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44 results on '"Park, H-S."'

1. Transition from Collisional to Collisionless Regimes in Interpenetrating Plasma Flows on the National Ignition Facility

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Petrasso, Richard D, Li, Chikang, Sio, Hong Weng, Lahmann, Brandon James, Ross, J. S., Higginson, D. P., Ryutov, D., Fiuza, F., Hatarik, R., Huntington, C. M., Kalantar, D. H., Link, A., Pollock, B. B., Remington, B. A., Rinderknecht, H. G., Swadling, G. F., Turnbull, D. P., Weber, S., Wilks, S., Froula, D. H., Rosenberg, M. J., Morita, T., Sakawa, Y., Takabe, H., Drake, R. P., Kuranz, C., Gregori, G., Meinecke, J., Levy, M. C., Koenig, M., Spitkovsky, A., Zylstra, A. B., Park, H.-S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Petrasso, Richard D, Li, Chikang, Sio, Hong Weng, Lahmann, Brandon James, Ross, J. S., Higginson, D. P., Ryutov, D., Fiuza, F., Hatarik, R., Huntington, C. M., Kalantar, D. H., Link, A., Pollock, B. B., Remington, B. A., Rinderknecht, H. G., Swadling, G. F., Turnbull, D. P., Weber, S., Wilks, S., Froula, D. H., Rosenberg, M. J., Morita, T., Sakawa, Y., Takabe, H., Drake, R. P., Kuranz, C., Gregori, G., Meinecke, J., Levy, M. C., Koenig, M., Spitkovsky, A., Zylstra, A. B., and Park, H.-S.
Abstract: A study of the transition from collisional to collisionless plasma flows has been carried out at the National Ignition Facility using high Mach number (M>4) counterstreaming plasmas. In these experiments, CD-CD and CD-CH planar foils separated by 6–10 mm are irradiated with laser energies of 250 kJ per foil, generating ∼1000 km/s plasma flows. Varying the foil separation distance scales the ion density and average bulk velocity and, therefore, the ion-ion Coulomb mean free path, at the interaction region at the midplane. The characteristics of the flow interaction have been inferred from the neutrons and protons generated by deuteron-deuteron interactions and by x-ray emission from the hot, interpenetrating, and interacting plasmas. A localized burst of neutrons and bright x-ray emission near the midpoint of the counterstreaming flows was observed, suggesting strong heating and the initial stages of shock formation. As the separation of the CD-CH foils increases we observe enhanced neutron production compared to particle-in-cell simulations that include Coulomb collisions, but do not include collective collisionless plasma instabilities. The observed plasma heating and enhanced neutron production is consistent with the initial stages of collisionless shock formation, mediated by the Weibel filamentation instability.
Published: 2017

2. Demonstration of High Performance in Layered Deuterium-Tritium Capsule Implosions in Uranium Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Frenje, Johan A., Gatu Johnson, Maria, Doppner, T., Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Hinkel, D. E., Ma, T., Park, H.-S., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Celliers, P., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Haan, S. W., Kritcher, A. L., MacPhee, A. G., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Springer, P. T., Salmonson, J. D., Tommasini, R., Benedetti, L. R., Bond, E., Bradley, D. K., Caggiano, J., Church, J., Dixit, S., Edgell, D., Edwards, M. J., Fittinghoff, D. N., Grim, G., Hatarik, R., Havre, M., Herrmann, H., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Kline, J. L., Knauer, J., Kyrala, G. A., Landen, O. L., Merrill, F. E., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Nikroo, A., Ralph, J. E., Remington, B. A., Robey, H. F., Sayre, D., Schneider, M., Streckert, H., Town, R., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Wan, A., Widmann, K., Wilde, C. H., Yeamans, C., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Frenje, Johan A., Gatu Johnson, Maria, Doppner, T., Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Hinkel, D. E., Ma, T., Park, H.-S., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Celliers, P., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Haan, S. W., Kritcher, A. L., MacPhee, A. G., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Springer, P. T., Salmonson, J. D., Tommasini, R., Benedetti, L. R., Bond, E., Bradley, D. K., Caggiano, J., Church, J., Dixit, S., Edgell, D., Edwards, M. J., Fittinghoff, D. N., Grim, G., Hatarik, R., Havre, M., Herrmann, H., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Kline, J. L., Knauer, J., Kyrala, G. A., Landen, O. L., Merrill, F. E., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Nikroo, A., Ralph, J. E., Remington, B. A., Robey, H. F., Sayre, D., Schneider, M., Streckert, H., Town, R., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Wan, A., Widmann, K., Wilde, C. H., and Yeamans, C.
Abstract: We report on the first layered deuterium-tritium (DT) capsule implosions indirectly driven by a “high-foot” laser pulse that were fielded in depleted uranium hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility. Recently, high-foot implosions have demonstrated improved resistance to ablation-front Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced mixing of ablator material into the DT hot spot [Hurricane et al., Nature (London) 506, 343 (2014)]. Uranium hohlraums provide a higher albedo and thus an increased drive equivalent to an additional 25 TW laser power at the peak of the drive compared to standard gold hohlraums leading to higher implosion velocity. Additionally, we observe an improved hot-spot shape closer to round which indicates enhanced drive from the waist. In contrast to findings in the National Ignition Campaign, now all of our highest performing experiments have been done in uranium hohlraums and achieved total yields approaching 10[superscript 16] neutrons where more than 50% of the yield was due to additional heating of alpha particles stopping in the DT fuel., United States. Dept. of Energy (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344)
Published: 2015

3. Experimental Demonstration of X-Ray Drive Enhancement with Rugby-Shaped Hohlraums

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Petrasso, Richard D., Li, C. K., Seguin, Fredrick Hampton, Rosenberg, Michael Jonathan, Philippe, F., Casner, A., Caillaud, T., Landoas, O., Monteil, M. C., Liberatore, S., Park, H. S., Amendt, P., Robey, H., Sorce, C., Glebov, V. Yu., Stoeckl, C., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Petrasso, Richard D., Li, C. K., Seguin, Fredrick Hampton, Rosenberg, Michael Jonathan, Philippe, F., Casner, A., Caillaud, T., Landoas, O., Monteil, M. C., Liberatore, S., Park, H. S., Amendt, P., Robey, H., Sorce, C., Glebov, V. Yu., and Stoeckl, C.
Abstract: Rugby-shaped hohlraums have been suggested as a way to enhance x-ray drive in the indirect drive approach to inertial confinement fusion. This Letter presents an experimental comparison of rugby-shaped and cylinder hohlraums used for D[subscript 2] and D[superscript 3]He-filled capsules implosions on the Omega laser facility, demonstrating an increase of x-ray flux by 18% in rugby-shaped hohlraums. The highest yields to date for deuterium gas implosions in indirect drive on Omega (1.5×10[superscript 10] neutrons) were obtained, allowing for the first time the measurement of a DD burn history. Proton spectra measurements provide additional validation of the higher drive in rugby-shaped hohlraums.
Published: 2010

4. Grain-Size-Independent Plastic Flow at Ultrahigh Pressures and Strain Rates.

Author: Park, H.-S., Rudd, R. E., Cavallo, R. M., Barton, N. R., Arsenlis, A., Belof, J. L., Blobaum, K. J. M., El-dasher, B. S., Florando, J. N., Huntington, C. M., Maddox, B. R., May, M. J., Plechaty, C., Prisbrey, S. T., Remington, B. A., Wallace, R. J., Wehrenberg, C. E., Wilson, M. J., Comley, A. J., and Giraldez, E.
Subjects: *GRAIN size, *MICROSTRUCTURE, *GRAIN refinement, *METALS, *DUCTILITY, *MECHANICAL behavior of materials
Abstract: A basic tenet of material science is that the flow stress of a metal increases as its grain size decreases, an effect described by the Hall-Petch relation. This relation is used extensively in material design to optimize the hardness, durability, survivability, and ductility of structural metals. This Letter reports experimental results in a new regime of high pressures and strain rates that challenge this basic tenet of mechanical metallurgy. We report measurements of the plastic flow of the model body-centered-cubic metal tantalum made under conditions of high pressure (>100 GPa) and strain rate (~107 s-1) achieved by using the Omega laser. Under these unique plastic deformation ("flow") conditions, the effect of grain size is found to be negligible for grain sizes > 0.25 pm sizes. A multiscale model of the plastic flow suggests that pressure and strain rate hardening dominate over the grain-size effects. Theoretical estimates, based on grain compatibility and geometrically necessary dislocations, corroborate this conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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5. High-Adiabat High-Foot Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Park, H.-S., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Casey, D. T., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D. E., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Le Pape, S., Ma, T., Patel, P. K., Remington, B. A., Robey, H. F., Salmonson, J. D., and Kline, J. L.
Subjects: *INERTIAL confinement fusion, *DEUTERIUM, *TRITIUM, *EXPERIMENTS, *SIMULATION methods & models
Abstract: This Letter reports on a series of high-adiabat implosions of cryogenic layered deuterium-tritium (DT) capsules indirectly driven by a "high-foot" laser drive pulse at the National Ignition Facility. High-foot implosions have high ablation velocities and large density gradient scale lengths and are more resistant to ablation-front Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced mixing of ablator material into the DT hot spot. Indeed, the observed hot spot mix in these implosions was low and the measured neutron yields were typically 50% (or higher) of the yields predicted by simulation. On one high performing shot (N130812), 1.7 MJ of laser energy at a peak power of 350 TW was used to obtain a peak hohlraum radiation temperature of ~300 eV. The resulting experimental neutron yield was (2.4±0.05)×1015 DT, the fuel ρR was (0.86±0.063) g/cm², and the measured Tion was (4.2±0.16) keV, corresponding to 8 kJ of fusion yield, with ~1/3 of the yield caused by self-heating of the fuel by a particles emitted in the initial reactions. The generalized Lawson criteria, an ignition metric, was 0.43 and the neutron yield was ~70% of the value predicted by simulations that include α-particle self-heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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6. Collisionless Coupling of Ion and Electron Temperatures in Counterstreaming Plasma Flows.

Author: Ross, J. S., Park, H.-S., Berger, R., Divol, L., Kugland, N. L., Rozmus, W., Ryutov, D., and Glenzer, S. H.
Subjects: *COLLISIONLESS plasmas, *ELECTRON temperature, *ELECTRONS, *HEATING, *THOMSON scattering, *ION-ion collisions, *ELECTROSTATICS
Abstract: Rapid electron and ion heating is observed in collisionless counterstreaming plasma flows and explained via a novel heating mechanism that couples the electron and ion temperatures. Recent experiments measure plasma conditions 4 mm from the surface of single foil (single plasma stream) and double foils (two counterstreaming plasmas) targets using Thomson scattering. Significant increases in electron and ion temperatures (from <100 eV to >1 keV) compared to the single foil geometry are observed. While electrons are heated by friction on opposite going ions, ion-ion collisions cannot explain the observed ion heating. Also, density and flow velocity measurements show negligible slow down and rule out stagnation. The nonlinear saturation of an acoustic two-stream electrostatic instability is predicted to couple the ion temperature to the electron temperature through the dynamic evolution of the instability threshold. Particle-in-cell simulations including both collisional and collisionless effects are compared to the experimental measurements and show rapid electron and ion heating consistent with the experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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7. Highly Resolved Measurements of a Developing Strong Collisional Plasma Shock.

Author: Rinderknecht, Hans G., Park, H.-S., Ross, J. S., Amendt, P. A., Higginson, D. P., Wilks, S. C., Haberberger, D., Katz, J., Froula, D. H., Hoffman, N. M., Kagan, G., Keenan, B. D., and Vold, E. L.
Subjects: *PLASMA shock waves, *THOMSON scattering
Abstract: The structure of a strong collisional shock front forming in a plasma is directly probed for the first time in laser-driven gas-jet experiments. Thomson scattering of a 526.5 nm probe beam was used to diagnose temperature and ion velocity distribution in a strong shock (M~11) propagating through a low-density (ρ~0.01 mg/cc) plasma composed of hydrogen. A forward-streaming population of ions traveling in excess of the shock velocity was observed to heat and slow down on an unmoving, unshocked population of cold protons, until ultimately the populations merge and begin to thermalize. Instabilities are observed during the merging, indicating a uniquely plasma-phase process in shock front formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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8. Lattice-level observation of the elastic-to-plastic relaxation process with subnanosecond resolution in shock-compressed Ta using time-resolved in situ Laue diffraction.

Author: Wehrenberg, C. E., Barton, N. R., Coppari, F., Fratanduono, D., Huntington, C. M., Maddox, B. R., Park, H.-S., Prisbrey, S. T., Remington, B. A., Rudd, R. E., Comley, A. J., and Plechaty, C.
Subjects: *CRYSTAL lattices, *X-ray diffraction, *SECOND (Unit of time), *SHEAR strain, *RELAXATION (Nuclear physics), *PRESSURE
Abstract: We report direct lattice-level measurements of plastic relaxation kinetics through time-resolved, in situ Laue diffraction of shock-compressed single-crystal [001 ] Ta at pressures of 27-210 GPa. For a 50-GPa shock, a range of shear strains is observed extending up to the uniaxial limit for early data points (<0.6 ns), and the average shear strain relaxes to a near steady state over ~1 ns. For 80- and 125-GPa shocks, the measured shear strains are fully relaxed already at 200 ps, consistent with rapid relaxation associated with the predicted threshold for homogeneous nucleation of dislocations occurring at shock pressure ~65 GPa. The relaxation rate and shear stresses are used to estimate the dislocation density, and these quantities are compared to the results of other high-pressure work, flow stress models, and molecular dynamics simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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9. Improved Performance of High Areal Density Indirect Drive Implosions at the National Ignition Facility using a Four-Shock Adiabat Shaped Drive.

Author: Casey, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Smalyuk, V. A., Clark, D. S., Robey, H. F., Pak, A., MacPhee, A. G., Baker, K. L., Weber, C. R., Ma, T., Park, H.-S., Döppner, T., Callahan, D. A., Haan, S. W., Patel, P. K., Peterson, J. L., Hoover, D., Nikroo, A., Yeamans, C. B., and Merrill, F. E.
Subjects: *COMPUTATIONAL hydrodynamics software, *ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics), *ADIABATIC compression, *ADIABATIC processes
Abstract: Hydrodynamic instabilities can cause capsule defects and other perturbations to grow and degrade implosion performance in ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Here, we show the first experimental demonstration that a strong unsupported first shock in indirect drive implosions at the NIF reduces ablation front instability growth leading to a 3 to 10 times higher yield with fuel pR > 1 g/cm². This work shows the importance of ablation front instability growth during the National Ignition Campaign and may provide a path to improved performance at the high compression necessary for ignition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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10. Demonstration of High Performance in Layered Deuterium-Tritium Capsule Implosions in Uranium Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Doppner, T., Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Hinkel, D. E., Ma, T., Park, H.-S., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Celliers, P., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Haan, S. W., Kritcher, A. L., MacPhee, A., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Springer, P. T., Salmonson, J. D., and Tommasini, R.
Subjects: *DEUTERIUM, *TRITIUM, *URANIUM, *HYDROGEN isotopes, *ACTINIDE elements
Abstract: We report on the first layered deuterium-tritium (DT) capsule implosions indirectly driven by a "highfoot" laser pulse that were fielded in depleted uranium hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility. Recently, high-foot implosions have demonstrated improved resistance to ablation-front Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced mixing of ablator material into the DT hot spot [Hurricane et a l, Nature (London) 506, 343 (2014)]. Uranium hohlraums provide a higher albedo and thus an increased drive equivalent to an additional 25 TW laser power at the peak of the drive compared to standard gold hohlraums leading to higher implosion velocity. Additionally, we observe an improved hot-spot shape closer to round which indicates enhanced drive from the waist. In contrast to findings in the National Ignition Campaign, now all of our highest performing experiments have been done in uranium hohlraums and achieved total yields approaching 1016 neutrons where more than 50% of the yield was due to additional heating of alpha particles stopping in the DT fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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11. Thin Shell, High Velocity Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions on the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Ma, T., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Barrios, M. A., Casey, D. T., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Döppner, T., Haan, S. W., Hinkel, D. E., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Le Pape, S., MacPhee, A. G., Pak, A., Park, H.-S., Patel, P. K., Remington, B. A., Robey, H. F., Salmonson, J. D., and Springer, P. T.
Subjects: *NUCLEAR fusion, *NUCLEAR reactions, *VELOCITY, *SPEED, *LASERS
Abstract: Experiments have recently been conducted at the National Ignition Facility utilizing inertial confinement fusion capsule ablators that are 175 and 165 fim in thickness, 10% and 15% thinner, respectively, than the nominal thickness capsule used throughout the high foot and most of the National Ignition Campaign. These three-shock, high-adiabat, high-foot implosions have demonstrated good performance, with higher velocity and better symmetry control at lower laser powers and energies than their nominal thickness ablator counterparts. Little to no hydrodynamic mix into the DT hot spot has been observed despite the higher velocities and reduced depth for possible instability feedthrough. Early results have shown good repeatability, with up to 1 /2 the neutron yield coming from α-particle self-heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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12. Reduced instability growth with high-adiabat high-foot implosions at the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Casey, D. T., Smalyuk, V. A., Raman, K. S., Peterson, J. L., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Callahan, D. A., Clark, D. S., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Haan, S. W., Hinkel, D. E., Hoover, D., Hurricane, O. A., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Moore, A. S., Nikroo, A., Park, H. -S., Remington, B. A., and Robey, H. F.
Subjects: *INERTIAL confinement fusion, *HYDRODYNAMICS, *THERMONUCLEAR fusion, *X-rays, *RADIOGRAPHY
Abstract: Hydrodynamic instabilities are a major obstacle in the quest to achieve ignition as they cause preexisting capsule defects to grow and ultimately quench the fusion burn in experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Unstable growth at the ablation front has been dramatically reduced in implosions with "high-foot" drives as measured using x-ray radiography of modulations at the most dangerous wavelengths (Legendre mode numbers of 30-90). These growth reductions have helped to improve the performance of layered DT implosions reported by O. A. Hurricane et al. [Nature (London) 506,343 (2014)], when compared to previous "low-foot" experiments, demonstrating the value of stabilizing ablation-front growth and providing directions for future ignition designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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13. Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Dittrich, T. R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Dewald, E. L., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D. E., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Le Pape, S., Ma, T., Milovich, J. L., Moreno, J. C., Patel, P. K., Park, H.-S., Remington, B. A., Salmonson, J. D., and Kline, J. L.
Subjects: *INERTIAL confinement fusion, *STAGNATION pressure, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *SIMULATION methods & models, *IONIZATION energy
Abstract: The National Ignition Campaign's [M. J. Edwards et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 070501 (2013)] point design implosion has achieved DT neutron yields of 7.5×1014 neutrons, inferred stagnation pressures of 103 Gbar, and inferred areal densities (ρR) of 0.90 g/cm² (shot N111215), values that are lower than 1D expectations by factors of 10×, 3.3×, and 1.5×, respectively. In this Letter, we present the design basis for an inertial confinement fusion capsule using an alternate indirect-drive pulse shape that is less sensitive to issues that may be responsible for this lower than expected performance. This new implosion features a higher radiation temperature in the "foot" of the pulse, three-shock pulse shape resulting in an implosion that has less sensitivity to the predicted ionization state of carbon, modestly lower convergence ratio, and significantly lower ablation Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth than that of the NIC point design capsule. The trade-off with this new design is a higher fuel adiabat that limits both fuel compression and theoretical capsule yield. The purpose of designing this capsule is to recover a more ideal one-dimensional implosion that is in closer agreement to simulation predictions. Early experimental results support our assertions since as of this Letter, a high-foot implosion has obtained a record DT yield of 2.4×1015 neutrons (within ~70% of 1D simulation) with fuel ρR=0.84 g/cm² and an estimated ~1/3 of the yield coming from α-particle self-heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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14. Structure and Dynamics of Colliding Plasma Jets.

Author: C. K. Li, Ryutov, D. D., S. X. Hu, Rosenberg, M. J., Zylstra, A. B., Séguin, F. H., Frenje, J. A., Casey, D. T., Gatu Johnson, M., Manuel, M. J.-E., Rinderknecht, H. G., Petrasso, R. D., Amendt, P. A., Park, H. S., Remington, B. A., Wilks, S. C., Betti, R., Froula, D. H., Knauer, J. P., and Meyerhofer, D. D.
Subjects: *PLASMA jets, *MAGNETIC fields, *REYNOLDS number, *PLASMA flow, *PROTON detection, *OHM'S law
Abstract: Monoenergetic-proton radiographs of laser-generated, high-Mach-number plasma jets colliding at various angles shed light on the structures and dynamics of these collisions. The observations compare favorably with results from 2D hydrodynamic simulations of multistream plasma jets, and also with results from an analytic treatment of electron flow and magnetic field advection. In collisions of two noncollinear jets, the observed flow structure is similar to the analytic model's prediction of a characteristic feature with a narrow structure pointing in one direction and a much thicker one pointing in the opposite direction. Spontaneous magnetic fields, largely azimuthal around the colliding jets and generated by the well-known ∇Te × ∇ne Biermann battery effect near the periphery of the laser spots, are demonstrated to be "frozen in" the plasma (due to high magnetic Reynolds number ReM ∼ 5 X 104) and advected along the jet streamlines of the electron flow. These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of colliding plasma jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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15. Strength of Shock-Loaded Single-Crystal Tantalum [100] Determined using In Situ Broadband X-Ray Laue Diffraction.

Author: Comley, A. J., Maddox, B. R., Rudd, R. E., Prisbrey, S. T., Hawreliak, J. A., Orlikowski, D. A., Peterson, S. C., Satcher, J. H., Elsholz, A. J., Park, H.-S., Remington, B. A., Bazin, N., Foster, J. M., Graham, P., Park, N., Rosen, P. A., Rothman, S. R., Higginbotham, A., Suggit, M., and Wark, J. S.
Subjects: *TANTALUM, *ELASTIC constants, *DIFFRACTION patterns, *SIMULATION methods & models, *SINGLE crystals, *CRYSTAL whiskers
Abstract: The strength of shock-loaded single crystal tantalum [100] has been experimentally determined using in situ broadband x-ray Laue diffraction to measure the strain state of the compressed crystal, and elastic constants calculated from first principles. The inferred strength reaches 35 GPa at a shock pressure of 181 GPa and is in excellent agreement with a multiscale strength model [N. R. Barton et al., J. Appl. Phys. 109, 073501 (2011)], which employs a hierarchy of simulation methods over a range of length scales to calculate strength from first principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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16. Validation of a Turbulent Kelvin-Helmholtz Shear Layer Model Using a High-Energy-Density OMEGA Laser Experiment.

Author: Hurricane, O. A., Smalyuk, V. A., Raman, K., Schilling, O., Hansen, J. E., Langstaff, G., Martinez, D., Park, H.-S., Remington, B. A., Robey, H. F., Greenough, J. A., Wallace, R., Di Stefano, C. A., Drake, R. P., Marion, D., Krauland, C. M., and Kuranz, C. C.
Subjects: *PLASMA turbulence, *HELMHOLTZ equation, *SHEAR (Mechanics), *PHYSICS experiments, *LASER plasmas, *QUANTITATIVE research, *PLASMA density, *INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
Abstract: Following the successful demonstration of an OMEGA laser-driven platform for generating and studying nearly two-dimensional unstable plasma shear layers [Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 056305 (2009); Harding et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 045005 (2009)], this Letter reports on the first quantitative measurement of turbulent mixing in a high-energy-density plasma. As a blast wave moves parallel to an unperturbed interface between a low-density foam and a high-density plastic, baroclinic vorticity is deposited at the interface and a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability-driven turbulent mixing layer is created in the postshock flow due to surface roughness. The spatial scale and density profile of the turbulent layer are diagnosed using x-ray radiography with sufficiently small uncertainty so that the data can be used to constrain turbulent mixing models. The estimated Reynolds number (~106), Liepmann-Taylor scale (~0.5 /¿m), and inner viscous scale (-- 0.17 /¿m) in the postshock plasma flow are consistent with an "inertial subrange," within which a Kolmogorov turbulent energy cascade can be active. An illustration of comparing the data set with the predictions of a two-equation turbulence model in the ARES radiation hydrodynamics code is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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17. Experimental Observations of Laser-Driven Tin Ejecta Microjet Interactions.

Author: Saunders, A. M., Stan, C. V., Mackay, K. K., Morgan, B., Horwitz, J. A. K., Ali, S. J., Rinderknecht, H. G., Haxhimali, T., Ping, Y., Najjar, F., Eggert, J., and Park, H.-S.
Subjects: *ORIGIN of planets, *PARTICLE dynamics, *TIN, *VERY light jets, *X-ray imaging, *JETS (Nuclear physics), *RADIOGRAPHY
Abstract: The study of high-velocity particle-laden flow interactions is of importance for the understanding of a wide range of natural phenomena, ranging from planetary formation to cloud interactions. Experimental observations of particle dynamics are sparse given the difficulty of generating high-velocity flows of many particles. Ejecta microjets are micron-scale jets formed by strong shocks interacting with imprinted surfaces to generate particle plumes traveling at several kilometers per second. As such, the interaction of two ejecta microjets provides a novel experimental methodology to study interacting particle streams. In this Letter, we report the first time sequences of x-ray radiography images of two interacting tin ejecta microjets taken on a platform designed for the OMEGA Extended Performance (OMEGA EP) laser. We observe that the microjets pass through each other unattenuated for the case of 11.7±3.2 GPa shock pressures and jet velocities of 2.2±0.5 km/s but show strong interaction dynamics for 116.0±6.1 GPa shock pressures and jet velocities of 6.5±0.5 km/s. We find that radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the experiments are able to capture many aspects of the collisional behavior, such as the attenuation of jet velocity in the direction of propagation, but are unable to match the full spread of the strongly interacting cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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18. Measurement of Kinetic-Scale Current Filamentation Dynamics and Associated Magnetic Fields in Interpenetrating Plasmas.

Author: Swadling, G. F., Bruulsema, C., Fiuza, F., Higginson, D. P., Huntington, C. M., Park, H-S., Pollock, B. B., Rozmus, W., Rinderknecht, H. G., Katz, J., Birkel, A., and Ross, J. S.
Subjects: *MAGNETIC fields, *PLASMA flow, *MAGNETIC traps, *THOMSON scattering, *LIGHT scattering, *COLLISIONLESS plasmas
Abstract: We present the first local, quantitative measurements of ion current filamentation and magnetic field amplification in interpenetrating plasmas, characterizing the dynamics of the ion Weibel instability. The interaction of a pair of laser-generated, counterpropagating, collisionless, supersonic plasma flows is probed using optical Thomson scattering (TS). Analysis of the TS ion-feature revealed anticorrelated modulations in the density of the two ion streams at the spatial scale of the ion skin depth c/ωpi=120 μm, and a correlated modulation in the plasma current. The inferred current profile implies a magnetic field amplitude ∼30±6 T, corresponding to ∼1% of the flow kinetic energy, indicating that magnetic trapping is the dominant saturation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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19. Nonisentropic Release of a Shocked Solid.

Author: Heighway, P. G., Sliwa, M., McGonegle, D., Wehrenberg, C., Bolme, C. A., Eggert, J., Higginbotham, A., Lazicki, A., Lee, H. J., Nagler, B., Park, H.-S., Rudd, R. E., Smith, R. F., Suggit, M. J., Swift, D., Tavella, F., Remington, B. A., and Wark, J. S.
Subjects: *THERMAL strain, *STRENGTH of materials, *TANTALUM, *MOLECULAR dynamics, *X-ray diffraction, *LASER peening
Abstract: We present molecular dynamics simulations of shock and release in micron-scale tantalum crystals that exhibit postbreakout temperatures far exceeding those expected under the standard assumption of isentropic release. We show via an energy-budget analysis that this is due to plastic-work heating from material strength that largely counters thermoelastic cooling. The simulations are corroborated by experiments where the release temperatures of laser-shocked tantalum foils are deduced from their thermal strains via in situ x-ray diffraction and are found to be close to those behind the shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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20. Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reversal of the Microstructural Effects of Plastic Deformation during Shock Release of Tantalum.

Author: Sliwa, M., McGonegle, D., Wehrenberg, C., Bolme, C. A., Heighway, P. G., Higginbotham, A., Lazicki, A., Lee, H. J., Nagler, B., Park, H. S., Rudd, R. E., Suggit, M. J., Swift, D., Tavella, F., Zepeda-Ruiz, L., Remington, B. A., and Wark, J. S.
Subjects: *FEMTOSECOND lasers, *X-ray diffraction, *MATERIAL plasticity
Abstract: We have used femtosecond x-ray diffraction to study laser-shocked fiber-textured polycrystalline tantalum targets as the 37-253 GPa shock waves break out from the free surface. We extract the time and depth-dependent strain profiles within the Ta target as the rarefaction wave travels back into the bulk of the sample. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, the lattice rotation and the twins that are formed under shock compression are observed to be almost fully eliminated by the rarefaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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21. Rashba-like dispersion in buckled square lattices.

Author: Rodin, A. S., Hanakata, P. Z., Carvalho, A., Park, H. S., Campbell, D. K., and Neto, A. H. Castro
Subjects: *RASHBA effect, *ELECTRONIC band structure, *AB initio quantum chemistry methods
Abstract: The band structure of a general class of buckled square lattice materials is investigated using ab initio calculations along with tight-binding modeling. We show that buckling and spin-orbit interaction give rise to a large Rashba-like splitting in the absence of an external electric field. The generality and the robustness of the effect make this class of materials promising candidates for spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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22. Sterile Neutrino Search at the NEOS Experiment.

Author: Ko, Y. J., Kim, B. R., Kim, J. Y., Han, B. Y., Jang, C. H., Jeon, E. J., Joo, K. K., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. S., Kim, Y. D., Lee, Jaison, Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Oh, Y. M., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Seo, K. M., Siyeon, Kim, and Sun, G. M.
Subjects: *STERILE neutrinos, *LIQUID scintillators, *NUCLEAR reactors
Abstract: An experiment to search for light sterile neutrinos is conducted at a reactor with a thermal power of 2.8 GW located at the Hanbit nuclear power complex. The search is done with a detector consisting of a ton of Gd-loaded liquid scintillator in a tendon gallery approximately 24 m from the reactor core. The measured antineutrino event rate is 1976 per day with a signal to background ratio of about 22. The shape of the antineutrino energy spectrum obtained from the eight-month data-taking period is compared with a hypothesis of oscillations due to active-sterile antineutrino mixing. No strong evidence of 3+1 neutrino oscillation is found. An excess around the 5 MeV prompt energy range is observed as seen in existing longer-baseline experiments. The mixing parameter sin2θ14 is limited up to less than 0.1 for Δm241 ranging from 0.2 to 2.3eV2 with a 90% confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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23. Comley et al. Reply.

Author: Comley, A. J., Maddox, B. R., Rudd, R. E., Barton, N. R., Wehrenberg, C. E., Prisbrey, S. T., Hawreliak, J. A., Orlikowski, D. A., Peterson, S. C., Satcher, J. H., Elsholz, A. J., Park, H.-S., Remington, B. A., Bazin, N., Foster, J. M., Graham, P., Park, N., Rosen, P. A., Rothman, S. D., and Higginbotham, A.
Subjects: COMLEY, A. J., MADDOX, B. R., RUDD, R. E., BARTON, N. R., WEHRENBERG, C. E., PRISBREY, S. T., HAWRELIAK, J. A., ORLIKOWSKI, D. A., PETERSON, S. C., SATCHER, J. H., ELSHOLZ, A. J., PARK, H.-S., REMINGTON, B. A., BAZIN, N., FOSTER, J. M., GRAHAM, P., PARK, N., ROSEN, P. A., ROTHMAN, S. D., HIGGINBOTHAM, A., SUGGIT, M., WARK, J. S.
Abstract: A response from the authors of the article "Strength of Shock-Loaded Single-Crystal Tantalum [100] Determined Using in situ Broadband X-Ray Laue Diffraction," in the 2014 issue is presented.
Published: 2014
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24. Spontaneous Polarization and Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Driven by Polar Discontinuity in LaFeO3/SrTiO3 Heterojunctions.

Author: Nakamura, M., Kagawa, F., Tanigaki, T., Park, H. S., Matsuda, T., Shindo, D., Tokura, Y., and Kawasaki, M.
Subjects: *LANTHANUM compounds, *HETEROJUNCTIONS, *POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
Abstract: Structurally coherent and chemically abrupt interfaces formed between polar and nonpolar perovskite oxides provide an ideal platform for examining the purely electronic reconstruction known as the polar catastrophe and the emergence of mobile or bound charges at the interface. The appearance of mobile charges induced by the polar catastrophe is already established in the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterojunctions. Although not experimentally verified, the polar catastrophe can also lead to the emergence of spontaneous polarization. We report that thin films of originally nonpolar LaFeO3 grown on SrTiO3 are converted to polar as a consequence of the polar catastrophe. The induced spontaneous polarization evokes photovoltaic properties distinct from conventional p-n junctions, such as a switching of the photocurrent direction by changing the interfacial atomic sequence. The control of the bulk polarization by engineering the interface demonstrated here will expand the possibilities for designing and realizing new polar materials with photovoltaic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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25. Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment.

Author: Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Allen A, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Archuleta TN, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Arsenlis A, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AAS, Aybar N, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger RL, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Boyle D, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs R, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman TD, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christiansen NS, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins GW, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Danly C, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Do A, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, Drury O, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Durocher M, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Fehrenbach T, Feit M, Felker B, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geddes CGR, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani FR, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Higginson DP, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins LF, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, 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Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Krauland CM, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kur E, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lagin L, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langenbrunner J, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Manuel MJ, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez JI, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, 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Abstract: On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.
Published: 2024
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26. Search for Boosted Dark Matter in COSINE-100.

Author: Adhikari G, Carlin N, Choi JJ, Choi S, Ezeribe AC, França LE, Ha C, Hahn IS, Hollick SJ, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kauer M, Kim BH, Kim HJ, Kim J, Kim KW, Kim SH, Kim SK, Kim WK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Lee DH, Lee EK, Lee H, Lee HS, Lee HY, Lee IS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Lee SH, Lee SM, Lee YJ, Leonard DS, Luan NT, Manzato BB, Maruyama RH, Neal RJ, Nikkel JA, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Park SD, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Cavalcante DFFS, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, and Yu GH
Abstract: We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg·yr exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4 MeV and considering the invisible decay mode. Furthermore, by comparing our results with a previous BDM search conducted by the Super-Kamionkande experiment, we found that the COSINE-100 detector has advantages in searching for low-mass dark matter. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the COSINE-100 detector to search for MeV electron recoil signals produced by the dark sector particle interactions.
Published: 2023
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27. Experimental evidence of early-time saturation of the ion-Weibel instability in counterstreaming plasmas of CH, Al, and Cu.

Author: Manuel MJ, Adams MBP, Ghosh S, Beg FN, Bolaños S, Huntington CM, Jonnalagadda R, Kawahito D, Pollock BB, Remington BA, Ross JS, Ryutov DD, Sio H, Swadling GF, Tzeferacos P, and Park HS
Abstract: The collisionless ion-Weibel instability is a leading candidate mechanism for the formation of collisionless shocks in many astrophysical systems, where the typical distance between particle collisions is much larger than the system size. Multiple laboratory experiments aimed at studying this process utilize laser-driven (I≳10^{15} W/cm^{2}), counterstreaming plasma flows (V≲2000 km/s) to create conditions unstable to Weibel-filamentation and growth. This technique intrinsically produces temporally varying plasma conditions at the midplane of the interaction where Weibel-driven B fields are generated and studied. Experiments discussed herein demonstrate robust formation of Weibel-driven B fields under multiple plasma conditions using CH, Al, and Cu plasmas. Linear theory based on benchmarked radiation-hydrodynamic FLASH calculations is compared with Fourier analyses of proton images taken ∼5-6 linear growth times into the evolution. The new analyses presented here indicate that the low-density, high-velocity plasma-conditions present during the first linear-growth time (∼300-500 ps) sets the spectral characteristics of Weibel filaments during the entire evolution. It is shown that the dominant wavelength (∼300μm) at saturation persists well into the nonlinear phase, consistent with theory under these experimental conditions. However, estimates of B-field strength, while difficult to determine accurately due to the path-integrated nature of proton imaging, are shown to be in the ∼10-30 T range, an order of magnitude above the expected saturation limit in homogenous plamas but consistent with enhanced B fields in the midplane due to temporally varying plasma conditions in experiments.
Published: 2022
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28. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment.

Author: Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AS, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger R, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman T, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins G, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Feit M, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani F, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins L, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KH, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Langenbrunner J, Lagin L, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal C, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, Miller C, Miller D, Miller DS, Miller E, Miller EK, Miller J, Miller M, Miller PE, Miller T, Miller W, Miller-Kamm V, Millot M, Milovich JL, Minner P, Miquel JL, Mitchell S, Molvig K, Montesanti RC, Montgomery DS, Monticelli M, Montoya A, Moody JD, Moore AS, Moore E, Moran M, Moreno JC, Moreno K, Morgan BE, Morrow T, Morton JW, Moses E, Moy K, Muir R, Murillo MS, Murray JE, Murray JR, Munro DH, Murphy TJ, Munteanu FM, Nafziger J, Nagayama T, Nagel SR, Nast R, Negres RA, Nelson A, Nelson D, Nelson J, Nelson S, Nemethy S, Neumayer P, Newman K, Newton M, Nguyen H, Di Nicola JG, Di Nicola P, Niemann C, Nikroo A, Nilson PM, Nobile A, Noorai V, Nora R, Norton M, Nostrand M, Note V, Novell S, Nowak PF, Nunez A, Nyholm RA, O'Brien M, Oceguera A, Oertel JA, Okui J, Olejniczak B, Oliveira J, Olsen P, Olson B, Olson K, Olson RE, Opachich YP, Orsi N, Orth CD, Owen M, Padalino S, Padilla E, Paguio R, Paguio S, Paisner J, Pajoom S, Pak A, Palaniyappan S, Palma K, Pannell T, Papp F, Paras D, Parham T, Park HS, Pasternak A, Patankar S, Patel MV, Patel PK, Patterson R, Patterson S, Paul B, Paul M, Pauli E, Pearce OT, Pearcy J, Pedrotti B, Peer A, Pelz LJ, Penetrante B, Penner J, Perez A, Perkins LJ, Pernice E, Perry TS, Person S, Petersen D, Petersen T, Peterson DL, Peterson EB, Peterson JE, Peterson JL, Peterson K, Peterson RR, Petrasso RD, Philippe F, Phipps TJ, Piceno E, Ping Y, Pickworth L, Pino J, Plummer R, Pollack GD, Pollaine SM, Pollock BB, Ponce D, Ponce J, Pontelandolfo J, Porter JL, Post J, Poujade O, Powell C, Powell H, Power G, Pozulp M, Prantil M, Prasad M, Pratuch S, Price S, Primdahl K, Prisbrey S, Procassini R, Pruyne A, Pudliner B, Qiu SR, Quan K, Quinn M, Quintenz J, Radha PB, Rainer F, Ralph JE, Raman KS, Raman R, Rambo P, Rana S, Randewich A, Rardin D, Ratledge M, Ravelo N, Ravizza F, Rayce M, Raymond A, Raymond B, Reed B, Reed C, Regan S, Reichelt B, Reis V, Reisdorf S, Rekow V, Remington BA, Rendon A, Requieron W, Rever M, Reynolds H, Reynolds J, Rhodes J, Rhodes M, Richardson MC, Rice B, Rice NG, Rieben R, Rigatti A, Riggs S, Rinderknecht HG, Ring K, Riordan B, Riquier R, Rivers C, Roberts D, Roberts V, Robertson G, Robey HF, Robles J, Rocha P, Rochau G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez S, Rosen M, Rosenberg M, Ross G, Ross JS, Ross P, Rouse J, Rovang D, Rubenchik AM, Rubery MS, Ruiz CL, Rushford M, Russ B, Rygg JR, Ryujin BS, Sacks RA, Sacks RF, Saito K, Salmon T, Salmonson JD, Sanchez J, Samuelson S, Sanchez M, Sangster C, Saroyan A, Sater J, Satsangi A, Sauers S, Saunders R, Sauppe JP, Sawicki R, Sayre D, Scanlan M, Schaffers K, Schappert GT, Schiaffino S, Schlossberg DJ, Schmidt DW, Schmitt MJ, Schneider DHG, Schneider MB, Schneider R, Schoff M, Schollmeier M, Schölmerich M, Schroeder CR, Schrauth SE, Scott HA, Scott I, Scott JM, Scott RHH, Scullard CR, Sedillo T, Seguin FH, Seka W, Senecal J, Sepke SM, Seppala L, Sequoia K, Severyn J, Sevier JM, Sewell N, Seznec S, Shah RC, Shamlian J, Shaughnessy D, Shaw M, Shaw R, Shearer C, Shelton R, Shen N, Sherlock MW, Shestakov AI, Shi EL, Shin SJ, Shingleton N, Shmayda W, Shor M, Shoup M, Shuldberg C, Siegel L, Silva FJ, Simakov AN, Sims BT, Sinars D, Singh P, Sio H, Skulina K, Skupsky S, Slutz S, Sluyter M, Smalyuk VA, Smauley D, Smeltser RM, Smith C, Smith I, Smith J, Smith L, Smith R, Sohn R, Sommer S, Sorce C, Sorem M, Soures JM, Spaeth ML, Spears BK, Speas S, Speck D, Speck R, Spears J, Spinka T, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stahl B, Stahoviak J, Stanton LG, Steele R, Steele W, Steinman D, Stemke R, Stephens R, Sterbenz S, Sterne P, Stevens D, Stevers J, Still CB, Stoeckl C, Stoeffl W, Stolken JS, Stolz C, Storm E, Stone G, Stoupin S, Stout E, Stowers I, Strauser R, Streckart H, Streit J, Strozzi DJ, Suratwala T, Sutcliffe G, Suter LJ, Sutton SB, Svidzinski V, Swadling G, Sweet W, Szoke A, Tabak M, Takagi M, Tambazidis A, Tang V, Taranowski M, Taylor LA, Telford S, Theobald W, Thi M, Thomas A, Thomas CA, Thomas I, Thomas R, Thompson IJ, Thongstisubskul A, Thorsness CB, Tietbohl G, Tipton RE, Tobin M, Tomlin N, Tommasini R, Toreja AJ, Torres J, Town RPJ, Townsend S, Trenholme J, Trivelpiece A, Trosseille C, Truax H, Trummer D, Trummer S, Truong T, Tubbs D, Tubman ER, Tunnell T, Turnbull D, Turner RE, Ulitsky M, Upadhye R, Vaher JL, VanArsdall P, VanBlarcom D, Vandenboomgaerde M, VanQuinlan R, Van Wonterghem BM, Varnum WS, Velikovich AL, Vella A, Verdon CP, Vermillion B, Vernon S, Vesey R, Vickers J, Vignes RM, Visosky M, Vocke J, Volegov PL, Vonhof S, Von Rotz R, Vu HX, Vu M, Wall D, Wall J, Wallace R, Wallin B, Walmer D, Walsh CA, Walters CF, Waltz C, Wan A, Wang A, Wang Y, Wark JS, Warner BE, Watson J, Watt RG, Watts P, Weaver J, Weaver RP, Weaver S, Weber CR, Weber P, Weber SV, Wegner P, Welday B, Welser-Sherrill L, Weiss K, Widmann K, Wheeler GF, Whistler W, White RK, Whitley HD, Whitman P, Wickett ME, Widmayer C, Wiedwald J, Wilcox R, Wilcox S, Wild C, Wilde BH, Wilde CH, Wilhelmsen K, Wilke MD, Wilkens H, Wilkins P, Wilks SC, Williams EA, Williams GJ, Williams W, Williams WH, Wilson DC, Wilson B, Wilson E, Wilson R, Winters S, Wisoff J, Wittman M, Wolfe J, Wong A, Wong KW, Wong L, Wong N, Wood R, Woodhouse D, Woodruff J, Woods DT, Woods S, Woodworth BN, Wooten E, Wootton A, Work K, Workman JB, Wright J, Wu M, Wuest C, Wysocki FJ, Xu H, Yamaguchi M, Yang B, Yang ST, Yatabe J, Yeamans CB, Yee BC, Yi SA, Yin L, Young B, Young CS, Young CV, Young P, Youngblood K, Zacharias R, Zagaris G, Zaitseva N, Zaka F, Ze F, Zeiger B, Zika M, Zimmerman GB, Zobrist T, Zuegel JD, and Zylstra AB
Abstract: For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.
Published: 2022
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29. Extreme Hardening of Pb at High Pressure and Strain Rate.

Author: Krygier A, Powell PD, McNaney JM, Huntington CM, Prisbrey ST, Remington BA, Rudd RE, Swift DC, Wehrenberg CE, Arsenlis A, Park HS, Graham P, Gumbrell E, Hill MP, Comley AJ, and Rothman SD
Abstract: We study the high-pressure strength of Pb and Pb-4wt%Sb at the National Ignition Facility. We measure Rayleigh-Taylor growth of preformed ripples ramp compressed to ∼400 GPa peak pressure, among the highest-pressure strength measurements ever reported on any platform. We find agreement with 2D simulations using the Improved Steinberg-Guinan strength model for body-centered-cubic Pb; the Pb-4wt%Sb alloy behaves similarly within the error bars. The combination of high-rate, pressure-induced hardening and polymorphism yield an average inferred flow stress of ∼3.8 GPa at high pressure, a ∼250-fold increase, changing Pb from soft to extremely strong.
Published: 2019
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30. Search for a Dark Matter-Induced Annual Modulation Signal in NaI(Tl) with the COSINE-100 Experiment.

Author: Adhikari G, Adhikari P, de Souza EB, Carlin N, Choi S, Djamal M, Ezeribe AC, Ha C, Hahn IS, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kang W, Kauer M, Kim GS, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim NY, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Kudryavtsev VA, Lee HS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Leonard DS, Lynch WA, Maruyama RH, Mouton F, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, and Yu GH
Abstract: We present new constraints on the dark matter-induced annual modulation signal using 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data with a total exposure of 97.7 kg yr. The COSINE-100 experiment, consisting of 106 kg of NaI(Tl) target material, is designed to carry out a model-independent test of DAMA/LIBRA's claim of WIMP discovery by searching for the same annual modulation signal using the same NaI(Tl) target. The crystal data show a 2.7 cpd/kg/keV background rate on average in the 2-6 keV energy region of interest. Using a χ-squared minimization method we observe best fit values for modulation amplitude and phase of 0.0092±0.0067 cpd/kg/keV and 127.2±45.9 d, respectively.
Published: 2019
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31. First Direct Search for Inelastic Boosted Dark Matter with COSINE-100.

Author: Ha C, Adhikari G, Adhikari P, Barbosa de Souza E, Carlin N, Choi S, Djamal M, Ezeribe AC, Hahn IS, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kang W, Kauer M, Kim GS, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim NY, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Kudryavtsev VA, Lee HS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Leonard DS, Lynch WA, Maruyama RH, Mouton F, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, and Yu GH
Abstract: A search for inelastic boosted dark matter (IBDM) using the COSINE-100 detector with 59.5 days of data is presented. This relativistic dark matter is theorized to interact with the target material through inelastic scattering with electrons, creating a heavier state that subsequently produces standard model particles, such as an electron-positron pair. In this study, we search for this electron-positron pair in coincidence with the initially scattered electron as a signature for an IBDM interaction. No excess over the predicted background event rate is observed. Therefore, we present limits on IBDM interactions under various hypotheses, one of which allows us to explore an area of the dark photon parameter space that has not yet been covered by other experiments. This is the first experimental search for IBDM using a terrestrial detector.
Published: 2019
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32. Transition from Collisional to Collisionless Regimes in Interpenetrating Plasma Flows on the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Ross JS, Higginson DP, Ryutov D, Fiuza F, Hatarik R, Huntington CM, Kalantar DH, Link A, Pollock BB, Remington BA, Rinderknecht HG, Swadling GF, Turnbull DP, Weber S, Wilks S, Froula DH, Rosenberg MJ, Morita T, Sakawa Y, Takabe H, Drake RP, Kuranz C, Gregori G, Meinecke J, Levy MC, Koenig M, Spitkovsky A, Petrasso RD, Li CK, Sio H, Lahmann B, Zylstra AB, and Park HS
Abstract: A study of the transition from collisional to collisionless plasma flows has been carried out at the National Ignition Facility using high Mach number (M>4) counterstreaming plasmas. In these experiments, CD-CD and CD-CH planar foils separated by 6-10 mm are irradiated with laser energies of 250 kJ per foil, generating ∼1000 km/s plasma flows. Varying the foil separation distance scales the ion density and average bulk velocity and, therefore, the ion-ion Coulomb mean free path, at the interaction region at the midplane. The characteristics of the flow interaction have been inferred from the neutrons and protons generated by deuteron-deuteron interactions and by x-ray emission from the hot, interpenetrating, and interacting plasmas. A localized burst of neutrons and bright x-ray emission near the midpoint of the counterstreaming flows was observed, suggesting strong heating and the initial stages of shock formation. As the separation of the CD-CH foils increases we observe enhanced neutron production compared to particle-in-cell simulations that include Coulomb collisions, but do not include collective collisionless plasma instabilities. The observed plasma heating and enhanced neutron production is consistent with the initial stages of collisionless shock formation, mediated by the Weibel filamentation instability.
Published: 2017
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33. Spontaneous Polarization and Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Driven by Polar Discontinuity in LaFeO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Heterojunctions.

Author: Nakamura M, Kagawa F, Tanigaki T, Park HS, Matsuda T, Shindo D, Tokura Y, and Kawasaki M
Abstract: Structurally coherent and chemically abrupt interfaces formed between polar and nonpolar perovskite oxides provide an ideal platform for examining the purely electronic reconstruction known as the polar catastrophe and the emergence of mobile or bound charges at the interface. The appearance of mobile charges induced by the polar catastrophe is already established in the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} heterojunctions. Although not experimentally verified, the polar catastrophe can also lead to the emergence of spontaneous polarization. We report that thin films of originally nonpolar LaFeO_{3} grown on SrTiO_{3} are converted to polar as a consequence of the polar catastrophe. The induced spontaneous polarization evokes photovoltaic properties distinct from conventional p-n junctions, such as a switching of the photocurrent direction by changing the interfacial atomic sequence. The control of the bulk polarization by engineering the interface demonstrated here will expand the possibilities for designing and realizing new polar materials with photovoltaic functions.
Published: 2016
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34. Structure and dynamics of colliding plasma jets.

Author: Li CK, Ryutov DD, Hu SX, Rosenberg MJ, Zylstra AB, Séguin FH, Frenje JA, Casey DT, Johnson MG, Manuel MJ, Rinderknecht HG, Petrasso RD, Amendt PA, Park HS, Remington BA, Wilks SC, Betti R, Froula DH, Knauer JP, Meyerhofer DD, Drake RP, Kuranz CC, Young R, and Koenig M
Abstract: Monoenergetic-proton radiographs of laser-generated, high-Mach-number plasma jets colliding at various angles shed light on the structures and dynamics of these collisions. The observations compare favorably with results from 2D hydrodynamic simulations of multistream plasma jets, and also with results from an analytic treatment of electron flow and magnetic field advection. In collisions of two noncollinear jets, the observed flow structure is similar to the analytic model's prediction of a characteristic feature with a narrow structure pointing in one direction and a much thicker one pointing in the opposite direction. Spontaneous magnetic fields, largely azimuthal around the colliding jets and generated by the well-known ∇T(e)×∇n(e) Biermann battery effect near the periphery of the laser spots, are demonstrated to be "frozen in" the plasma (due to high magnetic Reynolds number Re(M)∼5×10(4)) and advected along the jet streamlines of the electron flow. These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of colliding plasma jets.
Published: 2013
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35. Performance of high-convergence, layered DT implosions with extended-duration pulses at the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Smalyuk VA, Atherton LJ, Benedetti LR, Bionta R, Bleuel D, Bond E, Bradley DK, Caggiano J, Callahan DA, Casey DT, Celliers PM, Cerjan CJ, Clark D, Dewald EL, Dixit SN, Döppner T, Edgell DH, Edwards MJ, Frenje J, Gatu-Johnson M, Glebov VY, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Grim G, Haan SW, Hammel BA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hicks DG, Hsing WW, Izumi N, Jones OS, Key MH, Khan SF, Kilkenny JD, Kline JL, Knauer J, Kyrala GA, Landen OL, Le Pape S, Lindl JD, Ma T, MacGowan BJ, Mackinnon AJ, MacPhee AG, McNaney J, Meezan NB, Moody JD, Moore A, Moran M, Moses EI, Pak A, Parham T, Park HS, Patel PK, Petrasso R, Ralph JE, Regan SP, Remington BA, Robey HF, Ross JS, Spears BK, Springer PT, Suter LJ, Tommasini R, Town RP, Weber SV, and Widmann K
Abstract: Radiation-driven, low-adiabat, cryogenic DT layered plastic capsule implosions were carried out on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to study the sensitivity of performance to peak power and drive duration. An implosion with extended drive and at reduced peak power of 350 TW achieved the highest compression with fuel areal density of ~1.3±0.1 g/cm2, representing a significant step from previously measured ~1.0 g/cm2 toward a goal of 1.5 g/cm2. Future experiments will focus on understanding and mitigating hydrodynamic instabilities and mix, and improving symmetry required to reach the threshold for thermonuclear ignition on NIF.
Published: 2013
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36. Onset of hydrodynamic mix in high-velocity, highly compressed inertial confinement fusion implosions.

Author: Ma T, Patel PK, Izumi N, Springer PT, Key MH, Atherton LJ, Benedetti LR, Bradley DK, Callahan DA, Celliers PM, Cerjan CJ, Clark DS, Dewald EL, Dixit SN, Döppner T, Edgell DH, Epstein R, Glenn S, Grim G, Haan SW, Hammel BA, Hicks D, Hsing WW, Jones OS, Khan SF, Kilkenny JD, Kline JL, Kyrala GA, Landen OL, Le Pape S, MacGowan BJ, Mackinnon AJ, MacPhee AG, Meezan NB, Moody JD, Pak A, Parham T, Park HS, Ralph JE, Regan SP, Remington BA, Robey HF, Ross JS, Spears BK, Smalyuk V, Suter LJ, Tommasini R, Town RP, Weber SV, Lindl JD, Edwards MJ, Glenzer SH, and Moses EI
Abstract: Deuterium-tritium inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated yields ranging from 0.8 to 7×10(14), and record fuel areal densities of 0.7 to 1.3 g/cm2. These implosions use hohlraums irradiated with shaped laser pulses of 1.5-1.9 MJ energy. The laser peak power and duration at peak power were varied, as were the capsule ablator dopant concentrations and shell thicknesses. We quantify the level of hydrodynamic instability mix of the ablator into the hot spot from the measured elevated absolute x-ray emission of the hot spot. We observe that DT neutron yield and ion temperature decrease abruptly as the hot spot mix mass increases above several hundred ng. The comparison with radiation-hydrodynamic modeling indicates that low mode asymmetries and increased ablator surface perturbations may be responsible for the current performance.
Published: 2013
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37. Hot-spot mix in ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion targets.

Author: Regan SP, Epstein R, Hammel BA, Suter LJ, Scott HA, Barrios MA, Bradley DK, Callahan DA, Cerjan C, Collins GW, Dixit SN, Döppner T, Edwards MJ, Farley DR, Fournier KB, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Golovkin IE, Haan SW, Hamza A, Hicks DG, Izumi N, Jones OS, Kilkenny JD, Kline JL, Kyrala GA, Landen OL, Ma T, MacFarlane JJ, MacKinnon AJ, Mancini RC, McCrory RL, Meezan NB, Meyerhofer DD, Nikroo A, Park HS, Ralph J, Remington BA, Sangster TC, Smalyuk VA, Springer PT, and Town RP
Abstract: Mixing of plastic ablator material, doped with Cu and Ge dopants, deep into the hot spot of ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion implosions by hydrodynamic instabilities is diagnosed with x-ray spectroscopy on the National Ignition Facility. The amount of hot-spot mix mass is determined from the absolute brightness of the emergent Cu and Ge K-shell emission. The Cu and Ge dopants placed at different radial locations in the plastic ablator show the ablation-front hydrodynamic instability is primarily responsible for hot-spot mix. Low neutron yields and hot-spot mix mass between 34(-13,+50) ng and 4000(-2970,+17 160) ng are observed.
Published: 2013
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38. Construction of an optimal witness for unknown two-qubit entanglement.

Author: Park HS, Lee SS, Kim H, Choi SK, and Sim HS
Abstract: Whether entanglement in a state can be detected, distilled, and quantified without full state reconstruction is a fundamental open problem. We demonstrate a new scheme encompassing these three tasks for arbitrary two-qubit entanglement, by constructing the optimal entanglement witness for polarization-entangled mixed-state photon pairs without full state reconstruction. With better efficiency than quantum state tomography, the entanglement is maximally distilled by newly developed tunable polarization filters and quantified by the expectation value of the witness, which equals the concurrence. This scheme is extendible to multiqubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement.
Published: 2010
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39. Surface alignment and anchoring transitions in nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal.

Author: Nazarenko VG, Boiko OP, Park HS, Brodyn OM, Omelchenko MM, Tortora L, Nastishin YA, and Lavrentovich OD
Abstract: The surface alignment of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals can not only be planar (tangential) but also homeotropic, with self-assembled aggregates perpendicular to the substrate, as demonstrated by mapping optical retardation and by three-dimensional imaging of the director field. With time, the homeotropic nematic undergoes a transition into a tangential state. The anchoring transition is discontinuous and can be described by a double-well anchoring potential with two minima corresponding to tangential and homeotropic orientation.
Published: 2010
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40. Proton radiography of a shock-compressed target.

Author: Ravasio A, Romagnani L, Le Pape S, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Cecchetti C, Batani D, Boehly T, Borghesi M, Dezulian R, Gremillet L, Henry E, Hicks D, Loupias B, MacKinnon A, Ozaki N, Park HS, Patel P, Schiavi A, Vinci T, Clarke R, Notley M, Bandyopadhyay S, and Koenig M
Abstract: In this paper we report on the radiography of a shock-compressed target using laser produced proton beams. A low-density carbon foam target was shock compressed by long pulse high-energy laser beams. The shock front was transversally probed with a proton beam produced in the interaction of a high intensity laser beam with a gold foil. We show that from radiography data, the density profile in the shocked target can be deduced using Monte Carlo simulations. By changing the delay between long and short pulse beams, we could probe different plasma conditions and structures, demonstrating that the details of the steep density gradient can be resolved. This technique is validated as a diagnostic for the investigation of warm dense plasmas, allowing an in situ characterization of high-density contrasted plasmas.
Published: 2010
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41. Experimental demonstration of X-ray drive enhancement with rugby-shaped hohlraums.

Author: Philippe F, Casner A, Caillaud T, Landoas O, Monteil MC, Liberatore S, Park HS, Amendt P, Robey H, Sorce C, Li CK, Seguin F, Rosenberg M, Petrasso R, Glebov V, and Stoeckl C
Abstract: Rugby-shaped hohlraums have been suggested as a way to enhance x-ray drive in the indirect drive approach to inertial confinement fusion. This Letter presents an experimental comparison of rugby-shaped and cylinder hohlraums used for D2 and D3He-filled capsules implosions on the Omega laser facility, demonstrating an increase of x-ray flux by 18% in rugby-shaped hohlraums. The highest yields to date for deuterium gas implosions in indirect drive on Omega (1.5x10{10} neutrons) were obtained, allowing for the first time the measurement of a DD burn history. Proton spectra measurements provide additional validation of the higher drive in rugby-shaped hohlraums.
Published: 2010
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42. Direct density measurement of shock-compressed iron using hard x rays generated by a short laser pulse.

Author: Brambrink E, Wei HG, Barbrel B, Audebert P, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Boehly T, Endo T, Gregory CD, Kimura T, Kodama R, Ozaki N, Park HS, and Koenig M
Abstract: We present the application of short-pulse laser-driven hard x rays (>40 keV) for the direct density measurement of iron compressed by a laser-driven shock. By using an on-shot calibration of the spectral absorption, we are able to obtain line densities with 5%-10% precision, although the x-ray source is not monochromatic. We also discuss possibilities for increasing the precision, which would be an improvement for equation of state measurements.
Published: 2009
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43. Hohlraum-driven mid-Z (SiO2) double-shell implosions on the omega laser facility and their scaling to NIF.

Author: Robey HF, Amendt PA, Milovich JL, Park HS, Hamza AV, and Bono MJ
Abstract: High-convergence, hohlraum-driven implosions of double-shell capsules using mid-Z (SiO2) inner shells have been performed on the OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. These experiments provide an essential extension of the results of previous low-Z (CH) double-shell implosions [P. A. Amendt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 065004 (2005)] to materials of higher density and atomic number. Analytic modeling, supported by highly resolved 2D numerical simulations, is used to account for the yield degradation due to interfacial atomic mixing. This extended experimental database from OMEGA enables a validation of the mix model, and provides a means for quantitatively assessing the prospects for high-Z double-shell implosions on the National Ignition Facility [Paisner, Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)].
Published: 2009
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44. Hohlraum-driven ignitionlike double-shell implosions on the omega laser facility.

Author: Amendt PA, Robey HF, Park HS, Tipton RE, Turner RE, Milovich JL, Bono M, Hibbard R, Louis H, Wallace R, and Glebov VY
Abstract: High-convergence ignitionlike double-shell implosion experiments have been performed on the Omega laser facility [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] using cylindrical gold hohlraums with 40 drive beams. Repeatable, dominant primary (2.45 MeV) neutron production from the mix-susceptible compressional phase of a double-shell implosion, using fall-line design optimization and exacting fabrication standards, is experimentally inferred from time-resolved core x-ray imaging. Effective control of fuel-pusher mix during final compression is essential for achieving noncryogenic ignition with double-shell targets on the National Ignition Facility [Paisner, Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)].
Published: 2005
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