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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja vodenog rastvora jona srebra (JS) kao lokalnog adjuvantnog antiseptika u okviru kauzalne terapije parodontopatije u poređenju sa rastvorom hlorheksidina (CHX). U istraživanju je praćen uticaj vodenog rastvora jona srebra na vrednosti parametara oksidativnog i nitrozativnog statusa u salivi i gingivalnoj crevikularnoj tečnosti (GCF), kao što su: koncentracija supstanci koje reaguju sa tiobarbiturnom kiselinom (TBARS), koncentracija nitrita i nitrata (NO2+NO3), stvaranje superoksidnog anjona (O2 .- ), određivanje ukupnog antioksidativnog kapaciteta (TAS), aktivnost ukupne superoksid dizmutaze (tSOD), katalaze (SAT), glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i sadržaj ukupnog glutationa (tGSH). U prospektivnoj kohortnoj studiji uzelo je učešće 90 ispitanika (50 bolesnika i 40 kontrolnih subjekata), oba pola, dobi od 25-65 godina, podeljenih u četiri grupe. Prvu grupu (BJS, n=25) činili su ispitanici oboleli od generalizovane hronične parodontopatije, koji su bili tretirani u okviru kauzalne terapije višeseansnom metodom kiretaže parodontalnih džepova i poliranjem površine korena zuba, uz ispiranje parodontalnih džepova vodenim rastvorom jona srebra koncentracije 5mg/ml (JS). Ova grupa je bila praćena pre (BJS pre) i posle (BJS posle) terapije ovim antiseptikom. Druga grupa ispitanika (BCHX, n=25) je pored obrade parodontalnih džepova bila tretirana 0,2% rastvorom hlorheksidina (CHX) i takođe praćena pre (BCHX pre) i posle (BCHX posle) terapije. Kontrolnu grupu činili su sistemski zdravi ispitanici, podeljeni u dve grupe. Jedna grupa je dobijala rastvor jona srebra (ZJS, n=20), a druga rastvor hlorheksidina (ZCHX, n=20) za ispiranje usne duplje. Parametri koji su praćeni odnosili su se na ispitivanje gingive i parodoncijuma (plak ideks, gingivalni indeks, nivo pripojnog epitela, dubina parodontalnog džepa), kao i stepen oksidativnih, odnosno nitrozativnih aktivnosti u salivi i GCF pre i nakon parodontalne terapije. Rezultati sprovedene studije su pokazali da je vodeni rastvor srebrnih jona jednako efikasan kao hlorheksidin, a obzirom na njegovu bolju podnošljivost intezivna primena srebrnih jona kod bolesnika sa hroničnom generalizovanom parodontopatijom pokazuje veliki napredak u terapiji. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an colloidal silver ions solution as a local adjuvant antiseptic in the treatment of chronic periodontitis compared with a chlorhexidine solution. The study monitored the effect of an colloidal silver ions solution on the values of oxidative and nitrosative status parameters in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), such as: concentration of substances that reacts with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), concentration of nitrite and nitrate (NO2 +NO3) , superoxide anion formation (O2 .- ), determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total superoxide dismutase (tSOD) activity, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total glutathione (tGSH) content. The prospective cohort study was encompasseed 90 subjects (50 patients and 40 control subjects), of both sexes, aged 25-65 years, divided into four groups. The first group (BJS, n = 25) consisted of subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis, who were treated with a 5mg/ml of colloidal silver ions solution after scaling and root planing of periodontal pockets. This group was monitored before and after the therapy with this antiseptic. The second group of subjects (BCHX, n = 25) were treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution and also monitored before and after the therapy. The control group consisted of systemically healthy subjects, divided into two groups. One group received a colloidal silver ions solution (ZJS, n = 20), and the other a solution of chlorhexidine (ZCHX, n = 20) due to oral cavity rinsing. The monitored parameters related to the examination of the gingiva and periodontium (plaque index, gingival index, the clinical attachment level, the periodontal pocket depth), as well as the degree of oxidative and nitrosative activities in the saliva and GCF before and after periodontal therapy. The results of the study showed that a colloidal silver ions solution was at least equally effective as a chlorhexidine solution. Intensive use of silver ions solution in chronic generalized periodontitis patients showed great progress in causal therapy, because of its better tolerability Key words: periodontitis; oxidative stress; nitrosative status; scaling and root planing; antiseptics

Uvod: U ovoj studiji su ispitivani efekti ekstrakta biljke Satureja hortensis L. (SHL) na biheviorlane manifestacije neurotoksičnosti izazvane cisplatinom kod pacova. Materijal i metode: Studija je sprovedena na 35 pacova Wistar albino soja, starosti 2 meseca, telesne mase 200-250 g, podeljenih u 7 grupa: kontrolna, cisplatina, cisplatina+ SHL 50 mg/kg, cisplatina+SHL 100 mg/kg, cisplatina+SHL 200 mg/kg, cisplatina+silimarin 100mg/kg i SHL 200 mg/kg. Cisplatina je primenjivana u pojedinačnoj dozi (7.5 mg/kg), dok je antioksidantna suplementacija sprovođena oralno tokom 10 dana. Bihevioralni testovi su izvođeni desetog dana protokola, nakon čega su životinje žrtvovane u cilju dobijanja uzoraka hipokampusa za određivanje markera oksidativnog stresa i apoptoze. Rezultati: Rezultati bihevioralnog ispitivanja su pokazali anksiogeni efekat cisplatine koji je bio ublažen primenom SHL ekstrakta (100 mg/kg) pri čemu je slabiji odgovor bio u grupama tretiranim ekstraktom SHL u dozama od 50 i 200 mg/kg. Takođe, smanjenje neurotoksičnosti izazvano cisplatinom, u smislu povećanja markera oksidativnog stresa i apoptoze, je ostvareno primenom ekstrakta u dozi od 100 mg/kg. Neuroprotektivni efekat SHL je bio sličan dejstvu silimarina u istoj dozi. Ekstrakt SHL nije uzrokovao značajne promene ispitivanih parametara kada je primenjivan samostalno. Zaključak: Anksiogeni efekat, kao manifestacija neurotoksičnosti izazvane cisplatinom, je u bihevioralnim testovima bio uspešno umanjen oralnom primenom ekstrakta SHL u optimalnoj dozi (100 mg/kg). Korisni efekti ove vrste antioksidantne suplementacije su takođe potvrđeni smanjenjem oksidativnog oštećenja i apoptotskih mehanizama. Introduction: In this study we evaluated effects of Saturejа hortensis L. (SHL) extract on behavioral manifestations of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Material and methods: The study was performed on 35 Wistar albino rats, 2 months old, weighting 200-250 g, divided into 7 groups: control, cisplatin, cisplatin+SHL 50 mg/kg, cisplatin+SHL 100 mg/kg, cisplatin+SHL 200 mg/kg, cisplatin+silymarin 100 mg/kg, and SHL 200 mg/kg. Cisplatin was administered in a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg and antioxidant supplementation was performed orally for 10 days. Behavioral testing was performed on 10th day and then the animals were sacrificed in order to obtain the samples for oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in hippocampus. Results: The results of behavioral testing showed cisplatin-induced anxiogenic effect, that was diminished with SHL extract in a dose of 100mg/kg, with much weaker responses to SHL extracts in doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg. Also, the attenuation of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity, by means of increased oxidative stress and apoptotic markers, was successfully achieved with SHL extract in a dose of 100 mg/kg. The neuroprotective effect of SHL was similar to silymarin action in the same dose. When applied alone, SHL extract induced no significant effect in any of parameters followed. Conclusion: Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity manifested by anxiogenic response in behavioral testing can be successfully attenuated by oral administration of SHL extract in an optimal dose (100 mg/kg). The beneficial effects of this kind of antioxidant supplementation were also confirmed by decreased oxidative damage and apoptotic mechanisms.

Introduction. Energy drinks (EDs) are widely used by athletes as ergogenic agents. The aims of this study were to determine the acute, chronic and direct effects of Red Bull®, one of the most consumed EDs, on cardiodynamics and the parameters of oxidative stress in physically active and physically inactive rats. Material and method. The study lasted 4 weeks. Rats were divided into 2 groups depending on the consumption of Red Bull (3.75 ml/kg), and each group was divided into 2 subgroups, depending on the physical activity. The trained rats were subjected to a swimming practice (1h per day, 5 days a week). After sacrificing, the animals were sampled for venous blood to determine the plasma redox status. Subsequently, the hearts were isolated and perfused by Langendorf method of retrograde perfusion. The coronary flow and parameters of left ventricular function were monitored: maximum rate of change of left ventricle pressure, minimum rate of change of left ventricle pressure, systolic left ventricular pressure, diastolic left ventricular pressure, and heart rate. The biomarkers of oxidative stress in the blood and effluent were determined by the spectrophotometric methods: superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, index of lipid peroxidation, nitrite monoxide in the form of nitrite, as well as the parameters of antioxidant protection system: superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione.Results. The negative effects of the acute, chronic and direct administration of the ED on cardiac function were registered in untrained animals. In trained animals, the acute and chronic consumption of the ED resulted in increasing the coronary flow and most cardiodynamic parameters, while the direct administration of the ED resulted in decreasing rates of contractility and relaxation, and was associated with the depression of cardiac function. In untrained animals, the administration of the ED had a pro-oxidative effect in the coronary effluent (acute and direct administration) as well as in blood (acute and chronic administration). In trained animals, the acute, chronic and direct administration of the ED had a pro-oxidative potential in the coronary effluent, whereas antioxidant activity was registered in the blood after the acute administration of the ED. Conclusion. Our study contributes to the knowledge on the effects of EDs on cardiodynamics and the redox status correlated with the exercise status.

SAŽETAK: Uvod: U ovoj studiji su ispitivani bihevioralni efekti dugotrajne primene dijetetskih protokola sa povećanim sadržajem metionina i nedostatkom folata, piridoksina i kobalamina, kao i uticaj primene statina uz navedene dijetetske protokole kod pacova. Materijal i metode: Studija je sprovedena na 72 pacova Wistar albino soja, starosti četiri nedelje, telesne mase 100±15g, podeljenih u 9 grupa, na osnovu primenjenih dijetetskih protokola - standardna hrana, hrana sa povećanim sadržajem metionina, hrana sa povećanim sadržajem metionina i smanjenim sadržajem folata, piridoksina i kobalamina. U odgovarajućim grupama uz navedene protokole, aplicirani su statini - atorvastatin (3 mg/kg) ili simvastatin (5 mg/kg). Protokoli su trajali 30 dana, nakon čega su vršeni bihevioralni testovi, a nakon toga su životinje žrtvovane u cilju dobijanja uzoraka za analizu parametara oksidativnog statusa u tkivu hipokampusa. Rezultati: Rezultati bihevioralnog ispitivanja su pokazali da primenjeni dijetetski protokoli sa povećanim sadržajem metionina, kao i sa povećanim sadržajem metionina i nedostatkom vitamina V kompleksa (V6, V9, V12) dovode do ispoljavanja anksiogenog i prodepresantnog efekta. Istovremena primena statina uz navedene protokole je ublažavala negativne bihevioralne efekte dijetetskih režima. Parametri za procenu oksidativnog stresa u hipokampusu su potvrđivali oksidativno oštećenje uzrokovano dijetetskim protokolima, dok je simultana primena statina smanjivala oksidativno oštećenje hipokampalnog tkiva. Zaključak: Hronična primena dijete sa povećanim sadržajem metionina, kao i sa povećanim sadržajem metionina uz nedostatak vitamina V kompleksa (V6, V9, V12) je dovela do ispoljavanja anksiogenog i prodepresantnog efekta, uz istovremeno povećanje oksidativnog oštećenja u tkivu hipokampusa. Istovremena primena statina (atorvastatin i simvastatin) sprovođena uz dijetetski protokol sa povećanim unosom metionina, kao i uz dodatni nedostatak vitamina V kompleksa, je ublažavala negativne bihevioralne efekte izazvane dijetetskim protokolima, uz smanjenje stepena oksidativnog oštećenja tkiva hipokampusa. ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral effects of special dietary protocols enriched with methionine and deficient in folate, pyridoxine and cobalamine in rats. The effects of statins, simultaneously applied with special dietary protocols, were also investigated in this study. Material and methods: The investigation was performed on 72 male Wistar albino rats, 4 weeks old, 100 ± 15 g body weight. They were divided (eight per group) according to the basic dietary protocols: standard chow, methionine-enriched, and methionine-enriched vitamins B (B6, B9, B12) deficient diet. Each dietary protocol included groups with atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/day) and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day). Applied dietary protocols lasted for 30 days. Behavioral testing was performed following completion of dietary pretreatment and parameters of oxidative stress were determined in hippocampal tissue samples following decapitation after anesthesia. Results: The results of behavioral testing showed that methionine-load dietary protocols, as well as methionine-enriched diet with restricted vitamins B intake, induced anxiogenic and prodepressant effects. Simultaneous statins administration attenuated negative behavioral effects of both applied dietary protocols. Parameters for oxidative stress estimation confirmed oxidative damage in rat hippocampus, while simultaneous application of statins attenuated oxidative damage caused by applied dietary protocols. Conclusion: Chronic dietary interventions enriched with methionine and deficient in folate, pyridoxine and cobalamine induced anxiogenic and prodepressant effects, which were accompanied by increased oxidative stress in rat hippocampus. Simultaneous statins administration with methionine overloading dietary protocols showed beneficial effects by means of attenuation of both negative behavioral effects and oxidative stress parameters in hippocampal tissue.

Uvod: Melanom nastaje usled maligne transformacije melanocita i dominantno se javlja u koži, ali se može razviti i u sluznici, oku i u bilo kojem tkivu koje sadrži melanocite. Predstavlja najređi oblik malignih tumora kože, ali i najagresivniji jer je odgovoran za 60% smrtnih ishoda povezanih sa malignim tumorima kože. Glavni ciljevi ove studije bili su ispitati korelaciju serumskih vrednosti IL27 i vrednosti parametara oksidativnog stresa (tSOD, MnSOD, CAT, MDA i O2•–) sa kliničko-patološkim karakteristikama melanoma, kao i ispitati međusobnu povezanost koncentracija IL27 i vrednosti parametara oksidativnog stresa. Pacijenti i metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno 72 ispitanika sa dijagnozom melanoma, prosečne starosti oko 50 godina i 30 zdravih ispitanika. Koncentracija IL27 je određivana metodom ELISA testa, dok su parametri oksidativnog stresa određivani spektrofotometrijskim metodama. Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da su pacijenti sa melanom imali značajno povećanu produkciju O2•– i nivo markera oksidativnog stresa tj. MDA u odnosu na zdrave osobe, kao i izmenjen mehanizam antioksidativne zaštite (aktivnosti tSOD i MnSOD se nisu razlikovale između kontrolne grupe i obolelih od melanoma, dok je aktivnost SAT bila značajno veća kod obolelih od melanoma). Takođe, pokazano je da koncentracija IL27 značajno veća u serumu zdravih osoba u odnosu na obolele od melanoma. Pokazano je da je interleukin 27 dobar marker bolesti, dok su: O2•-, MDA i CAT osrednje dobri markeri bolesti. Takođe, pokazana je negativna korelacija između sledećih parametara: IL27 i CAT, IL27 i tSOD, IL27 i MnSOD. Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na moguću protektivnu ulogu IL27 u bolesnika sa melanomom, što može biti korisno za razumevanje efekata IL27 i ukazati na mogućnost upotrebe ovog citokina u imunoterapiji. Praćenje parametra oksidativnog stresa može biti korisno u proceni stepena razvoja oksidativnog stresa i statusa antioksidativne odbrane u funkciji progresije melanoma. Introduction: Melanoma is caused by malignant transformation of melanocytes and predominantly occurs in the skin, but can also develop in the mucous membrane, in the eye and in any tissue containing melanocytes. It is the rarest form of malignant skin tumors, but also the most aggressive because it is responsible for 60% of deaths associated with malignant skin tumors. The main objectives of this study were to examine the correlation of serum IL27 values and the values of oxidative stress parameters (tSOD, MnSOD, CAT, MDA and O2•-) with clinical-pathological characteristics of melanoma, as well as to examine the interconnectedness of IL27 concentrations and the values of oxidative stress parameters. Patients and methods: The study included 72 subjects with a diagnosis of melanoma, an average age of 50 years and 30 healthy subjects. The IL27 concentration was determined by the ELISA test method, while the parameters of oxidative stress were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results: The results of this study show that patients with melanoma had a significantly increased production of O2•- and level of MDA (markers of oxidative stress), compared to healthy controls, as well as the modified antioxidant mechanism (the activities of tSOD and MnSOD were not different between control group and melanoma patients, while CAT activity was significantly higher in melanoma patients). It has also been shown that the concentration of IL27 is significantly higher in the serum of healthy individuals compared to melanoma patients. Interleukin 27 has been shown to be a good marker of the disease, while: O2•-, MDA and CAT are the moderately good markers of the disease. Also, it has been shown a negative correlation between the following parameters: IL27 and CAT, IL27 and tSOD, IL27 and MnSOD. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate the possible protective role of IL27 in patients with melanoma, which can be useful for understanding the effects of IL27 and to indicate the possibility of using this cytokine in immunotherapy. Monitoring of the oxidative stress parameters can be useful in assessing the degree of development of oxidative stress and the status of antioxidant defense in the function of melanoma progression.

Cilj istraživanja bio je da analizira promene parametara redoks statusa i inflamacije kod pacova izloženih eksperimentalnom modelu pretreniranosti. Pacovi su podeljeni u tri grupe (kontrole, umereno trenirani, preterano često trenirani pacovi) i podvrgnuti različitom trenažnom protokolu tokom 9-12 nedelja. U krvi pacova izmereni su nivoi markera oksidacionog stresa (superoksid anjon radikal, vodonik peroksid, nitriti, lipidni peroksidi), antioksidativne zaštite (aktivnost superoksid dismutaze i katalaze, nivo redukovanog glutationa) i citokina (interleukina 6 i tumor nekrozis faktora alfa). Primenjeni eksperimentalni protokol plivanja nije indukovao pretreniranost kod pacova. Primenjeni protokoli treninga nisu doveli do poremećaja redoks ravnoteže u krvi pacova, već do smanjenja nivoa prooksidativnih parametara u plazmi (kod umereno treniranih pacova) odnosno ushodnu regulaciju antioksidativnog sistema (kod preterano često treniranih pacova). Primenjeni protokoli treninga nisu doveli do značajnih promena nivoa proinflamatornih medijatora u plazmi pacova. Obzirom na izostanak dijagnoze pretreniranosti, naša studija ne doprinosi značajno rasvetljavanju uloge oksidativnog stresa i inflamacije u ovom sindromu, međutim, ona daje važne smernice za dizajniranje budućih plivačkih trenažnih protokola, posebno onih koji za cilj imaju indukovanje pretreniranosti. Takođe, naša studija doprinosi saznanjima o efektima različitih trenažnih protokola na redoks i inflamatorni status vežbača. The aim of the research was to analyze the changes of parameters of redox state and inflammation in blood of rats subjected to an experimental model of overtraining. The rats were divided into three groups (control, moderately trained, overfrequently trained rats) and subjected to different training protocol during 9-12 weeks. In rats’ blood following markers were measured: oxidative stress markers (superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation), markers of antioxidative defence (superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and level of reduced glutathione) and markers of inflammation (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha). Applied experimental protocol did not induce overtraining in rats. Applied training protocols did not induce disturnabnce of redox state in blood, but on the contrary: the decrease of levels of prooxidative parameters (in moderately trained rats) and upregulation of antioxidative defence (in overfrequently trained rats). Applied training protocols did not induce significant changes in levels of proinflammatory mediators in rats’ blood. Given the lack of diagnosis of overtraining, our study does not contribute significantly to shed light on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this syndrome, however, it provides important guidance for designing future swimming training protocols, especially those that aim to induce overtraining. Also, our study contributes to knowledge about the effects of different protocols of training on redox and inflammatory status of exercisers.

Cilj ove studije je bio da ispita i utvrdi status hidriranosti mladih košarkaša tokom jednog višednevnog turnira. Metode. Studija je sprovedena tokom turnira Evropskog prvenstva za mlade košarkaše do 20 godina „U-20 Division "B" European Championship“ u trajanju od 4 dana. Studija je obuhvatila 96 sportista iz 8 nacionalnih selekcija koje su učestvovale na ovom takmičarskom turniru. Sakupljani su uzorci urina neposredno nakon buđenja, pre i nakon utakmice. Pre i nakon utakmice merena je telesna težina koja je zajedno sa količinom unosa tečnosti i količinom uzorka urina nakon utakmice korišćena za procenu nivoa dehidratacije The aim of this study was to investigate and establish the hydration status of young basketball players during a multi-day tournament. Methods. The study was conducted during the tournament of the European Championships for young basketball players up to 20 years"U- 20 Division "B" European Championship" for a period of 4 days. The study included 96 athletes from eight national teams that took part in this competition tournament. Urine samples were collected immediately after waking up, before and after the game. Before and after the match body weight was measured, and, together with the amount of fluid intake and urine samples after the game, was used to assess the level of dehydration.

Cilj istraživanja bio je da ispita efekte protokola usmerenog izazivanju pretreniranosti na kardiodinamiku, koronarni protok i oksidativni stres u koronarnom efluentu izolovanog srca pacova. Pacovi su podeljeni u tri grupe (kontrole, umereno trenirani, preterano često trenirani pacovi) i podvrgnuti različitom trenažnom protokolu tokom 9-12 nedelja. Nakon žrtvovanja životinja, srce je izolovano i perfundovano na Langendorf aparatu, a tokom koronarne autoregulacije (koronarni perfuzioni pritisak 40-120 mmHg) praćeni su sledeći kardiodinamski parametri leve komore: maksimalna i minimalna stopa promene pritiska, sistolni i dijastolni pritisak, srčana frekvenca. Koronarni protok meren je floumetrijski, a u koronarnom efluentu određeni su nivoi parametara oksidacionog stresa (superoksid anjon radikal, vodonik peroksid, nitriti, lipidni peroksidi). Primenjeni eksperimentalni protokol plivanja nije indukovao pretreniranost kod pacova. Preterano često plivanje dovelo je do pozitivnih promena u kardiodinamici i koronarnom protoku izolovanih srca pacova, u većoj meri od umerenog trenažnog protokola. Rezultati naše studije potvrđuju pozitivne efekte redovnog aerobnog treninga na srce, i pokazuju da često vežbanje, ukoliko je intenzitet vežbanja umeren, nema štetne efekte na kardiodinamiku. U poređenju sa kontrolama, srca umereno treniranih, a posebno često treniranih pacova, produkovala su niže nivoe prooksidanata. Ovakvi rezultati verovatno su posledica bolje srčane funkcije, kao i aktivnosti antioksidativnog sistema kod često treniranih pacova. Obzirom na izostanak dijagnoze pretreniranosti, naša studija ne doprinosi značajno rasvetljavanju veze između ovog fenomena, funkcije srca i uloge oksidativnog stresa u ovom sindromu, međutim, ona daje važne smernice za dizajniranje budućih plivačkih trenažnih protokola, posebno onih koji za cilj imaju indukovanje pretreniranosti. Takođe, naša studija doprinosi saznanjima o efektima različitih trenažnih protokola na kardiodinamiku i redoks status u srcu. The aim of the research was to explore the effects of the training protocol designed for overtraining induction on cardiodynamics, coronary flow and oxidative stress in coronary effluent from an isolated rat heart. The rats were divided into three groups (control, moderately trained, overfrequently trained rats) and subjected to different training protocol during 9-12 weeks. After sacrificing animals, hearts were excised, isolated and perfused on a Langendorf apparatus, and following cardiodynamic parameters of the left ventricle were measured during coronary autoregulation (coronary perfusion pressure 40-120 mmHg): maximal and minimal rate of pressure change, systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate. Coronary flow was measured flowmetrically, and in coronary effluent following parameters of oxidative stress were measured: superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, lipid peroxides. Applied experimental protocol did not induce overtraining in rats. Overfrequent swimming lead to positive changes in cardiodynamics and coronary flow, in a greater rate than moderate training. The results of our study confirm positive effects of regular aerobic exercise training on the heart, and show that frequent exercise, if the intensity of exercise is moderate, it is not harmful for the heart. In comparison with controls, hearts of rats trained moderately, and especially hearts of overfrequently trained rats, produced lower levels of prooxidants. Those results are probably a consequence of better cardiac function, as well as activity of antioxidative system in overfrequently trained rats. Given the lack of diagnosis of overtraining, our study does not contribute significantly to shed light on the relationship between this phenomenon, function of the heart and the role of oxidative stress in this syndrome, however, it provides important guidance for designing future swimming training protocols, especially those that aim to induce overtraining. Also, our study contributes to knowledge about the effects of different protocols of training on cardiodynamics and redox status of the heart.

Cilj ove studije je bio da ispita evaluacija efekata akutne administracije Pt(IV)-kompleksa, kalijum-tetrahloro-platinata (II), cisplatine, 1,2-diamino-cikloheksana i etilen-diamina na srčani mišić i koronarnu cirkulaciju izolovanog srca pacova. Metod. U studiji je analizirano 84 pacova (Vistar albino soj, muški pol, starosti 8 nedelja, telesne mase 250±50g) kojima se izolovalo srce i perfundovalo metodom retrogradne perfuzije po Langendorfu (Langendorff apparatus, Experimetria Ltd, 1062 Budapest, Hungary) pri konstantnom koronarnom perfuzionom pritisku od 70 sm H2O. Istraživanje je bilo podeljeno u petnaest (7) eksperimentalnih grupa. Vrednost koronarnog protoka su određivane floumetrijski. Uz pomoć senzora u levoj komori srca kontinuirano su praćeni parametri funkcije leve komore. Iz uzoraka koronarnog venskog efluenta određivani su parametri oksidacionog stresa i enzimi nekroze miokarda. Rezultati istraživanja su prikazani na 14 tabeli i 9 grafikona. Sumarno posmatrano, sve akutno aplikovane supstance su izazvale negativan efekat na izolovanom srcu pacova. Perfundovanje srca sa Pt(IV) kompleksima izazvalo je dozno-zavisno sniženje koronarnog protoka. Zaključak. Direktni efekti Pt(IV)-kompleksa ([PtCl4(en)] i [PtCl4(dach)]) i etilendiamina na izolovano srce pacova bili dominantno ograničeni na koronarni endotel, a manje na srčani mišić. The aim of this study was to examine the evaluation of the effects of acute administration of Pt (IV) complexes, potassium tetrachloro-platinata (II), cisplatin, 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane and ethylene diamine in cardiac muscle and coronary circulation in isolated rat heart. Method. The study analyzed 84 rats (Wistar albino strain, male gender, age 8 weeks, body weight 250 ± 50 g) which isolate the heart and retrograde perfusion method perfundovalo by Langendorf (Langendorff apparatus, Experimetria Ltd., 1062 Budapest, Hungary) at constant coronary perfusion pressure of 70 cm H2O. The study was divided into fifteen (7) of the experimental group. The value of coronary flow were determined floumetrijski. With the help of sensors in the left ventricle of the heart are continuously monitored parameters of left ventricular function. Samples from the coronary venous effluent were determined parameters of oxidative stress and enzymes of myocardial necrosis. The research results are shown in Table 14 and Chart 9. In summary, all acutely administrated substances have caused a negative effect on the isolated rat heart. Perfundovanje heart with Pt (IV) complex showed a dose-dependent decrease of coronary blood flow. Conclusion. Direct effects of Pt (IV) complexes ([PtCl4(en)] and [PtCl4(dach)]) and ethylenediamine in the isolated rat heart were predominantly limited to the coronary endothelium, and less to the heart muscle.

Cilj ove studije je bio da ispita efekat različitih režima ishrane u smislu različitog udela polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (n-3 i n-6 PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)) u ishrani na vrednosti morfoloških i funkcionalnih parametara, kao i proinflamatornih medijatora i nivo oksidativnog stresa, u miru i nakon maksimalnog testa opterećenja pre i nakon dvomesečnog trenažnog programa. Metode. U studiji je učestvovalo 75 mladih fudbalera omladinske fudbalske škole `Kragujevac`, starosti od 18 - 19 godina. Svi ispitanici imali su sportski staž od minimalno 5 godina, sa 12 sati treninga nedeljno. Oni su bili podeljeni u tri grupe: dve eksperimentalne i kontrolnu grupu. Svi ispitanicim su bili podvrgnuti standardnom sportsko-medicinskom pregledu, a potom i određivanju nivoa proinflamatornih medijatora i nivoa oksidativnog stresa, u miru i nakon maksimalnog testa opterećenja pre i nakon dvomesečnog trenažnog programa. Rezultati. Dodatak ribljeg i suncokretovog ulja je bio povezan sa povećanjem aerobne moći ispitivanih fudbalera, i može biti vrlo korisna kako u redukciji oksidacionog stresa, tako i u podizanju aktivnosti antioksidacionog enzimskog sistema naših ispitanika. Tokom fizičkog opterećenja suplementacija različitim vrstama PUFA nije imala značajni uticaj na markere oksidacionog stresa. Takođe, upotreba različitih vrsta PUFA nije bitnije uticala na proizvodnju citokina neposredno nakon akutnog nastupa sportske aktivnosti (testa opterećenja). Zaključak. Režim ishrane koji podrazumeva dodatak ribljeg i suncokretovog ulja u kombinaciji sa stručno vođenim i pažljivo planiranim trenažnim procesom pozitivno utiče na povećanje funkcionalnih karakteristika i inflamatorno-oksidacionog odgovora ispitivanih fudbalera, što je izuzetno važno u podizanju nivoa njihove fizičke spreme i postizanju vrhunskih sportiskih performansi. Ovaj nalaz može biti koristan u proceni kvaliteta treninga, koji je kod adolescenata od krucijalnog značaja za pravilan psiho-fizički razvoj i dalju karijeru. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different diets in terms of various proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3and n-6 PUFA) in the diet, on the morphological and phynctional parameters, as well as pro-inflammatory and mediators of oxidative stress, at rest and after maximal exercise test before and after a two-month training program. Methods. The study included 75 young players of the youth soccer school `Kragujevac`, aged 18 - 19 years. All subjects had sports experience of minimum 5 years, with 12 hoursof training per week. They were divided into three groups: two experimental and the control group. All subjects underwent a standard sport-medical examination and then determination of the level of proinflammatory mediators and the level of oxidative stress markers at rest and after a maximal exercise test before and after a two-month training program. Results. Suplementation of fish and sunflower oil was associated with an increase in aerobic power of the tested players, and can be very useful in the reduction of oxidative stress, as well as raising in activity of antioxidant enzymatic system of our subjects. During exercise testing different types of PUFA supplementation had no significant effect on oxidative stress markers. Also, the use of different types of PUFA did not significantly affect the production of cytokines immediately after acute performance sports activities (exercise test). Conclusion. Diet supplement that includes fish and sunflower oil, combined with expert guided and carefully planned training process has a positive effect on increasing the phynctional characteristics and oxidativeinflammatory response of tested players, which is extremely important in raising the level of their physical fitness and achieving top sport performance. This finding may be useful in assessing the quality of training, which in adolescents is crucial for proper mental and physical development and further career.

Istraživanje je koncipirano tako da ispita uticaj programiranog fizičkog vežbanja na aktivnost pro i antiinflamatornih citokina i oksidativnih enzima, kao i na morfo-funkcionalne parametre. Korelacijom je dokazivana jačina povezanosti svih oksidativnih enzima, inflamatornih citokina, i morfo-funkcionalnih parametara nakon sprovedenog šestomesečnog trenažnog ciklusa. Svi rezultati sportista su upoređivani sa vrednostima nesportista u mirovanju. Prvi deo istraživanja obuhvatio je 28 fudbalera, starosti 12-13 godina i najmanje petogodišnjim trenažnim iskustvom, i 28 dečaka iste starosti, koji nemaju programiranu fizičku aktivnost. Svi su podvrgnuti merenju telesne kompozicije. Prvi deo istraživanja sastojao se od uzimanja uzoraka krvi u miru i nakon progresivno rastućeg testa opterećenja radi određivanja nivoa biohemijskih parametara oksidativnog stresa (superoksid anjon radikal, vodonik peroksid, azot monoksid, indeks lipidne peroksidacije, superoksid dismutaza,katalaza i redukovani glutation) i inflamatornih citokina (tumorske nekroze faktor alfa i interleukina 6). Drugi deo istraživanja je obuhvatao samo sportiste. Ponovljen je progresivni rastući test opterećenja kao i uzimanje uzoraka venske krvi radi ponovljenih biohemijskih testova svih parametara oksidativnog stresa i inflamatornih citokina u cilju procene nivoa njihove aktivnosti nakon sprovedenog šestomesečnog programa treninga. Rezultati naše studije pokazuju da programiran trenažni proces dovodi do pozitivne aktivacije antioksidativnih enzima prvog odbrambenog zida, sniženog inflamatornog odgovora i pozitivnih morfo - funkcionalnih promena. Korelacija redoks ravnoteže i praćenih citokina pokazuje nisku povezanost. Morfo-funkcionalni parametri pokazuju slabu ili nikakvu povezanost sa redoks ravnotežom i inflamatornim citokinima. The research was designed to examine the effects of programmed physical exercise on the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzymes, as well as on the morpho-functional parameters. The correlation was used to assess the strength of relationship between oxidative enzymes, inflamatory citokines and morphofunctional parameters after 6 months of programmed football training. All the results of athletes were compared with results of non athletes at rest. The investigation included 28 players with minimum 5 years of sports experience, aged 12-13 years, and 28 age/matched boys not engaged in physical activity. All underwent measurement of body composition.The first part of the research included blood sampling at rest and after progressively increasing load test to determine the levels of biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6). The second part of the study included only the athletes. Progressively increasing load test was performed and venous blood samples taken in order to assess changes in biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation due to six/month training programme. The results of the research show that programmed training leads to positive activation of antioxidative enzymes of the first defense wall, decreased inflamatory response and positive morphofunctional changes. Correlation of redox balance and monitored cytokines showed a low relationship. Morpho - functional parameters showed poor or no correlation with the redox balance and inflammatory cytokines.