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Mastery of the art of crafting online reviews and responses is essential as a valuable additional tool for enhancing learners' English proficiency in specialised contexts. This study aims to: 1) Examine the formality levels in crafting reviews and responses; 2) Explore face-threatening acts utilised in reviews and politeness strategies employed in responses; and 3) Uncover moves and steps in composing reviews and responses. Data was collected from the Top 25 Hotels in the World in 2022 according to Tripadvisor.com. Six distinct corpora were formed, comprising positive, negative, and mixed reviews, along with corresponding responses, resulting in 87,973 tokens. Findings show reviewers leaned towards casual language (85.87%), while respondents used a consultative style (82.67%) in their responses. The shift from casual to consultative occurred most frequently (70.67%). For politeness, admiration (73.07%) and expressions of complaints/reprimands (64.53%) were common in reviews. In responses, strategies like offering, promising, or giving gifts (72.00%) and apologising and begging for forgiveness (50.40%) were prevalent. Reviews used three moves and ten steps, while responses employed six moves and 16 steps. These insights can be integrated into ESP classrooms to enhance review and response writing skills effectively.

The recent expansion in Black suburbanization is the most substantial shift in Black American residential patterns since the Great Migration. It has left Blacks more sorted between urban and suburban neighborhoods across metropolitan areas. This study explores whether this increasing residential stratification is associated with differentiation in Blacks' political views on racialized issues. I first lay out a theory of Black political sorting by place, specifying processes inherent in suburbanization that could lead to opinion stratification between suburban and urban Blacks. This is followed by a descriptive analysis of American Voices Project interviews with suburban and urban Black respondents. The data show Black suburbanization is neither as economically transformative nor politically differentiating as might be expected. Despite subtle opinion differences between suburban and urban respondents, they mostly converge in their bleak assessments of racialized issues.

This study explores users' perceptions of the Virtual Assistant application facilitated by the Anadolu University Open Education System. It assesses the application's effectiveness and user satisfaction by analyzing opinions regarding its importance and the experience it delivers. The research delineates its population as learners engaging with the Virtual Assistant within the Anadolu University Open Education Framework. Employing a sequential explanatory design within mixed-method research methodologies, the investigation commenced with an online Virtual Assistant Satisfaction Survey involving 374 participants as the sample-subsequent focus group discussions with 18 users aimed to delve deeper into satisfaction levels vis-à-vis user expectations. Findings indicate a moderate level of satisfaction among users with the Virtual Assistant application, reflecting a congruence with anticipated outcomes. Moreover, the analysis across various dimensions revealed a comprehensive satisfaction in alignment with user expectations, particularly highlighting approval for the application's adherence to the Open Education website's design language. Conversely, dissatisfaction was noted concerning the specificity and utility of the information provided. The study identifies a disparity in satisfaction levels, with high marks in design aspects and lower evaluations in usability. Recommendations are extended towards enhancing the Virtual Assistant and similar tools through user-centric development and encouraging further research predicated on the insights garnered from this study.

This study explores the perspectives of Indian library professionals on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries. It aims to understand their knowledge, awareness, and views on AI and its challenges and opportunities. The research adopts a quantitative approach, using a closed-ended survey to collect data from 386 library professionals in academic institutions across India. The survey covers various aspects, including socio-demographic information, AI knowledge, perspectives on AI in libraries, ethical considerations, and adopting AI tools and services. The findings indicate that Indian library professionals are generally aware of AI and its potential benefits in libraries. They believe AI can enhance library activities, improve accessibility, and support decision-making. However, there are concerns about AI replacing human intelligence within libraries. Factors such as user privacy, funding, staff expertise, and alignment with institutional goals are essential when implementing AI applications. Ethical considerations, including bias and discrimination, intellectual freedom, and transparency, are also significant concerns. AI tools like smart shelving and optical character recognition (OCR) are among the technologies already adopted in Indian libraries.

This practice report provides an overview of a podcast series designed to support first-year student transition to university and promote wellbeing and belonging. The podcast was established in 2017 in a compulsory first year law subject (Legal Institutions and Methods) at La Trobe University, Australia. The podcasts record interviews with students who have recently completed the subject and are designed to (a) give interviewees an opportunity to reflect on their experiences and (b) provide advice to future commencing law students (i.e., their peers). The podcast is a form of peer-to-peer mentoring that requires a relatively small investment of resources and provides on-demand support to students as they commence their law studies. The concept is readily adaptable to other disciplines.

With the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world in 2019, human life has moved to a different dimension. Accordingly, the education process was carried out remotely in Turkey as well as in the rest of the world. Virtual education was not a new concept for societies, but conducting the entire education process remotely was a very different practice and this practice brought many problems with it. In this context, this study aims to determine the opinions of teachers after the pandemic regarding the virtual education process of primary school students with disabilities who continue inclusive education settings. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted and data were collected by conducting semi-structured individual interviews with 10 primary school teachers who have students with disabilities in their class. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Research results revealed that teachers did not have any problems in involving students with disabilities who were supported by their parents and who did not have any infrastructure problems in terms of technical equipment, but they have problems in including some children in virtual education. Teachers had difficulty in following the education of students with disabilities during the virtual education process implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, it is a very important issue that our national action plans are ready for the education process of students with disabilities, especially for situations such as pandemics and natural disasters that have recently occurred in our country.

Purpose: This study investigates teachers' professional judgement about Russia's war on Ukraine as an unplanned, controversial classroom issue. Design: It employs 26 interviews with Russian teachers collected during the invasion's first month. Findings: The analysis identifies six situations and five teaching approaches that emerged in response to these, with varying degrees of student voice and political commitment. The inclusion of student voice is limited by perceived student passivity, lack of skill, and political disagreement with students. Satisfaction with the status quo, lack of social status, and fear of harming students were obstacles to pursuing political commitment. Research implications: By exploring the dynamics of depoliticisation in the classroom, this article adds to the literature on the co-construction of authoritarianism in Russia. It also highlights practices of resistance and 'everyday politics' stemming from teacher professionalism as a function of individual and structural factors.

It is often assumed that highlighting the contributions of female researchers to STEM fields may make those fields more attractive to women, thereby encouraging female participation. The present study (n = 802) aimed to test that assumption by investigating the impact of messages highlighting the contributions of women researchers to two STEM fields, (mathematics and biology) on the perception of those fields among high school students and comparing it to the impact of analogous messages concerning three nonSTEM fields. We found that these messages did not encourage women to participate in the respective academic fields, in STEM or otherwise. And more strongly they led both women and men to see that academic field as less interesting and worthy of study. We propose that the effect observed here, and previously not discussed in the literature, is the reverse of the well-known Matilda effect. If the Matilda effect consists in a tendency to ignore or downplay the academic contributions of women based on the assumption that only men can contribute real value to research, then what we observed in our study is that that same assumption apparently makes people think that if women excel in certain fields, then those fields must be less valuable than others. We also argue that these effects are the result of gender stereotyping that takes what are supposedly male characteristics as better suited for research work than what are supposedly female characteristics. Finally, we suggest how to counteract this reverse Matilda Effect.

We examined the efficacy of a Model Statement to detect opinion lies. A total of 93 participants discussed their opinion about the recent strikes on two occasions, 1 week apart. In one interview they told the truth and in the other interview they lied. Each interview consisted of two phases. In Phase 1 they discussed their alleged opinion (truth or lie as appropriate). They then either listened to a Model Statement (a detailed account of someone discussing an opinion about a topic unrelated to strike actions) and expressed their opinion again in Phase 2 (Model Statement present condition) or they discussed their opinion again without listening to a Model Statement (Model Statement absent condition). The verbal cues examined were pro-opinion arguments, anti-opinion arguments, plausibility, immediacy, directness, clarity, and predictability. The truthful statements sounded more plausible in Phases 1 and 2 than the deceptive statements, providing further evidence that plausibility is a strong veracity indicator. The truthful statements included more pro-arguments and sounded more immediate and direct than the deceptive statements, but only in Phase 2. The Model Statement had no effect. Reasons for the Model Statement null-effect are discussed.

Background: In people with intellectual disabilities and mental disorders and/or challenging behaviours, rates of psychotropic drug prescription are high. In clinical treatments and evaluations, all stakeholders should be involved in a process of shared decision-making (SDM). We aimed to investigate the perspectives of clients and their carers on clients' treatments with psychotropic drugs. Methods: We conducted a survey among adults with intellectual disabilities in a Dutch mental healthcare centre providing community, outpatient and inpatient care. Data were collected between January and June 2022. Questions focused on experiences with the provision of information, treatment involvement and SDM and participants' wishes in this regard. Findings: Respondents (57 clients and 21 carers) were largely satisfied with the overall care from their clinicians, and with how information on the pharmacological treatment was provided verbally, but written information was insufficient or not provided. Seventy per cent of clients and 60% of carers reported being involved in medication decision-making. However, over 75% of participants desired greater involvement in SDM and over 60% in medication reviews. Conclusions: Service users and representatives were satisfied about the treatment and verbal information on their psychotropic drug use. The provision of written information, the SDM process and ongoing evaluation of psychotropic medication use could be improved.

The majority of educational institutions around the world have switched to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since continuing education has become important during the pandemic as well, academics and students have recognized the value of online learning to avoid their challenges. The objective of this study is to categorize peoples' opinions and determine how the community used online learning during the pandemic. A total of 13,155 tweets were collected using the Twitter API. Of these, 4486 were positive about the online learning process, 4490 were negative, and 4179 were advertising for online learning. After pre-processing the tweets, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) vectorizer is used to extract the feature vectors. The data was divided into three categories using the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. Sentiment analysis is used to determine how society feels about the online learning process by analyzing positive, negative, and advertisement sentiments. According to the results, LSTM beat SVM and achieved an accuracy of 88.58%. It also achieved higher precision, recall, f-measure values, and lowest error rates for 65% of the training dataset. Based on the findings, the significance of online learning as well as the absence of technologies, the internet, and other subpar educational practices were determined. It was determined that more workable solutions were needed in order to improve online education globally.

This study was conducted to collect validity evidence to support the use of an observation instrument to evaluate the performance of special education teachers (SETs) of students with significant disabilities (SWSD). In the study, a purposive sample of 49 SETs of SWSD, who were appropriately credentialed and experienced, evaluated the content of the Teacher Rating and Assessment Instrument for Teachers of Students with Significant Disabilities (TRAIT-SD) to determine each item's importance for teaching SWSD. To do this, the participants were presented with the 37 items on the current version of the TRAIT-SD and asked to rate the importance of each using a 5-point Likert-type scale that ranged from very important to not important. They were also requested to provide narrative statements about the items and to recommend any relevant changes to the items, or recommend any new items they deemed to be missing from the current instrument. The results of the study showed that all participants, regardless of degree level, experience, or geographical location, rated all items between important and very important, resulting in all items being retained on the instrument. Additional comments resulted in a small number of items being reworded for clarity, and one new item being recommended for a subsequent version of the instrument.

Background: We examined linguistic features in fourth graders' narrative and opinion writing and their relations to writing quality. We analysed narrative and opinion essays in terms of lexical sophistication and diversity as well as syntactic complexity, syntactic accuracy, and morphological complexity. Methods: Data were from English-speaking students in Grade 4 (N = 129; 50% female) in the United States, majority of whom were from low socioeconomic status background. Paired t tests were used to analyse differences of linguistic features between the two genres. Hierarchical regression models were run to examine how language features are related to writing quality. Results: Words in the narrative task were more diverse and included more diverse verbal inflectional morphemes than those in the opinion task; syntactic complexity was significantly greater in the opinion genre, manifested by longer T-units and the more frequent use of adverbial and relative clauses. Approximately 80% of T-units were grammatical and 20% were ungrammatical. Syntactic accuracy and verbal morphological complexity of words were positively related to writing quality in the narrative task. Additionally, syntactic complexity measured by clauses per T-unit, verbal and nominal morphological complexity of words were uniquely related to writing quality in the opinion genre. Conclusions: The findings highlight the limited extent to which Grade 4 students use complex syntax in their writing. The study also supports the critical role of linguistic features in writing quality and shows both similarities and differences in language use in two important writing genres, narrative and opinion, in elementary grades.

Background: Since the advent of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), there has been an increasing focus on engineering in K-12 education. As educators and researchers have gained a better understanding of the nature of engineering in the decade following the release of the NGSS, there are new opportunities for growth and complexity. Purpose: This study used an epistemological approach to seek insights from experts in the science and engineering communities about the prominent aspects of engineering for K-12 education. Design/Method: This mixed-methods study employed a three-round Delphi study and a focus group meeting to elicit experts' opinions on the epistemic aspects of engineering that could shed light on the nature of engineering knowledge and practices. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was used to identify preliminary themes concerning the epistemic aspects of engineering and then to develop main themes by combining relevant themes together. Results: The analysis process yielded 21 preliminary themes that reflect key ideas about the engineering knowledge base, engineering design activities, and values and norms of the engineering community. Additionally, the current study identified eight main themes that captured the broader patterns in the data. Conclusions: The outcome of this study, including the preliminary themes and main themes concerning the epistemic aspects of engineering, could serve as a conceptual tool for establishing and improving students' conceptions of engineering and as a guide for designing and implementing engineering design activities in K-12 education settings.

The aim of this paper is to propose an original analysis of the association between social status and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines regarding upper-secondary students in Italy. The research was conducted by administering an online survey on a probabilistic and stratified sample of 5,699 students, in the spring of 2021, when the vaccination campaign in Italy had been underway for only a few months. Following the bourdieusian perspective, we have used a multiple correspondence analysis to examine the polarization between pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups as the clash of stances that agents take in accordance with their position in the cultural field. Our results suggest that the construction of a negative school experience by the subordinate classes is the source of a lack of social recognition in the cultural field, which feeds an aversion to everything the main institutions in this field recommend should be done.

The scientific problem of the paper is related to the need to improve corporate marketing communication by using innovative technologies to improve consumer experience in the purchase decision process and to reduce purchase risks. The use of augmented reality is one of the innovative marketing communication technologies. So far, the impact of the use of this technology on the consumer experience in the purchase decision process has not been sufficiently explored in both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and no statistical data on the use of augmented reality in marketing communication are available. However, the use of augmented reality became an important milestone during the COVID-19 pandemic, so the aim of this study is to assess the role of augmented reality tools in the purchase decision process and to develop proposals to improve the use of augmented reality tools in corporate marketing. The research hypothesis has been confirmed and it has been concluded that the use of augmented reality in marketing communication enhances the consumer experience in the purchase decision process.

Creativity and problem solving are considered to be twenty-first-century competencies, therefore promoting mathematical creativity should be an important part of school mathematics. The study presented in this paper is inspired by the notion of mathematical creativity and the utilization of multiple solution tasks (MSTs) to investigate students' creativity. Multiple solution tasks are mathematical tasks with an explicit requirement to be solved with different methods. For the purpose of the study, we used a textbook question which allows multiple solution pathways as our research instrument. This MST was administered to first-year mathematics students (18-20 years) along with additional questions related to their experience in school mathematics. The results of the study showed that students had difficulties complying with the demands of the task, but generally have a positive disposition toward MSTs. Moreover, the results underline the necessity of incorporating MSTs in mathematics classroom teaching to create a more coherent corpus of mathematical knowledge. The study also provides an example of how a regular textbook task can be used as an MST.

Early diagnosis is extremely important for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as other children having developmental disabilities. In early diagnosis, which is one of the most important elements of the treatment process, parents have a special place with different factors. Considering the importance of parents in early diagnosis, the aim of the study is to examine the opinions of the mother on early developmental differences in children with autism. The research is a case study designed in a qualitative research model. Accordingly, an interview form was developed by the researchers and data were collected in the scanning model in the first step of the study. In the second step of the study, data were obtained by using the semi-structured interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. In the study group of the research, 110 mothers were interviewed, whom were selected via purposeful sampling, and 87 mothers, who gave full answers to the questions, were included in the study. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and thematic analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that children diagnosed with autism and children with development showed similar developmental characteristics during pregnancy and after birth. It was observed that mothers with a child diagnosed with autism have the awareness on the suspicion of autism in their children when they are between 18 and 24 months and 31 and 36 months, and they experienced problems in breast-feeding and falling asleep.

This study investigated whether youth essentialize religiosity considering religious informants as more trustworthy. Participants (N = 181) from three age groups (preadolescents, early adolescents and young adults) were presented with vignettes and asked which informant the protagonist should trust. One protagonist was introduced as religious. Results showed that youth's essentialism for religiosity is limited, but those with proximity to religion preferred advice from a Priest over an expert. This suggests that youth's essentialism for the trustworthiness of religiosity may be limited to religious leaders and is present only among those close to religion. Participants also tended to trust the expert rather than the Priest and the informant whose advice aligned with their own preferences.

Background: Treatment fidelity refers to the degree to which an intervention is implemented as intended. Promoting treatment fidelity is important to achieve a valid comparison in intervention research. However, it is often underreported: few studies detail the use and development of fidelity measures. This study aims to promote the treatment fidelity of a modified version of the Derbyshire Language Scheme (M-DLS), a manualised intervention for children with language difficulties, by exploring participants' opinions on training and intervention delivery. Results inform development of a checklist and scoring system to monitor and promote treatment fidelity in a comparison trial. Method: Ten student speech and language therapists (SLTs) and two research assistants (RAs) participated in the study. All received training on the M-DLS, and 10 were video-recorded completing role-plays of an M-DLS session in small groups. Feedback was gathered after training and role-plays in focus groups and interviews. Feedback was interpreted using the constructs of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). A treatment fidelity checklist was then developed using the feedback. The first author and two RAs rated role-play videos using the checklist to trial it to inform amendments and to promote interrater reliability. Interrater agreement was calculated using Spearman's test of correlation. Results: Participants discussed the importance of having clear materials and time to practise sessions. They suggested amendments to the materials and training to promote treatment fidelity. The checklist and scoring system accounted for participants' suggestions, with amendments detailed in a log. Spearman's correlation results suggested agreement between the raters was strong. Conclusions: Results emphasise the importance of training quality, practice and reflective opportunities and clear materials to promote treatment fidelity. The construction of the checklist and scoring system was described in detail, informing the development of future checklists. After further trialling, the checklist can be used to ensure the M-DLS is delivered with high treatment fidelity in the comparison trial.

We assess the underlying topics, sentiment, and types of information regarding COVID-19 vaccines cycling through Twitter during the initiation of the vaccine rollout. Once tweets about COVID-19 vaccine posted between 1 December 2020 and 28 February 2021 were collected and preprocessed, they were categorized as either relevant or irrelevant by a classifier trained by the research team. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used to discover the topics of discussion in the relevant tweets. The NRC lexicon was used to quantify positive and negative sentiment found in the tweets. The types of information (information, misinformation, opinion, or question) in positive and negative sentiment tweets were assessed and distributions were compared. A total of 1,386,390 tweets were collected, out of which 210,657 relevant tweets were identified by the relevancy classifier. Eight topics provided the best representation of the corpus of relevant tweets. Tweets with a negative sentiment were associated with a higher percentage of misinformation whereas tweets with positive sentiment showed a higher percentage of information, opinions, and questions. The proliferation of information and misinformation on social media platforms is associated with building public trust and mitigating negative sentiment associated with COVID-19 vaccines.

School leaders have the potential to contribute to the collective efficacy of teachers by brokering knowledge and beliefs; however, they are not always supported or accompanied in this role. By examining the characteristics and network positions of key actors who broker knowledge and beliefs, this study explores opportunities for all educators to be accompanied. Using social network analysis to measure the centrality of educators, key actors were identified. The data were collected in schools across the province of Québec, Canada and revealed a dynamic form of distributed leadership that was not dependent on a single leader, but rather on the type of knowledge or beliefs being brokered. The findings suggest the importance of accompaniment for teachers and leaders of all experience levels and positions to foster collective teacher efficacy.

Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to explore an assignment given to students in an online gender and leadership graduate course as a tool to help them think critically about how music influences perceptions of gender roles in both society and leadership. Design/methodology/approach: The assignment directs students to review the current Billboard "Hot 100" chart, which lists the top 100 songs in the United States each week based on sales and streams. Students are prompted to identify a song with gendered themes and discuss how the song portrays women and/or men, what gender stereotypes the song supports or refutes, and whether the messaging is positive or negative in nature. Finally, the students discuss ways that the message in the song could influence the listener's opinion about gender stereotypes and what effect that could have on gendered leadership issues. Findings: Students use this assignment as an opportunity to apply the course material that relates to the importance of gender representation and the influence of media on gender issues in leadership. Originality/value: Recommendations are provided to inspire creative ideas for leadership educators who seek to prepare students to understand organizational challenges related to gender issues in leadership.

Student opinions for a course are important to educators and administrators, regardless of the type of the course or the institution. Reading and manually analyzing open-ended feedback becomes infeasible for massive volumes of comments at institution level or online forums. In this paper, we collected and pre-processed a large number of course reviews publicly available online. We applied machine learning techniques with the goal to gain insight into student sentiments and topics. Specifically, we utilized current Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as word embeddings and deep neural networks, and state-of-the-art BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), RoBERTa (Robustly optimized BERT approach) and XLNet (Generalized Auto-regression Pre-training). We performed extensive experimentation to compare these techniques versus traditional approaches. This comparative study demonstrates how to apply modern machine learning approaches for sentiment polarity extraction and topic-based classification utilizing course feedback. For sentiment polarity, the top model was RoBERTa with 95.5% accuracy and 84.7% F1-macro, while for topic classification, an SVM (Support Vector Machine) was the top classifier with 79.8% accuracy and 80.6% F1-macro. We also provided an in-depth exploration of the effect of certain hyperparameters on the model performance and discussed our observations. These findings can be used by institutions and course providers as a guide for analyzing their own course feedback using NLP models towards self-evaluation and improvement.

Post-diagnostic support for autistic adults in the United Kingdom is geographically inequitable and, in general, considered inadequate. This results in autistic adults facing unnecessary challenges and wide-ranging poor outcomes. A modified Delphi study sought to establish autistic adults' priorities for optimal provision of post-diagnostic support. The study was co-designed with 10 autistic adults across a series of three online workshops. Forty-three autistic adults, who had received their diagnosis in adulthood, completed a series of three online questionnaires through which 153 support priorities were identified. In a fourth questionnaire round, completed by 139 autistic adults, 24 priorities reached or exceeded a consensus threshold of 80% agreement that the item specified an important element of post-diagnostic support. Participants ranked "access to support where they live, training of professionals, support to process the impact of a late diagnosis, use of their preferred mode of contact and an individualised support plan" as their key priorities for post-diagnostic support. The whole priority list provides a clear and practical articulation of what autistic adults want from post-diagnostic support. This should be used by policymakers and service providers in the United Kingdom to ensure that post-diagnostic support for autistic adults is fit for purpose.

As part of a 5-year study to develop and validate an instrument for measuring success in long-standing community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships, we utilized the Delphi method with a panel of 16 community and academic CBPR experts to assess face and content validity of the instrument's broad concepts of success and measurement items. In addition to incorporating quantitative and qualitative feedback from two online surveys, we included a 2-day face-to-face meeting with the Expert Panel to invite open discussion and diversity of opinion in line with the CBPR principles framing and guiding the study. The face-to-face meeting allowed experts to review the survey data (with maintained anonymity), convey their perspectives, and offer interpretations that were untapped in the online surveys. Using a CBPR approach facilitated a synergistic process that moved above and beyond the consensus achieved in the initial Delphi rounds, to enhance the Delphi technique and the development of items in the instrument.

This study aimed to analyse how school health team professionals in geographical areas with a long tradition of neo-Nazi activism discursively conceptualise the problem of racism. The participants do not consider racism or neo-Nazi mobilisation to be a central problem at their schools. At the same time, they cited several examples of obvious expressions of neo-Nazi convictions among students. This discrepancy is explained in different capacities. Firstly, as the students are understood to have a mill-town mentality, certain behaviours are expected and excused. Secondly, to be seen as a problem, racist expression is also expected to be visual. A third factor is that the problem is individualised, focusing on one incident at a time.

Early career teachers experience numerous challenges during their transition into the profession. Reddit is a social media platform that allows users to gather around shared affinity while remaining anonymous. This study explores how early career teachers participate in the r/Teachers subreddit through posts tagged as "New Teacher" content. Hand-coding of 2,445 posts created in 2021 showed that early career teachers primarily seek information and advice but also share personal stories. Early career teachers' reasons for posting varied according to their background characteristics. This research has implications for using an anonymous online affinity space for early career teachers' preparation and professional development.

Two studies examined how preschoolers (N = 610; French) explain differences in achievement. Replicating and extending previous research, the results revealed that children invoke more inherent factors (e.g., intelligence) than extrinsic factors (e.g., access to educational resources) when explaining why some children do better in school than others. This inherence bias in explanation can contribute to inequalities in education (e.g., the early-emerging disparities based on social class) by portraying them as fair and legitimate even when they are not.

The study of social learning examines how individuals learn from others by means of observation, imitation, or compliance with advice. However, it still remains largely unknown whether social learning processes have a distinct contribution to behavior, independent from non-social trial-and-error learning that often occurs simultaneously. 153 participants completed a reinforcement learning task, where they were asked to make choices to gain rewards. Advice from an artificial teacher was presented in 60% of the trials, allowing us to compare choice behavior with and without advice. Results showed a strong and reliable tendency to follow advice (test-retest reliability [approximately]0.73). Computational modeling suggested a unique contribution of three distinct learning strategies: (a) individual learning (i.e., learning the value of actions, independent of advice), (b) informed advice-taking (i.e., learning the value of following advice), and (c) non-informed advice-taking (i.e., a constant bias to follow advice regardless of outcome history). Comparing artificial and empirical data provided specific behavioral regression signatures to both informed and non-informed advice taking processes. We discuss the theoretical implications of integrating internal and external information during the learning process.

Purpose: Drawing on social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the reciprocal relationship between an employee's knowledge sharing and his or her coworkers' responses to this focal contributor in terms of knowledge sharing and helping behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: A two-wave online survey collected data from 84 respondents who provided ratings on each member on their team, representing 440 dyadic relationships. Hierarchical linear modeling analyzed the between-subjects and within-subject data simultaneously. Findings: Employees generally reciprocate contributors' knowledge sharing with an exact act (i.e. knowledge sharing) through the mechanism of peer respect. However, respect generated by knowledge sharing is enhanced only when the knowledge contributor is competent. Originality/value: Research on how an employee's knowledge sharing actually influences other members of a team is lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining responses to a team member's knowledge sharing from a peer's perspective. It also reveals when knowledge sharing is more pronounced in earning peer respect.

This document presents the changes belonging to the published article. The study aimed to examine the opinions of the instructors who work at GUHEM (Gökmen Space and Aviation Training Center) on the exhibition's content, how the exhibition spaces contribute to science education, especially astronomy and aviation, and the types of visitors who frequently visit the center. Nine instructors from GUHEM's science centers participated in the study. Data were gathered using the "Instructor Opinion Form," with nine open-ended questions. The data elicited from these questions were subjected to content analysis. The findings showed that children aged 6 to 11 made up the majority of visitors; the fascinating exhibition areas focused on the Solar System and planets and interactive workshops with space and aviation themes, like those involving paper airplane construction and rocket competition, were very popular. In terms of the contribution of this center to science education, it was found that the GUHEM exhibitions played an active role in teaching the solar system, planets, and pressure. Although astronomy is the discipline with which the exhibition areas are most closely associated, it can also be linked to other disciplines like astrobiology, mathematics, and aviation. Instructors shared their worries that they won't be able to meet visitors' expectations and occasionally struggle to understand the subject during activities held at GUHEM. These findings led to the opinion that GUHEM and other science centers will function more effectively if schools and science centers collaborate more, the curriculum and exhibition content are improved, and the instructors receive professional assistance from academicians who are subject-matter experts.

The goals of the study were as follows: i) to design an active science learning activity on stoichiometry for grade 10 students, ii) to evaluate the academic achievement of grade 10 students after receiving an active science learning activity on stoichiometry, and iii) to investigate the perspectives of grade 10 students regarding an active science learning activity on stoichiometry. The research utilized a sample group consisting of 41 students who were enrolled in the tenth grade during the second semester of the academic year 2022. The research tools provided participants with active science learning lessons. A test of the kids' academic prowess as well as their thoughts on the use of hands-on scientific learning activities will be administered. The mean, the standard deviation, and a one-sample t-test were the types of statistics that were utilized in the investigation. The following is an outline of what the research found: i) the appropriateness of the active science learning activities was judged to be the highest level, ii) the academic achievement of grade 10 students after receiving the active science learning activities on stoichiometry had an average score that was higher than the criteria of 70% with a statistical significance at the .05 level; and iii) the opinions of students on the implementation of active science learning activities on stoichiometry were in the agree level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the Devil's Advocate lie detection method which is aimed at detecting lying about opinions. In this approach, participants give reasons for why they hold an opinion in the eliciting-opinion question and counter-arguments to their opinion in a devil's advocate question. Truth tellers (n = 55) reported their true opinion about protestor actions, whereas lie tellers (n = 55) reported the opposite of their true opinion. Answers were coded for number of arguments and plausibility, immediacy, clarity and scriptedness. Data were analysed with analyses of variance with veracity being the sole factor. Supporting the hypothesis, truth tellers provided more pro-arguments than lie tellers and to all eliciting-opinion questions their answers sounded more plausible, immediate and clear than lie tellers' answers. The opposite pattern was predicted for the devil's advocate question but not found, likely caused by the simplification of the question. Neither was being scripted a diagnostic veracity indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opinion surveys on family participation in care in non-Western countries are rare. This study aims to assess the opinions of patients, families, and healthcare professionals regarding family involvement in care to identify their preferences and the associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted over eight months involving 717 participants, using structured questionnaires at the Acute Assessment Unit of a university hospital in Morocco. Comparative analyses examined the association between participant characteristics and the preferences of care categories. Poisson regression was applied to determine factors associated with participant preferences. Attitudes toward family participation in care were positive, with an average score of 3.62 ± 0.43 on a 4-point Likert scale. Healthcare professionals were more favorable towards family participation, with an average of 10.6 ± 2.44 types of care, compared to 7.17 ± 1.96 for families and 5.71 ± 2.16 for patients. Participants' opinions converged on a set of simple and less technical care tasks. Factors significantly associated with patient preferences in the final adjustment model (p < 0.05) included frailty, loss of autonomy, length of stay, and regular and continuous (day and night) family presence. This study highlights the strong support of health professionals, patients, and families for family participation in care. Understanding these preferences and related factors is essential to maximize family participation and develop a model of Patient And Family Centered Care adapted to the Moroccan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was designed within a survey-based quantitative research methodology in order to investigate Bulgarian teachers' familiarity with, use of, and attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) at the nascent stage of its integration into the Bulgarian education system. The survey was completed by 2252 teachers, of whom 16.30% were men and 83.70% were women. The majority of the teachers (72%) reported some level of familiarity with AI technology. Higher levels of familiarity were significantly associated with younger teachers (aged 20 to 29), mathematics, sciences, and technology subject areas, as well as the male gender. More than 50% of the teachers reported using AI technology in their instruction. Familiarity with AI technology was the only significant predictor of AI use, overriding the effect of other variables. The teachers used AI technology to prepare teaching, assessment, and homework materials; design individual and team tasks; and grade students' work. The teachers who regularly used AI technology were more favorable towards AI in contrast to those who seldom or never employed AI. The majority of the respondents recognized the need for teacher training in AI technology and expressed willingness to participate in teacher training initiatives. Therefore, the current situation requires teacher education programs to harness teachers' needs by equipping them with relevant AI literacy and skills that they could apply to the critical adoption of suitable AI tools. Educational institutions and stakeholders should provide guidelines and consultancy regarding technical, methodological, and ethical issues concerning the instructional use of AI technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The use of medical marijuana was legalized in Mexico in 2017. In June 2021, the Supreme Court authorized personal marijuana use, as well as its planting, cultivation, harvest, preparation, possession, and transportation for recreational purposes by persons aged 18 and over, decriminalizing its use. Objectives. 1) To determine which variables are associated with favorable opinions regarding medical use, recreational use, and the legalization of marijuana use; and 2) to determine whether there are differences in the variables that best predict support for medicinal and recreational use and legalization of marijuana among marijuana users and non-users. Method. Data are drawn from the 2016 National Survey on Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use, administered to a nationally representative sample of Mexican households. A validated questionnaire was used with questions on demographic characteristics, marijuana use (including the number of times it has been used), respondents' opinions regarding the legalization of marijuana and recreational use, whether they have been offered marijuana without having to pay for it, perception of risk associated with marijuana use, and excessive alcohol consumption. Results. Being male and having a low perception of the risks of marijuana use are the variables mostly strongly associated with approving medical and recreational use and its legalization, irrespective of whether respondents used it. Other variables associated with approval are age, educational attainment, and income level. Discussion and Conclusion. Legislators and policy makers should consider the full range of public opinion concerning the use and legalization of marijuana and incorporate it into their proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physiotherapists' attitudes and beliefs play a crucial role in the management and treatment outcomes of non‐specific neck pain (NSNP). Objective: To investigate the attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists in Jordan towards NSNP, and to identify factors influencing these attitudes and beliefs. Methods: A Cross‐sectional survey of registered physiotherapists working in Jordan was conducted. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists towards NSNP. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: A total of 301 PTs completed the survey, 155 females (51.56%). Most respondents held bachelor's degrees, with an average of 9.5 ± 6.6 experience years. The total score for PABS‐PT (Z = 11.4, p < 0.001) and its BM (Z = +11.9, p < 0.001) and PS (Z = 3.6, p < 0. 001) subscales were significantly positive. The score of the biomedical subscale was more significantly positive than psychosocial subscale. The treatment orientation was positively correlated with education level, and negatively with age and experience. The most reported treatments were manual therapy followed by general exercises and electrical modalities. No significant relationship was observed between treatment orientation and treatment selection. Conclusion: This study created the initial profile for pain attitudes and beliefs in Jordan. Physiotherapists hold positive attitudes and beliefs towards the NSNP treatment orientations with a superiority of the BM approach. Engaging educational sectors and stakeholders in the current situation of PTs' attitudes and beliefs is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The current study was designed within a survey-based quantitative research methodology in order to investigate Bulgarian teachers’ familiarity with, use of, and attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) at the nascent stage of its integration into the Bulgarian education system. The survey was completed by 2252 teachers, of whom 16.30% were men and 83.70% were women. The majority of the teachers (72%) reported some level of familiarity with AI technology. Higher levels of familiarity were significantly associated with younger teachers (aged 20 to 29), mathematics, sciences, and technology subject areas, as well as the male gender. More than 50% of the teachers reported using AI technology in their instruction. Familiarity with AI technology was the only significant predictor of AI use, overriding the effect of other variables. The teachers used AI technology to prepare teaching, assessment, and homework materials; design individual and team tasks; and grade students' work. The teachers who regularly used AI technology were more favorable towards AI in contrast to those who seldom or never employed AI. The majority of the respondents recognized the need for teacher training in AI technology and expressed willingness to participate in teacher training initiatives. Therefore, the current situation requires teacher education programs to harness teachers’ needs by equipping them with relevant AI literacy and skills that they could apply to the critical adoption of suitable AI tools. Educational institutions and stakeholders should provide guidelines and consultancy regarding technical, methodological, and ethical issues concerning the instructional use of AI technology.

Background and Study Aim. The motivational aspect of athletes' commitment to training is an important indicator of their sports performance. However, there is insufficient understanding of the subtle dynamics that determine this commitment. The purpose of the study is to explore how athletes' motivation relates to their training duration across different sports. It also aims to identify the impact of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation on training hours and to predict athletes' training commitment. Material and Methods. In the study, 60 college students participated. Data collection utilized the Sport Motivation Scale, which assesses three dimensions of motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation. Physical training hours were meticulously recorded by the instructor. A maximum of 14 hours of training was provided per week as part of a training module lasting one complete month. Players who were absent due to illness were excluded from the study. Results. A significant positive correlation was found between intrinsic motivation (r = 0.93) and extrinsic motivation (r = 0.919) with training duration per week (p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between amotivation and training duration per week (r = -0.873, p < 0.01). Motivation accounted for 84.4% of the variance in predicting physical activity training duration. Furthermore, motivation demonstrated a significant positive relationship (β = 0.921) with physical activity training duration. Conclusions. The current research provides evidence that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are crucial for engaging athletes in physical training and activity. Furthermore, amotivation serves as a deterrent to good performance in sports. To foster continuous improvement, coaches and instructors must intervene by providing athletes with positive feedback and maintaining their interest in the game through a variety of sports skills.

This article titled: "Opinions of Arabic Critics in classifying Nigerian Arabic literature periods" is aiming to answer the following philosophical questions: what are the philosophical foundations behind their opinions in their classifying Nigerian Arabic literature periods? What are the differences between their opinions? Did their opinions collaborate with the content of that particular period? So, in trying to answer the above questions, this article was designed to use analytical method, and to follow the following steps: After introduction then a brief history of Arabic language in Nigeria, and brief history of Arabic learning in Nigeria, Nigerian Arabic literature and factors that affect its, Philosophical background on Nigerian Arabic literature classifying periods, through presenting Nigerian Arabic critics opinions and analyzing its. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to determine nursing students' opinions about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccine. Methods: This is a qualitative focus group discussion study, in which a state university in Western Turkey, undergraduate nursing students are recruited through purposive sampling. The research data were collected on an online platform with the focus group interview method by using the Participant Information Form and Semistructured Interview Form. Results: Three main themes (HPV infection/vaccine perception, severity perception, and suggestions and requests/facilitators) and eight subthemes were developed based on the thematic analysis of the research findings. Conclusions: According to the findings, it was concluded that nursing students' opinions on HPV infection and HPV vaccine were affected by factors related to cultural, religious, and sexual behaviors. Based on study results, it is suggested to organize national cervical screening programs to increase public's knowledge and awareness on the subject in accordance with the sociocultural norms of the society with the agreement and cooperation of educated health service providers, policy makers, and educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared market opinions and beliefs by market participants generate a set of constraints that mediate information through a not-so-unstable system of expected target prices. Price trajectories, within these sets of constraints, confirm or disprove the likelihood of participant expectations and cannot, de facto, be considered permutable, as literature has shown, since their inner structure is dynamically affected by their own progress, suggesting per se the presence of both heat and cycles. This study described and discussed how trajectories are built using different alphabets and suggests that prices follow an ergodic course within structurally similar tessellation classes. It is reported that the courses of price moves are self-similar due to their a priori structure, and they do not need to be complete in order to create the conditions, in resembling conditions, for the appearance of the well-known and commonly used Fibonacci ratios between price trajectories. To date, financial models and engineering are mostly based on the mathematics of randomness. If these theoretical findings need empirical validation, such a potential infrastructure of ratios would suggest the possibility for a superstructure to exist, in other words, the emergence of exploitable patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the presuppositions that might accompany the current diversified practices of Philosophy for Children (P4C). A double system of tensions is presented on a theoretical level, based on recent literature on the benefits of P4C. The theoretical hypothesis of a renewal of expectations adjusted to certain characteristics of our societies is put forward, notably the short-circuiting of reflexive reason by the nudge trend and the self-development movement; each individual could distort the horizon of P4C, which would no longer correspond to Lipman's promises. A survey explores 330 responses that define this practice and identify the difficulties and skills associated with P4C. The average age for starting P4C is 6 years (+ or - 2/3 years). Conversely, the responses indicate tensions between sometimes existential, sometimes cultural objectives which, in line with our theoretical position, hinder the idea of a consensual P4C program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Purpose. The majority of the population prefers nature activities, trips, and hiking in mountain areas due to the attractiveness of the trails and the beneficial effects. Material and Methods. The investigated group included 647 students from secondary school/336 cases and high school/311 cases. A questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended items (Likert scale in 5 levels) was applied between March and May 2024 to study the opinions about trips and hiking in mountain areas. Parametric ANOVA procedures (defining gender-independent variables, area variables, and training level) were applied to identify differences between the resulting groups. Results. Factor analysis with PCA identified a distribution of items on three distinct components: Attractiveness, Usefulness, and Effects/ /Financial Accessibility. The F values for the three independent variables and the interaction between them correspond to statistically significant thresholds (P < 0.05), so there are differences between the opinions of the surveyed students for the items of the applied questionnaire. Conclusions. The spirit of adventure and escape from everyday life show the highest mean score of all the component items, followed by the attraction to trips and hiking. Females are more interested in trips and hiking than males. High school students are more attracted to these activities than secondary school students. We noted the statistically significant superiority of rural vs. urban students for all items of the Attractiveness component. Recommendation. These differences require identifying different ways to motivate the groups analysed in the future to be more involved in this kind of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the efficacy of a Model Statement to detect opinion lies. A total of 93 participants discussed their opinion about the recent strikes on two occasions, 1 week apart. In one interview they told the truth and in the other interview they lied. Each interview consisted of two phases. In Phase 1 they discussed their alleged opinion (truth or lie as appropriate). They then either listened to a Model Statement (a detailed account of someone discussing an opinion about a topic unrelated to strike actions) and expressed their opinion again in Phase 2 (Model Statement present condition) or they discussed their opinion again without listening to a Model Statement (Model Statement absent condition). The verbal cues examined were pro‐opinion arguments, anti‐opinion arguments, plausibility, immediacy, directness, clarity, and predictability. The truthful statements sounded more plausible in Phases 1 and 2 than the deceptive statements, providing further evidence that plausibility is a strong veracity indicator. The truthful statements included more pro‐arguments and sounded more immediate and direct than the deceptive statements, but only in Phase 2. The Model Statement had no effect. Reasons for the Model Statement null‐effect are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era، the world is witnessing an unprecedented development and a revolution that it has never witnessed before in all areas of life. Therefore، I researched and studied the issue of jurisprudential opinions that conflict with modern discoveries. In this study، I aimed to explain the issue of latent pregnancy، what modern discoveries have reached، and to explain the ruling. The attribution of a child to more than one father if they claim him، and the position of modern science on this issue. Then، in this research، I followed the comparative approach، as I compare the sayings of the schools of thought. I also followed the inductive approach in tracing what the jurists used as evidence for their opinions. Then، I arrived at Several results، including: Pregnancy is not delayed from its usual date except for a short period، usually not more than two or three weeks، but delaying it by two، three، or seven years is something that is impossible based on what modern science has reached in the world of embryos، just as an egg cannot be fertilized except with a sperm. One، so if the Qafah attributed the child to more than one father، we know for sure that they are wrong based on the discoveries made by modern science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of study. We aimed to compare knowledge, opinions, and clinical experiences among Czech, Slovak, and Italian neurologists to identify potential educational gaps and unify understanding. Clinical rationale for study. Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a disabling condition characterised by motor, sensory, or cognitive symptoms which are incompatible with other neurological disorders. Novel diagnostic and treatment approaches have improved FND management. However, the extent of their adoption, and any differences or similarities across European communities, remain to be established. Material and methods. Members of the Czech and Slovak Neurological Societies were invited via e-mail to participate in a 14--item web-based survey investigating their approach to FND. This data was compared to results from a previous study involving 492 Italian neurologists. Results. 232 questionnaires were completed by Czech and Slovak neurologists (CZ-SK). Similarities were found between CZ-SK and Italian neurologists in their preference for the term 'FND' over other psychological-related terms and in explaining symptoms as due to abnormal functioning of the nervous system rather than attributing them to mental illness. However, only fewer than 5% in both groups thought that simulation was highly unlikely. Both groups reported relying on positive signs (e.g. inconsistency, distractibility) according to the current diagnostic criteria, but also a tendency to perform additional tests to exclude other causes. However, some differences were observed: Italian neurologists placed a greater emphasis on psychological factors including litigation. CZ-SK neurologists were more likely to suggest physiotherapy as a treatment option and to provide educational intervention for patients and their relatives. Conclusions. Overall, our findings suggest that although Czech, Slovak, and Italian neurologists have adopted some new developments in the field of FND, significant gaps still exist in their understanding and common practices regarding conceptualisation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical implications. Our results suggest that promoting knowledge through postgraduate curricula and teaching courses for neurologists is necessary to optimise patient management in various European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of structural injustices in school education and focuses on intergenerational repair. It highlights the intergenerational gap in knowledge, values, opinions, and experiences between different age groups and how it leads to inequalities in education. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing and managing these generational differences through educational procedures and practices. Intergenerational repair aims to promote understanding, respect, and cooperation between younger and older generations in order to create a more inclusive and fair learning environment. It suggests incorporating both generations' awareness, experiences, and values into the curriculum, fostering intergenerational discussions, and establishing mentorship programs. The article also discusses the impact of intergenerational gaps on educational achievement, student-teacher interactions, and the perpetuation of prejudices and biases. It highlights the need for equipping students with the skills to navigate and contribute to a rapidly evolving world and emphasizes the benefits of intergenerational repair in promoting critical thinking, responsibility, and continuous learning. The article concludes by discussing the structural injustices that hinder access to high-quality teaching, exposure to varied perspectives, and professional development, particularly in underprivileged communities. It highlights the demographic change and increasing age gap between teachers and students as a challenge in intergenerational interactions in the classroom. The article provides a comprehensive overview of intergenerational gaps and repairs, emphasizing the need for mutual respect, understanding, collaboration, and interdisciplinary learning to bridge the gap between generations and create a more equitable educational system. [Extracted from the article]