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I argue that The Aspern Papers takes up the question of aesthetic chastity in terms of the unnamed narrator's pretended courtship of Tina when he was a lodger in her home, through which she finali) achieves aesthetic-ethical freedom as a single woman. Like Isabel in The Portrait of a Lady, Tina at first does not appreciate her suitor's self-interestedness, but then manages to establish her aesthetic-ethical autonomy by rendering her virginal spirit proof against its objectification and exploitation by the lodger, in a Kantian parable of freedom Juliana's jealous possession of Jeffrey Aspern's papers and her imperious guardianship of Tina prompt a sustained exploration of Kantian and Saidian notions of interest and disinterest, in which Juliana's machinations are generally comparable to Madame Merle's. Kant's idea of interest refers to bias in the formulation of aesthetic judgement, lacking the disinterest of a truly dispassionate judgement of beauty Edward Said's notion of interest represents imperial prejudice. From these two complementary perspectives, Tina's struggle to transform her presumed feminine interest in masculine sponsorship allows her finally to attain complete disinterestedness in relation to the sexual, familial, historical, and political forces that press on her. On the other hand, the lodger's ardent pursuit of Aspern's private papers. tokens of the poet's aesthetic achievement, involves an imperial agenda to WTest control of them for his own interest as a man of letters and connoisseur of poetry. Keywords: Postcolonialism; feminism; aesthetic-ethic; European-American; Henry James., 1. Introduction I argue that The Aspern Papers takes up the question of aesthetic chastity in terms of the unnamed narrator's pretended courtship of Tina when he was a lodger [...]

The paper attempts to introduce Polish readers to a theory presented by the American literary scholar Margaret Freeman in her recent book, The Poem as Icon (2020). In the monograph, Freeman analyzes ways in which the reader experiences reality - both visible and invisible - through poetry. Her fundamental assumption is that the relevant research question is not what literary art is, but how it comes to be what it is. The purpose of the present paper is to show that, although written by a literary scholar, the monograph corresponds to general tendencies that can be seen in contemporary humanities: in cognitive linguistics (in particular, Leonard Talmy's theory of -ception and George Lakoff's cognitive theory of metaphor), in the theory of linguistic picture of the world, or in discourse analysis. All these disciplines are based upon the assumption that the essence of the world is continuous change, and they investigate linguistic expressions in the process of becoming, which is relative to factors traditionally considered as non-linguistic. Freeman's poetic cognition has a wide scope: it embraces cognitive processes of human mind, but also bodily and emotive cognition. Thus poetic cognition is embodied, and in Freemen's theory a "poem-as-icon" ultimately becomes an illusion of the "here-and-now" direst experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a corrigendum to the article "On the ideal theorem for number fields". The main result of this paper proves to be untrue and is replaced by an estimate of a weighted sum with an improved error term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction and wide use of devices, especially mobile ones, has changed the way learners read and do research for a variety of reasons, and this trend has attracted a number of studies conducted regarding reading on screen and on paper in addition to those dealing with the students' behavior in using online resources to print ones. This paper aims at identifying the major findings and trends in reading research by describing the current state of knowledge and practice in the studies comparing reading on screen and on paper and to provide guidance for practitioners by analyzing and summarizing the existing research. The current review adopted a systematic review as the research methodology as well as the article selection and screening process. The articles published between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed, and 37 articles were included in the analysis. The review revealed that the research on onscreen and paper-based reading focused on comparing the learners' performances in reading activities in both contexts and sharing preliminary findings and students' views. However, the findings are inconclusive as mixed findings were produced as to the effects of reading on screen and on paper. Moreover, the review also indicates that practitioners are also interested in examining the factors and affordances in reading on screen. As a result, there is still further research needed to establish the factors affecting reading and comprehension while reading on screen and on paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on a highly specialized field of law, namely nuclear law. This is characterized, on the one hand, by strong national competences and the primary position of national law, but also, on the other hand, by the international dimension, which has a major impact on national law. For a European Union Member State, the picture is even more wide-ranging, as European Union law, in this case the Euratom Treaty, adds another important layer to the legal-regulatory framework in the nuclear energy sector. The point of departure for this paper is therefore that of an EU Member State, which in nuclear energy issues functions in a legal field consisting of three interdependent main elements - national law, European Union law and international law. Thus, the article seeks to answer the question of which of these three legal systems is the primary one for an EU Member State in the area of nuclear safety, and also to shed light on their interrelationships. he theoretical framework for this analysis aimed at systematization is Hans Kelsen's classical theory of legal systems. The argument presented here is that for an EU Member State the primary legal system from a legal-hierarchical point of view is the legal system composed of EU law. This is the case mainly because the EU has competence in the area of nuclear safety, albeit shared with the EU Member States. Although the EU/Euratom has not yet significantly expanded regulation in this field, this will most likely change as EU energy policy and legislation develops further in the future. This evolution will most likely have both legislative and enforcement impacts, despite the fact that the substantive content of legislation on all three levels is quite similar. In spite of this, the three legal systems co-exist in constant interaction and without major collisions. Kelsen's perspective can prove beneficial for understanding the boundaries of the three interdependent legal systems and the shift of the basic norm towards EU law over the past two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we use qualitative research data to explore the phenomenon of the boundaryless work-life interface during the COVID-19 pandemic as perceived by working parents. We define a boundaryless work-life interface as the weak or virtually absent boundary between work and life domains. We look closer at the relations between space, time, emotions, roles and the boundaryless work-life interface among working parents. The first two subsections introduce the linkages between the boundaryless work-life interface, focusing primarily on time and space in what we call 'collapsed role boundaries'. The second subsection examines the issues related to mental and emotional tensions the perceived boundarylesness has caused during the pandemic. The paper's final subsection provides a summary with interpretations and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the phenomenon of child and youth labour in the post-Stalin era in the Soviet Union. The starting point for the consideration constitutes the analysis of the law adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1958 titled "On the strengthening of the link between school and life and the further development of people's education in the USSR". This law placed great emphasis on combining education with practice and involving pupils from the earliest grades in various forms of both productive and socially useful labour. Subsequently, four categories of labour to which children and young people in the USSR were systemically forced has been distinguished. These included: occasional labours, work and leisure camps, so-called subbotniki and little communal works, as well as compulsory recycling. The paper thoroughly depicts all of them in the light of memoir material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses two important trends that have shaped research in the economic sciences over the last two decades. The first one is the growing interdisciplinarity of economic research. The second one is the impact of technological changes on research in the economic sciences. The paper presents the author's systematization of these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing insights from Resilience Theory, this paper critically analyzes the survival and coping strategies of Nasula in the face and wake of adversity in Binwell Sinyangwe's A Cowrie of Hope. The aim is to affirm that human beings have the potential to rise above the vicissitudes of life through resilience, the obstacles notwithstanding. The paper demonstrates the strength, innovativeness and agency of Nasula in her struggle to fulfil her strong desire to send her daughter, Sula, to high school. The paper posits that hope and determination inspired by resilience equip Nasula to rise above all the traumatic circumstances that confront her to write her daughter's future through education. Her determined and resilient response to her adversity informs the metaphoric title of this paper, 'Nasula the Iroko', and Iroko in Igbo worldview stands as a metaphor for strength, mobility and resilience. All these qualities are enshrined in Nasula. The paper concludes that Nasula's resilience is an inspirational model that may strengthen the innate resilient capacities of the readers, both men and women, to rise above adversity, especially women in whose minds the patriarchal definition of the woman as a weaker vessel has been engraved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of interaction between man and nature throughout history is, relatively, rarely addressed by classical historiography. The session entitled Man and Nature: Between destruction and creation, organized and chaired by Prof. Tadeusz Janicki (Faculty of History, UAM, Poznań, Poland) and Prof. Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz (Department of Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland) on 24 August 2022 as part of the XXIII International Congress of Historical Sciences Poznań 2022, was an attempt to change this tendency and broaden the existing research perspective. The papers delivered during the occassion were the starting point for the preparation of a special issue of the journal Studia Historiae Oeconomicae (SHO), the primary purpose of which is interdisciplinary reflection by specialists from various scientific disciplines on the problem of destruction of natural landscapes and creation of cultural landscapes, along with other issues concerning the interaction between humans and the natural environment from prehistoric times to the present. This special issue of SHO consists of seven articles on diverse topics, analysing human interactions with nature through different historical periods, meanwhile taking into account their economic, civil, social and climatic conditions. The result is a multifaceted mosaic of topics that constitutes an original and interdisciplinary analysis of man's relationship with nature, which may be a source of inspiration for readers and perhaps further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors of the paper undertook an analysis of the regulations on the organization of a poker game under the Gambling Act. The main subject of the analysis revolves around the question to what extent state authorities should monitor and restrict the activity of poker players. The scope of the statutory restrictions on arranging and participating in poker games depends on the culture of perception of gambling in a given country. Assigning poker to the appropriate regulatory category, either as a gambling activity carrying the highest social risks in terms of public health or safety, or as a game primarily for entertainment, is by no means obvious and depends on determining such factors as the purpose of organizing the poker game and the manner in which it is played, i.e. whether players are playing against a casino or against each other. The regulatory differentiation depending on the variety of poker games is the result of years of efforts by national legislators and the jurisprudence to define and categorize the game correctly. The article cites the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court justifying the formal and material prerequisites of the existing restrictions on the gambling services market. The authors also relied on the extensive body of case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union explicating the permissibility of restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services in the sphere of gambling. The conclusions drawn from these reflections confirm that the current provisions of the Polish Gambling Act are part of a consistent and systematic state policy aimed at ensuring the highest possible level of consumer protection, and the introduced restrictions are proportionate and necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the problem of overabundance in third-conjugation Italian verbs. It provides a detailed diachronic analysis of grammar compilations to examine how verbs with a dual inflectional paradigm were described and how their usage has changed over the centuries. Extensive research into 59 grammar books intended for both native speakers and foreigners published in Italy and abroad form the 16th to the 19th century has shown that overabundance in the third conjugation was mentioned already in the earliest works of this type. Over time the interest in the topic grew even further as scholars explored its various aspects. The reconstruction of grammatical practice throughout centuries has uncovered the evolution of some verbs and their trajectory. In particular, it was possible to trace the development of: 1) verbs whose alternative, stylistically marked, form has become obsolete and exists only as an -isco form in modern Italian (ferire, languire, patire, perire, tradire); 2) verbs whose usage was unstable over centuries, with one form or the other predominating intermittently, until only one remained in use (tossire); and 3) verbs that have maintained a dual inflectional paradigm for the whole analysed period (aborrire, applaudire, assorbire, avvertire, inghiottire, mentire and nutrire). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of interest in the paper is the comic book biography The Life of Pope John Paul II. In the 1980s, John Paul II was not only treated as the head of the Catholic Church, but held a place in popular culture. The article points out that the Marvel comic book was one of the works that positioned the Pope within an axiological community of superheroes who, in the most general perspective, showed what a life full of heroism should look like. Thus, the paper analyses the elements of the superhero rhetorical model and features typical of the comic medium that highlight the uniqueness of John Paul II’s biography. Furthermore, to fully reveal the persuasiveness of the creative solutions employed in this work, situating the Pope between a man and a superhero, the author refers to the analytical propositions of Roland Barthes and Michał Rusinek concerning the rhetoric of visual representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the letter exchange between Maria von Herbert and Immanuel Kant as an early example of fan mail. While the past research on Herbert described her as a sharp but underappreciated philosopher, in this paper she is treated primarily as a fangirl. The article discusses her correspondence with Kant (and Kant's correspondence about her exchanged with others), her use of religious language as best means of conveying her fascination with an inaccessible celebrity, the parasocial interaction of these two, and the manner in which a hysterical discourse has been imposed on the young woman, not unlike the fate of contemporary fangirls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the topic of teacher-teaching assistant collaboration in supporting pupils who are at risk of school failure. This topic was addressed, as one of the subtopics, by a longitudinal research study investigating the causes of school failure/success among primary school pupils in the Czech Republic. The aim of the present study is to describe the activities that teaching assistants pursue in relation to "at-risk" pupils or in relation to other pupils in the classroom. The descriptive part of the paper also reviews various forms of teacher-teaching assistant collaboration during the teaching process. This empirical study consists of two parts. In the theoretical introduction, we describe the system of support and advisory services used to implement inclusive education in Czech schools. We also describe the legislative definition of the teaching assistant position and present his/her job description. The empirical part of the paper presents the conclusions of our research survey, which captures how teaching assistance is currently practiced in Czech primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

African oral tradition and literature has been relegated to the background and termed inferior because it is erroneously misconceived by the West whose written culture and civilization is presumably superior. African writers have to mobilize their intellectual energy to disprove the West by enriching their writings, culture and heritage. Again, the modern African nation especially the Nigerian nations' state is fraught with violence and injustice and therefore remains a dangerous place for creative writers, activists and investigative journalists who fictionalize realities and engage in human rights campaigns. The town crier is a character in a traditional stage that disseminates information by going around with a beaten gong. Can we assign the role of this town crier to contemporary writers, activists and journalists? This paper made enquiry into this question by following a qualitative research approach and by studying Naagbanton's writings, using Viktor Shklovsky's defamiliarisation technique as well as Susan Andt's reformist feminism. In the end, it discovered that the author has revived the African town crier culture and given it a modern outlook and the primordial town crier now has reincarnated in ace creative writers, activists and journalists who are the current advocates of information, equity and justice and who, for attesting to the truth, run great risks in the hand of state apparatus and machinery of violence like the police, the army and the State Security Services (SSS). The paper further discovered that the town crier motif in African culture now finds a new voice at the global setting in Naagbanton's works, taking both male and female gender, and that most exponents of justice, truth and equity are masked town criers. It recommends that aspects of African ancient culture should be rehabilitated to meet new trends and modern universal standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a common knowledge that a gap continues to exist between the males and females in occupational, educational and general career aspirations as a result of socio-cultural stereotypes which imposes a serious limitation not only to the effort of women empowerment but also on their contribution to national development. In Nigeria, the case is not different. However, in attempt to teach Business Education courses in the classroom, we have become aware of gender differences among Business Educators in their interests to participate in real-life learning tasks required to become entrepreneurs and lifelong learners upon graduation. There is need examine the contributing factors to gender stereotype in Business Education and maximising the potential of education to change gender norms and the way forward. This paper used content analysis which explore the concept of Business Education, gender stereotype, gender stereotype in Business Education, the contributing factors to gender stereotype and maximising the potential of education to change gender norms. This study concluded that gender equity in Business Education is yet to achieve sustainable level due to cultural believes and norms such as tradition and culture, parents' attitude toward children business education, masculine image in business education, societal believe and social influence. The paper suggested among others that families are advised to always give to their daughters same treatment given to their sons by reintroducing roles among both sexes at the home front, also, cultural and unscientific beliefs like the fable that educated women are proud, domineering submissive and therefore incapable of being good wives should be exposed through sensitization campaigns by all stakeholders including women themselves. Instead of remaining a tool in the hands of men, women should think seriously and work towards positive achievements in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper contains an introduction to a selection of papers across social sciences and humanities, based on empirical explorations and theoretical conceptualizations. Authors highlight the issues of parental roles, parental styles, child and family positioning in the family and society. The lens of children's rights and participatory approaches is also discussed. Authors focus on diverse practices in parenting, different approaches to children's agency and freedom of choice, family as a negotiated space mediated by culture, children's position in family and society, life chances and wellbeing, critical approaches to children's rights perspectives, early intervention, socio-political context, finally Freire's and Korczak's pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to revise previous findings concerning lines 406–430 of Seneca’s Phaedra. Referring to the manuscript tradition, it demonstrates that the heading before 406 and the marginal notation used to identify speaking characters may have been misinterpreted as a result of this notation having been erased from codex Etruscus, the main representative of one of the two branches of the manuscript tradition of Seneca’s plays. Next, it argues that because of the formal consistency of this codex reading (E) – as contrasted with the inconsistencies in A – and the fact that E makes satisfactory sense here, the reconstructed reading of Etruscus should be taken into consideration in future editions of Seneca’s drama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a translation of selected excerpts from The Embassy to Constantinople by Liudprand of Cremona. The work of Liudprand was created in the mid-tenth century and is considered a unique document of medieval diplomacy. Selected excerpts present the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas. The thesis consists of two parts: introduction and translation with a commentary. The introduction contains information about the author of “The Embassy” and the context of writing, as well as the language and literary style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to reexamine the interpretation of comics 363–6 in Marvel’s The Mighty Thor series as a retelling of the Hellenistic mock epic poem Batrachomyomachia, a view expressed by scholars such as Nicholas Newman in his paper entitled The War of Frogs and Rats. The Batrachomyomachia in Marvel’s The Mighty Thor. The article proposes an alternative approach to reading these comics outside of the antique context, interpreting the similarities between the two works through the lens of cultural universals theory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject matter of the present article concerns the concepts created by Polish legal scholars in the field of the theory of punishment, which were developed during the period of interwar Poland (1919-1939) and the Polish People's Republic (1945-1989). The paper presents these concepts as well as the conclusions of the Polish legal scholars' deliberations on the essence of criminal punishment and its goals. Furthermore, it indicates which theoretical concepts were implemented in the regulations of the penal codes of 1932 and 1969. Finally, the text presents an assessment of the state of research on the theories of punishment in 20th-century Poland and it indicates further research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Polish common court system was established after 1945 in the Lubusz Land and it was not a topic of in-depth considerations for historians and legal historians for a long time afterwards. However, the last decade has brought about a significant change in this respect. Numerous texts have been published on the history of the post-war common court system in the Lubusz Land, which are primarily devoted to the organization of the judiciary, legal decisions in criminal cases, and personnel. The paper presents the current state of research on the post-war common court system in Lubusz as well as certain research recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the legal basis of the judiciary which was subjected to the Government Delegation for Poland as well as the history of the establishment and activities of the Civil Special Court in Warsaw. The paper takes into account the lawyers involved in its activities, its modus operandi, and the units which cooperated with the court. The study also portrays persons convicted by the Civil Special Court, the charges formulated against them as well as the circumstances of the execution of the death sentences passed by the court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land and regional charters were diplomas used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (mainly in the second half of the 15th century and in the first half of the 16th century) by means of which rights were granted to the residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its regions. The paper examines the ritualistic features of such diplomas, i.e. the narrative concerning the role of charters in the ritual and the rituals associated with the granting of a diploma. The narrative concerning the granting of regional charters as a result of supposed collective requests from the local population is characterized in the article as well as the narrative created by the grand-ducal chancellery concerning land grants. The rituals associated with these acts and their impact on the identity of the population are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the so-called urban texts related to Poland with a special emphasis on the historical and geographical region of Galicia, which covers the territories of Red Ruthenia in Ukraine and Lesser Poland, and on their historical connotations as presented in Boris Khersonsky's book of poetry Family archive (2006). Khersonsky is a Russian-speaking Ukrainian poet from Odesa, who has been awarded prestigious prizes for his literary work both in Ukraine and abroad. Family archive can be described as a sort of novel in verse about the tragic history of the 20th century told through the family history of the author himself. The main goal of this article is to analyze the specific spatial structure of the book in the context of geopoetics and places of memory with a special accent on Polish cities and towns. This territory is the quintessential locus of historical events connected to Eastern European Jewish heritage and the tragedy of the Holocaust. This paper seeks to reconstruct the image of Poland with all the connotations and cultural myths associated with its multicultural experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A pandemic like the COVID-19 has caught everyone off-guard. The economy is in tatters, and the loopholes in the system are getting exposed. The education sector is no exception, especially in a developing country like India. With millions of students in India, the lockdown will have many unforeseen impacts. Moreover, the parents would be reluctant to send their wards to study even after the pandemic, and the actual effect of a lag in learning would be visible only in the long run. The necessity of e-learning in academia was felt only when the pandemic hit. The lack of ICT infrastructure and the absence of tech-savvy teachers have made studies an absolute roller-coaster ride for students. Apart from this, the already existing disparity between students from different economic strata would very likely broaden. Homebound is another factor affecting the students' psychology towards study. This paper ventures into the problems faced by the students, especially from economic, infrastructural and psychological factors, ranging from primary to University level. It also attempts to segregate the students based on location and financial condition and understand the specific hindrances they face. Case studies from various locations of Assam provide a cluster of stories that would act as an index in developing the system when time is 'conducive'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the main flaws, dilemmas and challenges concerning the concept of civic education and teaching democracy in the Czech schooling system after 1989. Special focus is placed on the urgent need for the application of more pluralist, constructivist and procedural approaches that would enhance the traditional concepts of social science education based on facts and typologies. In this regard, methods and trends promoting the principle of civic education as a multidimensional and everyday phenomenon are applied, since such understanding of civic identity has become even more urgent in recent two years with the reflection of issues concerning the SARS-CoV-2 situation. To suggest and analyse possible means to this end, the study outlines two dominant causes of the low prestige and effectivity of civic education in the Czech Republic: first, the implicitly ideological and universalist character of the current national curriculum, which is not able to accept social values as a permanently flowing and contextually based discourse; second, the prevalence of ethnic attributes in the process of national identification which impede any relevant efforts to treat collective identity and citizenship in an open pluralist way. Nonetheless, the main focus of the paper lies in its empirical part where the fundamental pillars and particular activities from the current EU project--realised at several Czech universities and grammar schools in recent three years--are both presented and analysed. On the basis of this project analysis, the paper aims to demonstrate that together with the implementation of procedural, interpretative and constructivist understanding of social reality, even more radical questions--linked to postmodern democratic theory--such as the notion of agonist democracy, the impact of social networks, the reflection of instrumental manipulative behaviour as well as more unbiased interpretations of human liberty should be addressed in the Czech current educational discourse as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gloss is devoted to the problem of the admissibility of validating the maintenance debtor's behavior in the proceedings to recognize him as evading maintenance obligations in the light of the provisions of the Act of 7 September 2007 on assistance to persons entitled to maintenance. It also deals with the essence of the proceedings regarding the annulment of the decision. Although the court of first instance did not allow such a possibility, the analysis carried out in the paper shows that there are legal grounds for this. The paper concludes that if, after the explanatory proceedings are completed, but before the decision is issued, the maintenance debtor reconsiders and consents to a maintenance interview with him and for a declaration of assets to be taken from him, the public administration body should take these circumstances into account when making a decision. There was criticism of the thesis that allowing for the validation of behavior contradicts the purpose of the introduced solutions aimed at mobilizing debtors to fulfill their obligations towards those entitled to maintenance. It is pointed out that such an approach from the authorities may have further undesirable consequences, as the effect of issuing a decision on the above-mentioned subject is to initiate separate proceedings regarding the suspension of a driving license. The study also analyzes the way in which the premises for initiating the above proceedings are understood, proposing a different understanding of them. It was concluded that the positive and negative premises for initiating proceedings should be understood by the authority in a functional manner. The position of the Supreme Administrative Court was deemed correct, namely that in nullity proceedings the assessment made by the authority concerns only the examination of whether the decision being contested is affected by one of the defects specified in the Code of Administrative Procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first purpose of this paper is to analyze the direct and indirect, shortand long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for men. The second purpose is to identify the mechanisms underlying the present and predicted pandemic's impact on men's life and health (both somatic and mental). The author interprets the higher men's mortality rates due to coronavirus and the males' suicide rates that heightened from the beginning of the pandemic due to life-style that reflects the toxic masculinity norms. This paper's theoretical framework is determined by the social (cultural) trauma theory and the Critical Studies on Men and Masculinities. The method used for the present study is desk research based on the integrated literature review including the results of empirical research directly or indirectly addressing males' experience of the COVID-19 pandemic from the years 2019 and 2020, the previous pandemics (SARS in 2002-2004 and Ebola in 2014), other social crises caused by economic and political processes, and research explaining men's stress-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing abstracts, both in a professional and academic environment, is a crucial skill, reflecting the ability to think synthetically and express thoughts in a concise way. Due to the rising popularity of indexing scientific papers in different databases, abstracts can deter-mine the readability of a paper and its future quotation rate. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the microstructure of 40 abstracts from prestigious impact factor medical and economics journals, offering guidelines for designing abstract writing exercises in foreign language courses for specific purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines four discursive strategies: colonizing, animalizing, infantalizing and (plant) vegetative that characters in Margaret Atwood's MaddAddam trilogy use to name the Crakers, post-humans with modified DNA structure. In discussing them, I expose a dehumanizing effect this seemingly neutral processes of naming and describing have. The interpretative findings discussed in this paper constitute a response to largely anthropocentrically oriented extensive criticism on Atwood's writing. By questioning the neutrality of the narrative through a postcolonial reading of the trilogy, I argue that MaddAddam challenges the divisions between human and non-human. The paper investigates whether these dehumanizing discursive tactics of animalization, colonization, infantilism or vegetation, which are fundamentally oppressive, can become a means of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with Thomas Hettche's novel Pfaueninsel, which is interpreted as a story about the Other. The category of otherness refers to the main character, Marie Strakon, a dwarf in the service of the King of Prussia in the 19th century, and to the place of action, Peacock Island near Berlin. Hettche's historiographical metafiction is a fictional biography of a woman whose physical otherness places her in opposition to the orders established by humans: social, cultural, aesthetic, and historical. Peacock Island, in turn, transformed into an artificial paradise, is a heterotopic sphere of otherness contrasting with Berlin, an urban space of civilisation, progress, and the Industrial Revolution. The story of the Peacock Island biotope illustrates the emergence and evolution of ecological consciousness in the 19th century; it constitutes a motif of non-anthropocentric history being "the Other" of the 'great' history of humans. The paper shows how different dimensions of otherness are constructed in relation to the main protagonist and to the island space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artefacts described in the paper come from the Przeworsk culture settlement in Kwiatków, where more than 100 fibulae were discovered. Among the artefacts acquired were three knee-shaped brooches with a semi-circular shield on the head. One of them was discovered in a well; the other two came from the surface of the site. This paper is mostly concerned with issues related to the technological aspects of the production of these items. In addition to the analysis of traces of craftsmanship found on the fibulae, XRF tests were performed to determine the material from which they were made. This approach allows one to supplement the typological findings and reconstruct the process of creating a given object. The brooches were microscopically examined for traces of craftsmanship. The attempt to determine the foundry method which had been applied failed to produce the expected results. Usually, individual instances of knee-shaped fibulae have been recorded at sites in Poland and other countries, such as the Czech Republic. In Kwiatków, however, the discovery contained as many as three such artefacts, though they had not been made in a workshop of one craftsman, although two display a high level of similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of changes on the electronic sports information circuit in the period from 2012 to 2022. The research here focuses on visual components of e-sports events, especially games' GUIs and interactive elements of the digital platform interfaces that provide technological scaffolding for e-sports broadcasts (such as Twitch). The analysis is conducted from the software studies perspective, with the StarCraft franchise as a chief example of the phenomena assessed in the paper. The findings presented in this study stem from the juxtaposition of divergent modes of interaction between the viewers, players and e-sports media professionals, which are subsequently confronted with the computational rules of e-sports games' mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to present similarities and differences in the approaches to the field of ludology (also known as games research, game studies) in Poland and abroad, on the basis of an analysis of publications and papers presented at conferences of two representative contemporary academic ludological associations - the Polish Polskie Towarzystwo Badania Gier (Games Research Association of Poland), and the Digital Games Research Association. The achievements of these societies are comparable because of their similar period of activity. The subject of the analysis is the scope of research declared by both associations, the topics of papers presented at international academic conferences organised by them, and the topics of articles occurring in their publications. For the purposes of the analysis, two crucial categories concerning games of all types have been introduced to enable further study of selected texts: the distinction between digital and non-digital games - the former ones refer to electronic games of all types (requiring electricity and based on electronics), and the latter, to any other kinds of games (in some cases also requiring electricity but not electronics). In the analysis, four main thematic categories of papers and articles have been established: (1) texts concerning research in the sphere of digital games, new technologies, new media and related phenomena; (2) texts concerning research on non-digital games and related phenomena; (3) texts concerning other aspects of games and ludology including research on non-specific kinds of games or, quite contrary, concerning different types of games (digital and non-digital) in a particular approach (e.g. educational aspects), methodology of games research, issues common to all games (e.g. players, gameplay, winning/losing etc.); (4) reviews, reports, forewords, introductory articles and lectures, texts on outstanding scholars etc. The aim of the quantitative analysis is to show the proportions of research devoted to digital games and other issues concerning games research carried out by Polish and foreign ludologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to review testimonies devoted to the mythical monster called Campe (Gk. Κάμπη), named after the large sea-animal called κάμπη (originally 'caterpillar, silkworm'). Campe was a large female monster acting as a guard in Tartarus. She was killed by Zeus (Ps.-Apollodorus, Bibl. I 2,1; Nonnos, D. XVIII 233-264). A different monster by the same name was destroyed and buried by the god Dionysus in the Libyan town of Zabirna (Diodorus, Bibl. III 72). The same mythical monster is also described in the third book of Ovid's Fasti (lines 793-808). The Roman poet did not mention the Greek name of the mythical monster, but he concealed it as the acrostic CAMPH representing a Latin transcription of the Greek word Καμπη. Unfortunately, this acrostic is preserved in the corrupted form CQMPH in most preserved codices of Ovid's poem. In the present paper the attempt is made to provide and explain the reasons for this corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines one chapter from the end of Tacitus' Histories III (84), which gives an account of the events in Rome on December 20, AD 69 and concentrates, firstly, on the Vitellian soldiers' hopeless resistance against the Flavian army and, secondly, on Emperor Vitellius' pathetic death. The paper's particular focus is on Greek and Roman texts (Euripides' Hecuba, Sallust's Catiline, and especially Vergil's Aeneid) which Tacitus seems to evoke and allude to in his own narrative. Since most of these intertextual references relate to the sacking of Troy, the reader is invited to associate what happened in Rome during the last stage of the Civil War of AD 68/69 with the Trojan War and its aftermath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]