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Rare-earth-doped fluorochlorozirconate (FCZ) glass-ceramic materials are developed as scintillators and their properties are investigated as a function of dopant level. The inorganic scintillators such as single crystals or polycrystalline films have limitations in resolution or size, but the transparent glass-ceramic can be scaled to any shape or size with excellent resolution.

The role of fluorine in regards to boron diffusion in germanium and silicon preamorphized silicon prior to activation annealing is characterized. Observations reveal that boron atoms can diffuse in germanium-amorphized silicon during recrystallization at elevated temperatures without the assistance of additional dopants.

The charge trapping phenomenon in fluorene-based conjugated polymer poly[9,9-bis(2-ethylexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl] (PF2/6) and poly[9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl] end capped with hole-transporting moieties N, N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamine (PFe/6am 10) is investigated. The thermally stimulated current spectra displays a striking difference with the polarity of load voltage for conjugated polymers, implying an important role of electrodes on the charge-carrier photogeneration in these polymers.

The electron-paramagnetic-resonance method is used to study the fictive temperature (T(sub f)) and fluorine (F)-doping concentration dependences of self-trapped holes (STHs) in silica glasses created by UV irradiation at low temperatures. The results reveal that the change in both T(sub f) and F doping can modify the network of SiO2 glass, leading to the suppression of the formation of STHs.

ZnO thin films and [([Bu.sub.4]N).sub.2](Ru)[(dcbpyH).sub.2][(NCS).sub.2] (N719) sensitized ZnO thin films are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass substrates by using laser molecular beam epitaxy and the transition process of photogenerated charges and the interaction between ZnO and N179. The interaction has enhanced the photogenerated charge separation and the photovoltaic response of the ZnO film, but has weakened its radiative recombination, implying strong energy and charge transfer occurring between N179 and ZnO.

The synthesis and the properties of the donor-acceptor containing polyfluorene derivative and its carbon nanotube composites prepared by Suzuki polymerization are described. These substrates are found to exhibit highly bistable electrical switching and a write-once read-many-times memory effect.

The effect of keto defects in fluorene units on the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is examined on the basis of fluorene end-capped fused bithiophenes (BFTT) and biphenyl end-capped fused bithiophene oligomers(BPTT). A density of trap sites [N(sub t)] of around 2.7 x 10(super 15) cm(super -3) was found for the BPTT film due to the formation of keto defects after 6 h of UV irradiation.

An atomic force microscopic method was used to study the incubation states of UV laser irradiated polymer samples. This technique allows imaging and detection of whole laser modified area with nanometer resolution.

The suitability ArF laser ablation of micrometer size smoke grains procedure is demonstrated for the destruction of floating solid particles in consequence of very fast heating, oxidation, burning and evaporation. Atomic force microscopic investigations of the sedimented smoke particles proved that the size of the grains significantly decreased by the excimer laser radiation.