has failed to prevent the transfer of high-technology secrets to the Soviet Union as the Soviets are making more illicit deals and taking advantage of the legal loopholes abroad. The administration of President Ronald Reagan is being called to prevent the flow of semiconductor and computer technology.

This article focuses on the decision by U.S. President Jimmy Carter not to impose financial sanction against Soviet Union's satellite countries in Eastern Europe. Carter is still weighing in financial reprisal on the Soviet Union for invading Afghanistan. Carter wants to wean the Communist countries of Eastern Europe away from the Soviet Union and hence he intends to continue to provide credit to these countries.

This article discusses the cost of U.S. President Jimmy Carter's decision to impose a trade embargo on the Soviet Union for its invasion of Afghanistan. The decision by Carter will cost the nation 3 billion dollars in lost revenues with the agriculture sector to be the most affected. But a greater concern among businesspeople is the long-term implications of the decision which they believe could push the U.S. to a government-controlled marketing system similar with those in Canada and Australia.

The article predicts a decline in the U.S.-Soviet relations despite the optimism brought by the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II) in 1979. SALT is expected to encounter debate prior to its Senate confirmation. The local struggles of key U.S. interests for power are said to be aggravating the troubled Soviet-American relations. Another issue that may exacerbate the current relations is the connection of the West with communist China.

The article reports on the status of the foreign economic relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in 1976. The optimism about the international trade between the two countries has vanished after many American businessmen failed in their dealings with the Soviet Union although companies have succeeded in their trade with the Soviet Union in the fields of high technology and natural resources. Moreover, a meeting between businessmen from the two countries will be held in Moscow.

The article focuses on the rise in the number of U.S. businesses entering in the Soviet Union. It mentions about the increasing interest of U.S. business enterprises to expand their business operations in the Soviet and informs about the opening of the new commercial section of the U.S. Embassy in Soviet Union. It also reflects upon the problems that might be faced by American businessmen in living in Russia.

The article discusses the outlook on U.S. international relations as of January 24, 1953. U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower's inaugural address is seen as a challenge to the world and a warning to the Russians, calling on the American people to make sacrifices to win the fight against communism. The British have uncovered a plot between neo-Nazis and Soviet espionage. In the Middle East, the U.S. administration is looking to support General Mohammed Naguib of Egypt, believing that his hold on the country is weakening with the discovery of a conspiracy.

The article discusses the outlook for government policies and international relations as of August 1952. A meeting to be held by the Communist Party congress in Moscow, Russia on October 5 is said to raise some questions such as whether the country is planning for an early war or for a prolonged cold war. The U.S. Department of Defense aims to provide a budget of 50 billion dollars for the military in 1954. U.S. trade negotiations with Venezuela will focus on new oil exploration.

The article informs about the launch of Voskhod I, three-man spaceship by Russians which was praised and doubted by all for its success. It states that Voskhod I was comfortable and throughout the flight, spaceship's cabin was held within prescribed temperature, humidity and pressure limits. Dmitri Biryukov, director of U.S. S. R. Academy of Sciences, state that Voskhod is a proof of continued Soviet dominance in manned space travel. It mentions how U.S. Department of Defense stays mute to this.

The article offers information on the agreement between the U.S. and Soviet Union science leaders on the issue of the exchange of daily weather data obtained from meteorological satellites. It states that the agreement that took place in Geneva, calls for each country to place its own meteorological satellites in orbit and take charge of its own tracking and data systems.

The article focuses on the move taken by the U.S., Great Britain and Russia to keep their uranium-enriched production facilities running and avoid shut down through enriched uranium production for non-military purposes. It says that the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) considers to cutback weapon-grade fissionable material production. It states that British AEC will sign a contract to supply enriched uranium to Japan Atomic Power Co.

The article looks at the efforts of the U.S. under President John F. Kennedy to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union on a test ban treaty. It mentions that Kennedy has announced high level talks to advance test ban negotiations and assured that the U.S. will cease nuclear tests if other countries would do so. It also notes that despite Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's reluctance, the U.S. believes that the talks may still open the way for a compromise on the number on-site inspections.

The article reports that death of the U.S. nuclear submarine Thresher has called for attention on these submarines in the country. Thresher was lost during a test dive suspected to be due to major leak in a patch at east of Boston, Massachusetts in April 1963. It states that Soviet Union has more than four hundred submarines including nuclear powered and this has led the U.S. to develop more submarines. It mentions that the U.S. Navy has only seventeen nuclear powered submarines.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including one regarding the accomplishments of Russia to catch up with U.S. in the October 28, 1961 issue, one on the comparison between U.S. and Russian, and one on price discrimination in the October 28, 1961 issue.

The article discusses speculations over the possible results of analyses by the U.S. of the nuclear tests being conducted by the Soviet Union in 1961. The progress of the tests is being monitored by a monitoring network that includes U-2 aircraft taking high-altitude air samplings and radar and seismic stations. Initial conclusions by scientist about the pattern of the first nine tests conducted by Russia between September 1 and 13 indicate that Soviet scientists have identified for study specific areas of bomb research and development.

The article discusses the economic implications of the U.S. military mobilization program against the Soviet Union bloc. It says that the immediate effects include tax reform and reduction postponement, increased federal economic intervention, and threats to balance of payments. It mentions the address of U.S. President Kennedy in which he says that additional taxation programs and economic controls may not be asked prematurely. It predicts a budget deficit which could reach six billion dollars.

The article examines the competition between Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union, and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in swinging world opinion to their respective sides in relation to the cold war at the United Nations (UN) in September 1960. Washington experts assert that Khrushchev's efforts are aimed at winning allies in the non-Communist world, determined to a large extent by his competition with Chairman Mao Zedong of the Communist Party of China for leadership of the Communist World.

The article discusses the details of Russia's capacity to purchase and to pay for its purchases from the U.S. market. It also mentions the Soviet's strength in production which include coal, oil and pig iron and its under-developed production in other products such as in automobiles, shoes and telephones. The author notes the reservation of Russia to hold big sales campaign of their products in the U.S. unless their products will be allowed to enter without restriction.

The article clarifies rumors about the uncertainties with the Russian-American trade. The cited reasons for decline in Soviet orders to the U.S. are the declaration of Moscow that its business will go where credit is most generous and the refusal of American executives to grant much more than 12 months credit. Figires also shows the increase in Russian orders in London, England. The Russian authority attributed the Russian wheat purchases on foreign markets to Russia's need to cover certain contracts for preference grades.

The article focuses on the economic impact, particularly on Latin America, of France's defeat on war to Germany. It says that a group of Danish trade delegates arrived in Moscow, Soviet Union and bargained for Russian grains for the dairy and poultry business of Denmark, while Great Britain took over all of French war orders. Meanwhile, U.S. Admiral Harold R. Stark convinced the U.S. Naval Affairs Committee of the House to approve a 4,000,000,000-dollar naval expansion program.

The article discusses the moral trade embargo and rubber and tin acquisition protests against Soviet Union's Amtorg Trading Corp. which affect U.S.-Russia trade. It says that the Soviet Union is regarded as one of the major customers of the U.S. It tells that the moral embargo covered the export of aluminum, molybdenum, and equipment to Russia and Japan. It mentions that Washington defense authorities complain that substantial Russian procurement of rubber and tin poses shortage of supply.

The article cites the reasons why Russian operations have recently been delayed including the increase in orders according to the Soviet-American trade pact and the meticulous inspectors checking the equipment. It mentions that the Five-Year Plan in Russia is undergoing drastic revisions that there is a need for retooling according to the design changes. It also notes the terms of payment and the Soviet-American trade agreement.

The article discusses the situation in personal business. It points out that the new Soviet-American relations fostered a friendlier and relaxed travel to the East with much of the traditional red tape in satellite countries gone. American businessmen are advised to be punctual on their appointments, dress conservatively and bring plenty of business cards. It offers a rundown of official and free-market exchange rates in some Eastern European currencies. Homeowners discovered that their basic insurance policy does not protect them from flood loss.

The article reports on the grain trade between the U.S. and Soviet Union under which New York based Continental Grain Co. and Minnesota based Cargill Inc. will export 129 million bushels of corn, barley and oats to Soviet Union.

The article offers views on U.S. trade with Russia. According to the author, there is no evidence that the five-year plan of forced industrial and agricultural development in Russia is not being implemented on schedule in its main features. The author claims the five-year plan hinges on security machinery, technical aid and supplies from other countries. The author adds that the Soviet is unlikely to put the plan's success at risk by defaulting on credits. The standard of living of the Russian worker is also explored.

The article looks at the performance of the 85th U.S. Congress and examines its working relationship with the administration of President Dwight Eisenhower. The 85th Congress faced several challenging issues, such as the loss of U.S. scientific stature due to Russia's successful Sputnik I program and the coup against the pro-U.S. government in Iraq. The Democrat-controlled Congress also had a positive relationship with Republicans who controlled the White House.

The article presents information on Soviet Union Premier Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev's request for U.S. government aid to purchase industrial machinery. Khrushchev wants to expand U.S.-Soviet trade and has presented a list of raw materials that the Soviet Union would be willing to trade. According to U.S. officials, the U.S. government should agree with Khrushchev's proposal.

The article reports that Andrei A. Gromyko, foreign minister of Russia, has announced a suspension of Soviet nuclear tests. As mentioned, this move of Soviet will force the U.S. to draft new arms-control proposals for submission to the United Nations. As stated, the decision of Soviet is essentially a political thrust at the U.S. and is an effort to split the U.S. and its European allies as the time for a summit conference approaches.

The article discusses the propaganda magazines "America Illustrated" published by the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) for Russian cities and "USSR" issued by the Soviet government for American readers. It notes that the U.S. State Department suggested Hemisphere Press as printer of "USSR" and American News Co. as its distributor. Meanwhile, USIA noted that the price of "America Illustrated" at 1.25 dollars per copy conforms to the rate of periodicals in Russia with similar size and quality.

The article reports that the United Nations, through its Economic and Social Council (Ecosoc), has regained its importance to the U.S. as a way to counteract the plan of the Soviet Union to concentrate on political and economic penetration of developing countries. Ecosoc has 18 members and controls various specialized agencies, including the World Health Organization, the International Bank and the Food and Agricultural Organization.

The article discusses business and political developments from around the world as of May 1955. The U.S., West Germany, Great Britain, and France agreed to reject the Soviet Union's proposal to apply Austrian neutrality to Germany. Analysts believe that France's failure to resolve the crisis in North Africa might result in the ouster of French Prime Minister Edgar Faure. Groups of British companies comprising manufacturers of generating plants, turbines, and boilers are proposing to build nuclear power plants in areas without water, coal, or oil sources.

The article focuses on the impact of war-related issues on the financial services industry in the U.S. It claims that the previous positive speculations of several investors on the financial performance of the bull market have shifted into negativism due to the conflicts in Soviet Union and the early stages of evacuation on Tachen Islands in China. It further stresses that the speculations have worried a large segment of the market dreading a more tightened credit conditions in the country.

The article presents the international outlook for the week ending February 22, 1947. The conference to be held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in March 1947 is turning into a contest of strength between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. It has been admitted by both the countries, the U.S. and Canada, that they are having an active program of exploration and development in Canada's sub-polar areas and in Alaska.

The article offers the view of U.S. to the victory of Soviet Union against Germany. It mentions that Russians have recovered half of their territorial losses based from prewar boundaries. It notes that the magnitude of their offense is difficult to judge and have gained geographically the equivalent of several American states including New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania. However, large number of casualties are claimed to be 2,000,000 wherein half million are dead.

The article deals with the efforts of Russian governments to send officials to the U.S. to study and attend a conference on economic management in 1971. The Russians also attempt to apply the U.S. computerized information systems and simulation methods in economic planning agencies. Industrial enterprises in Russia are currently faced with shortage of computers. Some ideologues expressed concerns on the possible weakening of the Marxist-Leninist theory and the Communist party itself as a result of the adoption of Western management ideas.

The article reports on various developments regarding the competition of nuclear innovations by the U.S. and the Soviet Union in 1970. It highlights the launch of underground nuclear test by the Soviet government in the said year. Furthermore, the country prepared a new set of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) firings in the Pacific Region. Meanwhile, the U.S. commenced a new type of spy satellite with the code names Project 647 and Comet Guard to detect enemy missile attacks.

The article reports on the tacit political agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union regarding the intention to limit the production of nuclear arms. It states that the two countries have kept piling up nuclear weapons to make sure they had enough destructive power to prevent an attack by the other. Moreover, both U.S. and Soviet Union announced the historic effort in connection with the signing of a worldwide treaty to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.

The article reports on the intensification of fighting in Vietnam as the Communists boosted pressures near the demilitarized zone in April 1967. Three regular North Vietnamese divisions were deployed north of the so-called demilitarized zone, which prompted the deployment of roughly 7,500 U.S. Army troops near the area. An accord is believed to have been reached by the Soviet Union and China to accelerate war supplies across North Vietnam across China.

The article focuses on the lack of support for the 11 billion U.S. dollar Yamal pipeline project that was originally thought to supply Western Europe with large amounts of Soviet natural gas. The factors which contributed to the lack of support for the project include the growing tension between the East and West over Poland and French pre-election politicking. The project was also opposed by the U.S. as it will result in the dependence of Western Europe on the Soviet Union for energy.

The article comments on the meetings between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for arms control. U.S. President Ronald Reagan signed a Strategic Defense Initiative at a meeting with Soviet Union General Secretary Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev, held at Reykjavid, Iceland. It is mentioned that the meeting was not successful. It is suggested that both the nations should recognize that offensive weapons and defensive systems cannot be traded off against one another.

The article presents an opinion on U.S. armed forces appropriations under President Ronald Reagan. The president claimed that his administration's military buildup resulted in the ability to negotiate arms control with the Soviet Union. The U.S. achieved no defense buildup in terms of weapons deployed or dollars budgeted when compared to the Soviet Union.

The article reports on the plan of the Soviet Union to increase their freight rates to be in line with their competitors in the U.S. Federal Marine Commission Chariman Karle E. Bakke comments that apart from the motive to join various freight rate conferences, the increase is also an effort to expand their share of the ocean trade. The author also explains that the expansion is backed by a shipping agreement which allowed the Soviets to operate four shipping companies serving the U.S.

The article offers world news briefs. It reports on U.S.-U.S.S.R. Marine Resources Inc., a joint venture between a Soviet Union and a U.S. company regarding, processing, marketing and studying fish resources. It reports on Japanese exporters who fear the earthquakes in northeast China will further hamper their declining exports. It reports on German carmaker Volkswagen AG which seemingly will have to pay more money to recruit a U.S. executive to run its manufacturing operations in Pennsylvania.

In this article the authors discuss the influence of the U.S. Congress on foreign policy. They state that the Congress brings down the ability of the country in pursuing foreign policy and hinders national security. They note that Congress' intrusion on the Russian and Cuban intervention leads to the rise of the U.S.-Soviet Union confrontation such as in discussing nuclear arms control in Angola. They add that joint committee formation in the Congress can help in dealing with foreign policy.

The article focuses on the decline in the trade relations between the U.S. and Soviet Union due to the refusal of the U.S. Congress to approve the Russian tariff concessions and easy credit. It says that the trade between the nations gets small as shown by the decrease of the U.S. exports to Russia from 1.4-billion dollars in 1973 to 600-million dollars in 1974. However, the trade relations of the nations will not totally dry up because Russians want some products and technologies from the U.S.

The article reports on the U.S. Defense Department's detonation of a hydrogen bomb under the Aleutian island of Amchitka in November 1965. The goal was to see if seismographic techniques could differentiate between a natural earthquake and a man-made blast. The key listening post was a seismographic station near Billings, Montana, built for the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency. The deadlock between the U.S. and Russia over the extension of the 1963 Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to include underground tests is discussed.

The article reports on the interest of the Russian government to participate in the U.S. commercial communications satellite system (COMSAT) in 1964.

This section offers news briefs related to research. It is reported that the Soviet Academy of Sciences will undergo a major reorganization, a second in two years, aimed at recentralizing all basic research in the physical and social sciences. The U.S. Public Health Service will test drinking water in 3,000 communities to check for sodium content. The initial success of the first liver transplant have encouraged doctors who performed it at the University of Colorado Medical School.

The article reflects that a nuclear standoff is looming between the U.S. and the Soviet Union as a result of their new defense strategies. U.S. Defense Secretary McNamara has confirmed that Russians are building underground intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) sites and also arm their submarines with nuclear missiles to match the U.S. Minuteman and the Polaris forces. McNamara said that the U.S. and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries might need to invoke nuclear weapons in containing an all-out Soviet attack in Great Britain.

The article examines the trade agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union under which the latter is expected to spend 30 million dollars on American goods for the coming year, an amount that is said to be not a great purchase as the latter has already spent nearly half of that amount in July 1935.