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The authors examine whether the growth of the Internet has reduced the effectiveness of government regulation of advertising. They combine nonexperimental variation in local regulation of offline alcohol advertising with data from field tests that randomized exposure to online advertising for 275 different online advertising campaigns to 61,580 people. The results show that people are 8% less likely to say that they will purchase an alcoholic beverage in states that have alcohol advertising bans compared with states that do not. For consumers exposed to online advertising, this gap narrows to 3%. There are similar effects for four changes in local offline alcohol advertising restrictions when advertising effectiveness is observed both before and after the change. The effect of online advertising is disproportionately high for new products and for products with low awareness in places that have bans. This suggests that online advertising could reduce the effectiveness of attempts to regulate offline advertising channels because online advertising substitutes for (rather than complements) offline advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on legal developments relating to the regulation unfair competition in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author includes information about a legal proceeding involving Warner-Lambert Company, during which the U.S. Federal Trade Commission announced that it had the power to issue and enforce corrective advertising orders. The American Pharmaceutical Association is discussed in relation to an antitrust lawsuit. Busch Jewelry Company, Incorporated is mentioned in regards questionable nonadvertising promotional methods. The company is accused of refusing to cater to the needs of Spanish speaking clientele.

The article reports on legal developments pertaining to the regulation of unfair competition in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author includes information about a U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ruling regarding the promotion of psychic surgery by travel agencies. The agency Travel King, Incorporated and others were found to have been misrepresenting psychic surgery in order to promote tours to the Philippines. A trade regulation proposed by the FTC regarding automobile fuel economy claims is discussed. In terms of nonadvertising promotional methods, the FTC has ordered the funeral service provider Service Corporation, International to pay restitution to customers it overcharged.

The article reports on legal developments relating to the regulation of channels of distribution in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author includes information about the court cases Schott Enterprises, Incorporated et al. v. PepsiCo, Incorporated, et al. and Borman's, Incorporated v. Great Scott Super Markets, Incorporated in relation to operating features of marketing institutions. Tyson's Corner Regional Shopping Center is discussed in relation to the Federal Trade Commission Act. News pertaining to exclusive dealing arrangements is also provided.

This article reports on consumer awareness with regards to legal issues relating to the marketing industry in the U.S. The author focuses on legal developments associated with U.S. Federal Trade Commission rulings that relate to deceptive advertising practices and credit reporting. A research study focusing on consumers and attorneys illustrates that neither group has an appropriate knowledge of basic consumer rights. The author suggests information resources that can be utilized to make consumers aware of their rights.

The article reports on legal developments relating to the regulation of unfair competition in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author includes information about the court case of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission v. National Commission on Egg Nutrition in connection with deceptive advertising practices. Legal issues regarding a misleading product demonstration initiated by the Bristol Myers Company and its marketing agency, Ogilvy & Mather, are discussed. News related to sales promotions is included. Legal development pertaining to trademarks are also mentioned.

The article reports on legal developments relating to the regulation of monopolistic methods in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author includes information about actions made by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission in regards to questionable marketing practices. The Supreme Court cases Connell Construction Company, Incorporated v. Plumbers and Steamfitters Local Union No. 100, 95 S and Fredrickson v. Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith are discussed in relation to collusive practices. The court case Tower Tire and Auto Center v. Atlantic Richfield Company is mentioned in connection to anticompetitive exclusion tactics.

The article reports on information about the nature of consumer problems. The authors focus on data retrieved during a study of calls received by a hot line for consumers that functioned during a five-week span in 1971.The data is used identify problem areas in specific business enterprises. The data is also used for consumer profiling purposes. Many of the calls received by the hot line were pertaining to product performance, product maintenance, product warranty, product delivery, and product transaction issues. Consumers with lower incomes tended to complain about product damage. Government regulations associated with deceptive advertising practices are also discussed.

The article reports on legal developments related to the regulation of monopolistic methods in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author provides information about the U.S Supreme Court case of the United States v. ITT-Continental Baking Company in relation to the topic of market control. The court case of Bray v. Safeway Stores, Incorporated, et al. is discussed in connection with a conspiracy relating to collusive practices. The court case Telex v. IBM is mentioned as an example of market exclusion tactics.

The article reports on legal developments related to the regulation of product characteristics in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author provides information about an investigation initiated by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regarding the warranty practices of the used car industry. The FTC is investigating advertisements associated with a wrinkle treatment known as The New You. An FTC investigation into packaging and labeling used in advertisements for the house plant industry is discussed in relation to a violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act.

The article reports on a method used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to define and assess deceptive advertising. The author focuses on misleading advertising associated with the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S. A definition of misleading advertising is provided. It is suggested that consumers are the primary line of defense against deceptive advertising. Ambiguous terminology associated with the verbal content and context of misleading advertisements is identified and examined.

The article reports on one component of the legal process associated with consumer protection in the U.S. The author focuses on identifying the appropriate level of punishment for convicted perpetrators of deceptive acts related to the marketing of consumer goods. It is suggested that codes of conduct implemented by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission are no longer entirely effective as preventative measures. The inefficiency of corrective advertising regulations is examined. Class action lawsuits are also discussed.

Recent increases in FTC activity have created a new environment for the advertising strategist. Unfortunately, unclear guidelines and case-by-case decisions have provided him with little direction in adapting to this environment. This article reviews recent commission rulings and presents recommendations on how the firm might market its products fairly so as to lessen the prospect of FTC action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past 15 years, the U.S. Supreme Court has used Central Hudson Gas v. Public Service Commission (1980) to expand significantly the power of the government at all levels to regulate advertising and other promotional activities. As a result, first amendment protection for commercial speech has steadily diminished. In this article, Supreme Court decisions subsequent to Central Hudson are reviewed to provide an update of Cohen's (1978) work. In addition, the current standard for identifying commercial speech is analyzed, and managerial recommendations are made to guide managers who are responsible for making promotional decisions in this increasingly restricted area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While marketing theorists emphasize the importance of negotiating favorable exchange agreements with powerful external stakeholders, such as regulatory agencies or trade associations, little attention has been given to the nature of these exchange processes or to the role that the marketing function assumes in this process. Extending the political economy framework, the concept of the parallel political marketplace is offered for exploring the exchange relationships that span both economic and political market domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in marketing appears to be increasing in all East bloc countries, and Romania is no exception. The context within which marketing activities currently take place there is presented, and a socialist Romanian version of the marketing concept is proposed. Examples of the application of the concept, both in Romania and in two other socialist countries with less central planning, are provided. Except for a portion still in the experimental stage, the Romanian model appears to fit well the marketing reality of the three socialist countries examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews current advertising case law and its implications for advocacy communication, as well as relevant image/issue advertising regulatory decisions by the FTC, FCC, and IRS. In an effort to minimize the chilling effect of this regulation, the authors offer guidelines aimed at assisting communication managers charged with designing effective campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrective advertising is one of the most controversial regulatory proposals made in recent years. This article provides an in-depth look at this FTC program, analyzes the theory behind FTC's management of this power, and reviews research findings. It then proposes a significant change in the program to make it more equitable and efficient than in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising substantiation has been a source of considerable agitation to advertisers and agencies for the past decade. This study investigated what changes occurred in print advertisements following the inception of the FTC program. The results indicate that the number of attribute claims may have decreased somewhat and the types of evidence supporting claims have changed, but that the level of informativeness in magazine ads has not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author investigates the effectiveness of selected credibility enhancement devices in increasing the intent to purchase a brand which has a unique attribute, but is advertised by a firm with no reputation in the specific product category. The credibility enhancers tested are documentation of advertising claims, advertising self-regulation, and government regulation. Findings of the study demonstrate that implementation of these credibility enhancers can be valuable in bolstering a firm's influence and overcoming a no-reputation liability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors analyze the issue of comparative price advertising from a behavioral perspective. Because public policy recognizes that comparative pricing may lead to consumer misperceptions, the authors review the regulatory setting and pose several research questions that need to be addressed. A complex experiment and replication examining some of these questions is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents U.S. legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of unfair competition. In reference to advertising the American Home Products Corp. v. Federal Trade Commission case is cited. In 1970 the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a report on automobile warranties. The same year the FTC issued an enforcement policy concerning the use and advertising of coupons in consumer product packages.

Behavioral science research has uncovered various facets of consumer behavior that have significance in setting standards for protection from advertising abuse. This article suggests that the Federal Trade Commission take note of the behavioral characteristics of the consumer and amend its regulatory framework accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on legal developments relating to the regulation of product characteristics in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author includes information about an investigation of the company Idea Research & Development initiated by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The National Dynamics Corporation is discussed in relation to deceptive advertising practices. Guidelines issued by the FTC with regards to the packaging, labeling, and sale of consumer goods such as automobiles and jewelry are also mentioned.

The article reports on legal developments related to the regulation of unfair competition in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author provides information about questionable practices associated with Horizon Corporation and AMREP Corporation in connection with powers granted to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) by way of the Magnuson-Moss Act. Deceptive advertising practices employed by the carpet retailer the Theodore Stephen Company, Incorporated are discussed in relation to FTC regulations.

The article presents U.S. legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. In reference to price discrimination the Harbor Banana Distributors, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission, the National Auto Brokers Corp., et al. v. General Motors Corp., et al., the Ambook Enterprises v. Time Inc., et al., and the James Freeman v. Chicago Title and Trust Company cases are mentioned among others. In reference to resale price maintenance the Capital Temporaries of Hartford, Inc. et al. v. The Olsten Corp. and the Alabama Optometric Association et al. v. The Alabama State Board of Health et al. cases are cited. In reference to price control the James Milonas et al. v. Amerada Hess Corp. case is cited.

The authors find no evidence that consumers benefit from government-mandated disclaimers in advertising. Experiments and common experience show that admonishments to change or avoid behaviors often have effects opposite to those intended. The authors examine 18 experimental studies that provide evidence relevant to mandatory disclaimers. Mandated messages increased confusion for consumers and were ineffective or harmful in the 15 studies that examined perceptions, attitudes, or decisions. The authors conduct an experiment on the effects of a government-mandated disclaimer for a Florida court case, showing two advertisements for dentists offering implant dentistry to 317 participants. Only one advertiser had implant dentistry credentials. Participants exposed to the disclaimer recommended the advertiser who lacked credentials more often, and women and less-educated participants were particularly prone to this error. In addition, participants drew false and damaging inferences about the credentialed dentist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing use and abuse of sex in French advertising prompted strong reactions from consumer and feminist associations and resulted in extensive and strict public and private controls. Recently, the French self-regulatory system developed a system involving various stakeholder organizations to analyze social trends related to the acceptability of sexually oriented advertisements, develop new voluntary guidelines, solicit complaints, and handle them through an independent jury. Subsequently, the number and proportion of controversial advertisements has significantly decreased, and French advertising practitioners have been nudged to accept greater professional responsibility in exchange for the freedom of creativity to which they aspire. A few U.S. developments parallel this increasing cooperation between the public and private controllers of the old issue of 'taste and decency in advertising,' which has not faded in societal importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on legal developments relating to procedural and miscellaneous developments in the field of marketing in the U.S. The author provides a list of advertising practices for which the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has devised regulations. The aforementioned practices include deceptive sales promotions, deceptive product demonstrations, and pyramid sales. The court case Gifford-Hill and Company, Incorporated v. FTC is mentioned in relation to a violation of the antimerger law. The FTC guidelines are outlined in the documents "Economic Report on Vertical Integration in the Cement Industry" and "Enforcement Policy with respect to Vertical Mergers in the Cement Industry."

The article presents legal developments in marketing relating to the regulation of unfair competition, specifically advertising. A case involving The Kroger Co. is discussed in which the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ordered that the firm may conditionally use survey-based price comparison advertisements. Amendments to that order made by the FTC are detailed, including a 'sunset provision' dictating that the order will expire on a specified date. In a case involving AHC Pharmacal, Inc. et al., the FTC has agreed to partially remove a corrective advertising requirement order filed against the company.

The article presents legal developments in marketing relating to the regulation of unfair competition. Regarding advertising, a case involving General Transmissions Corp of Washington is discussed, involving charges of false advertising issued by the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The case "Frank Silbert and Sibco Products Co., Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission," is discussed, involving an FTC order to cease and desist from certain advertising practices. A case involving Parents' Magazine Enterprises Inc. is also discussed, in which the FTC issued an advisory opinion concerning the responsibility and authority of media concerning advertising.

The article presents legal developments in marketing related to the regulation of product characteristics. Regarding product standards, the Television Picture Tube Trade Regulation Rule is discussed, in which the United States Federal Trade Commission's (FTC's) regulations for the size of television picture tubes is detailed. Regarding packaging and conditions of sale, the Designation of Imported Woolen Fabrics in Advertising is discussed, in which the FTC advised that failure to disclose the country of origin of imported woolens may result in charges of violating the FTC Act.

The article deals with the popularity of direct-to-consumer nutritional supplement advertising campaigns in the U.S. Although there are no rules requiring nutritional supplements to follow prescription-drug guidelines in their advertising, companies are prohibited from claiming these products can cure diseases or dysfunctions. They can, however, make general claims that supplements can improve health or well-being. LifeKey Healthcare Inc. produces Enzyte, a product unregulated by the Food and Drug Administration's guidelines on advertising. While Lifekey makes no claim that Enzyme can increase a man's penis size, it does claim it can lead to fuller erections and a better sex life, statements that have led to the product's advertisements to be pulled on CNBC for failure to meet the network's standards.