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This paper proposes a novel multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method for interval rough numbers (IRNs) considering different distribution types, namely uniform, exponential, and normal distributions. Upper and lower approximate interval dominance degrees are defined and aggregated using dynamic weights to obtain pairwise comparisons of IRNs. The properties of dominance are verified, and an attribute weight determination method based on the dominance balance degree is introduced. The proposed MADM method is data-driven and does not rely on the subjective preferences of decision-makers. Case analysis demonstrates the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method, revealing that the distribution type of IRNs significantly impacts decision results, potentially leading to reversed ranking outcomes. The proposed method offers a comprehensive framework for handling MADM problems with IRNs under different distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to terahertz (THz) range is of interest for applications in a number of fields, from fundamental research to biology and medicine. Besides conventional laser technology, photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-IR or THz pulses. Here, we present a photon deceleration scheme for the efficient generation of ultrashort mid-IR or THz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long wavelength. The signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate time delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver pulse. Owing to its relatively long wavelength, the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasma wake bubble. Consequently, the photon deceleration in the plasma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal pulses with longer wavelengths. This greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and THz spectral ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A congenital protein anomaly in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton causes a hereditary haemolytic illness known as hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The primary characteristic of HS is an increase in the number of tiny spherical red blood cells in the peripheral blood. The chief clinical features of HS include anaemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, spherical erythrocytosis in the blood, chronic anaemia with haemolysis, and recurrent acute attacks. Most patients have a family history; some have autosomal recessive inheritance, whereas most have autosomal dominant inheritance. In cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia disproportionate to haemolysis, other causes of hyperbilirubinemia should be considered. Gilbert syndrome (GS) is an autosomal dominant illness caused by the reduced activity of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase lAl and is characterised by intermittent hyperbilirubinemia without any other signs or symptoms of liver disease. The possibility of the coexistence of HS and GS is very limited. Here we present the case of an elderly man with yellow skin and sclera recurring anaemia, and a final diagnosis of coexisting HS and GS.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifier responsible for tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). Previous studies have linked PRC2 to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell development, but its physiological and precise role remained unclear. To address this, we conditionally deleted Eed, a core subunit of PRC2, in mouse T cells. The results showed that Eed-deficient mice exhibited a severe reduction in iNKT cell numbers, particularly NKT1 and NKT17 cells, while conventional T cells and NKT2 cells remained intact. Deletion of Eed disrupted iNKT cell differentiation, leading to increased cell death, which was accompanied by a severe reduction in H3K27me3 levels and abnormal expression of Zbtb16, Cdkn2a, and Cdkn1a. Interestingly, Eed-deficient mice were highly susceptible to acetaminophen-induced liver injury and inflammation in an iNKT cell-dependent manner, highlighting the critical role of Eed-mediated H3K27me3 marks in liver-resident iNKT cells. These findings provide further insight into the epigenetic orchestration of iNKT cell-specific transcriptional programs.

The 21st century has seen an exponential growth in the number of papers published by Chinese geographers, yet this surge in publication has not corresponded to a commensurate increase in societal impact. The voices of geographers, particularly those of the younger generation, have diminished when confronted with substantial scientific and societal challenges. A pivotal factor contributing to this phenomenon is the academic evaluation system, which places significant emphasis on the quantities of papers and projects. This system significantly impedes cohesive progress in the field of Chinese geography, leading geographers, especially the younger generation, to diverge from the fundamental principles of the discipline. Consequently, there is a gradual neglect of the "comprehensiveness" and "regionality" dimensions that geography traditionally employs to tackle significant issues. To augment the capacity of geography to confront crucial challenges and enhance its standing within both the disciplinary and societal realms, Chinese geography should embark on a trajectory of consolidated development. This includes crucial steps such as strengthening geography education, establishing a leading problem-oriented framework, outlining pathways for integrating physical and human geography, and utilizing initiatives such as the "Top Ten Research Progresses in Chinese Geographical Science" to guide synthesized geographic development.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a common chronic disease in psychiatric long-term care institutions. Taipei City Hospital Songde Branch Psychiatric Nursing Home (TCHSBPNH) is the first public psychiatric nursing home in Taipei City. There's not only a complete interdisciplinary care system, but also detail initial evaluation at admission of residents, including basic demographic information, cognitive assessments, activities of daily living, and so on. It is known that patients with schizophrenia are generally accompanied by cognitive impairments, which further affects their activities of daily living (ADL) performance, but we still don't know the correlation between of them. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between cognitive function and ADL function of psychiatric nursing home residents with schizophrenia. The results would promote clinical intervention in ADL training for institutional patients. Methods: 39 participants with chronic schizophrenia (mean age =63.95±6.59 years) were recruited for the study from 2020 to 2021 in TCHSBPNH. We collected every resident's assessment data, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barthel Index, Lawton - Brody Instrumental Activities Of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL scale) and Composite Physical Function (CPF) Scale. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between cognitive function and ADL. Results: Moderate positive correlations were showed between cognitive function and ADL (p <.05). The statistic results as follow, MMSE and Barthel Index (γ=.627, p <.001), Lawton IADL scale (γ=.431, p =.006), and CPF (γ=.341, p =.034) respectively exhibited significant correlations. Image: Image 2: Image 3: Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between cognitive function and ADL in psychiatric nursing home residents with schizophrenia. The better cognitive function performance becomes, the better independent ADL functions will be. Thus, the psychiatric nursing home residents' independent ADL training will also vary from person to person. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a famous population-based metaheuristic algorithm, a genetic algorithm can be used to overcome optimization complexities. A genetic algorithm adopts probabilistic transition rules and is suitable for parallelism, which makes this algorithm attractive in many areas, including the logistics and supply chain sector. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the development in this area, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis on the application of a genetic algorithm in logistics and supply chains using data from 1991 to 2024 from the Web of Science database. The authors found a growing trend in the number of publications and citations over the years. This paper serves as an important reference to researchers by highlighting important research areas, such as multi-objective optimization, metaheuristics, sustainability issues in logistics, and machine learning integration. This bibliometric analysis also underlines the importance of Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), sustainability, machine learning, and variable neighborhood search in the application of a genetic algorithm in logistics and supply chains in the near future. The integration of a genetic algorithm with machine learning is also a potential research gap to be filled to overcome the limitations of genetic algorithms, such as the long computational time, difficulties in obtaining optimal solutions, and convergence issues for application in logistics and supply chains.

Sodium sulfide (Na 2 S) as an initial cathode material in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries is conducive to get rid of the dependence on Na-metal anode. However, the micron-sized Na 2 S that accords with the practical requirements is obstructed due to poor kinetics and severe shuttle effect. Herein, a subtle strategy is proposed via regulating Na 2 S redeposition behaviours. By the synergistic effect from both conductive structure and cuprous sulfide (Cu 2 S) catalysis, the micron-sized Na 2 S particles are broken down and redeposited to nano-size during the initial cycle which can be fully utilized in subsequent cycles. Consequently, the Na 2 S/CPVP@Cu 2 S||Na cell delivers excellent cyclability (670 mAh g S -1 after 500 cycles) with a remarkable average Coulombic efficiency over 99.7% and rate capability (480 mAh g S -1 S and offers insights into its conversion pathway.S -1 ). Besides, the Na-free anodes are used to prove the application prospects. This work provides an innovative idea for utilizing micron-sized Na 2 S and offers insights into its conversion pathway., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interest., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is the second most widely cultured crustacean globally. As a highly invasive species with a worldwide distribution, P. clarkii presents a substantial risk for the transmission of viral pathogens to native aquatic organisms. Recently, the emergence of growth retardation disease (GRD) in P. clarkii has led to significant production declines and economic losses. A comprehensive viromic analysis could offer valuable insights into the potential viral pathogens harbored by P. clarkii. Here we systematically examined the RNA viromes of healthy and GRD-affected P. clarkii collected from Qianjiang, China. Our investigation identified a total of 1729 viral species across 21 known viral taxa, with 1603 species being previously unreported. The orders Picornavirales, Tolivirales, and Nodamuvirales were predominant in both species count and relative abundance. Moreover, seven viruses exhibited higher abundance in GRD-affected P. clarkii compared to healthy individuals. Our work uncovers an unexpectedly diverse RNA viral community within P. clarkii and identifies potential viral pathogens associated with GRD in this species., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

C-type lectins (CTLs), a class of carbohydrate-recognizing glycoproteins, play a vital role in immune response against bacterial infection. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major bacterial pathogen in shrimp, causing huge economic losses to shrimp farming. The role of the CTL family in anti-V. parahaemolyticus immunity requires further exploration. In this study, a novel CTL named Perlucin with immune regulatory functions was characterized from Litopenaeus vannamei. Perlucin was highly expressed in the muscle and hepatopancreas of healthy L. vannamei. The mRNA levels of Perlucin were significantly upregulated after LPS stimulation, and V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger infections. Silencing of Perlucin by injection of specific dsRNA decreased the survival rate of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp and increased the bacterial load of V. parahaemolyticus in tissues, while injection of recombinant Perlucin protein had the opposite effect. Moreover, silencing of Perlucin significantly affected the expression of multiple the immune-related genes, including immune signaling components and downstream effector genes, suggesting that Perlucin is involved in immune regulation. This suggests that perlucin plays a crucial role in regulating humoral immune response against V. parahaemolyticus infection in shrimp., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: The ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a restorative procedure performed after proctocolectomy to improve quality of life in patients with colorectal conditions like ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and selected cases of Crohn's disease and Lynch syndrome. However, severe pouch dysfunction can occur, often necessitating further surgical intervention., Objective: This technical note aims to describe the operative approach and perioperative management for diverting ileostomy as a treatment for dysfunctional ileoanal pouches., Methods: Indications for the procedure include complications such as pelvic sepsis, pouchitis, fistulas, and Crohn's disease of the pouch. Preoperative planning involves a multidisciplinary team, stoma site marking, and imaging to assess bowel integrity. The surgical technique utilizes laparoscopic access with careful adhesiolysis to minimize bowel injury, with intraoperative pouchoscopy to identify anatomical landmarks. An ileostomy is created by selecting a tension-free small bowel segment and approximating it to a pre-marked stoma site. Attention is given to preserving bowel length to allow for potential future restorative procedures. Postoperative care focuses on stoma management and addressing ongoing pouch dysfunction symptoms., Conclusions: Diverting ileostomy offers symptom relief for patients with pouch dysfunction while avoiding more complex procedures like pouch excision. It is a valuable option in managing pouch failure., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, electroporation-surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was applied to rapidly measure intracellular pH. The generation of a sensitive SERS probe for measuring pH in the range of 6.0-8.0 was accomplished through the conjugation of the pH-sensitive molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) to the surface of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) through its thiol functional group. This bioprobe was then rapidly introduced into nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells by electroporation, followed by SERS scanning and the fitting of intensity ratios of each detection point's Raman peaks at 1423 cm -1 and 1072 cm -1 , to create the pH distribution map of CNE-1 cells. The electroporation-SERS assay introduces pH bioprobes into a living cell in a very short time and disperses the nanoprobe throughout the cytoplasm, ultimately enabling rapid and comprehensive pH analysis of the entire cell. Our work demonstrates the potential of electroporation-SERS for the biochemical analysis of live cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Diet is an essential modifiable determinant of bone health, yet the associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese children remain limited., Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overall diet and low BMD risk among school-aged children in China., Methods: A total of 1,099 children aged 9-12 in China were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. A priori numerical index, the Chinese Dietary Guidelines Index for Children and Adolescents [CDGI (2021)-C] was utilized to assess dietary quality. Specific DPs were identified by using principal components analysis (PCA). The BMD of the left forearm was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Spearman correlation test was conducted to investigate the associations between DPs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline models (RCS) were applied to explore the associations between DPs and BMD., Results: Three distinct DPs were identified: the plant-animal balanced pattern, the grain-tuber-meat pattern, and the bean-dairy pattern. We found a weak but significant positive correlation of the CDGI (2021)-C with the plant-animal balanced pattern (R = 0.318, P < 0.001), and with the bean-dairy pattern (R = 0.266, P < 0.001), respectively. After adjusting for covariates, adherence to the CDGI (2021)-C (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27-0.75), the plant-animal balanced pattern (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81), and the bean-dairy pattern (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.96) were associated with a lower risk of low BMD. No significant association was observed between the grain-tuber-meat pattern and low BMD (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.90-1.31)., Conclusion: Adherence to the CDGI (2021)-C and the plant-animal balanced pattern is advantageous for bone health and inversely correlated with the risk of low BMD among school-aged children in China. Additionally, moderate adherence to the bean-dairy pattern may also confer benefits to bone health. A balanced and overall healthy diet should be recommended in our daily life., (© 2024. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is the most extensively characterized eukaryotic model organism and has long been used to gain insight into the fundamentals of genetics, cellular biology, and the functions of specific genes and proteins. The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) is a scientific resource that provides information about the genome and biology of S. cerevisiae. For more than 30 years, SGD has maintained the genetic nomenclature, chromosome maps, and functional annotation for budding yeast along with search and analysis tools to explore these data. Here we describe recent updates at SGD, including the two most recent reference genome annotation updates, expanded biochemical pathways representation, changes to SGD search and data files, and other enhancements to the SGD website and user interface. These activities are part of our continuing effort to promote insights gained from yeast to enable the discovery of functional relationships between sequence and gene products in fungi and higher eukaryotes., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Genetics Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical condition marked by rapid-onset respiratory failure due to extensive inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability, often progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process essential for removing damaged organelles and proteins, plays a crucial role in regulating lung injury and repair. This review examines the protective role of autophagy in maintaining cellular function and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in ALI. It underscores the necessity of precise regulation to fully harness the therapeutic potential of autophagy in this context. We summarize the mechanisms by which autophagy influences lung injury and repair, discuss the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis, and examine potential therapeutic strategies, including autophagy inducers, targeted autophagy signaling pathways, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, gene editing, and stem cell therapy. Understanding the role of autophagy in ALI could lead to novel interventions for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates associated with this severe condition., Competing Interests: Compliance with Ethical Standards Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate Animal protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

CDKL5(Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) encodes a kinase that may influence components of molecular pathways associated with MeCP2 and regulates axon outgrowth, dendritic morphogenesis, and synapse formation early in life. Here, we report an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line generated from an epilepsy patient harboring the CDKL5 c.2684C > T (p.P895L) variant. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient were successfully reprogrammed into iPSCs that expressed pluripotency markers, a normal karyotype, and the capacity to differentiate into the three germ layers in vivo. This iPSC line is a potential resource for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: The combination of transarterial chemoembolization, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy (triple therapy) has shown promising outcomes in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to build a prognostic model to identify patients who could benefit from triple therapy., Patients and Methods: This retrospective study encompassed 242 patients with HCC who underwent triple therapy from two centers (Training cohort: 158 patients from the Center 1; External validation cohort: 84 patients from the Center 2). Independent predictors of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were identified through Cox regression analyses, and prognostic models based on Cox proportional hazards models were developed. Prognosis was assessed using Kaplan - Meier curves., Results: In the training cohort, independent predictors of PFS included vascular invasion and the C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy (CRAFITY) score. Independent predictors of OS were the CRAFITY score, extrahepatic metastasis, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Prognostic prediction models were constructed based on these variables. The prognostic model for OS demonstrated a C-index of 0.715 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.662-0.768) in the training cohort and 0.701 (95% CI, 0.628-0.774) in the validation cohort. Patients were divided into low- and high-risk categories using the predictive model (P<0.001). These findings were corroborated by the external validation cohort., Conclusion: The developed prognostic model serves as a reliable and convenient tool to predict outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing triple therapy. It aids clinicians in making informed treatment decisions., Competing Interests: The author(s) report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Kang et al.)

The genus Megalocytivirus, belonging to the family Iridoviridae, is one of the most detrimental virus groups to fish aquaculture. Megalocytivirus creates a virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) on the surface of infected cells. This membrane provides attachment sites for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), disrupting fish's endothelial cell-extracellular matrix system. This disruption triggers injury to the vascular system and can result in death. Exploring the VMBM-cell interaction mechanism is crucial for uncovering the pathogenesis of Megalocytivirus and identifying therapeutic targets. Claudins, a class of tetra transmembrane proteins, play a key role in creating tight junctions between endothelial or epithelial cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of Claudin2, a member of the Claudin family in fish, was significantly up-regulated by Megalocytivirus infection. Claudin2 was found in LECs attached to the surface of infected cells. It interacted with the VMBM viral components VP23R, VP08R, and VP33L at multiple binding sites through its two extracellular loops. However, it did not interact with the host basement membrane's nidogen. Therefore, Claudin2 is involved in the interaction of LEC with VMBM and plays a role in the disturbed distribution of extracellular matrix and endothelial cells in Megalocytivirus-infected fish tissues. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which Megalocytivirus infection leads to pathological changes in the vascular system., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Canine parvovirus (CPV) can cause high morbidity and mortality rates in puppies, posing a significant threat to both pet dogs and the breeding industry. Rapid, accurate, and convenient detection methods are important for the early intervention and treatment of canine parvovirus. In this study, we propose a visual CPV detection system called nucleic acid mismatch enzyme digestion (NMED). This system combines loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), endonuclease for gene mismatch detection, and colloidal gold lateral chromatography. We demonstrated that NMED can induce the binding of the amplicon from the sample to the specific labeling probe, which in turn triggers digestion by the endonuclease. The sensitivity and visual visibility of LAMP were increased by combining endonuclease and colloidal gold lateral chromatography assisted by a simple temperature-controlled device. The sensitivity of the NMED assay was 1 copy/μL, which was consistent with quantitative PCR (qPCR). The method was validated with 20 clinical samples that potentially had CPV infection; 15 positive samples and 5 negative samples were evaluated; and the detection accuracy was consistent with that of qPCR. As a rapid, accurate, and convenient molecular diagnostic method, NMED has great potential for application in the field of pathogenic microorganism detection., Importance: The NMED method has been established in the laboratory and used for CPV detection. The method has several advantages, including simple sampling, high sensitivity, intuitive results, and no requirement for expensive equipment. The establishment of this method has commercial potential and offers a novel approach and concept for the future development of clinical detection of pathogenic microorganisms., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome commonly occurs after glioma resection and requires weeks to months of recovery., Methods: Thirty-four glioma patients with SMA syndrome were reviewed and assigned to recovered and non-recovered groups based on whether their motor function recovered on postoperative day 7. To validate the association between variations in nodal properties and recovery time, neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) was applied to stimulate potential nodes. Nine other patients (five nrTMS therapy and four sham-nrTMS treatments) with SMA syndrome with unrecovered motor functions on postoperation day 7 were prospectively enrolled., Results: The potential nodes of the sensorimotor network related to recovery time were investigated using preoperative and postoperative resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, graph theoretical analysis, and dynamic functional connectome analysis. Nodal efficiency of the lesional-hemispheric upper limb region of BA 4 (A4ul&#95;L) increased in the recovered group (preoperative, 0.472 ± 0.027; postoperative, 0.535 ± 0.020; p = 0.0006). The patients in the nrTMS therapy group quickly recovered (12.0 ± 1.6 days) compared to the sham-nrTMS group (29.5 ± 3.8 days, p = 0.0024). Variations in A4ul&#95;L nodal efficiency was negatively correlated with recovery time (r = -0.841; p = 0.0046)., Conclusion: A4ul&#95;L demonstrates enhanced postoperative nodal efficiency and shows therapeutic potential in SMA syndrome recovery, suggesting its viability as a therapeutic target., (© 2024 The Author(s). CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Cancer progression and response to therapy are inextricably reliant on the co-evolution of a supportive tissue microenvironment. This is particularly evident in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor type characterized by expansive and heterogeneous stroma. Herein, we employed single cell RNAseq and spatial transcriptomics of normal, inflamed, and malignant pancreatic tissues to contextualize stromal dynamics associated with disease and treatment status, identifying temporal and spatial trajectories of fibroblast differentiation. Using analytical tools to infer cellular communication, together with a newly developed assay to annotate genomic alterations in cancer cells, we additionally explored the complex intercellular networks underlying tissue circuitry, highlighting a fibroblast-centric interactome that grows in strength and complexity in the context of malignant transformation. Our study yields new insights on the stromal remodeling events favoring the development of a tumor-supportive microenvironment and provides a powerful resource for the exploration of novel points of therapeutic intervention in PDAC.

Enteroviruses contain multiple serotypes and can cause severe neurological complications. The intricate life cycle of enteroviruses involving dynamic virus-receptor interaction hampers the development of broad therapeutics and vaccines. Here, using function-based screening, we identify a broadly therapeutic antibody h1A6.2 that potently protects mice in lethal models of infection with both enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of the virion-SCARB2 interactions and monocyte/macrophage-dependent Fc effector functions. h1A6.2 mitigates inflammation and improves intramuscular mechanics, which are associated with diminished innate immune signalling and preserved tissue repair. Moreover, cryogenic electron microscopy structures delineate an adaptive binding of h1A6.2 to the flexible and dynamic nature of the VP2 EF loop with a binding angle mimicking the SCARB2 receptor. The coordinated binding mode results in efficient binding of h1A6.2 to all viral particle types and facilitates broad neutralization of enterovirus, therefore informing a promising target for the structure-guided design of pan-enterovirus vaccine., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Circadian rhythms are 24-h rhythms governing temporal organization of behavior and physiology generated by molecular clocks composed of autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs). Disruption of circadian rhythms leads to a spectrum of pathologies, including cancer by triggering or being involved in different hallmarks. Clock control of phenotypic plasticity involved in tumorigenesis operates in aberrant dedifferentiating to progenitor-like cell states, generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) events. Circadian rhythms might act as candidates for regulatory mechanisms of cellular senescent and functional determinants of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Reciprocal control between clock and epigenetics sheds light on post-transcriptional regulation of circadian rhythms and opens avenues for novel anti-cancer strategies. Additionally, disrupting circadian rhythms influences microbiota communities that could be associated with altered homeostasis contributing to cancer development. Herein, we summarize recent advances in support of the nexus between disruptions of circadian rhythms and cancer hallmarks of new dimensions, thus providing novel perspectives on potentially effective treatment approaches for cancer management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We claim the following statements: No conflict of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Depression and anxiety's impact on glioma patient survival lacks consensus. Understanding these effects can highlight the importance of identifying depression and anxiety in glioma patients, and inform future treatments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify the impact of depression and anxiety on glioma patient survival., Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of major databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO, from inception to June 2023, to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were those that examined the association between depression, anxiety, or both, and survival outcomes in glioma patients. Data were extracted and analyzed using fixed-effects meta-analysis models to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a diverse range of glioma patients across different clinical settings and stages. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association between depression and reduced overall survival in glioma patients, with a pooled HR of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.41-1.83, 11 studies). The preliminary univariate meta-regression results indicate no impact of individual study characteristics on the effect size. Likewise, anxiety was associated with worse overall survival, with a pooled HR of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.18-2.31, 5 studies)., Conclusions: This meta-analysis underscores the vital need to identify and treat depression and anxiety in glioma patients. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms, aiding the creation of interventions enhancing both mental health and clinical outcomes for this vulnerable group., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants are the standard of care for stroke prevention in eligible patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter; however, bleeding remains a significant concern, limiting their use. Milvexian is an oral Factor XIa inhibitor that may offer similar anticoagulant efficacy with less bleeding risk., Methods: LIBREXIA AF (NCT05757869) is a global phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, event-driven trial to compare milvexian with apixaban in participants with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Participants are randomly assigned to milvexian 100 mg or apixaban (5 mg or 2.5 mg per label indication) twice daily. The primary efficacy objective is to evaluate if milvexian is noninferior to apixaban for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. The principal safety objective is to evaluate if milvexian is superior to apixaban in reducing the endpoint of International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) major bleeding events and the composite endpoint of ISTH major and clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM) bleeding events. In total, 15,500 participants from approximately 1,000 sites in over 30 countries are planned to be enrolled. They will be followed until both 430 primary efficacy outcome events and 530 principal safety events are observed, which is estimated to take approximately 4 years., Conclusion: The LIBREXIA AF study will determine the efficacy and safety of the oral Factor XIa inhibitor milvexian compared with apixaban in participants with either atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05757869., Competing Interests: Disclosures SSJ reports consulting fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, ARTIS Ventures, and Broadview Ventures outside of the submitted work. KWM’s financial disclosures can be reviewed at http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/kenneth-mahaffey. KSP is a member of The Thrombosis Research Institute which has received institutional research grant support from Anthos Therapeutics and Bayer Pharmaceuticals. She has received honoraria from Element Science and Artivion, Inc. WS has received honoraria (>10K USD) from Daiichi Sankyo, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, and Pfizer Japan, and research grants (>50K USD) from Daiichi Sankyo and Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim. CTR reports Research Grants through Institution from: Athos, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen and Novartis. Honoraria for scientific ad boards and consulting from: Anthos, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen and Pfizer. He is a member of The TIMI Study Group which has received institutional research grant support through Brigham and Women's Hospital from: Abbott, Abiomed, Inc, Amgen, Anthos Therapeutics, ARCA Biopharma, Inc, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Roche, Saghmos Therapeutics, Inc, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc, Softcell Medical Limited, The Medicines Company, Verve Therapeutics, Inc, Zora Biosciences. PRK reports consultancy from Anthos, J&J, BMS and Bayer. GS has received research grants from Amarin, AstraZeneca, and Sanofi; has participated in clinical trials, consulting, or speaking for Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Idorsia, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, PhaseBio, Pfizer, and Sanofi; is a Senior Associate Editor at Circulation; and serves as the CMO for Bioquantis. RM reports institutional research payments from: Abbott, Affluent Medical, Alleviant Medical, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BAIM, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CardiaWave, CERC, Chiesi, Concept Medical, Daiichi Sankyo, Duke, Faraday, Idorsia, Janssen, MedAlliance, Medscape, Mediasphere, Medtelligence, Medtronic, Novartis, OrbusNeich, Pi-Cardia, Protembis, RM Global Bioaccess Fund Management, Sanofi; consultant to Affluent Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi USA, Cordis, Esperion Science/Innovative Biopharma, Gaffney Events, Educational Trust, Global Clinical Trial Partners, Ltd., IQVIA, Medscape/WebMD Global, NovoNordisk, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, TERUMO Europe N.V., Radcliffe and honoararia from AMA and ACC. SCJ has received research support from Jansen, BMS, and AstraZeneca. GJH reports personal honoraria outside the submitted work from the American Heart Association (Associate Editor, Circulation), Bristol Myers Squibb (Steering Committee, AXIOMATIC-SSP trial of milvexian [factor XIa inhibitor] for secondary stroke prevention) and Janssen (Co-chair, Executive Committee, Librexia Stroke trial of milvexian for secondary stroke prevention). RAH has received research grants/contracts from NHLBI (ISCHEMIA), Duke/PCORI (ADAPTABLE), Janssen (Factor Xia inhibitor), CSL (HDL), Baim Institute, UColorado, Harvard (BWH), and Merck; has served as a consultant/advisor for NHLBI (COVID/CONNECTS), Atropos Health, Bitterroot Bio, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bridge Bio, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Edwards Lifesciences Corp, Element Science, Foresight, Merck, and WebMD; and serves on the Board of Directors for AHA and Cytokinetics. CSPL is supported by a Clinician Scientist Award from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore; has Received research support from Novo Nordisk and Roche Diagnostics; has Served as consultant or on the Advisory Board/ Steering Committee/ Executive Committee for Alleviant Medical, Allysta Pharma, AnaCardio AB, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biopeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, CardioRenal, CPC Clinical Research, Eli Lilly, Hanmi, Impulse Dynamics, Intellia Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceutical, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Medscape/WebMD Global LLC, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Prosciento Inc, Quidel Corporation, Radcliffe Group Ltd., Recardio Inc, ReCor Medical, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics and Us2.ai; and serves as Co-founder and nonexecutive director of Us2.ai. The remaining authors report no relevant disclosures or competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The risk of adverse effects in Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), such as cognitive impairment, can be high if an excessive stimulus is applied to induce the necessary generalized seizure (GS); Conversely, inadequate stimulus results in failure. Recent efforts to automate this task can facilitate statistical analyses on individual parameters or qualitative predictions. However, this automation still significantly lags behind the requirements in clinical practices. This study addresses this issue by predicting the probability of GS induction under the joint restriction of a patient's EEG (electroencephalogram) and the stimulus parameters, sustained by a two-stage learning model (namely ECTnet): 1) Temporal-Spatial Feature Learning. Channel-wise convolution via multiple convolution kernels first learns the deep features of the EEG, followed by a "ConvLSTM" constructing the temporal-spatial features aided with the enforced convolution operations at the LSTM gates; 2) GS Prediction. The probability of seizure induction is predicted based on the EEG features fused with stimulus parameters, through which the optimal parameter setting(s) may be obtained by minimizing the stimulus charge while ensuring the probability above a threshold. Experiments have been conducted on EEG data from 96 subjects with mental disorders to examine the performance and design of ECTnet. These experiments indicate that ECTnet can effectively automate the selection of optimal stimulus parameters: 1) an AUC of 0.746, F1-score of 0.90, a precision of 89% and a recall of 93% in the prediction of seizure induction have been achieved, outperforming the state-of-the-art counterpart, and 2) inclusion of parameter features increases the F1-score by 0.054.

Rationale and Objectives: Accurate prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for guiding treatment. This study evaluates and compares the performance of clinicoradiologic, traditional radiomics, deep-learning radiomics, feature fusion, and decision fusion models based on multi-region MR habitat imaging using six machine-learning classifiers., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included 300 HCC patients. The intratumoral and peritumoral regions were segmented into distinct habitats, from which radiomics and deep-learning features were extracted using arterial phase MR images. To reduce feature dimensionality, we applied intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) filtering, and recursive feature elimination (RFE). Based on the selected optimal features, prediction models were constructed using decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and XGBoost (XGB) classifiers. Additionally, fusion models were developed utilizing both feature fusion and decision fusion strategies. The performance of these models was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis., Results: The decision fusion model (VOI-Peri10-1) using LR and integrating clinicoradiologic, radiomics, and deep-learning features achieved the highest AUC of 0.808 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.807-0.912) in the test cohort, with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P > 0.050) and clinical net benefit., Conclusion: The LR-based decision fusion model integrating clinicoradiologic, radiomics, and deep-learning features shows promise for preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC, aiding in patient outcome predictions and personalized treatment planning., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Tumor immunotherapy has significantly transformed the field of oncology over the past decade. An optimal tumor immunotherapy would ideally elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses within tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Unfortunately, immune system experiences functional decline with chronological age, a process termed "immunosenescence," which contributes to impaired immune responses against pathogens, suboptimal vaccination outcomes, and heightened vulnerability to various diseases, including cancer. In this context, we will elucidate hallmarks and molecular mechanisms underlying immunosenescence, detailing alterations in immunosenescence at molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels. The role of immunosenescence in tumorigenesis and senescence-related extracellular matrix (ECM) has also been addressed. Recognizing that immunosenescence is a dynamic process influenced by various factors, we will evaluate treatment strategies targeting hallmarks and molecular mechanisms, as well as methods for immune cell, organ restoration, and present emerging approaches in immunosenescence for tumor immunotherapy. The overarching goal of immunosenescence research is to prevent tumor development, recurrence, and metastasis, ultimately improving patient prognosis. Our review aims to reveal latest advancements and prospective directions in the field of immunosenescence research, offering a theoretical basis for development of practical anti-immunosenescence and anti-tumor strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). MedComm published by Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: Displaced femoral neck fractures frequently result in considerable patient morbidity, with complications such as postoperative femoral neck shortening occurring in up to 39.1% of cases. This shortening is associated with reduced hip function and mobility. The Femoral Neck System (FNS), which allows for controlled sliding to facilitate fracture reduction and healing, may mitigate these issues. However, the ideal sliding distance to balance fracture healing and minimize complications is not well defined., Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 179 patients who underwent FNS fixation for displaced femoral neck fractures at our institution from September 2019 to September 2023. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the intraoperative sliding distance allowed by the FNS: the Minimal Slide group (≤ 5 mm), the Moderate Slide group (> 5 to ≤ 10 mm), and the Extensive Slide group (> 10 to 20 mm). Primary outcomes included postoperative femoral neck shortening, the incidence of moderate to severe shortening, time to fracture union, and hip joint function as assessed by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Parker Mobility Score. Secondary outcomes included complication rates such as implant cut-out, nonunion, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and the need for secondary surgery., Results: The Extensive Slide group of moderate to severe shortening at 32.31%, which was 1.59-fold and 8.88-fold that of the Moderate Slide (20.34%) and Minimal Slide group's (3.64%), respectively (P < 0.01). The sliding predominantly occurred within the first three months postoperatively and had substantially ceased by six months. At one year postoperatively, the median shortening was 2.7 mm (IQR, 0.7 to 3.5 mm) for the Minimal Slide group, a value that was notably lower compared to the 3.2 mm (IQR, 2.4 to 4.6 mm) for the Moderate Slide group and the 3.5 mm (IQR, 1.3 to 8.1 mm) for the Extensive Slide group. The average time to achieve union was similar across all groups, with no significant differences. Functional outcomes, as assessed by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Parker Mobility Score, the Harris Hip Score (HHS) demonstrated statistical significance, the Parker Mobility Score did not reach statistical significance., Conclusions: Restricting FNS slide to ≤ 5 mm in surgery may reduce shortening, improve hip function, and not hinder fracture healing or implant stability. Considering the key 3-month sliding timeline postoperatively is advisable in clinical practice. Further research with a broader patient cohort is vital to confirm these findings and to anchor them in evidence-based practice., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Currently, there is a lack of global or even country/regional level data on adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence. However, an evidenced dose-dependent relationship exists between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of NAFLD. We aim to estimate the global and regional prevalence of adolescent NAFLD and related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) based on BMI., Methods: Sigmoidal fitting curves were generated between BMI and the risk of NAFLD/NASH using the data extracted from the NHANES database. With global and regional BMI data from the NCD-RisC database, adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence was estimated at the international, regional, and country levels from 1975 to 2016. The prevalence of adolescent NAFLD/NASH from 2017 to 2030 was also forecasted., Results: The mean NAFLD prevalence was 15.31, and 12.68%, while the mean NASH prevalence was 2.50, and 2.47%, in boys, and girls aged 12-18, respectively. For both boys and girls, NAFLD/NASH prevalence increased with increasing BMI, and age. The global prevalence of adolescent NAFLD/NASH has gradually increased in the period from 1975 to 2016 and will maintain a similar trend between 2017 and 2030. High-income Western Countries had higher adolescent NAFLD/NASH whereas South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited relatively lower adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of NAFLD prevalence in boys ranged from 0.72% (age 18) to 1.16% (age 12) while that in girls ranged from 0.69% (age 18) to 0.92% (age 12). EAPC of NASH prevalence in boys ranged from 1.65% (age 18) to 1.77% (age 12), and in girls from 1.48% (age 18) to 1.68% (age 12)., Conclusion: The adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence increases year by year, and its burden varies significantly among different countries and regions. BMI is a precise predictor of NAFLD/NASH prevalence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Lin, Li, Huang, Lin, Hong, Weng and Pan.)

The single-cell Raman spectra of human leukemic Jurkat cells can be obtained by confocal microscopy Raman spectroscopy, including cell groups treated with different doses of cisplatin (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 and 14 μmol L -1 ) for 24 hours and those treated with 10.5 μmol L -1 cisplatin for different times (0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours). The structure and amount of protein, nucleic acid and other major molecules from different cell groups show special changes in the percentage of biochemical constituents. Compared with the control group, the two protein Raman bands (1449 and 1659 cm -1 ) and two DNA bands (1303 and 1338 cm -1 ) in the treatment groups decrease in intensity with the increase of the drug dose and treatment time of cisplatin. Partial least squares combined with support vector machines was used to develop diagnostic algorithms for distinguishing between control and treatment groups. The support vector machines for classification between the control group (0 μmol L -1 ) and cell groups treated with 10.5 and 14 μmol L -1 cisplatin for 24 hours have achieved good diagnostic results with a high sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 100%, respectively, indicating that 10.5 μmol L -1 can be used as an appropriate therapeutic dose. Using the same method, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between the control group (0 hours) and cell groups treated with 10.5 μmol L -1 cisplatin for 24 and 36 hours are all 100%, showing that 24 hours can be used as an appropriate therapeutic time. These results showed that Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis could be a useful tool for evaluating the cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin in human leukemic cells.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a highly prevalent liver disease globally, with a significant risk of progressing to cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Efferocytosis, a process implicated in a broad spectrum of chronic inflammatory disorders, has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of MASH; however, its precise role remains obscure. Thus, we aimed to identify and validate efferocytosis linked signatures for detection of MASH., Methods: We retrieved gene expression patterns of MASH from the GEO database and then focused on assessing the differential expression of efferocytosis-related genes (EFRGs) between MASH and control groups. This analysis was followed by a series of in-depth investigations, including protein-protein interaction (PPI), correlation analysis, and functional enrichment analysis, to uncover the molecular interactions and pathways at play. To screen for biomarkers for diagnosis, we applied machine learning algorithm to identify hub genes and constructed a clinical predictive model. Additionally, we conducted immune infiltration and single-cell transcriptome analyses in both MASH and control samples, providing insights into the immune cell landscape and cellular heterogeneity in these conditions., Results: This research pinpointed 39 genes exhibiting a robust correlation with efferocytosis in MASH. Among these, five potential diagnostic biomarkers- TREM2, TIMD4, STAB1, C1QC, and DYNLT1 -were screened using two distinct machine learning models. Subsequent external validation and animal experimentation validated the upregulation of TREM2 and downregulation of TIMD4 in MASH samples. Notably, both TREM2 and TIMD4 demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.9, underscoring their significant potential in facilitating the diagnosis of MASH., Conclusion: Our study comprehensively elucidated the relationship between MASH and efferocytosis, constructing a favorable diagnostic model. Furthermore, we identified potential therapeutic targets for MASH treatment and offered novel insights into unraveling the underlying mechanisms of this disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cao, Liu, Guo, Weng, Chen, Luo, Wang, Zhu, Liu and Peng.)

Symbiotic gut bacteria play crucial role in host health. Symbionts are widely distributed in arthropod intestines, but their ecological functions are poorly understood due to the inability to cultivate them. Members of Candidatus Bacilliplasma (CB) are widely distributed in crustacean intestine and maybe commensals with hosts, but the paucity of pure cultures has limited further insights into their physiologies and functions. Here, four strains of representative CB bacteria in shrimp intestine were successfully isolated and identified as members of a novel Order in the Phylum Mycoplasmatota . Through genome assembly, the circular genome maps of the four strains were obtained, and the number of coding genes ranged from 1,886 to 1,980. Genomic analysis suggested that the bacteria were missing genes for many critical pathways including the TCA cycle and biosynthesis pathways for amino acids and coenzyme factors. The analysis of 16S amplification data showed that Shewanella, Pseudomonas and CB were the dominant at the genera level in the intestine of Penaeus vannamei . Ecological functional experiments revealed that the strains were symbionts and colonized shrimp intestines. Our valued findings can greatly enhance our understanding and provides new insights into the potentially significant role of uncultured symbiotic bacteria in modulating host health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Chen, Zeng, Deng, Liu, Li, Hou, Zhou, Bao, Hou, Weng, He and Huang.)

The establishment of a convenient and efficient testing method is crucial and needed for the monitoring of diosmin. In this study, nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) with the particle size distribution of 2.5-5.7 nm and the average diameter of 4.1 nm were successfully synthesized using a simple strategy. N-CDs exhibited excellent and stable fluorescence performance with the quantum yield of 22.33%. Correspondingly, a fluorescence analytical method was developed for diosmin determination using N-CDs as probe. UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy and the evaluation of internal filtering parameters verified that the mechanism causing the quenching of N-CDs was an internal filtering effect (IFE). The concentration of diosmin can be directly evaluated based on the quenched fluorescence intensities. After optimizing experimental conditions, it was found that the fluorescence quenching efficiency ((F 0 -F)/F 0 ) of N-CDs exhibited a good linear relationship with the concentration of diosmin (C Diosmin ) in the range of 3.0-50 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.86 µg/mL based on 3σ/slope (n = 13). This method was successfully applied to accurately determine the content of diosmin in diosmin tablets and human plasma samples with good reproducibility. It stands out for its simplicity, speed, and acceptable determination performance., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple marker of systemic inflammation, is crucial in the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Its predictive value for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes remains unclear. We analyzed 3,780 CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018). Kaplan-Meier survival curves, weighted Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to assess the relationship between NLR and mortality risk. RCS revealed a U-shaped association between NLR and all-cause mortality, with an inflection point at 1.776. For NLR < 1.776, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased by 13% per unit increase in NLR (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). For NLR ≥ 1.776, the risk increased by 15% per unit increase (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10-1.26). A positive linear association was found between NLR and cardiovascular mortality, with a 17% increase in risk per unit increase in NLR (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10-1.25). No significant interactions were observed in stratified analyses. Our study revealed the U-shaped relationship between NLR and all-cause mortality, and a positive linear relationship with cardiovascular mortality in CVD patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) poses a significant threat to aquaculture sustainability, particularly affecting mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi ) and causing significant economic losses., Methods: To address this challenge, this study developed an ISKNV Δ orf037l vaccine strain, where the orf037l gene was knocked out. Infection assays conducted at 28 °C showed that the knocking out the orf037l gene decreased the virulence of ISKNV and reduced lethality against mandarin fish by 26.7% compared to wild-type ISKNV. To further diminish residual virulence, the effect of low-temperature (22 °C) immersion immunization was evaluated., Results: The results indicate that low temperature significantly diminished the virulence of the Δ orf037l vaccine strain, elevating the survival rate of mandarin fish to 90%. Furthermore, the vaccine strain effectively triggered the expression of crucial immune-related genes, such as IFN-h , IL-1 , IκB , Mx , TNF-α , and Viperin , while inducing the production of specific neutralizing antibodies. Low-temperature immersion with Δ orf037l achieved a high relative percentage of survival of 92.6% ( n = 30) in mandarin fish, suggesting the potential of Δ orf037l as a promising immersion vaccine candidate., Conclusions: These findings contribute to advancing fish immersion vaccine development and demonstrate the importance and broad applicability of temperature optimization strategies in vaccine development. Our work carries profound implications for both the theoretical understanding and practical application in aquaculture disease control.

Background: Catheter ablation has evolved as a safe treatment for atrial flutter (AFL) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and the recurrence of AFL may accelerate clinical decompensation. The aim of this study was to determine the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrent AFL in PH patients after ablation., Methods: All PH patients who underwent AFL ablation at Fuwai Hospital between May 2015 and December 2020 were followed up. The recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence were analyzed., Results: A total of 68 PH patients (mean age 44.0 ± 13.0 years, 36.8% male) were enrolled. The majority patients diagnosed PH had congenital heart disease-associated PH (63.2%), and 30.9% had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. At baseline, most patients (80.9%) had only cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-related AFL; the occurrence of non-CTI-related AFL among patients was 8.8%, and 10.3% of the patients had both types of AFL. During a median follow-up of 17.5 months, 22 patients developed at least one recurrent AFL episode (AFL-free survival: 76.5% at 1 year). The immediate success of ablation (HR 0.061, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.438; P = 0.005) and the right atrial volume index (RAVi, per 10 ml/m 2 ; HR 1.064, 95% CI 1.011 to 1.120; P = 0.018) were associated with long-term ablation outcomes in PH patients. With 166.64 ml/m 2 as a cutoff value, AFL-free survival was significantly greater in patients whose RAVi was < 166.64 ml/m 2 (log-rank P = 0.024)., Conclusion: The immediate success of ablation and the RAVi are associated with recurrent AFL. Patients with a RAVi ≥ 166.64 ml/m 2 are likely experience recurrence., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between inflammation-related indicators (IRIs) and telomere length (TL) in Chinese sanitation workers., Methods: This study adopted a case-control design, conducted from January to December 2022 in Shenzhen, a city in eastern China. A total of 80 sanitation workers, as well as 80 matched controls, were randomly recruited from the Luohu district of Shenzhen city in China. Their blood samples were collected and analyzed for the IRIs and TL in the Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases. The relationship between IRIs and TL was analyzed using multivariate linear regression, and their dose-response relationship was explored using restricted cubic spline analysis., Results: The systemic inflammatory index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly elevated in the sanitation workers in comparison to the controls. Moreover, the lymphocyte count (LYM), serum albumin concentration (ALB), and TL were found to be lower in the sanitation workers compared to the controls (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, LYM was negatively correlated with TL in the sanitation workers (β = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.57, -0.05), whereas no correlation was observed in the controls. Furthermore, ALB demonstrated a non-linear relationship with TL in sanitation workers., Conclusion: We found higher novel inflammatory markers (SII, PLR, and NLR) in the sanitation workers, and identified a correlation between LYM and ALB with shortened TL in them, providing new evidence for the effect of elevated inflammation on accelerated aging in Chinese sanitation workers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Gremlin 1 (GREM1) can regulate the development of many cancers. However, a few studies have revealed the role of GREM1 in bladder cancer (BC). To evaluate the expression and potential function of GREM1 in bladder cancer, we used R version 3.6.3 and related packages to analyze the data from common databases. Samples from our institution were assessed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), which was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (K20220830). GREM1 was highly expressed in BC tissues according to the TCGA and IHC data. Data from TCGA, GSE31684, GSE32894, and IHC showed that GREM1 has significant prognostic value for BC patients. GREM1 is involved in immune and metabolism-related pathways. According to the TIDE algorithm, 61.0% of patients with low GREM1 expression responded well to immunotherapy, compared to only 13.3% in the high GREM1 expression group. High GREM1 expression was associated with sensitivity to cisplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and vinblastine. Thus, GREM1 can predict prognosis and responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy in BC patients, making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The development of high-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) encounters significant challenges due to aggressive electrode chemistry. Recently, locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (LCILEs) have garnered attention for their exceptional stability with both Li anodes and high-voltage cathodes. However, there remains a limited understanding of how diluents in LCILEs affect the thermodynamic stability of the solvation structure and transportation dynamics of Li + ions. Herein, we propose a wide-temperature LCILEs with 1,3-dichloropropane (DCP13) diluent to construct a non-equilibrium solvation structure under external electric field, wherein the DCP13 diluent enters the Li + ion solvation sheath to enhance Li + ion transport and suppress oxidative side reactions at high-nickel cathode (LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 , NCM90). Consequently, a Li/NCM90 cell utilizing this LCILE achieves a high capacity retention of 94 % after 240 cycles at 4.3 V, also operates stably at high cut-off voltages from 4.4 V to 4.6 V and over a wide temperature range from -20 °C to 60 °C. Additionally, an Ah-level pouch cell with this LCILE simultaneously achieves high-energy-density and stable cycling, manifesting the practical feasibility. This work redefines the role of diluents in LCILEs, providing inspiration for electrolyte design in developing high-energy-density batteries., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)