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TE guided modes at microwave frequencies in metal-left-handed material-ferrite waveguide structures are studied numerically. The effect of ferrite layer parameters on the dispersion properties of the waveguide structure is investigated in details. It is found that the modal index of the guided mode is negative as if the overall structure was left-handed material. A considerable effect of the gyromagnetic ferrite layer on the dispersion properties of the structure is observed. The power propagating in each layer is also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A finite photonic layered system alternating usual media with a dispersive metamaterial with two central layers in a PT- symmetric arrangement is investigated under the oblique incidence of an electromagnetic wave. We have found a defect mode within the gap, and we have studied its optical properties under the influence of gain and loss distributed in these central layers. As a consequence of PT-symmetry in the system, we find that exceptional points can be attracted to or repelled from each other depending on which side of the frequency band under study. Below the plasmon frequency, repulsion occurs between pairs of exceptional points, while above it they attract each other. • Defect mode within the PP-gap. • Influence of the non-Hermiticity on the gap and defect properties. • Exceptional points can be attracted or repelled in layered systems with metamaterial inclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Compact Tunable negative Metamaterial for enhancing 5G network performance. • Frequency-Tunable Tri-Hexagon and Tri-Square Split Ring Resonator for Bandwidth Optimization. • Empowering 5G with Double Negative (DNG) Properties. • Fabrication of the proposed metamaterial experimental result to verify the overall performance. This paper introduces a compact tuneable metamaterial (MTM) unit cell featuring a tri-hexagon and tri-square split ring resonator (THTSSSR) structure designed for 5G communication applications. Metamaterials are employed to achieve unique electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. The design process involves the arrangement of three square rings and three hexagon rings as metallic patches on a Rogers substrate (RT 5880), measuring 7 x 7 mm2 with a thickness of 1.575 mm. The proposed design exhibits double negative (DNG) properties, with resonances in the transmission coefficient (S21) at 3.493 GHz and a bandwidth of −10 dB covering frequencies between 3.057 and 3.711 GHz. Numerical simulations conducted using finite-integration techniques (FIT) in CST Microwave Studio validate the design's effectiveness, with confirmation through the Advanced Design System (ADS). The MTM unit cell demonstrates tuneable attributes, including negative permittivity ranging from 3.39 to 5 GHz and negative permeability from 3.39 to 3.86 GHz. These findings highlight the compactness and tunability of the proposed design, making it promising for 5G communication applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]