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The post-harvest processing aspect requires an innovation so that the industry can maximize revenue. One of them is porang tubers where the price of porang began to fall in the market. The Porang tuber processing industry which is domiciled in Banyuwangi produces in Mojokerto. The purpose of this research is that later the porang industry in Banyuwangi will be able to produce porang tuber flour on a local scale. The stages of this research include conducting initial analysis for innovation development, conducting machine design. Then proceed to machine assembly and porang flour machine testing. The result of this research is the innovation of a porang tuber siege machine with a capacity of 1 ton and powered by a diesel motor. It has an average speed of 2800 rpm. Performance tests of the engine show a relationship between an increase in average speed and an increase in capacity. The yield value of porang tuber more than 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) is a variable reluctance stepping machine designed to efficiently convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The SRM was selected for this research because it has high efficiency and reliability. In addition, the machine is robust and cost effective. The SRM is an alternative to other types of machines for its applications, especially for starter generators. The SRM's rotors do not generate significant heat, resulting in a simple cooling process. In addition, SRMs are known for their high reliability and ability to operate in four quadrants for a variable speed drive. Despite their great advantages, SRMs have not been widely used until recently because of their problems with torque ripples and noise. This research focuses on Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) to model 12/10 SRM. The objective of this research is to generate static simulation results from the FEMM software and determine the flux-linkage and torque-current profile. Torque ripple results were compared with the previous topology (12/8 SRM). The torque ripple generated by 12/8 and 12/10 SRM is 7.57% and 6.02% respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the torque ripple generated by the 12/10 SRM is lower than that generated by 12/8 SRM. Based on these results, the 12/10 SRM can be used for starter-generator applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the processing engineering and application of a screw press in the crude palm oil industry. The screw press is a machine designed to extract oil from palm fruit fibre and nut, aiming to minimize oil losses in the fibre. However, excessive pressure in the screw press can lead to broken nuts, negatively impacting oil quality. The objective is to determine the optimal pressure that ensures minimal oil losses while adhering to industry standards. The study reveals a logarithmic relationship between screw press pressure and oil losses, meanwhile, relationship between pressure and broken nut was polynomial. The industry standard sets a maximum oil loss limit of 5% and a broken nut limit of 15%. Therefore, finding the appropriate pressure is crucial for achieving optimal results in crude palm oil extraction. This study obtained 60 bar as optimum pressure from mathematical analysis. This research contributes to the understanding of processing engineering techniques in the palm oil industry and aids in enhancing oil yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the appropriate machine rotation parameters concerning corn parameters (corn diameter and length) in optimizing shelling efficiency, shelling capacity, and shelling quality in a two-hopper corn shelling machine. The research method began with the design and fabrication of the machine, machine testing, measurement of corn characteristics (corn diameter and length), determination of machine rotations (1200, 2000, 2800, and 3600 rpm), data collection for shelling efficiency, shelling capacity, and shelling quality measurements, and data analysis of the test results. The initial data for the two-hopper corn shelling machine testing were as follows: a) Diameter of the front shelling chamber is 85 mm, b) Diameter of the rear shelling chamber is 55 mm, c) Length of the shelling chamber is 300 mm, and d) The distance of the shelling knives from the front of the shelling chamber is 210 mm. It is possible to draw the following conclusion from studies on the two-hoper system corn shelling machine: 1). The corn's diameter significantly impacts the effectiveness of shelling. While the shelling efficiency is higher at a corn diameter of 31 to 38 mm at a rotating speed of 2000 rpm, 2800 rpm, and 3600 rpm, it is lower at a corn diameter of 33 to 37 mm at a speed of 1200 rpm. 2). The efficiency and capacity of shelling are significantly impacted by engine speed. The capacity and efficiency of shelling increase with engine speed. 3). 2800 rpm is the proper rotation speed for maximum corn shelling capacity, shelling efficiency, and broken grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid compression machine was designed for simulate the engine combustion phenomenon in order to study its physical and chemical behaviour at specific pressures and temperatures. These research have been conducted to study the effect of biodiesel blending ratio of palm oil biodiesel with butanol additive on combustion and emission. The biodiesel used which were palm oil biodiesel with butanol additive (BU5, BU10, BU15, and BU20) have been injected into the combustion chamber by the used of Denso spray injector. Injection pressure for this research were 80 MPa and 90 MPa at varied ambient temperature of 750K, 850K, and 950K. The result shows as the blending ratio of BU fuels increased, the ignition delay became shorter at low injection pressure. Short ignition delay let complete combustion process to occur which good for engine performances. This condition ensure that enough energy can be produced due to good fuel conversion efficiency. However, variant ambient temperature does not quite affecting the BU fuel performances but do affect other biodiesel in terms of ignition delay and emission at low injection pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to design a cleaning machine for ornamental fish containers that consider customer needs and Indonesian body postures. A good machine design fulfilled customer needs and did not cause side effects, such as musculoskeletal disorders. The Maritime and Fisheries Ministry encouraged decorative fish cultivation programs to improve Indonesia's economy. This program was supported by fisheries research policy on strengthening innovation technology to support Maritimes and Fisheries sustainable development. The container's cleanliness is one of the requirements for the success of ornamental fish cultivation. Therefore, keeping the cleanliness of the fish container is needed. This study aimed to design a cleaning machine using ergonomic principles and customer needs gained from Kansei Engineering. The results from Kansei Engineering were realized on machine features such as brush cleaner, stainless and iron as a material, automatic controller, and electric power supply. RULA was used to analyze the ergonomic factor of cleaner machine design. From Catia Software, the simulation of operator position to the machine form angles: arm 19˚; forearm 65˚; spin forearm 138˚; whole spin 17˚; head 1˚; lumbar 12˚; and thoracic 3˚. It gained a RULA score of two, which means the design was good enough based on ergonomic measurements to avoid musculoskeletal disorder risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary intent of this research work is to decrease the struggle to clean the floors in colleges, hospitals, auditoriums, malls, workshops, etc. The main aim is to design a simple machine for cleaning the floor having wet and dry surfaces. Cleaning is an obligatory part of our day-to-day lives, and during this covid pandemic time, we saw the importance of cleaning. Therefore, this project is beneficial in our everyday lives, it is easy to operate, and it can clean the floors very effectively. This floor-cleaning machine consists of a moisture cotton mop, swiping brushes, wipers, and vacuum cleaner to clean the floor effectively. The fully automatic machines are very expensive, so most companies cannot afford such costly machines. This Floor cleaning machine is designed by keeping the essential considerations for reducing cost and efforts while being environmentally friendly and easy to manage. In recent years, floor-cleaning machines are getting more popular for cleaning large floor areas in minimum time. However, India, which is a developing country, requires a large type of machine to satisfy its cleaning needs. This machine can easily meet the requirements at minimum cost and maximum efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, working of the improved design of the linter machine at the cotton ginning plant is studied from a theoretical way. In this study, the parameters of the brush drum and net surface installed for maximum cleaning of small impurities from the lint product leaving the improved linter machine were determined. In this article, investigations were carried out on the part of the research on determining the useful surface of the net surface and the results were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the analytical studies of the twisting-winding device of the ring-spinning machine are covered. In the course of the study, the theoretical analysis of the studies conducted on changing the design of the ring-spinning machine twisting-winding device, creating a new type of this device, and controlling the quality of yarn in the device. The existing problems in the research on the creation of twisting-winding devices for new construction were identified, and suggestions were given. According to the experiments, the present state of research in the twisting-winding device of the ring-spinning machine is highlighted. During the experiment, the construction and working principle of this new device were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on Indian and Bangladeshi farmers in order to increase productivity and reduce physical labor. The dry fertilizer machine costs an extremely low price that the small farmers of these countries could purchase very easily to enhance their productivity by fertilizing their land faster than before. With this dry fertilizer machine, it takes around 2 hours to fertilize 1 acre of land with 25 kg of urea. Whereas a farmer would use the traditional method, it takes 4 to 5 hours to fertilize the same land with the same amount of fertilizer. So, the dry fertilizer machine could fertilize the same amount of land in half the time as the traditional method. This machine was designed as a backpack-type dry fertilizer spreader to be carried on both shoulders to reduce the cost and be user-friendly. The heavy carrying vehicles would increase the cost a lot, which could not be affordable for the farmers. The dry fertilizer machine is designed in two parts. One is at the top of the tank carrying a dry fertilizer compartment, and the other part is at the bottom. There, the spreading mechanism is settled very well. It is also a minimal-maintenance machine. A farmer could also seed their land by using this machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vending machines are essential since many people depend on them to obtain products quickly. This paper aims to develop an innovative smart vending machine that uses Internet of Things(IoT) to dispense products in a cashless, more secure way and in less time compared to Radio frequency identification(RFID) based vending machines. Materials and Methods: This paper presents an innovative smart vending machine design and implementation with IoT and the NodeMCU module. The design allows accessing the required products via the mobile application. A total of 200 samples are used to verify the performance of the IoT based vending machine. In the vending machine, the products are assembled as per the size and shape for proper dispensing of items. Results: The IoT-based vending machine has an average mean time of 17.5 seconds for dispensing a product and has an accuracy of 90%, whereas RFID-based vending machine has an average mean time of 22.2 seconds for dispensing a product and has an accuracy of 75%. Conclusion: In this paper,it is found that the IoT-based smart vending machine outperforms the RFID-based vending machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of appropriate technology in the community is one of the strategies of the Indonesian Government to increase productivity and value-added products, especially agricultural commodities. Although efforts to develop appropriate technology have become a concern of the Government, previous studies have shown that the level of acceptance and utilization of various appropriate technology needs to be increased. This research aimed to find out user perception of appropriate technology machine design. One hundred fifty-two people were involved. They were instructed to fill out questionnaires using a five-Likert scale. The results showed that users were satisfied with the appropriate technology machine, as indicated by the customer satisfaction index value of 74,97 %. The user's perception of the lowest appropriate technology performance is on attribute accessibility. The user's perception of the highest appropriate technology performance is functionality. It means that the use of appropriate technology machines gives the expected results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of design and development methods, such like Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Failure Mode and Effect Criticality Analysis (FMECA), Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) etc., that are largely applied in the machinery manufacturing industry during product design, leads to more efficient products. In machinery design and manufacturing process, not only machine efficiency, but also high level of safety should be achieved. Machinery risk assessment requirement is explicitly stated in EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC [1]. For risk and potential failure reduction, integration of design and development methods with risk assessment techniques should be done. All design and development methods (FMEA group methods, DFMA method etc.) and risk assessment techniques are interdependent. Reduction or elimination of a potential failure mode leads to lower risk and higher safety of the machinery. At the same time, eliminating the failure mode at the early stage of machine design in the framework of risk assessment procedure, higher machine efficiency shall be guaranteed at lower cost. In addition, optimizing the design of the machine, applying DFMA method, leads to the smaller number and more efficient machine components. Thus, the smaller number of uncertainties is considered in risk analysis and lower risk levels are available. However, the process of simultaneous application of design and development methods and risk assessment techniques is poorly explained. Design and development methods and risk assessment are often used separately due to the lack of analysis and explanation of both methods integrated application. Some important aspects of these methods integration are investigated to provide information for integrated application and methods improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication discusses the main schemes of practice that are used for the initial setup of a machining center. The sources that make a mistake in solving this task have been revealed. Analytically, the types of errors are determined, according to the way they manifest themselves, as components in the formation of the total error. They were evaluated by type, size, degree of influence and possibilities for avoidance or restriction. For the practical application of the study, the specific numerical values must be taken into account. They may be different depending on the design features of the machining center and its current state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Artificial intelligence (AI) affects almost every field of modern technologies. The Machine learning is used as one of the most successful methods for developing AI. The Machine learning techniques combine mathematics and software development practices. The development experience at the architecture and design level can be encapsulated as patterns, to be reused and the expert experience to be brought to all developers in this relatively new technology. Design patterns are available in the domain of machine learning too. The research aim is to study the design patterns and to discover the advantages and disadvantages of their application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major goal of this project is to present farmers with a novel idea in reading assistance technology. The fundamental criterion for a sowing machine is that it should be reliable and suited for all types of farms and corporations. Therefore, we developed a sowing machine that can be operated via a mobile application, which saves farmer labour, increases planting efficiency, and lessens issues related to manual planting. With this device, we may plant seeds of all types and sizes. Additionally, this improved the precision and efficacy of planting. We produced it using raw materials, making it extremely affordable and practical for small-scale farmers. We streamlined the design of the machine to make it easier for any farmer or untrained person to operate. Its manner of adjusting and maintaining was also made simpler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the small-sized equipment package is presented, where the base machine was a gravity-forced mixer for the preparation of high-quality polystyrene-concrete mixture with the addition of fiber elements and its further use in production. All equipment included in the package works with the same production when combining operations over time. The design of the basic machine - the mixer working in the cascade mode is resulted. Dependencies to determine the main performance of machines (production, power), which show their relationship to each other are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handmade products are very fashionable these days. However, manual work does not always make sense. In many cases, the use of the machine allows you to improve work, improve efficiency, productivity, increase quality, and reduce physical effort of the employee. One such case is the process of quilting cushions that are part of upholstered furniture. The quilting process requires a lot of effort from the worker, so designing a machine that would assist this process is desirable. The quilting process uses a needle through which the fabric must be pierced. The design of the machine involves the use of an actuator that will pierce the fabric with a needle. Choosing the right actuator requires measuring the forces necessary to pierce the fabric. This article presents the results of needle the study of piercing fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of design optimization is to find a technically feasible design of machinery, respectively its parts as the best solution of all possible. The optimal result is quantified through the extreme value of a suitably selected objective function while adhering to the constraint conditions defined by the designer. The objective function is often presented as the weight of the optimized design, resp. its volume. We also encounter tasks where the objective function is price, in which case the functions defined in the restrictive conditions are also affected. Depending on the type of engineering problem, the objective function can also be the value of maximum deformation or stress. In the case of dynamics, this can be prescribed the eigenvalues of the dynamic system, etc. In the paper, the authors present selected methods of discrete optimization in terms of the mass minimization of truss and beam structures subject to the limiting condition of limited fatigue life. The load of the structure is modelled by the forces in the given nodes and directions and the number of operating cycles with the appropriate load period. The calculation of fatigue damage accumulation was performed by applying the Corten-Dolan hypothesis. The whole calculation process was realized in MATLAB using a files compiled by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most potato planters are devices that perform only one agrotechnical process. On the other hand, on the Polish and European market of agricultural machinery, there is a demand for planters that simultaneously plant and dress potatoes. When analyzing scientific publications, the benefits of the treatment procedure can be observed. As part of this work, it was undertaken to design a dressing machine mounted on a AKPIL planter from Pilzno. Before starting the design process, an analysis of the available dressing machine solutions was made, and on this basis, 3 design solution concepts of design solutions were proposed. These concepts were scored on the basis of the adopted criteria and the one with the highest number of points was selected. For the selected concept, strength simulation calculations using the finite element method (FEM) were performed. The developed dressing machine design is innovative and pro-ecological compared to other available constructions because it allows 50% less chemical agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue failure is one of the failure modes that commonly should be considered in machine component design. This study aims to estimate the fatigue stress concentration factor of 6061 aluminum alloy for a solid bar with various grooves numerically. A solid aluminum bar with a diameter of 8 mm and various groove radii between 1.00 mm to 8.00 mm was used during the simulation performed by commercial software. A completely rotating bending fatigue loading (R=−1) was carried out during simulation by applying various alternating stresses. The simulation results show that the fatigue stress concentration factor decreases as the ratio of groove radius to the bottom of the groove (r/d) increase. A decrease in the ratio of large bar diameter to small bar diameter (D/d) also causes a reduction in the fatigue stress concentration factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to produce a CNC-based batik plotter machine with a sturdy and more precise construction, which allows the machine to follow the batik pen and produce the right programming tools. The design used the Pahl and Beitz method, absolute programming methods, and research and development methods. CNC-based batik plotter dimension was 500 mm x 450 mm x 300 mm with an image field area of 300 mm x 300 mm, using an aluminum frame v-slot profile and Everman belt-drive transmission. The batik pen had a tube capacity of 34 cm3, using Arduino uno microcontroller, MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor, cable type heating element, temperature stabilizer, 16x2 LCD monitor module, and I2C module. Stepper motor drive programming used the Universal G-Code Sender application. This batik plotter used a batik pen that could flow batik wax at the right temperature without any spilling at the end of the batik pattern line, the line size varied from 0.98 to 4 mm. The neatest line strike occured at a speed variation of 25,25,400 step/mm with temperature variations of 75 °C and 80 ° C and line thickness of 1 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee is an important type of drink for some people around the world, because has a distinctive taste, a plantation product that plays an important role in economic activity in Indonesia. Coffee is also one of Indonesia's export commodities which is quite important as s source of foreign exchange in addition to oil and gas. In addition to more open export opportunities, the domestic coffee market is still quite large, so that coffee is in great demand by the majority of people around the world. This study aims to make a design to reduce the sap content of coffee beans after stripping, so that the sun drying process does not require a long time. It is hoped that this machine can really work in accordance with the hopes and desires of the farmers, as well as to increase higher prices, which include analyzing problems, conceptualizing design, making function block schemes, calculating loads, selecting materials, until getting a working drawing. The design method used in the sap content reduction machine and the method is called the French design method. This tool is a machine with dimensions of length, width and height, respectively 1120 x 395 x 445 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-kneader is widely used in the plastic industry for compounding of shear and temperature sensitive materials, due to its high mixing performance and its exact temperature control capabilities. The design of the machine, however, is still predominantly carried out by trial-and-error based experimental work. One reason for this is that, in contrast to other extruders, only few process models and no simulation programs are available for the kneader. To address this problem, we already have developed a basic analytical model in previous work. With this model, the melt transport and the melting process in the kneader can be described. Building on this work, a comparison of simulation and experimental investigation of the melting behavior for different process points and configurations of the co-kneader was conducted and is presented in this paper. The simulation results show a satisfactory agreement with experimental results when the start of melting, as assumed in the model, coincides with the material backlog before the first fully filled kneading element. However, the presented experimental investigations also show that this assumption is not true for all configurations considered. In particular, if the kneader is operated without a constriction ring at the end of the intended plasticizing zone, for polyethylene only a plastic deformation of the pellets occurs, but no melting. The start of melting will therefore be investigated in future work, as a function of the particle diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze motions by using an ergonomics study in a Thai traditional gypsum powder (Panglum) dropping process for designing a prototype of a Panglum dropping machine. An analysis of the dropping process points out that the dropping process does not have any work standards, there are lots of wastes of non-productive motions, and operators always have fatigue problems because of a repetition of activities in the workflow. An ergonomics study is used as a research tool to analyze the causes of the problems. The risk assessment, by using a Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), results that the current Panglum dropping process has a very high risk, as a level of 11. This means the process has to be improved immediately. Additionally, the process study shows that there are lots of defects that are divided into Grade B and Grade C products. These grade B and C products result in an opportunity cost of about 988,000 Thai baht per month. To reduce risk and increase productivity in the Panglum dropping process, researchers use a principle of machine design and ergonomics design to analyze all factors involved in the process for designing a prototype of a semi-automatic dropping machine. A feasibility study shows that the use of this dropping machine can help to reduce risks and to increase the quantity of Grade A products. This means the process can respond more to the high demands of a high-end Panglum market. An economic feasibility study shows that a profit per month will be increase about 142. 61% and a payback period of the dropping machine is about 5 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia as the second biggest country with plastic waste encounter serious problems in treating plastic waste. Lack of effective system in treating and recycling plastic waste make this problem more severe. Many efforts have been conducted to solve this problem. One of the solutions is to recycle the plastic waste. This paper discusses the development of an extrusion plastic machine design along with its material selections and cost, and static analysis. The proposed design is established in which the machine frame meets the ergonomics requirements and space optimization. It is also considered that all components and materials to build the machine are available in the market and can be adjusted with the existing conditions. The safety factor for the frame is obtained to be 84, implies that the proposed design has adequate strength. Moreover, by comparing to the extrusion machine available in the marketplace, the proposed extrusion machine can obtain the cost of about IDR 8,703,545. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. Super Plastin is a company that produces various types of plastic bags. Poor layout of production machines causes the distance of moving raw materials to be high. Therefore it will affect the transfer time of raw materials to be increased. The research aims to design a simulation model of machine layout and improve the layout using the Group Technology concept. The first step is to evaluate the layout of the production machine by direct observation to describe the process flow. Then design a simulation model for the layout of the existing conditions. The simulation of the existing conditions resulted in a production time of 7.02 hours for 200 sacks of mixed materials. Validation of the simulation model using actual data shows that the model is valid to represent the actual system. The scenario for improving the layout of the extruder room is to group machines of the same type and place them close together. The production machines consist of 4 mixer machines and 68 extruder machines. The extruder machine consists of 2 types, namely the SP and the GS machine. The SP machine is a small machine capable of making plastic bags with a thickness of 0.14 mm and an average width of 10-15 cm. The GS machine is a machine that is larger than the SP machine so that it is capable of producing plastic bags with a thickness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm and a width of 5 cm to 45 cm. The first scenario puts the GS machine extruder at the front, simulation results in 6.60 hours to produce 200 sacks of mixed material. While the second scenario puts a GT extruder machine in the back, resulting in a simulation time of 6.11 hours to produce 200 sacks of mixed material. Based on the Bonferroni statistical test of average similarity, the average production time of the second scenario is faster than the first scenario and the existing conditions. Therefore the second scenario was chosen as the design of the machine layout improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia, as one of the world's largest population countries, is facing several population-related problems, one of which is an emerging plastic-waste issue. It is predicted that plastic-waste in Indonesia continues to increase by at least 10% every year if not managed properly. A plastic-waste processing machine is, therefore, designed for chopping and melting plastic-waste in an integrated system. However, operators often suffer from pain when operating the machine for its unergonomic design. An analysis using NBM and RULA method, hence, is needed so that working postures complained by the operators can be identified and assessed in order to design a more ergonomic Creatics 2.0 machine using CATIA software and based on anthropometric data. After analyzing and redesigning Creatics, there are several size differences between the new and preceding versions of Creatics in order to create a more ergonomic design of the machine. so that it can reduce the risk that is on the Creatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT.XYZ engages in tire retreating and producing rubber mats. The company operates several machines, i.e., tire crusher and used EPDM Rubber. PT.XYZ has a quality problem, precisely the output of the crusher machine. The crusher machine failed to produce granules in standard size. Crusher machine might need to alter to support the optimal production process. The rational product design method used to modify the crusher machine. We proposed to noble granule separator machine (2,7m x 1,5m x 1,25m). The separator will adopt a special filter to confirm the size of the granule with the standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System modular design is an approach being explored for the next generation of reconfigurable machines, in particular, how to use a minimum number of modules to construct different machine tools for different tasks. In this article, a grammar for the configuration machine tool design is introduced as well as discussed. Machine tool configuration is described as a hypergraph, where edges are the modules and vertices are the interfaces. The modules of the RMT are modeled as multi-point hyperedges, composite of interfaces (nodes) with valency nodes for interaction to adjacent modules and implemented with Object-Oriented (O-O) model. Simple grammars (graph re-writing rules) are written to construct and manipulate graphs for enumerating the non-isomorphic configuration of machine tools with given type and number of modules. It has been shown that the search space for the configuration design is reduced much by finding only non-isomorphic configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-wheat noodles production line was developed to increase productivity. A case study of line balancing was carried out on Aitami SMEs. Aitami SMEs used an extrusion system in the non-wheat noodles production process. There were bottlenecks in the process flow especially on the manual processes of untangling and cutting the noodles which were done by human power. To design the noodle untangling and cutting machine based on the customer's requirements, a preliminary study is required by identifying the design requirements for the machine. The method used in this study is the 1st phase of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) called the House of Quality (HOQ). HOQ is a diagram that connects customer requirements (CRs) with engineering characteristics (ECs). The HOQ is described as a matrix that helps to identify which customer requirements affect engineering characteristics, what the relationship between engineering characteristics (ECs) and the column of weights added below the relationship matrix to indicate which engineering requirement is more important. The HOQ will result in recommendations that should be considered in designing the machine. The data of customer requirements was acquired by the questionnaire. The respondents were those who had practiced or participated in the production of non-wheat noodles. The HOQ analysis revealed that the three highest ranks of ECs were dimension of machine, assembly time, and accuracy with relative weights of 12.3%, 9.8%, and 8.7%, respectively. These ECs will be the main focus of design and critical parameters in the next QFD stage to design the untangling and cutting machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bread-making industry is currently very developed due to the increasing demand for bread by the community, which is used as an alternative staple food. Large-scale enterprises dominate the bread-making industry. MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are unable to compete because of the use of technology in the dough mixing process. This study focuses on product planning for a dough mixing machine using the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method. The planning is based on design, materials, analysis, and equipment and manufacturing process planning. In this study, the method used is Action Research, engineering, and used software is the SolidWorks simulation design. The design of the machine can be used for a mixing capacity of 10 kg and a rotation speed of 40 rpm. The results of the design consist of several main parts, namely the frame, container, stirrer, and motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, we addressed the operational productivity of road machinery — the main criterion linking the life cycle of the road and that of the road machine. Methods. Most road machinery operation studies address such issues as maintaining the technically sound state: reducing the failure rate, optimizing the time and adjusting the frequency of maintenance and repair, etc. However, this is not sufficient for high-quality performance since it depends on many other random factors. An integrated approach is required that, based on the volume of work, would allow us to determine, analyze, and forecast machinery performance. Results. By integrating the values of the planned and actual volume of work, we obtained the values of the planned and actual operational productivity — the necessary and sufficient condition for performing the required volume of work. The locations or days of the month when the required volume of work was not performed in the period under review were determined by the actual utilization factor. Discussion. From a technical point of view, the situation when the values of the planned and actual operational productivity coincide is ideal since in this case the resource balance is ensured to the fullest extent. Possible cases of critical decreases in the operational productivity were analyzed mathematically. Conclusions. The proposed methodology makes it possible to analyze road machinery performance at the operation stage and evaluate road machines during their design, production, and disposal. In this case, it is enough to use in-house resources and mathematical apparatus for scientific analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fixation process is a color locking process with chemical liquids in batik process. Waterglass is one of chemical liquid that is applied to dyed fabrics. The use of waterglass on fabrics is currently in 2 ways, they are with sponge brushing method and with dipping into reservoir of waterglass. Application by sponge brushing has the advantage efficient in using of waterglass but inefficient processing time. The application by dipping directly in the reservoir has the advantage efficient in processing time, but wasteful in using of waterglass. By using the Pahl and Beitz method, a fixation machine designed with more efficient in processing time and efficient in the using of waterglass. The process off Pahl and Beitz method are Plan and Explanation of Tasks, Product Concept Design, Product Shape Design, and Product detail design. A fixation machine with a cloth grinder was produced that worked in conjunction with flushing recycle waterglass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to produce a Double Screw Feeder Extrusion Machine Design Tool for Waste Recycling and to find out the performance results of the PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plastic waste recycling design. The research method used is research using the VDI (Verein Deutcher Ingenieure) 2221 method. The stages of this research were carried out to find out from Design and Build using 4 stages, including: 1) Clarification of the Task 2) Conceptual Design 3) Embodiment Concept and 4) Details Design Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. This research produces a Double Screw Feeder Extrusion Machine with variations in the characteristics of temperature, RPM speed and time. The results of the performance of the Double Screw Feeder Extrusion Machine using temperature variations of 280°C, 270°C, 260°C, variations in RPM speed of 35, 40, 45, and variations in time of 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes. The weight of the material used is 1 kg, the best experimental results are obtained at a temperature of 280°C with a melt yield of 12.28 gr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to design and create a coffee pulper machine that functions to peel coffee cherry beans. The advantage of the coffee pulper machine is that there is a vibrating sieve with an adjustable frequency, by tightening or loosening the (nut) on the fibro motor as a screening between the peeled coffee beans and water mixed during the shell separation process. The design of the coffee pulper machine is based on the needs of farmers or users, which has a large capacity to increase coffee production. The research method used is data collection, coffee pulper machine design using Autodesk Inventor Software, preparation of work preparation, manufacturing process, and work testing. The application of coffee pulper machine can process all raw coffee so that there is no rotting raw coffee and then the quality of the coffee is maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, control algorithm for a type of washing machines with four operation options is presented. On this basis, control program has been synthesized and implemented with the complex programmable logic device (CoolRunner II of Xilinx) in the Ise Design Suite 14.6 software using the hardware description language Verilog HDL. A digital scheme has been generated in RTL Schematic. Some simulation results of the synthesis control of the washing machine in the different modes of operation are shown and discussed. The results obtained can be used for design, implementation, simulation and practical development of such washing machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of this plotter machine aims to create linear and sloping special lines on a flat plane. In this design, Arduino Uno is utilized as a signal reader and programming board, a stepper motor as a driver, a CNC Shield as a connector for each component, and a servo motor as a ballpoint controller. In the initial stage, the sketch is uploaded, further transmitted to the Universal G-Code Sender, progressed to Arduino IDE, to CNC Shield, and lastly to the servo motor to control the up and down motion of the ballpoint. The results of this design indicate that the design of the xy plotter machine has been successfully crafted with special linear and inclined motion utilizing Arduino Uno, evident in successfully generating a special linear motion pattern produced by moving the stepper motor of x and y alternately, along with the special tilted motion driving a stepper motor at the same time. The lines inserted into the program and generated by the plotter machine are in similar size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material presents a schematic and equivalent diagram of a combined crushing machine of various sizes of various dry fruits. The actions of the power mechanisms are mathematically modeled and by a numerical experiment, graphs of linear and angular displacements, speeds and accelerations of various power mechanisms of the combined machine are constructed. The mathematically developed model will help to determine the required geometric dimensions of the combined machine used in the design of this type of machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production improvement is a key to stay in the competitive market for most industries. In most of the scenarios, quality gets compensated while going for productivity improvement. Using proper optimization techniques with multi-objective solution tools we might be able to achieve it. Aluminum 7075 material having wide application in lightweight fields such as aviation especially because of its workability nature is taken for experimentation. Milling is one of the significant machining operations in such applications. Here we have attempted to optimize the milling of Al 7075 with two objectives like improving Material Removal Rate and minimizing Surface Roughness. Experimental machining is designed using Taguchi's design of experiments. The machined data are used to create and analyze the machining operation using the statistical method of calculations. The multi-objective optimization is carried out by Grey relational Analysis and the investigation results are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, femoral neck fracture is common disease in the elderly. It can cut off blood supply and lead to severe joint damage. This can lead to death without intervention. Treatment for femoral neck fractures can be successfully achieved through a bipolar hemi-arthroplasty. This paper presents the design process of artificial hip. Mimics and Solid works software are used to reconstruct the 3D shape of the hip joint. This shape is used to determine of the hip joint geometry. The geometrical dimensions are used to develop the components of the bipolar hip. Then, the bipolar hip will be used for simulation machine and the sample manufacturing steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]