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We prove that any faithful Frobenius functor between abelian categories preserves the Gorenstein projective dimension of objects. Consequently, it preserves and reflects Gorenstein projective objects. We give conditions on when a Frobenius functor preserves the stable categories of Gorenstein projective objects, the singularity categories and the Gorenstein defect categories, respectively. In the appendix, we give a direct proof of the following known result: for an abelian category with enough projectives and injectives, its global Gorenstein projective dimension coincides with its global Gorenstein injective dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For any finite dimensional algebra Λ given by a quiver with relations, we prove that its dg singularity category is quasi-equivalent to the perfect dg derived category of a dg Leavitt path algebra. The result might be viewed as a deformed version of the known description of the dg singularity category of a radical-square-zero algebra in terms of a Leavitt path algebra with trivial differential. The above result is achieved in two steps. We first introduce the singular Yoneda dg category of Λ, which is quasi-equivalent to the dg singularity category of Λ. The construction of this new dg category follows from a general operation for dg categories, namely an explicit dg localization inverting a natural transformation from the identity functor to a dg endofunctor. This localization turns out to be quasi-equivalent to a dg quotient category. Secondly, we prove that the endomorphism algebra of the quotient of Λ modulo its Jacobson radical in the singular Yoneda dg category is isomorphic to the dg Leavitt path algebra. The appendix is devoted to an alternative proof of the result using Koszul-Moore duality and derived localizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To each symmetrizable Cartan matrix, we associate a finite free EI category. We prove that the corresponding category algebra is isomorphic to the algebra defined in Geiss et al. (2017) [4] , which is associated to another symmetrizable Cartan matrix. In certain cases, the algebra isomorphism provides an algebraic enrichment of the well-known correspondence between symmetrizable Cartan matrices and graphs with automorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We prove that any derived equivalence between derived-discrete algebras of finite global dimension is standard, that is, isomorphic to the derived tensor functor by a two-sided tilting complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Thymosins β are actin-binding proteins that play a variety of different functions in inflammatory responses, wound healing, cell migration, angiogenesis, and stem cell recruitment and differentiation. In crayfish, thymosins participate in antiviral immunology. However, the roles of thymosin during bacterial infection in shrimp remain unclear. In the present study, four thymosins were identified from kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus , and named as Mj thymosin2, Mj thymosin3, Mj thymosin4, and Mj thymosin5 according the number of their thymosin beta actin-binding motifs. Mj thymosin3 was selected for further study because its expression level was the highest in hemocytes. Expression analysis showed that Mjthymosin3 was upregulated in hemocytes after challenged by Vibrio anguillarum or Staphylococcus aureus. The recombinant Mj thymosin3 protein could inhibit the growth of certain bacteria in an in vitro antibacterial test. Mj thymosins could facilitate external bacterial clearance in shrimp, and were beneficial to shrimp survival post V. anguillarum or S. aureus infection. The results suggested that Mj thymosins played important roles in the antibacterial immune response of kuruma shrimp. Highlights • Four thymosins were identified from kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. • Mjthymosin3 was upregulated in hemocytes after challenge by V. anguillarum or S. aureus. • R Mj thymosin3 could inhibit the growth of certain bacteria. • Mj thymosins could facilitate external bacterial clearance in shrimp. • Mj thymosins were beneficial to shrimp survival post V. anguillarum or S. aureus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the notions of a D -standard abelian category and a K -standard additive category. We prove that for a finite dimensional algebra A , its module category is D -standard if and only if any derived autoequivalence on A is standard, that is, isomorphic to the derived tensor functor by a two-sided tilting complex. We prove that if the subcategory of projective A -modules is K -standard, then the module category is D -standard. We provide new examples of D -standard module categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) plays an important role in development, cell cycle, myeloid differentiation, and regulates the RUNX transcription factors. However, the function of MLF in immunity is still unclear. In this study, an MLF was identified and characterized in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus , and named as Mj MLF. The full-length cDNA of Mj MLF contained 1111 nucleotides, which had an opening reading frame of 816 bp encoding a protein of 272 amino acids with an MLF1-interacting protein domain. MjMLF could be ubiquitously detected in different tissues of shrimp at the transcriptional level. The expression pattern analysis showed that MjMLF could be upregulated in shrimp hemocytes and hepatopancreas after white spot syndrome virus challenge. The RNA interference and protein injection assay showed that Mj MLF could inhibit WSSV replication in vivo. Flow cytometry assay showed that Mj MLF could induce hemocytes apoptosis which functioned in the shrimp antiviral reaction. All the results suggested that Mj MLF played an important role in the antiviral immune reaction of kuruma shrimp. The research indicated that Mj MLF might function as a novel regulator to inhibit WSSV replication in shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of coal resources is necessary, but it has a huge negative impact on land, ecology, and the environment. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the requirements of related regulations, the design and practice of reclamation projects run through the mining life cycle and continue for a long time after the coal production. High-precision monitoring of mining disturbance and reclamation, quantifying the degree and time of vegetation disturbance and restoration, is of great significance to minimize the environmental effect of mining. Remote sensing, widely used as efficient monitoring tool, but there is not enough research on disturbance and reclamation monitoring taking into account large-scale areas and high temporal and spatial accuracy. Especially when mining sites remain unknown, how to distinguish the disturbance of coal mining and other human activities affecting the surface land cover has become a challenge. Therefore, this paper proposed a method to reconstruct the time series of mining disturbance and reclamation in a large area by using the POI (point of interest) and Landsat time series images using multiple buffer analysis methods. The process includes: (1) Retrieval of POI in the study area based on the public mining list using Python crawler, and buffering 100 km for preliminary extraction of potential mining areas; (2) Using spectral index mask and random forest algorithm to accurately extract the exposed coal on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform; (3) Buffering 10 km to identify the occurrence of disturbance and reclamation, using pixel-based temporal trajectory identification of LandTrendr algorithm under GEE. The method successful detect the change points of surface coal mining disturbance and reclamation in eastern Inner Mongolia of China. The results show that: (1) The method can effectively identify the extent of surface coal mining disturbance and reclamation, and the overall extraction accuracy is 81%. (2) Surface coal mining disturbance in eastern Inner Mongolia was concentrated in 2006–2011. By 2020, the total disturbed area is 627.8 km2, with an average annual disturbance of 18.5 km2, and the annual maximum disturbance to the ground reached 64.6 km2 in 2008. With the total reclaimed area being 236.3 km2, the reclamation rate is about 37.6%. This study provides a systematic solution and process for monitoring the disturbance and reclamation of surface coal mining in a large range with little known about the mines' location. It can effectively identify the mining disturbance and reclamation process which can also be extended to other areas, providing a quantitative assessment of mining disturbance and reclamation, which can support further ecological restoration decision-making. [Display omitted] • A remote sensing procedure of surface coal mine classification, disturbance and reclamation monitoring is developed. • Landsat, random forest, web scraping, and Google Earth Engine has been used to detect 73 surface coal mining sites. • 0.94% of the total study area has been disturbed by surface mining. • The developed procedure is able to reveal the surface coal mine reclamation pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leucine rich repeat (LRR) motif exists in many immune receptors of animals and plants. Most LRR containing (LRRC) proteins are involved in protein-ligand and protein-protein interaction, but the exact functions of most LRRC proteins were not well-studied. In this study, an LRRC protein was identified from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus , and named as Mj LRRC1. MjLRRC 1 was consistently expressed in different tissues of normal shrimp with higher expression in gills and stomach. At the transcriptional level, there were no significant changes of MjLRRC 1 after injection of Vibrio anguillarum or Staphylococcus aureus in gills and hepatopancreas. While in V. anguillarum oral infection, MjLRRC 1 was upregulated in stomach but not in intestine. The recombinant Mj LRRC1 protein could bind to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial cell wall components including peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and lipopolysaccharide. Mj LRRC1 regulated the expression of some antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and participated in bacteria clearance of stomach. All these results suggested that Mj LRRC1 might play important roles in antibacterial immune response of kuruma shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that the categories of coherent sheaves over weighted projective lines of tubular type are explicitly related to each other via the equivariantization with respect to certain cyclic group actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysin motif (LysM) is a peptidoglycan and chitin-binding motif with multiple functions in bacteria, plants, and animals. In this study, a novel LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein was cloned from kuruma shrimp ( Marsupenaeus japonicus ) and named as Mj LPBP. The cDNA of Mj LPBP contained 1010 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 834 nucleotides encoding a protein of 277 amino acid residues. The deduced protein contained a Lysin motif and a transmembrane region, with a calculated molecular mass of 31.54 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.61. MjLPBP was ubiquitously distributed in different tissues of shrimp at the mRNA level. Time course expression assay showed that MjLPBP was upregulated in hemocytes of shrimp challenged with Vibrio anguillarum or Staphylococcus aureus . MjLPBP was also upregulated in hepatopancreas after white spot syndrome virus and bacteria challenge. The recombinant protein of Mj LPBP could bind to some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. Further study found that r Mj LPBP bound to bacterial cell wall components, including peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide, and chitin. The induction of several antimicrobial peptide genes and phagocytosis-related gene, such as anti-lipopolysaccharide factors and myosin, was depressed after knockdown of MjLPBP . Mj LPBP could facilitate V. anguillarum clearance in vivo. All the results indicated that Mj LPBP might play an important role in the innate immunity of shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of unsaturated [Mn(1,2-dap)] 2+ , [Mn(1,2-dap) 2 ] 2+ , [Mn(2,2-bipy)] 2+ (1,2-dap=1,2-diaminopropane) complex cations with thioarsenate anions of [As III S 3 ] 3− and [As V S 4 ] 3 − led to three new hybrid manganese thioarsenates, namely, [Mn(1,2-dap)] 2 MnAs 2 S 6 ( 1 ), [Mn(1,2-dap) 2 ]{[Mn(1,2-dap)] 2 As 2 S 8 } ( 2 ) and (NH 4 )[Mn(2,2-bipy) 2 ]AsS 4 ( 3 ). In compound 1 , the unsaturated [Mn(1,2-dap)] 2+ complexes, [MnS 4 ] 6− tetrahedra and [As III S 3 ] 3− trigonal-pyramids are condensed to form the 1D [Mn(1,2-dap)] 2 MnAs 2 S 6 chain, whereas compound 2 features 2D layer composed of [Mn(1,2-dap)] 2+ and [Mn(1,2-dap) 2 ] 2+ complexes as well as [As V S 4 ] 3− tetrahedral units. For compound 3 , two [As V S 4 ] 3− anions bridge two [Mn(2,2-bipy)] 2+ complex cations into a butterfly like {[Mn(2,2-bipy)] 2 As 2 S 8 } 2 − anionic unit. Magnetic measurements indicate the ferrimagnetic behavior for compound 1 and antiferromagnetic (AF) behaviors for compounds 2–3 . The UV–vis diffuse-reflectance measurements and electronic structural calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) revealed the title compounds belong to semiconductors with band gaps of 2.63, 2.21, and 1.97 eV, respectively. The narrow band-gap of compound 3 led to the efficient and stable photocatalytic degradation activity over organic pollutant than N-doped P25 under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new 3-D bi-metal organic framework was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • After pyrolysis, binary metal oxides were prepared and applied to the anode materials of LIBs. • CeCo-700 has the highest specific capacity of 952 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 150 cycles. Precursor method is a well-known technology for preparing certain functional materials. In this work, a novel 3d-4f bimetallic organic framework, denoted as 45MCeCo (45 M representing 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid), was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The compound thus obtained has the molecular formula of C 10 H 11 CeCoN 4 O 12. By meticulously controlling the amounts of the experimental materials, it was feasible to prepare flower-like crystals possessing identical single crystal structures and significantly larger specific surface areas. As a precursor for electrode materials, this structure underwent calcination at different temperatures to prepare Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 composites with in situ composite heterostructures. Post-electrochemical tests revealed that CeO 2 remains unreactive across all potentials, thereby contributing to the stabilization of the electrode material structure. In contrast, Co 3 O 4 participated in redox reactions to provide a specific capacity to the sample. In addition, when comparing the performance of the electrode material under different calcination conditions, it became evident that the material exhibited optimal electrochemical performance when subjected to a temperature of 700 °C for 2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We introduce the notion of totally reflexive extension of rings. It unifies Gorenstein orders and Frobenius extensions. We prove that for a totally reflexive extension, a module over the extension ring is totally reflexive if and only if its underlying module over the base ring is totally reflexive. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: K2Mg5−x Sn3 (x=0.28) and K3Mg18 Tt 11 (Tt=Sn, Pb) have been synthesized by reacting the mixture of the corresponding pure elements at high temperature, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. K2Mg5−x Sn3 (x=0.28) is isostructural with Ni7−x SbQ 2 (Q=Se, Te) series and features 2D corrugated [Mg5−x Sn3] layers that are separated by K+ cations. The structure of K3Mg18 Tt 11 (Tt=Sn, Pb) is closely related to the Ho2Rh12As7 structural type and features 3D [Mg18 Tt 11] framework composed of 1D [Mg18 Tt 11] columns that are interconnected via Mg–Tt bonds, forming 1D hexagonal tunnels occupied by the K+ cations. Electronic structure calculations indicate that Mg atoms can function as either electron donor or as a participator in the network along with Tt atoms. Magnetic property measurements and band structure calculations indicate that these compounds are metallic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We introduce a notion of generalized Serre duality on a Hom-finite Krull–Schmidt triangulated category . This duality induces the generalized Serre functor on , which is a linear triangle equivalence between two thick triangulated subcategories of . Moreover, the domain of the generalized Serre functor is the smallest additive subcategory of containing all the indecomposable objects which appear as the third term of an Auslander–Reiten triangle in ; dually, the range of the generalized Serre functor is the smallest additive subcategory of containing all the indecomposable objects which appear as the first term of an Auslander–Reiten triangle in . We compute explicitly the generalized Serre duality on the bounded derived categories of artin algebras and of certain noncommutative projective schemes in the sense of Artin and Zhang. We obtain a characterization of Gorenstein algebras: an artin algebra A is Gorenstein if and only if the bounded homotopy category of finitely generated projective A-modules has Serre duality in the sense of Bondal and Kapranov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We introduce the notion of balanced pair of additive subcategories in an abelian category. We give sufficient conditions under which a balanced pair of subcategories gives rise to a triangle-equivalence between two homotopy categories of complexes. As an application, we prove that for a left-Gorenstein ring, there exists a triangle-equivalence between the homotopy category of its Gorenstein projective modules and the homotopy category of its Gorenstein injective modules, which restricts to a triangle-equivalence between the homotopy category of projective modules and the homotopy category of injective modules. In the case of commutative Gorenstein rings we prove that up to a natural isomorphism our equivalence extends Iyengar–Krause''s equivalence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four new isostructural rare earth manganese stannides, namely RE 3MnSn5−x (x=0.16(6), 0.29(1) for RE=Tm, x=0.05(8), 0.21(3) for RE=Lu), have been obtained by reacting the mixture of corresponding pure elements at high temperature. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that they crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with cell parameters of a=18.384(9)–18.495(6)Å, b=6.003(3)–6.062(2)Å, c=14.898(8)–14.976(4)Å, V=1644.3(14)–1679.0(9)Å3 and Z=8. Their structures belong to the Hf3Cr2Si4 type and feature a 3D framework composed of 1D [Mn2Sn7] chains interconnected by [Sn3] double chains via Sn–Sn bonds, forming 1D large channels based on [Mn4Sn16] 20-membered rings along the b-axis, which are occupied by the rare earth atoms. Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) for idealized “RE3MnSn5” model indicate that these compounds are metallic, which are in accordance with the results from temperature-dependent resistivity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The title compounds have been obtained by solid state reactions of the corresponding pure elements at high temperature, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Yb5Ni4Sn10 adopts the Sc5Co4Si10 structure type and crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/mbm (No. 127) with cell parameters of a=13.785(4)Å, c=4.492 (2)Å, V=853.7(5)Å3, and Z=2. Yb7Ni4Sn13 is isostructural with Yb7Co4InGe12 and crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/m (No. 83) with cell parameters of a=11.1429(6)Å, c=4.5318(4)Å, V=562.69(7)Å3, and Z=1. Both structures feature three-dimensional (3D) frameworks based on three different types of one-dimensional (1D) channels, which are occupied by the Yb atoms. Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) indicate that both compounds are metallic. These results are in agreement with those from temperature-dependent resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: For a positively graded artin algebra we introduce its Beilinson algebra . We prove that if A is well-graded self-injective, then the category of graded A-modules is equivalent to the category of graded modules over the trivial extension algebra . Consequently, there is a full exact embedding from the bounded derived category of into the stable category of graded modules over A; it is an equivalence if and only if the 0-th component algebra has finite global dimension. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two new ternary ytterbium transition metal stannides, namely, Yb3CoSn6 and Yb4Mn2Sn5, have been obtained by solid-state reactions of the corresponding pure elements in welded tantalum tubes at high temperature. Their crystal structures have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Yb3CoSn6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (no. 63) with cell parameters of a=4.662(2), b=15.964(6), c=13.140(5)Å, V=978.0(6)Å3, and Z=4. Its structure features a three-dimensional (3D) open-framework composed of unusual [CoSn3] layers interconnected by zigzag Sn chains, forming large tunnels along the c-axis which are occupied by the ytterbium cations. Yb4Mn2Sn5 is monoclinic space group C2/m (no. 12) with cell parameters of a=16.937(2), b=4.5949(3), c=7.6489(7)Å, β=106.176(4)°, V=571.70(8)Å3, and Z=2. It belongs to the Mg5Si6 structure type and its anionic substructure is composed of parallel [Mn2Sn2] ladders interconnected by unusual zigzag [Sn3] chains, forming large tunnels along the c-axis, which are filled by the ytterbium cations. Band structure calculations based on density function theory methods were also made for both compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An artin algebra A is said to be CM-finite if there are only finitely many, up to isomorphisms, indecomposable finitely generated Gorenstein-projective A-modules. We prove that for a Gorenstein artin algebra, it is CM-finite if and only if every its Gorenstein-projective module is a direct sum of finitely generated Gorenstein-projective modules. This is an analogue of Auslander''s theorem on algebras of finite representation type [M. Auslander, A functorial approach to representation theory, in: Representations of Algebras, Workshop Notes of the Third Internat. Conference, in: Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 944, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982, pp. 105–179; M. Auslander, Representation theory of artin algebras II, Comm. Algebra (1974) 269–310]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We prove that triangulated categories with bounded t-structures are Karoubian. Consequently, for an Ext-finite abelian category over a commutative noetherian complete local ring, its bounded derived category is Krull–Schmidt. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Let A be a -Hopf algebra with bijective antipode and let M be a G-graded A-bimodule. We prove that there exists an isomorphism where is viewed as the trivial graded A-module via the counit of A, is the adjoint A-module associated to the graded A-bimodule M and denotes the G-graded Hochschild cohomology. As an application, we deduce that the graded cohomology of color Lie algebra L is isomorphic to the graded Hochschild cohomology of its universal enveloping algebra , solving a question of M. Scheunert. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Let K be a field of characteristic 0 containing all roots of unity. We classified all the Hopf structures on monomial K-coalgebras, or, in dual version, on monomial K-algebras. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Let A be an abelian category and B be the Happel-Reiten-Smalø tilt of A with respect to a torsion pair. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a derived equivalence between A and B , which is compatible with the inclusion of B into the derived category of A. As applications, we obtain new derived equivalences related to splitting torsion pairs, TTF-triples and two-term silting subcategories, respectively. We prove that for the realization functor of any bounded t -structure, its denseness implies its fully-faithfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by 'Hufu' in ancient China, we manufactured semiflexible micro crystallizer with two aspectant sessile platforms by 3D-printing technique that can construct a series of heteromorphic droplets (HDs) via stretching droplet height. By coordinating the gas–liquid interface and flow intensity (i.e., Ra/Ma), central-converging micro-flows were generated, which dominated solute and particle motion towards droplet center. Efficient harvest of single cubic NaCl crystal was achieved at platform center under wide volume and concentration ranges. [Display omitted] Droplet crystallization behavior held great potential in crystal preparation, micromaterial engineering, and molecular assembly. However, restricted by natural surface tension, the intrinsic crystallization regulation and efficient harvest of high quality crystal in diverse droplet features were still a great challenge. Herein, we developed a 3D printed semiflexible micro crystallizer with two aspectant sessile platforms that could simultaneously construct a series of heteromorphic droplets (HDs) and controllable HD shape. By shaping HD on the interface of the platform, central-converging micro-flows were generated by coordinating the gas–liquid interface and flow intensity (i.e., Ra/Ma) during HD crystallization from 'barrel', 'can', to 'sand clock' shape, which was validated via simulative and experimental research. Therefore, HDs, constructed in semiflexible micro crystallizer, exhibited efficient screening (>70 %) of single cubic crystal just at the center zone of platform, even under wide ranges of concentration and volume, manifesting excellent repeatability on high quality crystal harvest and relevant interfacial science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous combustion of coal waste dumps is a serious threat to the ecological environment and the safety of mining areas. Even after land reclamation and ecological restoration, such spontaneous combustion activities are still active. Achieving early warning of spontaneous combustion is necessary to protect the reclaimed ecosystem and reduce environmental pollution, but it has not yet been well studied. To this end, this study proposed a spatial analysis method to achieve early warning spontaneous combustion of coal waste dump after reclamation by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and vegetation (Medicago sativa/alfalfa) growth status. The experiment was implemented in two slope areas (Areas I and II) of a coal waste dump after reclamation in Shanxi province, China, which were under threat of spontaneous combustion. Three alfalfa growth parameters, aboveground biomass (AGB), plant water content (PWC), and plant height (PH) of the study area, were estimated from UAV imagery features and used to assess the spontaneous combustion risk. Then, soil deep temperature points (25 cm depth) distributed evenly in the study area were collected to determine the underground temperature situation. It was found that the UAV-derived rededge Chlorophyll index (CIrededge), canopy temperature depression (CTD), and canopy height model (CHM) achieved a better estimation of alfalfa AGB (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 99.2 g/m2, and MAE = 74.9 g/m2), PWC (R2 = 0.68, RMSE = 3.9%, and MAE = 3.2%), and PH (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 9.79 cm, and MAE = 7.68 cm) of the study area, respectively. We also observed that three alfalfa parameters were highly correlated with the soil deep temperature, but differed in degree (R2 = 0.46–0.81). Furthermore, they were consistent with the soil deep temperature in spatial distribution and could reveal the change direction of underground temperature, which will help us to detect those potential spontaneous combustion areas. These results indicated that vegetation is a prior indicator to the changes in underground temperature of coal waste dump. We believed that UAV can be an effective environmental management tool for the initial assessment of spontaneous combustion risk of coal waste dump after reclamation. • A UAV remote sensing approach to assess the spontaneous combustion risk of coal waste dump after reclamation. • Spontaneous combustion process caused damage and degradation to vegetation. • Vegetation growth parameters can be used to assess the severity and change direction of spontaneous combustion risk. • Surface temperature does not play a role in the detection of potential spontaneous combustion areas. • UAV is an effective management tool in spontaneous combustion monitoring of coal waste dump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) are two commonly used methods of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This study aimed to compare the short-term surgical outcomes of these two methods. Methods A prospectively maintained gastric cancer database between October 2004 and February 2014 was reviewed and 115 patients underwent LADG and 198 patients underwent TLDG were included. The clinical characteristics and perioperative clinical outcomes of two groups were compared. Moreover, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Results The mean operation time and blood loss were similar in two groups, as was the number of retrieved lymph nodes. There was no significant difference in time to first flatus, the time to restart oral intake, the length of the hospital stay after surgery, and postoperative complications. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the operative time, surgical margin, time to first flatus, length of hospital stay, mortality, overall, and anastomosis-related complications among the groups. However, the intraoperative blood loss was lower in TLDG (weighted mean difference = 21.50 mL; 95% confidence interval: 9.79-33.22; P < 0.01), and number of retrieved lymph nodes was higher in TLDG (weighted mean difference = -1.56; 95% confidence interval: -2.69 to -0.44; P < 0.01). Conclusions TLDG is safe and feasible compared with LADG. However, it is difficult to identify the clinical advantages of TLDG over LADG based on our study. Thus, the choice of surgical approach mainly depends on the patient conditions and the preference of the patients or surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive anthropogenic activities have led to drastic changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and impacted the carbon storage in high-groundwater coal basins. In this paper, we conduct a case study on the Yanzhou Coalfield in Shandong Province of China. We further classify waterbodies by using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to better investigate the process of LULC transformation and the forces driving it in four periods from 1985 to 2020 (i.e., 1985–1995, 1995–2005, 2005–2015, and 2015–2020). We modeled the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon storage by using InVEST based on the transformation in LULC and its drivers, including mining (M), reclamation (R), urbanization and village relocation (U), and ecological restoration (E). The results indicate that carbon storage had depleted by 19.69 % (321099.06 Mg) owing to intensive transformations in LULC. The area of cropland shrank with the expansion of built-up land and waterbodies, and 56.31 % of the study area underwent transitions in land use in the study period. U was the primary driver of carbon loss while E was the leading driver of carbon gain. While the direct impact of M on carbon loss accounted for only 5.23 % of the total, it affected urbanization and led to village relocation. R led to the recovery of cropland and the reclamation of water for aquaculture, which in turn improved the efficiency of land use. However, it contributed only 2.09 % to the total increase in carbon storage. Numerous complicated and intertwined processes (211) drove the changes in carbon storage in the study area. The work here provides valuable information for decision-makers as well as people involved in reclamation and ecological restoration to better understand the link between carbon storage and the forces influencing it. The results can be used to integrate the goals of carbon sequestration into measures for land management. [Display omitted] • The carbon storage impacted by LULC driving processes in high groundwater coal basins was investigated. • 56.31 % of the study area has undergone land use transition during 1985–2020. • The carbon storage decreased by19.69 % during the study years. • Urbanization and village relocation was the primary driver of carbon loss, ecological restoration was the leading driver of carbon gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that starvation induces small bowel atrophy, and that atrophy diminishes with aging. In this experiment, we assessed whether starvation-induced atrophy of proximal gut mucosa is associated with the Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling pathway in aged mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty 26-month-old IL-1R knockout mice and age-matched wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: ad libitum fed and fasted. Mice were euthanized 12 or 48 hours after starvation. The proximal small bowel was harvested for morphologic analysis. Gut epithelial cell proliferation was detected using immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptosis was identified using terminal deoxyuridine nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results: Aged IL-1R knockout mice were larger than aged-matched wild-type mice (P < 0.05). Proximal gut mucosal height and mucosal cell number were not different between aged IL-1R knockout and wild-type groups. The apoptosis index in gut epithelial cells was higher in fed IL-1R knockout versus wild-type mice (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in cell proliferation between both groups. Mucosal atrophy was induced in both aged IL-1R knockout and wild-type groups by starvation (P < 0.05), however, aged IL-1R knockout mice experienced greater loss in proximal gut weight, mucosal length, and corresponding cell number than did wild-type mice at the 12-h time point (P < 0.05). The apoptosis index in gut epithelial cells significantly increased in both groups after starvation (P < 0.05). Starvation decreased cell proliferation in IL-1R knockout mice (P < 0.05), but not in wild-type mice. Conclusions: The response in aged IL-1R knockout mice differs from wild-type mice in that starvation increases atrophy and is associated with decreased cell proliferation rather than increased apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three new ternary potassium(I) zinc(II) or cadmium(II) tellurides, namely, K2Cd2Te3, K6CdTe4 and K2ZnTe2, were synthesized by solid-state reactions of the mixture of pure elements of K, Cd (or Zn) and Te in Nb tubes at high temperature. K2Cd2Te3 belongs to a new structure type and its structure contains a novel two-dimensional [Cd2Te3]2− layers perpendicular to the b-axis. K(5) cation is located at the center of five member rings of the 2D [Cd2Te3]2− layer, whereas other K+ cations occupy the interlayer space. K6CdTe4 with a K6HgS4 type structure features a “zero-dimensional” structure composed of isolated CdTe4 tetrahedra separated by the K+ ions. K2ZnTe2 in the K2ZnO2 structural type displays 1D [ZnTe2]2− anionic chains of edge sharing [ZnTe4] tetrahedra separated by the potassium(I) ions. K2Cd2Te3, K6CdTe4 and K2ZnTe2 revealed a band gap of 1.93, 2.51 and 3.0eV, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new rare earth nickel stannide, Sm2NiSn4, has been prepared by reacting the pure elements at high temperature in welded tantalum tubes. Its crystal structure was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Sm2NiSn4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with cell parameters of a=16.878(2)Å, b=4.4490(7)Å, c=8.915(1)Å, and Z=4. Its structure can be viewed as the intermediate type between ZrSi2 and CeNiSi2. Sm2NiSn4 features two-dimensional (2D) corrugated [NiSn4]6− layers in which the 1D Sn zigzag chains and the 2D Sn square sheets are bridged by Ni atoms. The Sm3+ cations are located at the interlayer space. Results of both resistivity measurements and extended-Hückel tight-binding band structure calculations indicate that Sm2NiSn4 is metallic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Low-dimensional hybrid antimony halide perovskites have fascinated the extensive research for their excellent photoluminescence behaviors. However, reasonable optimization of luminescence performance through molecule-level structural regulation remains a formidable challenge. The solution evaporation method with the reaction of organic amines and acid solutions of metal salts is a well-established method for the synthetic of low-dimensional hybrid antimony halide. In this work, by selecting organic cations with different sizes as template molecules, we have successfully synthesized three hybrid antimony halides of 0D [HDBA] 2 SbCl 5 (1), 0D [H 2 ATMP] 2 SbCl 7 (2) and 1D [H 3 PMDETA]Sb 2 Cl 9 (3) (DBA ​= ​dibutylamine, ATMP ​= ​4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, PMDETA = N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). by the solution evaporation method at room temperature for 2–5 days. These hybrid antimony halides exhibit broadband yellow-light with the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 8.38%. According to detailed spectroscopy characterizations and theoretical calculations, the broadband light emissions should originate from self-trapped excitons (STEs). These antimony halides could be fabricated as white LEDs with highest color rendering index (>90%). The intrinsic broad-band light emissions and facile assembly process enable these hybrid antimony halides as promising candidates for yellow-light emitting materials. Structural design of hybrid antimony halide : Three antimony chlorides with different structures were prepared by facile solution method. These antimony chlorides have 0D pyramidal [SbCl 5 ]2- and 1D [Sb 2 Cl 9 ]3- chains, and display the broadband yellow-light emissions. [Display omitted] • Lead-free hybrid antimony halides with 0D pyramidal [SbCl 5 ]2- and 1D [Sb 2 Cl 9 ]3- chains. • Broadband yellow-light emissions originate from self-trapped excitons. • These hybrid antimony halides can be fabricated as white LEDs with high CRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new manganese thiogermanate, [(dien)2Mn]Ge2S4 (dien=diethylenetriamine), was prepared under mild solvothermal conditions and structurally and spectroscopically characterized. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, chiral space group P212121 (no. 19) with a=9.113(4) Å, b=12.475(5) Å, c=17.077(7) Å, V=1941.5(15) Å3 and Z=4. Its structure features a three-dimensional (3D) network composed of a one-dimensional (1D) [Ge2S4]2− anionic chain and a [(dien)2Mn]2+ complex interconnected via various hydrogen bonds. The most interesting structural feature of the compound is the presence of two different oxidation states of germanium centers in the 1D [Ge2S4]2− chain, which is also supported by the result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. The optical property of the title compound has also been studied by UV–vis spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The relationships between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src were investigated. The HBx gene transfected SMMC-7721 cells underwent morphological changes from a classic epithelial morphology to a spindle-like shape. The HBx transfection increased the invasive potential of these cells. When the transfected cells were exposed to the c-Src kinase inhibitor PP2, the cells recovered their original epithelial morphology and the mRNA and protein expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers returned to the parental cell levels. Our data suggest that activated c-Src played a critical role in the HBx-induced EMT of SMMC-7721 cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is responsible for primary liver dysfunction and failure after transplantation. The mitochondrial pathway appears to be involved in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K (mitoKATP) channels play a central role in protecting the heart from injury in ischemic preconditioning. The selective mitoKATP channel agonist diazoxide potently reduced mitochondrial injury by preventing cytochrome c loss from the intermembrane space. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether diazoxide can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in mice. Furthermore, it was found that up-regulation of the Bcl-2 gene is a mechanism of diazoxide cytoprotection. Materials and Methods: Donors were treated with diazoxide, Bcl-2 siRNA, or diazoxide + Bcl-2 siRNA and vehicle 10 min or 24 h before liver harvesting. Liver grafts were then orthotopically transplanted into their corresponding recipients. Results: Liver injury, as judged by transaminase level and histologic examination, was significantly lower in the diazoxide group compared with vehicle controls. The percentage of apoptotic cells and the amount of cytochrome c in the cytosol 6 h after transplant were also markedly reduced in diazoxide-treated grafts compared with vehicle-treated controls. Diazoxide notably up-regulated expression of Bcl-2, while siRNA knockdown of Bcl-2 abolished the cytoprotective effects of diazoxide. Conclusions: Diazoxide attenuated graft injury after mouse liver transplantation. One mechanism of diazoxide protection involves the induction of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. Diazoxide might be useful clinically in hepatic surgery and transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]