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ID cards, public transport tickets, and diplomas are examples of credentials that society has established as a means to provide trustworthy information to others. In the digital world, the emergence of self-sovereign identity as a new paradigm for the management of digital credentials aims to narrow the conceptual gap between digital and physical credentials. The ongoing digital transformation in the public sector requires dealing with a large variety of credentials in different forms systematically. However, there is still currently no generic conceptual model of credentials in the Information Systems (IS) discipline. We employ design science research to develop a unified meta-model on credentials, their use, and their governance. Our results contribute to research through an empirically grounded conceptualization of credentials and provide practitioners with a common basis to capture, analyze, and design the handling of credentials in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In scientific social networks, group information has become an important auxiliary information to enhance the performance of paper recommendation, as many researchers prefer to obtain interested papers by joining groups. However, the existing paper recommendation methods failed to make full use of group information. In this paper, a paper recommendation method considering group information with multi-graph attention fusion network (GI-MGAF) is proposed. Specifically, in the graph construction layer, we construct researcher-paper bipartite graph, group-researcher bipartite graph and group-paper bipartite graph. In the information propagation layer, graph attention networks (GAT) are used to learn the node representations on the constructed bipartite graphs. In the information fusion layer, the researcher-level attention and paper-level attention are developed to respectively fuse the representations of researchers and papers. Experiments were conducted on the real world CiteULike dataset and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GI-MGAF method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As digital platforms have become the locus of competition and innovation in the digital economy, it is imperative to understand consumer decisions on adoption and usage. Digital platforms have unique traits, as they are extensible and often mediate between users. These traits may require understandings to move beyond generic (post-)adoption theories. This paper reviews the rapidly growing body of empirical consumer studies on digital platforms in order to identify emerging trends in this field. After a structured literature review, we conduct a network analysis using the hypotheses that are supported in the papers. We find a wide variety of over 130 concepts is considered. Factors from generic (post-) adoption theories are often studied, alongside factors related to the concept of network effects. We find differences between the importance of direct, indirect, local and global network effects. We find that studies pay relatively little attention to characteristics that arise from the extensibility of digital platforms, such as openness, control, security and privacy. We posit that IS researchers have the important task of opening up this black box of digital platform characteristics and theorize how notions of extensibility and generativity affect consumer decisions, going beyond mainstream theories on adoption and continuance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews and assesses the state of blockchain research and conceptualises blockchain uses as socio-technical phenomena. The first blockchain use case emerged with the release of Bitcoin in 2008. Since then, blockchain use has proliferated in various other areas and encompassed an array of applications, such as tokens (cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens), decentralised autonomous organisations and smart contracts. The paper presents a structured literature review of 113 research papers in information systems and related fields (e.g., organization studies, management and humancomputer interaction) that commonly study socio-technical phenomena and organisational uses of technology. Conceptualising blockchain uses as socio-technical phenomena highlights the necessity to account for business models, social implications and stakeholders' values regarding blockchains beyond the blockchain technology 'as such'. The review reveals that the existing literature has articulated substantial knowledge of some aspects of blockchain uses but lacks knowledge in other aspects. Therefore, we propose a research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversational agents (CAs), which communicate naturally with humans, are being developed and employed for a variety of tasks. Interactions between humans and CAs induce affect, which is vital to the adoption and performance of CAs. Yet, there is a lack of cumulative understanding of existing research on affect in human-CA interaction. Motivated thus, this article presents a systematic review of empirical IS and HCI studies on such affect, its antecedents and consequences. Besides conducting descriptive analysis of the studies, we also divide them into two broad categories - emotion-related, and those related to other (more persistent) affective responses. We present organizing frameworks for both categories, which complement each other. Through the review and frameworks, we contribute towards attaining a holistic understanding of extant research on human-CA interaction, identifying gaps in prior knowledge, and outlining future research directions. Last, we describe our plan for extending this work to gain additional insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online sex trafficking cases have been increasing every day. The field of Information Systems (IS) has not significantly explored research on online sex trafficking specifically to evaluate existing literature and provide future research directions. In this paper, we use Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) to review the literature on online sex trafficking. Our focus is on policies related to online sex trafficking. We then summarize our findings and suggest a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the supply-side smart city innovation stimuli and smart digital technology investments, extant smart city research is unclear about whether or not they produced better and smarter cities with realized benefits and values for the public. This paper drew on Moore's framework for creating public value as the theoretical lens to undertake qualitative meta-analysis of 30 most highly cited smart city case study papers. The meta-analysis results found an overall lack of public value focus and realized benefits of the smart city initiatives. The lack of public value focus is more evident in ten of the case study papers which did not mention city names. The paper identified key enablers and inhibitors of public value co-creation in the contemporary smart city ecosystems environments. It then outlined the future research agenda, including a theoretical extension to the Moore's framework by explicating two governance mechanisms underpinning the government's public value co-creation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital activism, political activism mediated by digital technologies, offers the promise of increased visibility and political power for marginalized groups. Yet, this has not been the case outside of a few exceptions such as Black Lives Matter. This paper offers theoretical, conceptual critical research that explores why successful digital activism may elude marginalized groups. We ask why many marginalized groups have been unable to harness the power of digital activism. We suggest that greater reliance on smartphones for internet access in marginalized groups may be at the heart of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating digital technologies offer companies a range of potentials for optimizing business processes, exploring new business models and collaborating along value chains to co-create value. However, this integration increases complexity, especially within SMEs that lack extensive resources to drive data transformation. GAIA-X offers potential solutions in form of federated services as a low-threshold way to participate in federated data ecosystems. Thus, in this paper we survey the current state of research on GAIA-X by means of a literature review extracting and collecting design knowledge as well as to prepare further implementation within the scope of our research project. Therefore, we build a concept matrix in which we differentiate the identified body of knowledge by three concepts with 18 characteristic expressions in total. Our analysis of the identified papers highlights architectural approaches for designing a GAIA-X compatible data ecosystem, augmented by additional factors to consider when designing these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to explore how Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) digital technologies are transforming the healthcare sector. Peer-reviewed, full-text research papers published between January 2016 and April 2021, which focused on data-driven healthcare, health data management systems, and the disruptive role of digital technologies in healthcare were retrieved from three electronic databases, namely PubMed Central, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and MEDLINE. Articles included in the SLR were identified and selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Three main themes were identified from 84 research papers included in the SLR, namely, (i) digital technologies driving the transformation of healthcare, (ii) the impact of digital transformation on healthcare, and (iii) areas of transformation in healthcare. The results showed that technological innovations can mitigate the impact of unequal distribution of healthcare services, reduce healthcare costs, improve the quality of care, and the quality of life for patients and healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of a cyberattack on an organisation is multifaceted, at the employee level, cyber threat is a sensitive issue which needs further understanding. Founded in psychology research, emotions affect protection motivation behaviours at the individual level in the context of cybersecurity. The majority of the research studies focus on how external factors affect employees' cybersecurity behaviours (e.g., risk understanding, rationality in cybersecurity policy decision-making, security regulations, compliance and ethical behaviour). However, studies lack a cross-disciplinary understanding of the cybersecurity impact on the individual's emotional state and its implications for the organisation. This paper aims to analyse existing studies and methodological approaches in order to help conceptualise the role of emotions in cybersecurity behaviour. Through the analysis of existing research studies and methodological approaches, we found that internal emotions, both positive and negative, play a significant role in shaping cybersecurity protection behaviour. Finally, future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As organizations become increasingly globalized, understanding the impact of national culture on the successful usage and adoption of emerging technologies is crucial. National culture influences the strategies of organizations, for instance how the employees successfully adopt and use emerging technologies. While the effect of national culture has been widely observed in information systems, it is still challenging to measure the influence of national culture on the usage and adoption of emerging technologies. To contribute to the existing body of knowledge, we conducted a structured literature review on how previous work measured national culture to provide a starting point for further theory development. For instance, our findings emphasize the need to measure culture at an individual level. Finally, we developed a research agenda to provide a starting point for developing theories to measure the influence of national culture on emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how to bridge the field of IS on sustainability with Sustainability Transitions Research (STR). Using a bibliometric analysis of 5 IS conference proceedings, it maps possibilities for such bridging, moving beyond the current approaches of GreenIT. Semantic content analysis of IS abstracts and keywords indicates themes characterizing GreenIT, focusing mostly on sustainability practice on the organizational level. In contrast, sustainability research (systems-level) is still uncharted territory for the IS community. Social network analysis of the authors and journals shows that collaboration and co-citation "within" the IS community are as low as the connection "without". We propose that more diffusion of IS theory and methods through Design Science may enrich current STR to be truly data-driven and theory-guided. First, the mapping suggests that IS theorizing can augment STR to be more generalizable for the digital era. Second, the thematic patterns suggest that Design Science methods and artifacts can augment the design of large-size STR studies bringing a more robust and data-driven theory-guided analysis of system innovation and transitions actor networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Digital Twins has gained attraction in research and practice in recent years. Digital Twins are virtual representations of physical objects and they can be connected with their physical counterparts. Through this connection, Digital Twins contribute to the convergence of the real and the virtual world. While existing literature reviews focus strongly on the manufacturing industry, this paper analyzes Digital Twin applications across industries. Based on a systematic literature review, this paper examines 87 Digital Twin applications and proposes a classification scheme with six dimensions to describe the applications identified. The concept of Digital Twins is currently still underrepresented in Information Systems research, which opens up further research opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IT-innovation triggers the transformation of society, working life and the behavior of people. Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation are buzzwords in this context. While existing publications discuss the benefits and consequences connected to the three terms, a proper conceptualization of them is still not available. A common understanding is that digitization and digitalization trigger digital phenomena which allow organizations to operationalize the process of digital transformation. Prior research identified some phenomena, like collaboration and sharing, but a structured analysis of the occurring phenomena is still missing. Embedding digital transformation and the phenomena into the context of socio-technical systems, we conduct a structured literature review to suggest theoretically and practically relevant definitions for the aforementioned terms and create an overview of relevant phenomena. We show that digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation are often used without selective distinctions, even though that it is not appropriate as each term has to take into account different concepts. Furthermore, we identify seven relevant phenomena: collaboration, sharing, communication, connectivity, flexibility, mobility, and co-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile payment is the activity in which a monetary transaction is made through a mobile device, it has been experiencing impressive growth in recent years. It is not only a means of payment, but also a way to increase consumers' willingness to pay. Mobile payment generates positive business outcomes including higher revenues and increased hiring. Although mobile payment is strategically important for merchants to achieve their financial goals, very few researches systematically studied merchants' adoption of mobile payment. The missing knowledge makes it hard to understand what influence merchants' decision on the adoption of mobile payment. This study extracted 172 mobile payment related papers from three reputable databases, 32 of them were included in this study as they focus on organizations. A systematic analysis on those included papers identified the factors that impact merchants' adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations use digital strategy to take advantages of their existing strengths and capabilities. Digital strategy has a wide range of scope and operate in a highly dynamic context in which the organization operates. There is increasing attention to digital strategy in academic research while questions surrounding digital strategy arise, such as issues related to differences between digital strategy and information technology (IT)/information systems (IS) strategy or aspects of digital strategy. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review in the basket of eight senior IS journals and the proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) conference, aiming at understanding insights into digital strategy and its related issues. The findings indicate several aspects of digital strategy concerning environments, challenges, approaches, stakeholders, and capabilities. We also provide insights into the relations among these aspects, as well as the distinction between digital and IT/IS strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental Sustainability is a global challenge. All governments are recommended to address this challenge by using digital technologies to provide e-government services and applications. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in e-government research in studying the issues of environmental sustainability. This paper provides a review of the literature that is available in the Digital Government Reference Library (DGRL) with an aim of synthesizing the knowledge and identifying the important areas for research. We assess the literature by adopting the E-government for Sustainable Development Research Assessment Framework (Estevez and Janowski 2013). The review shows that a few studies have been conducted for understanding e-government for environmental sustainability and little theoretical contribution was made. Drawing upon this assessment of the literature, we discuss several important research issues of exploring e-government services for environmental sustainability and the role of digital technologies in support of these services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information systems scholars have been inferring data as ontologically unstable and epistemilogically uncertain and mobile. Data have been conceptualized as distinctive from digital technologies and possessing properties to relate with other data, digital technologies, actors and socio-political environments. Across such relations, data stabilize into larger objects, but also change as part of actors' value-creation processes. However, data have been predominantly understood as open-ended, and the ability of data to simultaneously acquire structures and change has not been sufficiently explored - this requires an ontological investigation. The research question this paper seeks to address is "how can data, understood as both process and structure, be ontologically accounted for?". The paper offers two contributions. First, it unpacks the process ontology of assemblage theory to account for data as dualities of structure and change. Second, it provides an understanding of data as irreversible historical productions which simultaneously engage in enduring and changing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feedback on task performance is a key component for improvements and learning for many behaviors. Although the IS literature has provided relevant individual contributions on the design, outcomes, and mechanisms of performance feedback, there exists no overarching conceptual framework or theory to integrate those results for a holistic explanation of behavior change through IS-enabled feedback. Further, an overview of the existing literature to facilitate theory development is still missing. This paper presents a systematic literature review on performance feedback in the IS discipline by reviewing 23 articles from high-quality journals. The review provides an overview on the research landscape by coding characteristics of feedback systems and outcomes of the research. It highlights four behavioral mechanisms that performance feedback influences to improve task performance (attention, behavioral control, personal norms, and perceived social norms) and concludes by presenting possible directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how COVID-19 has impacted e-participation, i.e., participation by electronic means, in public decision-making, specifically in certain forms of local community budgeting. We expound the concept of e-participation and its sub-concepts and investigate these as applicable to participatory budgeting. 34 managers in five City Halls in Poland were interviewed on their views and experiences with moving public interactions on-line during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly as these interactions relate to participatory budgeting. The findings indicate that COVID-19 has indeed accelerated the digitalization of the participatory budgeting procedures, and to some extent may have increased community participation in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms face increasing pressure to refine business values and succeed in digital transformation. It is essential for organizations to have the required competence and capabilities to make innovation happen. This study argues that digital transformation teams should build the right competence profiles to deliver the changes using digital tools. Based on the dynamic capability theory, this paper proposes that the team’s digital problem-solving capability and benefits management capability are essential for digital transformation success. Using process automation as a context, this paper suggests that digital transformation teams should build data literacy, business process management competence, and computational thinking to form their capabilities for digital transformation, leading to process automation outcomes. This paper develops the conceptual research model and discusses the research method and the future plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technologies are revolutionizing the business world and giving rise to a new breed of entrepreneurs: digital entrepreneur. Digital entrepreneurs leverage digital platforms and technologies to create new business ventures and pursue entrepreneurial success. Despite the growing importance of digital entrepreneurship, the literature on this topic remains relatively fragmented on the key player driving digital entrepreneurship: digital entrepreneurs. To gain an understanding of how digital entrepreneurs are characterized in the current literature, this paper reviews the existing literature on digital entrepreneurship and characterizes digital entrepreneurs along several key dimensions. Adopting a systematic literature review approach, we analyzed 43 peer-reviewed papers in the fields of management and entrepreneurship to gain a comprehensive understanding of digital entrepreneurs. Our findings identify four prominent types of digital entrepreneurs, each with their corresponding digital entrepreneurial capability and entrepreneurial processes, and the enablers for their engagement in digital entrepreneurship. To move the field of digital entrepreneurship research forward, we suggest several research directions related to each of these dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends previous efforts to remedy the absence of “systems” theorizing within the information systems (IS) field. It addresses the question, “Why is the IS field struggling with sustainability issues?” By leveraging on the nascent foundations built for going back to the systems approach in IS, this paper develops a model for how current efforts in digitalization and digital transformation can support the building of sustainable futures. The bridge that links digitalization to sustainable futures is built on the principles of the system paradigm that provides leverage points for positive interventions that will make a difference to efforts in sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In massive open online courses (MOOCs), misjudgments by teachers and managers are caused by the disconfirmation effect of online reviews, i.e., the inconsistency between the degree of attention paid to course factors and the importance of that factor to learner satisfaction. Based on the two-factor theory of emotion, this paper uses 4,070 courses from Chinese University MOOC as research data, and identifies the effect of sentiment factors on the disconfirmation effect through text mining techniques and econometric models. The empirical results show that negative reviews have the significant disconfirmation effect. Relative to fear sentiment reviews, sadness sentiment reviews and anger sentiment reviews have the stronger disconfirmation effect. Relative to knowledgebased and practice-based courses, instrument-based course reviews have the stronger disconfirmation effect. In addition, negative course word-of-mouth and learner reputation play a moderating role between the effect of sentiment on the disconfirmation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on signaling theory to examine the joint effects of platform investment and investment of reputable investors on the investment behavior of ordinary investors in online lending. We tested our hypotheses with a dataset of 2,276,380 bidding records pertaining to 46,140 loans posted on an online lending platform. Our results show that (1) The investment of reputable investors as a quality signal can increase the investment amount of subsequent investors. (2) Platform investment signal and reputable investment signal are complementary. In the loan projects with platform investment (compared to those without), investment of reputable investors exerts greater influence on the investment amount of subsequent investors. (3) Focusing on loan projects with platform investment, the investment of reputable investors has greater impact on the investment amount of subsequent investors after the platform investment. This paper offers important theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, a new form of media, called Digital Interactive Media, has been popular in Chinese stock market. Investors can interact with listed companies directly. Therefore, it might be necessary to deconstruct and extract features of the interactive platform's information to understand the influence mechanism of digital platform on stock price fluctuations. This paper uses web crawling technology to obtain massive interactive information from Panorama from 2015 to 2019, extracts some valuable influencing factors through emotional quantification technology, and creates a Multiple Regression Model to explore effect of different emotional factors on stock price volatility. The empirical results show that the sentiment in investors' questions will not significantly affect correspondent stock prices, but the tone and sentiment of the response of listed companies will significantly influence stock prices trends, especially the price of the current trading day or next trading day. The robustness test and endogeneity test supports the research conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes underlying assumptions in Design Science Research – and Information Systems Research more broadly by conceptualizing the „solution trap“. The solution trap is caused by the incompatibility of co-existing solutions in complex socio-technical contexts. Information systems bring diverse cultures and theories together, causing tensions in the different institutional logics. We emphasize the need for a nuanced understanding of context unevenness and propose solution patchwork as a coordination approach to evade the solution trap. Substantiating the preliminary insights and propositions with a literature review and further empirical grounding will transition this research-in-progress to a full paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short paper explores building innovation platforms in the public sector, particularly in public healthcare, through an ecological lens. While existing research has mainly focused on the platform owner's role in orchestrating innovation, this study investigates the strategies used by public organizations and widens the net to analyse how a digital health platform’s complementing actors contribute towards innovation within the ecosystem. The paper further highlights the fundamental difference in market logic between public and private platforms. Using the case study of Helseplattformen, a public digital health platform in central Norway, the study aims to identify platform establishment strategies and ecosystem actor interactions that contribute to innovation emergence. The study contributes both theoretically and practically to digital platforms literature and provides guidance for decision-makers and project managers in the public sector who want to adopt or manage similar digital health platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more decisions are made on screens. Digital nudging attempts to guide users' decisions on these screens. One relevant application area of digital nudging are customer journeys. Emerging research on this topic mainly analyses digital nudging on companies' owned conversion screens (i.e. websites). However, in a multi-channel, multi-owner customer journeys (i.e. own website and search engine or social media) there is increasing need to guide users through various digital touchpoints along all stages of the customer journey. This paper examines existing research on the application of digital nudging throughout customer journeys. The literature review reveals that nudging has been considered in customer journey-related literature, but so far with little explicit cross-referencing to nudging and behavioral economics research. The scientific contribution of this paper comprises a synthesis of existing research, identification of research gaps and a research agenda to study the application of digital nudging along the customer journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and practitioners increasingly recognize the relevance of the complex business environment in which companies develop, produce, and distribute their products and services. This environment is often referred to as business ecosystem. Various types of business ecosystems have been presented and discussed in literature, such as innovation or platform business ecosystems. We conduct a systematic mapping study analyzing 136 papers in order to characterize types of business ecosystems. We provide an overview of 12 business ecosystem types and visualize how they interrelate with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing output of scientific literature, researchers are faced with a daunting challenge when it comes to performing systematic literature reviews. Hence, the use of Information Systems to achieve operational excellence has gained increasing importance in systematic literature reviews. However, existing solutions to support systematic literature reviews are often restrained to a single aspect of the process or lack interoperability. As such, researchers may not be able to efficiently leverage recent promising advancements in Machine Learning and Text Analytics. Therefore, we developed a flexible and modifiable artifact that aims to support systematic literature review processes from a holistic point of view. We expect our artifact to be a first step towards semi-automation of systematic literature reviews, which will gain relevance in the near future, as the trend of rising scientific literature output is expected to continue. Our development process follows a Design Science Research approach including continuous evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative evolution of platform-based logic has shown obvious advantages in promoting the development of value creation, and encouraging business transformation in current digital economy era. However, we still know little about the value innovation mechanism in platform enterprises (PE). Thus, by conducting a rigorous case study for Shi Wai Tao Yuan (SWTY) in China, this paper explores the underlying attributes of PE, proposes three enabling functions in the field of culture, technology and data, and builds the multi-level path of collaborative value innovation including value co-creation, resource sharing and idea symbiosis. Finally, this paper draws a theoretical framework. Overall, this paper contributes to research on the formation process and action mechanism of collaborative enabling and value innovation, also shed light on the exploration on PE, and business ecosystems evolution. In doing so, this paper also provides novel insights into the sustainable development of PE in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In research, industrial case studies are a possibility to collect information about complex phenomena from the environment where they occur. Digital transformation (DT) is a complex phenomenon, but there is a paucity of published case studies which describe the intermediary steps taken in enterprise DT activities. The paper contributes to a more diversified picture of digital transformation (DT) by describing and analyzing the step-bystep transformation of five case studies. The approach proposed for planning and analysis of DT cases in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) consists of three elements: (a) focus on the dimensions "products/services" and "operations" when initiating DT in SME, (b) use step-by-step transformation along transformation paths instead of aiming at transformation in one go, and (c) include the success factors of DT known from literature in the step-by-step approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many advantages are attributed to participatory enterprise modelling as compared to conventional modelling and elicitation approaches. Among them are an improved quality of the models, better acceptance of the modelling results by the stakeholders and co-creation of models by different stakeholders. Although these advantages were observed in a number of modelling projects, there is not much empirical work comparing conventional and participatory modelling in real-world cases. Much work on participatory modelling is more exploratory and argumentative than explanatory and conclusive. From a pragmatic perspective, one effect of this situation is missing decision criteria when to do participatory and when conventional modelling. This paper aims at contributing to this research area by investigating what factors should be taken into account when deciding for or against participatory enterprise modelling. The approach taken is to analyze successful and non-successful cases from both participatory and conventional modelling in order to identify such decision factors. The main contributions of this paper are (1) an approach for analyzing enterprise modelling cases consisting of criteria derived from literature on enterprise modelling, (2) comparison of conventional and participatory modelling cases according to the analysis criteria and (3) a detailed discussion of criteria relevant for the decision for/against participatory or conventional modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability is no longer a new trend, but an increasingly important necessity. Information Systems (IS) research is also addressing the topic more often, although, for example, company practices lack applicable solutions. At the same time, the demand for corporate sustainability and opportunities to apply digital enterprise solutions is growing. This situation creates an enormous potential to profitably couple the demand with the opportunities. In our paper, we discuss the potential that personal virtual assistants (PVAs) have to create corporate sustainability effects. Using a triangulated methodological approach, critical gaps are identified by means of a systematic literature review. Based on this, qualitative group discussions and interviews are used to analyze other influencing factors and correlations in an empirical study. It subsequently becomes clear that sustainability is subordinate to the cost-benefit trade-off, which most companies regard as being the most critical. Consequently, we present a practice-oriented bridging framework to overcome this drawback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation is a process through which companies open their borders and collaborate with external stakeholders like open source communities to bring new ideas and develop novel digital technologies to gain a competitive position. In this paper, we studied an open source project, i.e., Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) – a Linux Foundation project started by automobile manufacturers and technology companies to innovate technologies for automobiles. By analyzing the code contribution of AGL, we show that much of the code contribution is made by external companies supplying technology to automotive companies and later using the open innovation process to benefit from it. We find evidence that automobile manufacturers engage in open source communities for outside-in, inside-out, and coupled open innovation. As such, this paper shows to managers in larger companies the importance of open source as a way to do open innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread adoption of digital technologies has dramatically increased the concerns over invasion of consumers’ information privacy. Several studies show that despite the increasing concerns over invasion of privacy, consumers seldom engage in activities to protect their personal information. Why does privacy remain an elusive concept in practice even though it is widely discussed? This article adopts a resource dependency perspective (Emerson 1962; Pfeffer and Salancik 1978) to explain the reasons of the discrepancy between consumers’ privacy attitudes and their actual behaviors. In particular, this paper explains the power-dependency asymmetry in the consumer-firm relationship and explores the mechanisms that foster consumers’ dependency on the firm. The dependency asymmetry in a consumer)firm relationship is proposed to enhance the consumers’ willingness to self-disclose personal information or allow the firm to intrude into their privacy through new invasive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In emerging economies, digital innovation has become a driving force of financial inclusion and socioeconomic development. However, who are the users? This simple yet crucial question has often been neglected. This paper argues that in order for a digital innovation for financial inclusion to generate expected outcomes, we need to examine whether the users are the intended users. This paper explores this issue by examining one particular instance--M-Shwari--the mobile-based digital savings service, which is intended to bank the unbanked, low-income population in rural areas in Kenya. In contrast to the expectation, the findings show that M-Shwari is likely to be used by high-income households in urban areas, who are already banked. This paper contributes to the emerging digital innovation and financial inclusion literature by calling for further research toward users in this particular context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of virtual reality (VR) in Marketing research and practice is blooming, which suggests that Marketing can largely benefit from VR applications. In multidisciplinary applications of technology, it is important to organize the results of current studies and to define the terminology to subsidize future studies. To date, there is no literature review regarding the use of VR in all marketing applications. This paper aims to leverage future studies and practices by presenting a systematic review that covers VR immersive applications to Marketing performed by a team of Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Marketing, Psychology and Information System (IS) researchers. From over 630 papers retrieved, 59 papers were reviewed. The findings were analyzed and discussed according to the technological and psychological immersion perspectives and marketing applications. Consumer learning was the most frequent topic investigated. Most studies reported positive outcomes. Gaps and limitations were identified, and future works were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing adoption of digital platforms as a new mode of organizing economic and social activities has led to a growing interest in research on this topic amongst IS scholars. As a result, the digital platforms literature has grown significantly over the last decade. Yet, scholars call for more research on the topic as platforms evolve and many questions remain unanswered. There is therefore a need to take stock of the existing literature in order to gain better visibility of what has been achieved and what directions future research can take. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on digital platforms including 96 articles, covering IS and management journals. Key findings of this study show an ambiguity in the current conceptualization of digital platforms. They also highlight the multi-dimensional nature of digital platforms which reflects the heterogeneity of their manifestations in practice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital platforms have emerged as a major organizational form in various industries including hospitality (e.g., Airbnb), innovation (e.g., Designhill), and software development (e.g., Apple iOS). Some platforms evolve successfully to build stable and growing ecosystems, while many fail to do so. The high rate of failure amongst platforms can be linked to platforms emulating mechanisms from successful platforms that are less applicable to their context. Therefore, understanding the evolution of platforms requires attention to variations in their evolution mechanisms across platform types. In this paper, we analyze the mechanisms of platform evolution across multiple platform types by reviewing the growing literature on digital platforms within major Information Systems (IS) journals, IS conferences and management journals. We identify three categories of evolution mechanisms, namely platform design, platform operations and capabilities, and platform ecosystem and governance. Our analysis points to variation in the applicability of each category across different types of platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the nascent debate in the information systems (IS) field on liminal innovation by focusing on how tensions can be resolved during crisis. Liminal innovation is used by scholars to describe iterative processes of experimentation and implementation of IS during crisis. We draw on the concepts of communitas and anti-structure from the literature on liminality to analyse a longitudinal case study of digitalization of contact tracing in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic and show how they mutually reinforce each other to create a sense of togetherness and urgency. We identify four resolutions to tensions emerging from this interplay: egalitarianism, autonomy, disobedience, and silo breaking. These manifestations of anti-structure and communitas allowed rapid and responsive innovation during a period of intense organizational and psychological stress, and thus contributed to positive performative outcomes by implementing a digital contact tracing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Reality (VR) has been increasingly adopted in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) for enriching residents' experience. Previous research has indicated that VR experiences can be especially valuable when they are personalized - that is, tailored to individual interests and circumstances. However, resources guiding how personalized VR experiences should be introduced in RACFs are limited. This paper reports an in-depth case study with a care assistant working across RACFs, who has significant experience in introducing personalized VR for people with dementia. The paper provides insights into vital steps in introducing personalized VR, using available information sources and the opportunities and challenges brought about by this approach for this population. Findings reveal that personalized VR should be introduced with respect and care. However, this could create tension for staff facilitating VR activities in resource-stretched aged care organizations. This paper identifies opportunities for designing systems to make personalized VR more effective in RACFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, digital environments are critical regarding the way enterprise operations are conducted and how enterprises are being developed. Traditional information systems used by enterprises need to evolve to accommodate the shift of their role from representation to mediation, role that has been recently conceptualized but not sufficiently researched to identify means that enable its operationalization across domains and purposes. This work identifies what are the key enablers and how should these be applied regardless of the domain of interest. For this, our paper showcases as a proof-of-concept artifact that operationalizes the before mentioned new role of the IS. Our proposal relies on Conceptual Modelling together with all the other related enablers like Digital Twins, metamodelling platforms or model-driven operation. Our example concerns the modern organization that continuously aims to become more innovative and gain competitive advantage therefore, it employs smart devices like drones in different business operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When allowing third parties to join their platforms, platform owners run the risk of attracting harmful third-party complements. Existing literature considers that low-quality offerings negatively affect crossside user satisfaction and attractiveness, ultimately harming the platform's reputation and stability. However, recent events show that negative externalities from third-party offerings can also motivate platform sponsors to adapt their membership conditions. Existing platform literature does not explain the underlying theoretical mechanisms. In this paper, we examine why platform sponsors adjust the conditions that govern third parties joining their platforms in response to negative externalities. We apply legitimacy theory to a critical case on a payment transaction platform. We find that negative externalities affect both moral and regulatory legitimacy, which in turn motivate the platform sponsor to adjust the conditions under which third parties may join the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homophily is both a principle for social group formation with like-minded people as well as a mechanism for social interactions. Recent years have seen a growing body of management research on homophily particularly on large-scale social media and digital platforms. However, the predominant traditional qualitative and quantitative methods employed face validity issues and/or are not well-suited for big social data. There are scant guidelines for applying computational methods to specific research domains concerning descriptive patterns, explanatory mechanisms, or predictive indicators of homophily. To fill this research gap, this paper offers a structured review of the emerging literature on computational social science approaches to homophily with a particular emphasis on their relevance, appropriateness, and importance to information systems research. We derive a research taxonomy for homophily and offer methodological reflections and recommendations to help inform future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Digital” is a popular adjective for concepts related to electronic, computerized or networked processes in current research and practice. From an ontological-theoretical perspective, the prevalence of digital things triggers the question, how Digitality itself could be conceptualized. This article studies the ontology of Digitality and consequently discusses Digital Innovation (DI) from a new perspective. First, literature on Digitality is analyzed. Based on the findings, an ontological conceptual framework of Digitality (OCFD) is proposed. It describes four layers of Digitality: physical foundations, virtuality, digital culture and world, and digital metaphysics. From a human perspective, requirements to grasp and embody Digitality are highlighted, as well as the expansion of reality. Finally, Digitality is discussed as a paradigm of DI and exemplary digital phenomena are projected onto the OCFD. This paper contributes to DI research and practice through theory-building towards a better understanding of ontological characteristics and practical implications of Digitality in DI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization requires organizations to strategically invest in information technology (IT). As a result, the costs associated with IT in companies are rising and technological progress changes the setting for IT management. This poses challenges for IT managers to ensure spend-efficiency and manage IT costs transparently. However, no current literature review gives an overview of how IT cost management (ITCM) research dealt with past transformations. This paper aims to investigate ITCM concepts considering their historical context. It then derives implications for the digital age and identifies future research fields. The historical literature review reveals that ITCM research evolved with technological advances and the target to manage all IT-related costs and evaluate the impact of IT spend. However, the presented concepts lack consideration of current changes that hamper spend-efficiency and strategic decisions. Hence, this paper enables future research to address the identified research gaps. Additionally, practitioners gain awareness of how they can benefit from developed ITCM concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metaverse refers to merging the physical and virtual environments, providing new opportunities for transferring real-world identities into the digital space. Mapping identities into the metaverse is done using blockchain tokens. Therefore, we define the set of metaverse services associated with a blockchain as “blockchain-based metaverse” (BM). While blockchain applications have long been considered more privacy-preserving than centralized applications, we argue that the underlying premises of this assumption have changed for the BM context. Since blockchain transactions are pseudonym-based, it is generally possible to link them to real-world identities. This probability has increased in the BM, making inferences about identities more likely, which completely changes the privacy situation. In our paper, we conceptually re-assess the privacy assumption of blockchains and suggest four propositions to demonstrate how the privacy level changes in the BM. We also provide technical and organizational measures to address the privacy shortcomings and present a research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]