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This investigation was conducted at Gemmeiza, Agric. Res. Station, El Gharbia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt, during the period between 2014 and 2015 summer seasons to evaluate eight selected teosinte genotypes. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. The data measured were fresh yield (fr) and dry yield (dy) over the consecutive cuts. Plant height (ph), stem dimeter (SD), number of leaves on the main stem (NL), leaf area per plant, dry matter (DM), fresh yield, dry yield, fresh leaves / stem (%) and dry leaves / stem (%) and were recorded at cutting time. Heritability estimate, in the broad sense (h2b), on mean basis for traits, were carried out. Genotypes 3 and 4 were the superior to the other tested genotypes in morphological characters in both seasons. The heritability was high in fresh yield (fy) (99.9%) and dry matter (DM) (99.8%), followed by plant height (99.5%) and leaf area (99.5%). (SDS PAGE) official sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was employed to detect variation in total soluble protein content technique among the eight genotypes of teosinte; namely, 1, 2, 3, 4, , 6, 7 and 8 genotypes. Different protein fragmentation was recorded for the teosinte genotypes, which ranged from 21 to 16 for 1, 2, 3 and 4 genotypes repectively, with molecular weight (MW) ranged from 154 to 7 kda. It was found that similarity and dissimilarity, for protein patterns of teosinte genotypes, showed that 3 and 4 genotypes showed the same protein patterns, with almost protein loci and molecular weights, with 18 and 16 protein bands. According to electrophoretic study. Phyllogenetic tree was constructed and indicated a clear genetic base from SDS PAGE analysis, high similarity percentage i.e. (94.5%) for genotype 3, and the lowest similarity percentage (76.2%) for the fist genotype. The genotypes were divided into three main groups; i.e., the genotypes (1, 8), were in one group, while genotype (2) was in the second group and (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) genotypes were in third group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation was carried out to identify and evaluate Medicago sativa and Trifolium alexandrinum probability for breeding program based on two bar-coding genes (rbcl and Cox1 genes). Identification of Medicago sativa Baladi 1 was performed through rbcl and Cox1 genes. Medicago sativa Baladi 1 was identified as Medicago sativa voucher G00199095 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast (Sequence ID: KJ204375.1) and Medicago sativa voucher Ahrendsen_23 for rbcl and Cox1 genes respectively. Identity values were recorded with 90% of identity for alfalfa, Baladi 1 Genotype ribulose - 1/5 - bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit (rbcl) gene (sequences ID: KJ206375.1) also, identity values were recorded with 91.24% of identity for alfalfa Baladi 1 Genotype, cytochrome c oxiddase bubunit I gene (cox 1) (sequence ID: KJ 204375.1). Trifolium alexandrinum Helaly genotype was identified as Trifolium alexandrinum (Sequence ID: HM850407.1) and Trifolium alexandrinum voucher K-016Hv (Sequence ID: KU234213.1) as rbcl and Cox1 genes respectively. Affiliation of genetic origin was detected for Trifolium alexandrinum with 100 % of similarity with origin source which indicate highly possibility for applying breeding programs comparing with Medicago sativa which reflect the lowest genetic similarity with origin source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Present study was carried out to imploy the polyacry lamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) characterization of Serw 1, as a parent, Gemmiza 1 as a mother varieties and their first generations polycrosses a long 50,100, 150 and 200 meter distances from the parent variety (Serw 1). To determine isolation distance (50m) between cultivated Egyptian clover, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) was employed to detect variation in total soluble protein content technique among five distances of Egyptian clover namely, 200m 150, 100, 50m and Gemmiza 1 distance. After detection of isolation distance with 50m, different protein fragmentation was recorded for the cultivars which ranged from sixteen to eleven for distance 100, 200m and Gemmiza 1; respectively, with molecular weight ranged from 207 to 46 KDa. Finding of similarity and dissimilarity for protein patterns of cultivated Egyptian clover showed that, distances No. Serw 1 and 50m showed same protein patterns with almost protein loci and molecular weights with fourteen protein bands. According to electrophoretic study, phyllogenetic tree was constructed and indicated clear genetic base for distances Serw 1 and 50m which belongs to the same subgroup. Our previous findings detected isolation distance with 50m could cause genetical mixing probability between Serw 1 and 50m cultivars which represented as male and females; respectively. A chart of minimum recommended isolation distances for Egyptian clover, the chart includes three minimum distances recommendations: - Isolation distance of 200m for foundation seed. - Isolation distance of 150m for registered seed. - Isolation distance of 100m for certified seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollination behaviour and extent of self-incompatibility were studied in Egyptian clover, an important fodder legume cultivated in Egypt. The effect of pollination mode on quantitative and qualitative parameters of Egyptian clover seed yield has been studied at Gemmiza Research Station during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 winter seasons. Maximum seed setting percentage (80.5%) was recorded with first hybrid Carniolan bees pollination and 6 frame colony (BP - six f) followed by frame colony (BP- four F) with seed setting percentage (73.1 %) and two frame colony (BP-two F) with seed setting percentage (71.6%). Maximum seed yield (2346.6 seeds) was observed with treatment BP- 6 F followed by BP- 4 F (2250.0 seeds ) and BP - 2 F(1826.6 seeds). Still the lowest seed yield was found with the without insect pollination (WIP) treatment. Also, minimum 1000 - seed weight with WIP was observed (2.56g). The 1000 seed weight of BP - four F, six F and BPtwo F were 3.56, 3.30, 3.80g, respectively. The highest seed germination percentage (95.7%) was recorded with BP- six F and the lowest germination percentage (38.5 %) was found with WIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]