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2. Study on mechanical and electrical properties improvement of insulating paper modified by cellulose nanocrystals.
- Author
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Zhang, Daning, Zhai, Xinnan, Wang, Siyu, Li, Xuan, Xu, Pengjiang, Zhao, Haoxiang, and Zhang, Guan-jun
- Subjects
- *
YOUNG'S modulus , *DOPING agents (Chemistry) , *DIELECTRIC properties , *CONCENTRATION gradient , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *CELLULOSE nanocrystals - Abstract
The mechanical and dielectric properties of transformer insulating paper are key factors that require close attention to ensure optimal operation. In this study, a novel approach of enhancing properties by nanocellulose modification was proposed. To investigate the effect of doping, insulating paper with different doping mass fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was prepared, and multiple properties of the sample were characterized. By applying a doping concentration gradient, the non-monotonic trend in performance with doping levels was revealed, and the impact of doping concentration on the data variability was investigated. The effects of CNC doping on the surface pore size of the samples were analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and a mercury intrusion method, and the regularity of CNC dispersion uniformity with doping concentration was investigated. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller model was employed to fit the water vapor adsorption isotherm data, providing an analysis of the impact of doping on hydrogen bond connections and the moisture adsorption properties. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were measured and analyzed using the Page model and the Halpin–Kardos model. The tensile strength of the 6 wt. % CNC-modified paper was increased by 6.91%. 10 wt. % CNC-modified paper had a Young's modulus increase of 11.98%. 3 wt. % CNC-modified paper has a 28.53% increase in the AC breakdown field strength and an 8.72% increase in the DC breakdown field strength. The influence of CNC on the dielectric properties of the insulating paper was discussed using the Havriliak–Negami (H–N) model. The results indicate that the introduction of CNC can effectively enhance the comprehensive performance of oil-immersed insulating paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Molecular simulation of different types of polysilsesquioxane doped cellulose insulating paper: A guide for special cellulose insulating paper.
- Author
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Zeng, Zhenglin, Tan, Weimin, Deng, Yanhe, Cheng, Quan, Fu, Liuyue, and Tang, Chao
- Subjects
- *
CELLULOSE fibers , *CELLULOSE , *GLASS transition temperature , *MODULUS of rigidity , *BULK modulus , *ELASTIC modulus , *DIELECTRIC properties - Abstract
To develop special insulating paper is of great significance to promote the service life of transformers. Using molecular simulation to guide the development of special insulating paper can greatly reduce the trial-and-error rate and waste of resources in traditional experiments. The effect of different types of polysilsesquioxane (POSS) on cellulose insulating paper was investigated by using molecular simulation. This paper investigated the thermal stability and mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of caged POSS, semi-caged POSS, and ladder-like POSS doped cellulose insulating paper. The results show that POSS with all types can enhance the performance of cellulose insulating paper, and ladder-like POSS possess the best modification effect. The glass transition temperature was increased by 58 K, and the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic modulus of cellulose insulating paper doped with ladder-like POSS can improve up to 27.07%, 45.67%, and 41.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, the dielectric properties of ladder-like POSS modified insulating paper are also significantly improved. The findings of this paper propose a method for the preparation of ladder-like POSS modified insulating paper, which provides theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of special insulating paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Does watermelon rind waste (Citratus Lannatus) have the potential to be an environmentally friendly paper towel?
- Author
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Latif, Antinah, Ardiani, Septia, Rahmayanti, Handika Dany, and Situngkir, Yessy Yerta
- Subjects
PAPER towels ,TENSILE strength ,WATERMELONS ,CHEMICAL properties ,MANUFACTURING processes ,OPTICAL properties - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the preparation and characterization of paper towels from watermelon rind waste. The paper towel manufacturing process had several stages: the drying process, pulping process, bleaching process, and printing process. There were five treatments, including paper towels use of NaOH 2.5 M with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with additives, and paper towels use of 1 NaOH with different drying time (110
o C for 60 minutes with ten days of the natural drying). Several characterizations have been employed, such as physical and mechanical properties and optical and chemical properties. The treatments of paper towels were tested, and the test results were compared with SNI 7891: 2017. From the FTIR test, it was observed that the functional groups formed from paper towels from watermelon rind waste. From the Microscope test, paper towels from watermelon skin should be added with materials with long fibers. Based on Physical and Mechanical Characterization, paper towels comply with the SNI. Based on optical characterization, it complies with the SNI for treatments 4 and 5. Chemical characterization is higher than standard. It can be concluded that the natural paper towels from watermelon rind waste comply with the standard of SNI ISO 7891:2017 about Basic Paper towels within the parameter of grammage and water absorption capacity, Tensile strength except for the parameter of tensile strength, pH extract, and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The thermodynamics investigation of steam power plant Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper Pangkalan Kerinci: An energy and exergy analysis.
- Author
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Yulia, Fayza, Sinaga, Gary, Daris, Miftah, Ra'if, Kato, Dzar, Zaky, Tegar, Ibnu, Ashari, Fikri, Wahyuni, Fitri, Rizal, Reda, and Julian, James
- Subjects
- *
SECOND law of thermodynamics , *PAPER pulp , *PLANT performance , *EXERGY , *ENERGY dissipation - Abstract
The energy and exergy analysis of the Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) Pangkalan Kerinci are described in this article. This article's main goals are to study the system components independently and to locate and quantify the locations with the greatest energy and exergy losses. The analysis with the first law and second law of thermodynamics which are able to observe comprehensively the irreversibility of each component in the system is carried out due to the low efficiency of the steam power plant. The investigation is performed with the actual data obtained from the plant. From the evaluation results, the Pump II Component has the highest Exergetic Efficiency (95%), while the Feed Water Tank (FWT) component has the lowest Exergetic Efficiency (30.68%). The Boiler component has the largest exergy destruction value (454.2548 MW), while the Pump component has the smallest exergy destruction value (0.0006 MW). Next, the FWT component has the largest Exergy Destruction Ratio value (69.32%), while the Pump I component has the smallest Exergy Destruction Ratio (0.79%) at the steam power plant. In addition, the investigation of the ambient temperature effects on the performance of the plant was also carried out. From the results that have been investigated, the ambient temperature significantly affects the performance of each component. Some components are at their best performance when the ambient temperature reaches 23°C and the condenser has the lowest efficiency when the environmental pressure in the power plant reaches 1.5 bar (64.8%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Recycling of waste paper and treatment of wastewater using organic filters - A review.
- Author
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Murugesan, Sandhiya, Ramasamy, Vetturayasudharsanan, Varatharajan, Ragavi, Ilanchelian, Subiksha, and Chandrasekar, Shivaranjith
- Subjects
WASTE treatment ,WASTEWATER treatment ,WATER purification ,RECYCLABLE material ,WASTE paper ,WASTE management ,PAPER recycling - Abstract
Paper is now an integral feature of humanoid existence in a multitude of ways, and it is getting more and more popular. In ordinary life, a massive portion of paper is consumed. The difficulty of finding feedstock is becoming ever more acute as paper consumption rises. This ultimately led to the extraction of resources. Since the demand for paper has skyrocketed, recycling paper has become much more popular. The accumulation of vast quantities of waste paper in any big organization, notably institutions of higher education such as schools and universities, seems to be fairly prevalent. It's also worthwhile to make optimum use of recyclable materials (office files, craft papers, registers, etc.). A recyclable machine will help minimise energy consumption and paper waste. The valuable feature of salvaging would be that it lessens the environmental impact by a couple of percent. The design and fabrication of both humanly and remotely controlled paper recycling programmes are studied using previous literature. producing a lightweight, easily handled composting machinery that can be deployed to ease the process and reduce the cost of paper production. Then the effluents would be treated employing various natural filters due to paper recycling. Hibiscus, gooseberry, and vetiver are being used to treat the contaminated water. All of these constituents operate together to clear the water of surplus particles. Waste water treatment is indeed a process of preventing impurities from effluent and transferring them to an effluent that may be recycled into the water cycle. The process of turning waste water into fresh water that can be dispersed directly into the ecosystem. The effluent holds a variety of natural substances, which may also degrade the overall quality of the water. As nothing more than a corollary, water treatment principally helps to clear debris and other pathogens. The level of trash, which is routinely emitted into the ether, is reduced in terms of treatment of wastewater, boosting the atmosphere's health. In this study, both paper reutilization and waste water treatment studies are carried out using various literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Future of sugarcane bagasse paper: A review.
- Author
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Azmi, Annur Azlin and Othman, Siti Amira
- Subjects
NON-timber forest products ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,BAGASSE ,PAPER industry ,MAGNETIC materials ,WASTE products ,SUGARCANE ,FOOD packaging - Abstract
Generally, development in the pulp and paper industry requires extensive cutting of trees, which in effect contributes to deforestation. The dramatic growth in demand for wood supply, combined with the increasingly increasing cost of timber, has created a surge of interest in the use of non-wood plant fibres for paper production in widely developed countries. The use of waste material in pulping and paper-based industries could be beneficial as it helps prevent the need for disposal, which currently increases agricultural costs and causes environmental deterioration due to pollution and fires. The manufacture of sugarcane bagasse paper may help to minimize deforestation in the development of paper utilizing wood, which also contributes to the creation of biodegradable, biocompatible, and eco-friendly paper utilizing non-wood fibre. This would help the industry to develop sustainable technology in the current economy and environmental order. In the meantime, the magnetic material inside the paper acts as a filler can improves the quality and strength of the paper. While the incorporation of paper radiation will also improve the quality of pulp production, by preventing the presence of fungi on paper. This will be widely used on food wrapping or packaging that is clean is the most important aspect that should be taken to prevent food from being damaged. Biodegradable implies that it can be spontaneously broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi under some circumstances such as temperature, humidity and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Determination of insecticide vector distribution on local production filter paper non-gradient.
- Author
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Meilyanawati, Debora, Sutresno, Adita, Shanti, Made Ray Suci, Setiawan, Andreas, and Setiyaningsih, Riyani
- Subjects
FILTER paper ,INSECTICIDE application ,INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets ,INSECTICIDE resistance ,INSECTICIDES ,CYHALOTHRIN ,PAPER products ,DATA quality - Abstract
The application of insecticides on local product filter paper can be made in three ways: droplet use pipette, manual spray, and printing spray. Insecticides play an essential role in a paper, mainly used for testing susceptibility. The way the insecticide is applied affects the distribution on the paper surface. The purpose of calculating the distribution of insecticides on local filter paper is to determine the amount of insecticide in the cavity volume of ordinary paper. The research aims to get the data quality of impregnated paper local production with various spray techniques. To determine the volume of voids on paper and determine the distribution of insecticides can be using ImageJ software. The type of paper used is locally produced filter paper with insecticide lambda cyhalothrin with a predetermined concentration. The study results showed that with the spray machine method, the distribution of insecticides was more evenly distributed than the standard spray method. The range of paper cavity volumes with a spray machine is shorter than the volume range of paper cavities sprayed manually (0.005113), while those with ordinary sprays are (0.007349). These differences indicate that the spray machine is better than the manual spray method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. An experimental study on utilization of paper pulp and crushed marble dust in M35 grade concrete.
- Author
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Sargunan, K. and Suvarna, M.
- Subjects
PAPER pulp ,INCINERATION ,WASTE paper ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,CRUSHED stone ,GREENHOUSE gases ,AIR pollution ,INDUSTRIAL pollution - Abstract
The demand for cement has grown due to the rapid growth of the building sector. Cement manufacture, on the other hand, produces more greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. As a result, different construction materials must be sought. Paper pulp is made from waste from the paper industry. Every year, the paper industry consumed a significant amount of land in the surrounding area. Some wastes are thrown on land as a disposal method, while some businesses burn their industrial waste in incinerators, causing serious air pollution issues. The impact of employing paper pulp and crushed stone dust as partial replacements in concrete is discussed in this study. The advantages of using paper pulp with crushed stone are explored in this study. Furthermore, this research presents the findings of an experimental inquiry for M35 grade concrete employing wastepaper as an extra ingredient in concrete mixes for housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Study of pulp and paper making characteristic produces from sago fiber waste.
- Author
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Maurila, Talita Dara, Rahmayanti, Handika Dany, Ardiani, Septia, Hastuti, Novitri, and Indrawani, Dian Anggraini
- Subjects
- *
PAPER pulp , *PAPERMAKING , *FIBERS , *TENSILE strength , *CHEMICAL properties - Abstract
This study is about the characterization of pulp and paper from sago fiber waste. The process has several stages: preparing a solution, sago fiber analysis, pulping process, and printing process. The required solutions are NaOH solution (technical), 10% BaCl2 solution, 0.1 N HCl solution, 60% ethanol solution, phenolphthalein indicator solution, 1% starch indicator solution, sindur methyl indicator solution of NaOH titration, borax solution, Na₂S solution (technical), and THIO solution (1 N; 0.1 N). The pulping process is carried out by inserting sago fiber and solutions into a rotary digester machine for 4 hours (170oC). Then, it is removed after 24 hours and dried by a spinner machine. Characterizations on the sample include: chemical and physical properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties. The result shows that sago fiber waste can be used as raw material for paper. The value of grammage of 62 g/m2, thickness of 0.1294 mm, water absorption capacity of 627.27 g/m2, water content of 9.83%, ash content of 26.26%, pH of 7.9, tensile strength of 14.22 MD and 13.33 CD, brightness of 19.8%, and opacity 22.78. The pore diameter of the paper is 4.608 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Stone Paper, an Eco-Friendly and Free-Tree Papers.
- Author
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Indriati, L., Nugraha, M. A., and Perng, Y. S.
- Subjects
HIGH density polyethylene ,STONE ,PAPER ,PLANT fibers ,MANUFACTURING processes ,RAW materials - Abstract
An innovation in paper technology that is totally different from the papermaking technology that has been known now, has been found in the 21st century in China. This new discovery paper does not use cellulose fibers as its raw material, and does not use water at all in its production process. Because it is made of inorganic mineral coming from calcite rocks, this paper is called 'rock paper' or stone paper. The process of stone papermaking in principle mixes fine powder of calcite rock with non-toxic resin, one of which is HDPE (high density polyethylene), as well as other additives, then melted at high temperatures and formed into a sheets like paper. The properties of stone paper are very similar and even have advantages compared to conventional paper. This type of paper is claimed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional paper because it does not use plant fibers as raw material, which means there is no trees cut. It can be recycled and produces low greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Properties and potential use for paper pulp of four less-known hardwoods originated from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia.
- Author
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Lempang, Mody and Pasaribu, Gunawan
- Subjects
- *
PAPER pulp , *HARDWOODS , *JACKFRUIT , *WOOD , *SPECIFIC gravity , *HARDWOOD forests , *BIOMASS conversion - Abstract
Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Effect of fly ash and paper pulp material composition variations on papercrete products using heating method at 110°C for 6 hours.
- Author
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Amin, Muhammad, Handoko, Anton Sapto, Hendronursito, Yusuf, Suka, Ediman Ginting, Nabila, Syendy, and Rajiman
- Subjects
- *
FLY ash , *PAPER pulp - Abstract
Variation of fly ash and pulp paper composition at 110°C for 6 hours was carried out to discern the effect of fly ash and pulp paper addition in papercrete. sixth variations in paper pulp and fly ash composition were employed to perceive the characteristic that occurs in the sample. The papercrete material composition was weighed, mixed until it became homogeneous and then casted in a mold with a size of 18 x 5 x 2 cm3. Papercrete samples were allowed to stand within the mold at room temperature for 24 hours and released from the mold to stand again for the next 24 hours, after which it heated at 110°C for 6 hours. Characterization using XRF, SEM-EDX as well as Mechanical and physical tests carried out after the samples was cold. Papercrete with sample code K6 has the highest flexural strength and density value of 2.03 MPa and 2.4 gr/cm3 while papercrete with sample code K1 has the lowest flexural strength and porosity value of 0.4 MPa and 17.89%. Characterization shows that the chemical composition of the samples was dominated by the oxide compound CaO and SiO2 in papercrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Fabrication of negative magnetostrictive Japanese traditional paper (washi) with cobalt ferrite particles.
- Author
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Kurita, Hiroki, Rova, Lovisa, Keino, Takumi, and Narita, Fumio
- Subjects
- *
MAGNETOSTRICTION , *FERRITES , *COBALT , *JAPANESE language , *WOOD-pulp , *CELLULOSE fibers , *MAGNETIC particles - Abstract
The cellulose fibers that form washi are longer than those of regular paper made from wood pulp. Hence, the mechanical properties of washi can be higher than those of conventional paper. This study evaluated the magnetic, magnetostrictive, and tensile properties of negative magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) particle dispersed handmade washi (washi−CoFe2O4). The CoFe2O4 additives magnetized the washi, which displayed negative magnetostriction with the fiber direction perpendicular to the magnetic field and in the parallel fiber direction. Concerning the mechanical properties, the washi−CoFe2O4 displayed an elongation of up to 77% after yielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Analysis of space charge and current characters of oil-immersed-paper with simultaneous measurement.
- Author
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Ma, Yuntong, Lv, Zepeng, Zhang, Yining, Peng, Jinyang, Ge, Yi, Wu, Kai, and Cheng, Yonghong
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC currents , *DISPLACEMENT currents (Electric) , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *ELECTRIC fields , *OHM'S law , *SPACE charge - Abstract
To study the current response to space charge in oil–paper insulation, a simultaneous space charge and external current measurement system are developed for a solid–liquid sample. The space charge and external current of oil-immersed paper are tested under different applied voltages. In the oil–paper sample, it accumulates heterocharge at 0.25 kV and homocharge at a higher voltage. The external currents first decrease and then increase with time. The changing timepoint decreases with the applied voltage. It shows that dynamic space charge evolution influences external current development. An unusual phenomenon is observed that the charge on both electrodes increases without heterocharge accumulation in a certain time range after voltage application, resulting in an increase in the average electric field. The transient electric field and displacement current at the cathode are calculated according to the amount of surface charge at the cathode. It indicates that displacement current takes up the main part of external current and decreases to zero when the surface charge amount stops increasing. After this stage, the conduction current is almost equal to the external current. The correlation between conduction current and electric field is analyzed. It reveals that when the electric field is lower than 5 kV/mm, the conduction current of oil–paper seems to be linear to the electric field strength, following Ohm's law. When the electric field is higher than 5 kV/mm, the conduction current of oil–paper follows the Fowler–Nordheim law that the ln(jc/E2) is linear to 1/E. The transient external current has great potential in diagnosing electrical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Study of composition of seaweed of the genus Ulva and filter paper made with added algae by SEM-EDX, PIXE and PIGE.
- Author
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Ene, Antoaneta, Căpriță, Florina Cristiana, Pantelică, Ana, and Ceoromila, Alina
- Subjects
FILTER paper ,ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,PAPERMAKING ,MARINE algae ,ULVA ,CERAMIALES ,TOXIC algae - Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from the analyses performed on seaweed and paper made with algal biomass addition using different analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma-ray emission (PIGE). The analyzed samples consisted of seaweed from the Ulva rigida C. Agardh 1823 species collected from the Black Sea coast, Romania, and filter papers with different mass addition (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) of seaweed. Seaweed introduced into the paper can dislodge some of the cellulose fibers, helping to reduce the amount of stranded seaweed that is currently not valorized in Romania. From the analysis of the results, it results that no potential toxic elements have been identified in the algae structure and the algal biomass could be used in the filter paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Performance study on application of electro-coagulation for pulp and paper industry effluent treatment.
- Author
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Marol, Chethan Kumar and Hugar, Guruprasad M.
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,WATER purification ,PERFORMANCE theory ,PAPER mills ,IRON - Abstract
In current work, the paper mill effluent is treated with electro-coagulation used as a iron and aluminum as sacrificial materials. Various operating parameters such as pH, treatment time and applied voltage were assorted and their influence on efficiency of electro-coagulation was studied. From the experimental investigation it has been found out that at optimum operating conditions like pH 7, treatment time 60 min and applied voltage 20V, COD and Turbidity removal efficiency were highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Property evaluation and optimization of recycled paper composition.
- Author
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Mishra, Paritosh, Negi, Prateek, Kanojia, Ravi, Prasad, Brijesh, and Singh, Prem
- Subjects
- *
RECYCLED paper , *WASTE paper , *BOND strengths , *TENSILE strength , *ADHESIVES - Abstract
This work relates to the development of recycled paper from waste paper with the objective of optimization of the composition. The paper properties are much affected with composition like amount of waste paper, fresh paper, cotton shreds, adhesives and water. Samples were made by taking different composites and tests were performed to evaluate properties i.e. thickness, coefficient of friction, moisture content, scott bond strength, tensile strength. The testing concluded that the samples which were having cotton shreds and adhesives showed very good results closer to the fresh paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Investigation on the potential use of waste paper to produce papercrete bricks.
- Author
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Niyomukiza, John Bosco, Odeke, Bernard Joseph, Owori, David, Tiboti, Paul, Kiwanuka, Moses, and Mbujje, Joel Webster
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,BRICKS ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,LOAD-bearing walls ,BUILDING materials industry ,COMPRESSIVE strength - Abstract
A significant demand has been placed on the building material industry, especially in the last decade due to the increasing population, which causes a chronic shortage of building materials. The current study aims at utilizing waste paper to produce papercrete bricks and study their engineering properties, a step towards sustainable development. Papercrete is rapidly gaining popularity in the building construction industry worldwide because of its environmental friendliness, low-cost and lightweight. The study considered literature and related ideas up to conceptualization and design of the trial ratio used in testing. Trial mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement at different proportions made papercrete bricks of dimensions 220×110×102 mm. The tests conducted included compressive strength and water absorption. The mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement in the ratio of 50, 35, and 15%, respectively, gave the best results. The compressive strength increased with the increase in the curing period. The rate at which the papercrete bricks absorbed water reduced as the curing period increased for all the papercrete trial mixes. It was concluded that percentages of paper sludge less than 50% are recommended for non-load bearing walls such as parapet walls and partition walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Method for using natural silk fibers for producing valuable grade paper.
- Author
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Alimova, Khalimakhon, Bulanov, I. A., Umurzakova, Khalima, and Sobirov, Kuziboy
- Subjects
- *
COTTON fibers , *PAPER pulp , *NANOFIBERS , *NATURAL fibers , *SPIDER silk , *RAW materials , *FIBERS - Abstract
The article examines the structure of silk fibers and ways of efficient use of fiber waste. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the fibers, it is possible to use them for paper production. The use of short staple fibers in the production of stock paper and the processes of preparing them for incorporation into paper pulp are widely covered. Information is provided on the technological process of cleaning fibers before adding them to paper pulp. The influence of the mass fraction of fibers in paper on its strength, breaking and tearing has been thoroughly analyzed and illustrated by means of graphs. For the production of high-quality paper, for example, valuable paper, for the preparation of paper used in printing, drawing, painting, etc. Fiber semi-finished products must be cut to the required length and separated into individual fibrils before crushing (grinding). The technology of preparation of natural silk waste as raw material for paper production is presented. In addition to silk fiber cotton fiber was also studied in the research work. Theoretically, the effect of fibers in tearing and breaking of paper is shown in the pictures. The use of fibers in the production of anti-counterfeiting paper and the process of adding them to the pulp are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Development of a paper shearing machine using geneva mechanism.
- Author
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Kumar, Ranjith S., Kaushik, Nitish, Kumar, Sangeeth M., Dhananjayan, T., and Vigneshwar, Raj T.
- Subjects
SHEARS (Machine tools) ,PAPER arts ,CUTTING machines ,PRODUCTION planning ,MANUAL labor ,EXERCISE equipment ,PAPER industry - Abstract
The target of this idea is to plan the paper cutting machine utilizing Geneva component. This machine is utilized to decrease the manual work of paper cutting, and furthermore efficient. This machine is exceptionally valuable for paper fabricating industry likewise we can keep away from the human blunders and it can be used in schools, collages stationary shops, paper stores, etc. This project is designed by chain drive, Geneva mechanism, paper cutter, hinge joint and spring. This machine will minimize the errors occurred while cutting papers using hands and it will also reduce the risk of paper cutting.Thisventures is fixated on the plan and manufacture of an Automatic paper cutting machine utilizing some privately discovered materials. Paper is one of the significantly utilized material in our everyday exercises in bringing data's down essential data's, it is vital that there is a machine that can deal with it at a homegrown level to give the ideal structure for different use.The machine is tried and the yield is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Obtaining paper based on cellulose from low grades of lint in combination with waste.
- Author
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Sayfutdinov, Ramizitdin and Mukhitdinov, Umid
- Subjects
CELLULOSE ,WASTE paper ,PAPER products - Abstract
There is a shortage of paper and paper products in Uzbekistan. In this regard, this work presents the results of studies of the possibility of obtaining paper from cotton cellulose and using cotton cellulose in combination with waste paper. Were studied methods of making prototypes of paper from cotton cellulose obtained from different varieties of cotton linti, as well as from a mixture of this cellulose in combination with waste paper at different ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Determination of bactericidal effect of piper betel leaf extract on bacteria by filter paper disc method to check antimicrobial efficacy.
- Author
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Mohammed Ali, S. P. and Pan, Ieshita
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *ETHANOL , *DISTILLED water , *BACTERIAL growth , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *EXTRACTS - Abstract
Effect of a natural compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf by determining bactericidal and or bacteriostatic effect to check antimicrobial efficacy on the pathogenic microorganisms. Bioactive compound extracted in different solvents i.e distilled water, ethanol, and methanol, and its effectivity was determined by measuring the zone of clearance (1 group and 96 samples per group by keeping threshold 0.05 and G power 80%, coincidence interval 95%, and enrollment ratio as 1) by agar diffusion method using kanamycin (30) as a control for the different time period (24 Hrs, 48Hrs and 72Hrs) at 37°C. Promising results were found for the zone of clearance in Escherichia.coli with a significance of about P<0.001 in the ethanol extract after 72 hours of incubation. Compared to 10% extract application where growth of S.aureus was reduced to 4%, addition of 100% crude inhibits bacterial growth up to 95% approximately. For S.aureus and E.coli though ethanol extract was found effective however no significant effect was observed for inhibiting Pseudomonas. Novel bioactive compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf was found effective against pathogens and can be used as a natural component with antimicrobial efficacy in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Assessing the potential utilization of super teak for furniture, flooring, veneer, pulp paper and wood pellets.
- Author
-
Indrawan, D. A., Damayanti, R., Ozarska, B., Illic, J., Pari, G., Krisdianto, Dewi, L. M., Pari, R., Agustiningrum, D. A., Adi, D. S., Sofianto, I. A., Djarwanto, and Rahmanto, R. G. H.
- Subjects
WOOD pellets ,WOOD-pulp ,PAPER pulp ,WOOD floors ,TEAK ,WASTE paper ,EUCALYPTUS - Abstract
Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The influence of aging time and moisture content on the tensile strength of transformer bushing insulating paper.
- Author
-
Dai, Quanmin, Mu, Guowei, Tan, Fuwen, Chen, Huidong, You, Xianggang, Liu, Yanxia, and Cheng, Guang
- Subjects
TENSILE strength ,BUSHINGS ,MOISTURE ,DIELECTRIC strength ,TRANSFORMER insulation ,ELECTRIC transformers ,POWER transformers ,INSULATING oils - Abstract
The parameter of tensile strength for transformer bushing insulating paper occupies an important position in the structural design and life evaluation of transformer bushing. In order to precisely achieve the effect of aging time and moisture content on the tensile strength of transformer bushing paper, transformer insulating paper samples with a thickness of 0.13 mm were prepared for tensile strength and dielectric strength testing under different moisture contents and aging states. The results show that the tensile strength (MPa) of insulating paper decreases linearly in the range of 0–648 h under accelerated thermal aging at 130 °C. However, there is a more serious exponential decline in the tensile strength (MPa) of insulation paper with its moisture content is boosted. The moisture content in insulation paper is the most important factor for insulation paper deterioration in oil-impregnated paper insulation equipment, which could accelerate the end of insulation service life. The value of capacitance increment ΔC of the insulation paper samples displayed closely linear growth with a moisture content from 0.5% to 5.9%. Strictly controlling the moisture content by monitoring the ΔC value of transformer insulation paper is of significance for prolonging its service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The effect of spent coffee grounds in increasing the calorific value of waste paper briquettes.
- Author
-
Kamal, Dianta Mustofa, Susanto, Iwan, Zainuri, Fuad, Nufus, Tatun H., and Maulidya, Galuh Ineza
- Subjects
BRIQUETS ,WASTE paper ,COFFEE grounds ,WOOD waste ,CHARCOAL - Abstract
Briquettes produced from scrap paper are known for their low calorific value. The calorific value of briquettes from waste paper is in the fourth rank after waste wood, charcoal, and sawdust. Therefore, the correct ratio of composition mixture to create a higher calorific value is required. Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) has been selected as an added material in the composition of biomass mixture since SCG has a high calorific value and is easily found. The purpose of the study is to find the correct ratio that may increase the calorific value of the bio-briquettes made of scrap paper, based on comparative testing and analysis. There are four composition mixture samples used in the study. The first composition mixture is 90% of scrap paper and 10% adhesive; the second one is 70% of scrap paper, 20% of SCG, and 10% adhesive; the third composition mixture is 50% of scrap paper, 40% of SCG, 10% of adhesive; and the fourth composition mixture includes 30% of scrap paper, 60% of SCG and 10% of adhesive. The study shows that the greater ratio of SCG used in the composition will result in a higher calorific value. The research concludes that briquettes achieve their best performances in the composition mixture of 40% of SCG. In the proposed ratio, briquettes are not brittle and produce 5.366 kcal/kg of calorific value; 6.58% of water content; 5.37% of ash content; 28.28% of volatile matter; and 8.91% of shatter index. Therefore, the studied composition can be considered to produce the most efficient biomass briquettes made from scrap paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Possibility of removing residual optical brightening agents in paper-based cultural artefacts contaminated with offset OBAs.
- Author
-
Huang, Hsiao-Ju, Li, I.-Cheng, Huang, Bo-Wun, and Wu, Han-Chung
- Subjects
OPTICAL brighteners ,WATER damage ,COMMUNITIES ,POSSIBILITY ,CORAL bleaching ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,DAYLIGHT ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
This study explores the possibility of removing residual optical brighteners in paper, caused by the migration of OBAs from commercially available papers through water during an instance of water damage. From the standpoint of conservation treatment, this OBA removal experiment was conducted in the hope of providing a treatment method for the removal of OBAs as a reference point for the conservation community. This study presents an example case of removing offset OBAs, and the results of the removal experiment are discussed in order to explore the feasibility of the proposed treatment method. The results demonstrated that the removal of offset OBAs using a compatible conservation treatment is feasible. A combination of daylight bleaching with alkaline water and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is recommended, and the time of exposure to sunlight should be shortened as much as possible if performed on a bright, sunny day. However, performing such treatment on the actual cultural artefact will require careful assessment with regards to necessity and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Microfluidic paper analytic device (μPAD) technology for food safety applications.
- Author
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Soman, Soja Saghar, Samad, Shafeek Abdul, Venugopalan, Priyamvada, Kumawat, Nityanand, and Kumar, Sunil
- Subjects
- *
FOOD science , *FOOD safety , *MICROFLUIDICS , *FOOD industry , *FOOD quality , *POISONS - Abstract
Foodborne pathogens, food adulterants, allergens, and toxic chemicals in food can cause major health hazards to humans and animals. Stringent quality control measures at all stages of food processing are required to ensure food safety. There is, therefore, a global need for affordable, reliable, and rapid tests that can be conducted at different process steps and processing sites, spanning the range from the sourcing of food to the end-product acquired by the consumer. Current laboratory-based food quality control tests are well established, but many are not suitable for rapid on-site investigations and are costly. Microfluidic paper analytical devices (μPADs) are a fast-growing field in medical diagnostics that can fill these gaps. In this review, we describe the latest developments in the applications of microfluidic paper analytic device (μPAD) technology in the food safety sector. State-of-the-art μPAD designs and fabrication methods, microfluidic assay principles, and various types of μPAD devices with food-specific applications are discussed. We have identified the prominent research and development trends and future directions for maximizing the value of microfluidic technology in the food sector and have highlighted key areas for improvement. We conclude that the μPAD technology is promising in food safety applications by using novel materials and improved methods to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the assays, with low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The impact of paper sludge waste on physical & mechanical properties of cementitious materials.
- Author
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Vaičienė, Marija, Banevičienė, Vilma, and Malaiškienė, Jurgita
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *MECHANICAL behavior of materials , *ULTRASONIC testing , *PAPERMAKING , *LIME (Minerals) - Abstract
The global production of paper is on the rise, thus leading to increasing amounts of waste in different stages of paper manufacture. Paper sludge waste is the most abundant and there is a big potential to reuse it after appropriate processing. This research paper analyses paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in terms of mineral composition, particle density and water demand in cement-based mixtures, as well as the effect of paper sludge waste on the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and mineral composition of cement-based specimens. In the cement paste mixtures 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of cement was replaced with paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The ratio between water and solid substances was 0.35. Gehlenite and calcium oxide were found to prevail in the mineral composition of paper sludge waste, whereas water demand of cement-based mixture incorporating paper sludge waste increased 30%. The intensity of XRD curves revealed that a higher content (more than 7.5%) of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the mix increases the amount of portlandite and reduces the amounts of cement minerals: alite and belite. An empirical equation was drawn on the grounds of statistical analysis to calculate the compressive strength according paper sludge waste content fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The correlation and determination factors more than 0.9 demonstrate that the change of compressive strength in relation to paper sludge waste content can be described by the second degree polynomial equation and the optimum content of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the cement matrix is 5%. The highest density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of cement stone specimens after 28 days of curing were obtained of specimens containing 5% paper sludge waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Recycling the Waste of Paper into Usable Board.
- Author
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Naeem, Usama J. and Almtori, Safaa A. S.
- Subjects
PAPER recycling ,CARDBOARD ,WASTE paper ,NATURAL resources ,IMPACT testing ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality - Abstract
The recycling of waste paper conserves our natural resources and will retrieve environmental quality. Concentrate on recycling waste paper into the usable board will benefit plants and the environment. This research depends on the investigation of manufacturing of usable board from waste paper. This manufacturing board can use instead of the board which manufactures from ordinary wood. On the other hand, it protected the forest and eliminates waste that harms the environment. This research illustrates the efficiency of our manufacturing board material by using mechanical tests and comparing it with a board manufactured by two types of ordinary wood and Medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Also, comparing the heat isolation between them. In this project, we use three types of waste paper: white, yellow envelope and newspaper. This waste paper produced our new board material. Our samples were manufactured with dimensions of 10*10 cm and 2 cm thickness. Different amount of waste paper and white glue was investigated to produce a batter board. Our study for the manufactured board materials demonstrated that a white paper sample was the battery on hardness and tensile test. However, yellow envelope samples were more efficient in the impact test than other samples. Moreover, yellow envelope samples were the better one between our samples in heat isolation. Mainly, the waste of paper and white glue was the cheapest to manufacture boards than using ordinary wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. High enhancement, low cost, large area surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates all by atomic layer deposition on porous filter paper.
- Author
-
Niu, Feng, Hu, Yimin, LeKarz, Stephen, and Lu, Wei
- Subjects
SERS spectroscopy ,ATOMIC layer deposition ,FILTER paper ,SURFACE plasmon resonance ,RAMAN scattering ,SURFACE area - Abstract
We successfully developed an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for making Ag noble nanoparticles on cheap, commercial filter paper consisting of three-dimensional porous glass fibers and investigated the evolution of Ag nanostructures with some key process parameters. By tuning Ag particle sizes and controlling the cycle numbers of ALD deposited Ag films, we were able to obtain high-density isolated Ag nanoparticles with average sizes in 3–9 nm without the formation of agglomerates and continuous Ag films. We proved the presence of strong localized surface plasmon resonance peaks near a target wavelength of 632 nm. We further proved the presence of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals on the Ag coated filter paper substrates using pyridine as the test analyte. Our results demonstrate that ALD is a very promising technique for a rational design of SERS substrates and, thus, has great potential for the fabrication of large-area, low-cost SERS substrates for future commercial applications, as compared to other existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Influences of the vibration frequency and phase of the core of ultra-high voltage shunt reactors on suspended discharge in oil-paper insulation.
- Author
-
Yu, Hua, Liu, Hong, Li, Shuai, Liang, Jizhong, and Niu, Shu
- Subjects
- *
SHUNT electric reactors , *FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems , *COUPLINGS (Gearing) , *VOLTAGE , *ELECTRODES - Abstract
Severe vibration of the core of ultra-high voltage (UHV) shunt reactors under operating conditions often leads to the occurrence of suspension electrode, and such a suspended discharge defect will destroy the oil-paper insulation. It is necessary to investigate the influence of vibration on suspended discharge when determining the best operating condition of UHV shunt reactors. The vibration frequency of the suspension electrode and the phase difference between the applied voltage and the vibration are studied by simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that the phase difference between the voltage and the vibration parameters will lead to an increase in the surface maximum field strength. The distortion of the field intensity caused by several typical vibration frequencies of reactor vibration is ranked (in ascending order) thus: 100, 300, 50, and 200 Hz. There is a coupling relationship between the phase difference and the vibration frequency on the suspended discharge, which will lead to an inconsistency between the field intensity and each single factor. The partial discharge test results of the collision between the suspension electrode and the high-voltage electrode show that the discharge generated by vibration at 100 Hz is much higher than that at other frequencies, followed by those at 300 and 50 Hz, and the discharge generated by vibration at 200 Hz is very small. When the phase difference of voltage advance vibration is between 0° and 90°, the quantity of local discharge is large. When the phase difference is between 90° and 180°, the local discharge is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Effect of papaya latex bio-activators on the morphological changes of recycled pulp fiber and paper properties: A progress towards green technology.
- Author
-
Anisa, Nurfa, Darmadi, Djarot B., Sugiono, Ngafwan, Waluyo, Budi, and Wardana, I. N. G.
- Subjects
PAPER pulp ,GREEN technology ,PAPAYA ,NANOFIBERS ,LATEX ,LIQUID waste ,WATER storage - Abstract
It is essential to use enzymes as a substituting chemical to enhance the properties of pulp and paper. However, there is a limited match between the material and the enzymes applied. Therefore, this research aims to increase pulp and paper properties enzymatically by adding papaya latex bio-activator in the recycled pulp process using the hydrolyzing method. The results showed that this bio-activator made the fiber bulky due to the storage of more water in the pulp, thereby expanding the fiber surface, which facilitated tearing and increasing fibrillation in the refining process. This process led to changes in the surface morphology of fiber and structure of pulp fibers, which were determined from the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test. It also increased fiber fibrillation, which led to a rise in bond strength between fibers capable of raising paper properties. In conclusion, papaya latex bio-activator reduces the use of chemical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increases fibrillation in the refining process and reduces environmental liquid waste pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Production process analysis using six sigma approach and failure mode effect analysis to reduce sheet break on core board paper products PT. Indonesian Papertech, Subang.
- Author
-
Rahayu, Apsari Dita Indah, 'Azzam, Abdullah, Susilo, Heri, Alditama, Rizky, and Rusli, Fahrul Triyulianto
- Subjects
FAILURE mode & effects analysis ,SIX Sigma ,MANUFACTURING processes ,CARDBOARD ,PAPER products - Abstract
Quality and productivity are the things that are most often the focus of discussion in the production process. PT. Papertech Indonesia is one of the companies producing cardboard products or paper board industry (hard paper). The products produced in addition to core paper also produce other types of paper including: Chip Board, Super Chip Board, Cone Board, Core B. In producing paper, the thing that most affects the quality of a product is the change grade or the change in the type of product. If at the time of change grade there is an error in the settings it will cause problems, namely sheet break or broken paper. Sheet Break is broken paper which can cause a decrease in machine productivity and add defective products in the warehouse, this defect product is meant to not meet the specifications of the consumer. Six Sigma approaches and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) used in this study to determine the sigma level value for sheet breaks, factors that cause sheet breaks and find solutions to reduce risk. The results showed that there are two machines that often experience Sheet Break, namely Couch Roll & Lumbreaker and Dryer 1st Group machines which are caused by various factors. Based on the value of the Risk Priority Number which is the largest for the cause of Sheet Break, namely unstable vacuum during Change Grade, Lack of understanding and skills in the Change Grade state, Lack of understanding of the steps for Change Grade. Based on these results, recommendations are given to minimize the causes of priority Sheet Breaks carried out for each category and each cause, one of the recommendations given is the use of appropriate vacuum equipment, conducting regular monitoring, training employees and implementing Kaizen. With these recommendations, PT. Indonesian papertech can use these recommendations as a form of improvement in order to minimize the occurrence of sheet breaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effect of binary blending of waste paper sludge ash and granite dust in fine grained soil stabilization.
- Author
-
Hamzah, Khudhur Jaber and Jafer, Hassnen M.
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *SOIL stabilization , *WASTE products , *GRANITE , *DUST - Abstract
This study aims, through experimental works, to develop a new and sustainable binder by reusing two waste materials, namely waste paper slag ash (WPSA) and granite dust (GD) to stabilize fine-grained soil and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from improper disposal in addition to reducing the use of cement and lime in soil stabilization. The soil utilized in this research was obtained from a site near 80th Street in Babylon Provence. The experimental works included sieve and hydrometer analysis, consistency limits, compaction test, and unconfined compression strength test at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Various binary blended binders derived from mixing of WPSA and GD at different proportions; 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5, and 0:10 were utilized. These binary blended binders were mixed with the virgin soil at 10% in the samples testing procedure. The results showed that the use of the mixture containing GD alone resulted in a reduction in the LL, PL, and PI, and when increase the percentage of WPSA in the mixture, LL and PL were increased while PI decreased. Moreover, the maximum dry density of the treated soil increased with the use of GD, however, it decreased significantly after the employing WPSA in the binder used. As per the outcomes of the compressive strength test, it was shown that the use of the mixture WPG0 that contains (100% WPSA) gave the highest compressive strength, which is equivalent to 14 times of that for the virgin soil after 28 days of curing. The strength then dropped with increasing the percentage of granite dust in the mixture. However, mixtures contained both of WPSA and GD exhibited acceptable compressive strength throughout the time of curing as the results indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The making of an herbal paper soap from virgin coconut oil with addition of whey kefir.
- Author
-
Islamiati, Fitri Nur, Windayani, Neneng, and Sunarya, Risa Rahmawati
- Subjects
COCONUT oil ,KEFIR ,SOAP ,WHEY - Abstract
The paper soap is an innovation in making soap. The form of paper soap is unique like thin sheets paper. The addition of natural compounds such as virgin coconut oil (VCO) and whey kefir in soap making could improve the quality of paper soap as herbal product. This research aims to determine the optimum formulation of herbal paper soap in three whey kefir mass composition 8%, 18% and 23%. The paper soap makes using a hot process with additional glycerin as a plasticizer. The characterization of herbal paper soap is using parameters tested of pH value, stability of foam, unsaponified fat, organoleptic test, and water content. The characteristic of paper soap has a thickness of 1 mm, smells good, and slightly yellowish. The best herbal paper soap is obtained for a composition of 8% with water content, unsaponified fat, pH, and foam stability 28%, 0.39%, 8 and 83% respectively. Therefore, the herbal paper soap with whey kefir of 8% has complied SNI no. 3532-2016 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Effects of Karnaphuli paper mill effluents on the Karnaphuli river water.
- Author
-
Hassan, Md. Mehedi, Ali, Md. Hazrat, Ratul, Shahariar Mahmud, and Kabir, Z. M. Mahin
- Subjects
PAPER mills ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,COLIFORMS ,WATER quality ,WATER testing - Abstract
Karnaphuli Paper Mill (KPM) is the country's largest and state-owned paper mill, located at Chandraghona, Chattogram, alongside the Karnaphuli River. At present, 10 to 12 tonnes of paper are being produced daily, resulting in approximately 1000 to 1200 tonnes of waste effluents every day. The water of the Karnaphuli River is being polluting due to untreated effluents discharged from KPM outlets, posing a threat to the Karnaphuli River's aquatic lives. Thus, this research is carried out to test the raw effluents of KPM and the Karnaphuli River water, to compare the water quality with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh Environmental Conservative Rules (BECR, 1997) standards to find out the effects of this water on aquatic lives and to suggest remedial measures. Raw effluents were collected from three points of outlets of KPM, and the river water were collected from ten points at upstream and ten points at downstream of outlet at an interval of 100 m each to test the water quality parameters, such as, pH, BOD, COD, total dissolved solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Turbidity, Fecal coliform, Al, Sn, and Co. The test results were found to be satisfactory, except a few parameters at few locations, which might have negative impacts on river water and aquatic lives. To mitigate the unacceptable concentrations, it is suggested to set up an effluent treatment plant (ETP) to treat the KPM effluents before discharging into the Karnaphuli River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The impact of European Union-Indonesia voluntary partnership agreement on forest law enforcement governance and trade on Indonesia's pulp and paper export to European Union.
- Author
-
Maatoke, G. B. and Mursitama, T. N.
- Subjects
FORESTRY laws ,PARTNERSHIP agreements ,PAPER pulp ,LAW enforcement ,WOOD products - Abstract
This study aims to analyze Indonesia's strategy in facing the Voluntary Partnership Agreement on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT-VPA) cooperation agreement between the European Union and Indonesia to improve the export performance of Indonesian wood products to the European Union market. With research, an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that Indonesia intends to face in maintaining the stability of the export activities of Indonesian wood products and improving the quality of these wood products so that they can be accepted based on the standards of the destination country. FLEGT-VPA is a bilateral agreement between the European Union and timber exporting nations to improve forest sector governance and ensure that timber and wood products supplied into the EU are produced in line with partner country laws and regulations. The issue that a developing country like Indonesia wants to experience in an effort to improve the quality of wood products according to the standards of the destination country is a large number of illegal logging, illegal timber sales and others. This study focuses on the pulp and paper industry and uses qualitative analysis research methods and analyzes the data collection techniques from various sources. The increase in the export performance of Indonesian pulp, paper and, paperboard to the European Union from 2016 after the ratification of the FLEGT-VPA shows that the quality of Indonesian products is promising to spread in the European Union market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Solvent-pumped evaporation concentration on paper in linear and radial geometries.
- Author
-
Syms, Richard R. A. and Wright, Steven
- Subjects
- *
STAGNATION point , *CAPILLARY flow , *FILTER paper , *DIFFUSION coefficients , *PERMEABILITY , *DIFFUSION , *EVAPORATION (Chemistry) - Abstract
Solvent-pumped evaporation-driven concentration of an initial distribution of solutes on a porous substrate is considered in one and two dimensions. Approximate analytic solutions to the isotropic advection–dispersion equations are first found for a Gaussian kernel and an infinite domain, following the smoothed particle approximation. Analytic solutions for more general initial distributions are then found as sums of Gaussians, and comparison is made with numerical solutions. In each case, initial distributions are advected toward the stagnation point and concentrated. Two-dimensional analysis is then extended to describe anisotropy in permeability and diffusion, and hydrodynamic dispersion. Radial-flow experiments are performed using filter papers and water-soluble dyes. Diffusion coefficients, temperature and humidity profiles, and the evolution of spot distributions are measured. The results confirm minor anisotropy in permeability and diffusion, limited hydrodynamic dispersion, and largely uniform evaporation. Péclet numbers over 2500 are demonstrated. Evaporation-driven concentration provides a mechanism for solute transport over long timescales. Potential applications lie in the design of paper spray microanalytical devices operating by solvent pumping rather than capillary flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Conference Schedule: The 5th International Conference on Maritime Education and Training.
- Subjects
EDUCATION conferences ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,CONFERENCE rooms ,VIDEOCONFERENCING ,MARITIME shipping - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Cellulase production by Actinomycetes ID07–278 from grass and sugarcane bagasse for paper industry applications.
- Author
-
Rachmayati, Rike, Rizkia, Firda, Agustriana, Eva, Nuryati, Yulianti, Siti Eka, Sutrisno, Aji, and Rahmani, Nanik
- Subjects
BAGASSE ,SUGARCANE ,CELLULASE ,PAPER industry ,ACTINOBACTERIA ,ENERGY industries ,INDUSTRIAL costs - Abstract
Cellulase enzymes in the refining process in paper making are known to reduce energy and grinding costs. The industry requires large amounts of cellulases related to the low activity of cellulases produced. The optimization process is known to increase the value of cellulase activity produced. In the process of cellulase production, carbon sources based on cellulose waste, such as grass and bagasse, can reduce production costs. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimum fermentation carbon source that produces the highest cellulase activity between grass and bagasse by actinomycetes ID07–287. It also aims to increase the value of cellulase activity by optimizing the concentration of selected carbon sources and the pH of the fermentation media. This research includes the preparation of grass biomass and bagasse, the production of cellulase enzymes for the selection of the optimum carbon source, and the optimization of the production of carbon source concentrations and the pH of the fermentation media. Based on the research results, it is known that grass is the best fermentation carbon source, with an activity value of 0.086 U/mL. The results of optimization of production, at a concentration of 2%, is the optimum concentration with an activity value of 0.099 U / mL and the pH of the fermentation media 9 produces an optimum activity value of 0.107 U/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Comparison of power generation from restaurant wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cell using carbon felt electrode with carbon paper electrode.
- Author
-
Chowdary, K. R. Vineela and Ethiraj, Baranitharan
- Subjects
MICROBIAL fuel cells ,CARBON electrodes ,CARBON paper ,WASTEWATER treatment ,DEIONIZATION of water ,POWER density - Abstract
The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of carbon felt electrode and carbon paper electrode operated Microbial fuel cells (MFC) using restaurant wastewater. Restaurant wastewater samples were collected from MFC with carbon felt electrode (N=13) and carbon paper electrode (N=13) operated for 10 days (G power 80%). Voltage was measured using a multimeter and current, power, power density was calculated from it for both groups. The Power generation was found to be high in MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (410 mW/m
2 ) due to its active surface area, strong conductivity, and good biocompatibility compared to carbon paper electrode (121 mW/m2 ). The independent sample T-test was done which showed that the power generation of MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (p<0.001) found to be significantly higher compared with MFC operated with carbon paper electrode. The study shows that carbon felt electrode operated MFC is able to achieve higher power generation compared to carbon paper electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Paper production using Acacia auriculiformis leaf.
- Author
-
Abdullah, Mohammad, Majid, Rohah A., Zaiton, Siti Nurul Ain, Mustam, Muhammad Muzamil, Khalid, Ahmad Khuzairi, Azman, Hairul Amiza, Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd, Saad, Mohd Nasir Mat, Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Tahir, Muhammad Faheem Mohd, and Mortar, Nurul Aida Mohd
- Subjects
ACACIA ,TENSILE tests ,LIGNINS ,PAPER industry ,PAPER arts ,FOOD packaging - Abstract
The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Frequency tunable liquid metal on paper microstrip patch antenna.
- Author
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Kim, Daeyoung, Doo, Seok Joo, Chung, Sang Kug, and Lee, Jeong Bong
- Subjects
LIQUID metals ,MICROSTRIP antennas ,ANTENNA radiation patterns ,LASER printers ,PAPER arts ,GALLIUM alloys ,COPLANAR waveguides ,SUBSTRATE integrated waveguides - Abstract
We report a liquid metal microstrip antenna on a printing paper whose resonant frequency was tunable by folding the paper. The gallium-based alloy was used as liquid metal, which is instantly oxidized in ambient air. The oxidized liquid metal is easily wettable on printing paper surfaces, while it is non-wettable on laser-printed toner surfaces. An antenna with a 3 mm wide and 39 mm long copper-liquid metal overlapped-feedline linked to the liquid metal microstrip rectangle-shaped patch (40 × 31 mm
2 ) was designed. The antenna pattern was printed on a printing paper using a laser printer. A liquid metal soaked roller was rolled on the antenna pattern printed paper, resulting in a liquid metal pattern where there was no toner. The resonant frequency of the liquid metal on the paper microstrip patch antenna was 2.88 GHz with −18.5 dB S11. The measured characteristics of the antenna were in good agreement with the simulation results. When the antenna was folded, the resonant frequency was changed to 2.68 GHz (x-axis folding) or 2.72 GHz (y-axis folding). Liquid metal on paper fabrication is simple but effective for creating custom-designed antennas that are easily re-designed and fabricated in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Environmental and socio-economic benefits of recycling of waste papers generated by educational institutes.
- Author
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Gupta, Shipra, Kumar, Vijay, Dhyani, Archana, and Singh, Yashvir
- Subjects
- *
PAPER recycling , *WASTE paper , *PAPER mills , *COLLEGE students - Abstract
The understudies of schools and universities devour many papers as note pads, books, assessments, answer books and so forth. After utilizing these papers and advancing in the new class, new requests for scratchpad and books were delivered. The new paper creation by paper factories cause the cut of more trees and timberlands and become the explanation of water, air contamination. Reusing paper squander paper is probably ideal for the supportable turn of events and zero waste targets. Since squander paper reusing supplies critical commitments to the supportability of ranger service assets, to energy-saving endeavours, to decrease ecological contamination levels and viable usage of crude materials. The financial commitment of waste paper reusing can be a lot more prominent if these squanders are gathered at the source. It is essential to distinguish the areas that devour generally higher measure of paper; thus, raise their mindfulness, and give answers for on-source-partition rehearses in such areas. Generally, it realizes that the understudies of universities/schools burnthrough bigger measures of paper contrasted with other shopper units. The current investigation plans to ascertain the worth of financial advantage made by squandering papers gathered usingthe students of College/school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Ultrasonic propagation characteristics of partial discharge in oil-impregnated paper traction transformer.
- Author
-
Mu, Guowei, Dai, Quanmin, Chai, Shuying, and Yang, Peng
- Subjects
- *
ULTRASONIC propagation , *PARTIAL discharges , *SOUND pressure , *ULTRASONIC waves , *HEAD waves , *ACOUSTIC emission , *ACOUSTIC field - Abstract
Partial Discharges (PDs) are a significant factor in reducing the insulation life of traction transformers. In recent years, the Acoustic Emission (AE) method has become the most advanced method for detecting PD signals in transformers. The AE method utilizes AE sensors placed on the transformer tank to detect ultrasonic signals emitted by PD and determine the Time Of Arrival (TOA) of the head wave. The windings and cores of a traction transformer consist mainly of metal, which greatly affects the propagation of PD ultrasonic waves. This paper establishes a 110 kV "pressure acoustic, transient" physical field model of the traction transformer with dimensions of 4.63 × 1.48 × 2.84 m3. The model is used to carry out the PD pressure acoustic physical field simulation study of the traction transformer, to clarify the physical characteristics of the ultrasound of the PD defects, and to establish observation points on the transformer tanks to receive ultrasonic time-domain waveforms for PD detection. The simulation results indicate that PD ultrasonic waves exhibit complex propagation characteristics, including reflection, refraction, and reverberation, as they pass through the windings and cores to the observation points. The TOA of the head wave in the ultrasound time-domain waveform is indicated by the first maximum value of the wave crest line. Finally, this paper proposes a multi-level localization method based on the AE method to determine which winding generates the PD in the large-scale traction transformer using only four dynamically moving observation points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Spheroids formation in large drops suspended in superhydrophobic paper cones.
- Author
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Mohapatra, Omkar, Gopu, Maheshwar, Ashraf, Rahail, Easo George, Jijo, Patil, Saniya, Mukherjee, Raju, Kumar, Sanjay, and Mampallil, Dileep
- Subjects
- *
SUPERHYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *CELL culture , *MEDICAL screening , *DRUG development , *OVARIAN cancer , *CANCER cells - Abstract
The utilization of 3D cell culture for spheroid formation holds significant implications in cancer research, contributing to a fundamental understanding of the disease and aiding drug development. Conventional methods such as the hanging drop technique and other alternatives encounter limitations due to smaller drop volumes, leading to nutrient starvation and restricted culture duration. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to creating superhydrophobic paper cones capable of accommodating large volumes of culture media drops. These paper cones have sterility, autoclavability, and bacterial repellent properties. Leveraging these attributes, we successfully generate large spheroids of ovarian cancer cells and, as a proof of concept, conduct drug screening to assess the impact of carboplatin. Thus, our method enables the preparation of flexible superhydrophobic surfaces for laboratory applications in an expeditious manner, exemplified here through spheroid formation and drug screening demonstrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Modified nanocellulose by trivalent cationic ions as an antimicrobial agent for paper-based food packaging.
- Author
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Wulansari, Anggraini, Kusumaningrum, Wida Banar, Zulfiana, Deni, and Masruchin, Nanang
- Subjects
FOOD packaging ,ANTI-infective agents ,CONTACT angle ,SURFACE charges ,RECYCLED paper ,CELLULOSE - Abstract
Paper-based food packaging serves to maintain product quality for a longer period. The addition of nanocellulose as a coating agent on paper can improve the quality of the recycled paper. Modification of nanocellulose with Al3+ can occur due to the interaction between Al3+ ions and the electrostatic negative surface charge of nanocellulose which can degrade microbial cells. Modification of nanocellulose was carried out by soaking it in AlCl3 solution then homogenized by an ultrasonic wave which was used for defibrillation of nanocellulose and encourage crosslinking of nanocellulose and Al3+ ions. The paper coating technique uses a deep coating by immersing the paper in modified nanocellulose suspension. The variations of AlCl3 concentration used were 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 N as much as 25 ml on 1 g dry base nanocellulose. The concentrations of nanocellulose used were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g in 25 ml of Al3+ solution. The results of paper water absorption and WVTR test showed that modified nanocellulose can reduce the absorption of water vapor and water absorption from the paper, so it has water resistance. Nanocellulose coated can increase the hydrophobicity of the paper based on contact angle test. Antimicrobial test on coating paper also showed antimicrobial activity on E.coli test bacteria and not on S. aureus bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A study on properties of ceiling board made from waste paper with urea-formaldehyde glue.
- Author
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Hamid, Nor Baizura, Ngadiman, Norhayati, Kaamin, Masiri, Mokhtar, Mardiha, Azmi, Mohamad Azim Mohammad, Abdullah, Noorul Hudai, and Ramli, Mohd Zakwan
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *PAPER pulp , *CEILINGS , *CARDBOARD , *DRYWALL - Abstract
Asbestos and gypsum ceiling board, which recently used, possess certain health risks to humans other than being environmentally-unfriendly. This project aims to investigate the potential use of waste paper in the production of ceiling material to meet the aim of producing an eco-friendly and cost-effective product. The idea of replacing the raw materials to manufacture ceiling boards with the waste paper is to carry out to ascertain its suitability as ceiling board material. The waste paper pulp was sun-dried before mixed with UF adhesive and is compressed under pressure 204 kg/m2 under a temperature of 105°C. The tests conducted include density test, moisture content test, and water absorption test. Tabulated results have shown that the material is more lightweight and comparable moisture content compared to the asbestos and gypsum board material. With the same thickness, 500g of waste paper pulp compressed into a mold with a size 450 mm x 450 mm is more suitable to be commercialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A study on recycling of waste solid garbage in a city.
- Author
-
Gupta, Shipra, Kumar, Vijay, and Patil, P.
- Subjects
SOLID waste management ,SOLID waste ,NATURAL resources ,ORGANIC wastes ,WASTE recycling ,RESOURCE exploitation - Abstract
Every person on the planet uses solid materials. Natural resources are typically utilised in the production of new papers. Trees must be cut down to make way for new paper products. The authors want that this manuscript will raise public awareness about recycling and the relevance of solid waste management (SWM). Many forms of environmental problems may arise as a result of the depletion of natural resources. A survey was conducted for this purpose, in which 144 out of 180 participants took part. All age groups, all income levels, all types of citizens, and all levels of educated persons have participated in this study. After examining the results of this survey, it has been determined that the public is unaware of the socioeconomic benefits of recycling and solid waste management. People are also unaware of the cost-effectiveness of recycling. It could be a job-creating enterprise or industry. It became beneficial for the welfare of society, employment and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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