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We have searched for anomalous events using 2520 h of archival observations from Murriyang, CSIRO's Parkes radio telescope. These observations were originally undertaken to search for pulsars. We used a machine learning algorithm based on resnet (Residual Network) and umap (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) in order to identify parts of the data stream that potentially contain anomalous signals. Many of these anomalous events are radio frequency interference, which were subsequently filtered using multibeam information. We detected 202 anomalous events and provide their positions and event times. Our results show that the umap unsupervised machine learning pipeline effectively identifies anomalous signals in high-time-resolution data sets, highlighting its potential for use in future surveys. However, the pipeline is not applicable for standard searches for dispersed single pulses. We classify the detected events and, in particular, we are currently unable to determine the possible origin of events that last multiple seconds. For these, we encourage follow-up observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated phenological shifts in autumn- and winter-spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Eastern English Channel and the Southern North Sea (Downs component), in relation to temperature and the availability of potential zooplanktonic prey (Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus helgolandicus, Temora longicornis). A two-tiered approach building on the monthly distribution of commercial herring landings was developed, which consisted of, (1) calculating the timing and duration of spawning season based on estimated deviations from basic harmonic signals and, (2) analysing their inter-annual variations in relation to biotic (zooplankton abundance) and abiotic (temperature) environmental variables through time series analyses. The start, midpoint and ending of herring spawning season were increasingly delayed over the period 1999-2021, a process which was correlated with the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus. The resulting duration of spawning season slightly decreased. Direct effects of sea temperatures on any phenological metrics could not be clearly evidenced. Different ecological processes were likely involved in the start and ending of spawning season. Additional covariates (including size/age composition, the biotic and abiotic factors other than those examined in our study) could contribute to a better explanation of the phenological drift in Downs herring spawning., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Marchal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Structural DNA nanotechnology enables the self-organization of matter at the nanometer scale, but approaches to expand the inorganic and electrical functionality of these scaffolds remain limited. Developments in nucleic acid metallics have enabled the incorporation of site-specific metal ions in DNA duplexes and provide a means of functionalizing the double helix with atomistic precision. Here a class of 2D DNA nanostructures that incorporate the cytosine-Ag + -cytosine (dC:Ag + :dC) base pair as a chemical trigger for self-assembly is described. It is demonstrated that Ag + -functionalized DNA can undergo programmable assembly into large arrays and rings, and can be further coassembled with guanine tetraplexes (G4). It is shown that 2D DNA lattices can be assembled with a variety of embedded nanowires at tunable spacing. These results serve as a foundation for further development of self-assembled, metalated DNA nanostructures, with potential for high-precision DNA nanoelectronics with nanometer pitch., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Successful teamwork is essential to ensure critical care air transport (CCAT) patients receive effective care. Despite the importance of team performance, current training methods rely on subjective performance assessments and do not evaluate performance at the team level. Researchers have developed the Team Dynamics Measurement System (TDMS) to provide real-time, objective measures of team coordination to assist trainers in providing CCAT aircrew with feedback to improve performance. The first iteration of TDMS relied exclusively on communication flow patterns (i.e., who was speaking and when) to identify instances of various communication types such as closed loop communication (CLC). The research presented in this paper significantly advances the TDMS project by incorporating natural language processing (NLP) to identify CLC. The addition of NLP to the existing TDMS resulted in greater accuracy and fewer false alarms in identifying instances of CLC compared to the previous flow-based implementation. We discuss ways in which these improvements will facilitate instructor feedback and support further refinement of the TDMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenols are a diverse group of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in plants that have attracted considerable interest due to their potential antiviral properties. Polyphenols primarily exert their antiviral effect by specifically targeting the viral replication. This review examines the role of polyphenols as potential antiviral agents with a focus on their structure, mechanism of action, and bioavailability. Different polyphenols, their origin, and documented effects on viral pathogens that impact the health of finfish are also discussed. The focus has been on the experimental studies conducted on the antiviral activity of polyphenols against fish viruses. Various studies on polyphenols such as such as flavanols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids have revealed their potential antiviral properties in aquaculture, whereas some polyphenolic compounds also exhibit anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies on polyphenolic compounds like coumarin and its derivatives have shown potential antiviral effect against OIE-reported fish viruses like IHNV, VHSV, and SVCV. However, there still remains a critical gap in understanding and exploring the long-term impact of polyphenols on fish health and their effectiveness as potent antiviral agents. Targeted research on these compounds will allow for the development of effective antiviral strategies in aquaculture. Thus, continuous exploration of these natural antiviral agents holds a great potential for enhancing the health status of fishes in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-tech whiteleg shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei) (intensive and superintensive) are rapidly developing. The rapid development is due to the increasing demand for world shrimp, the mastered cultivation technology, and the vast potential of land in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has even made various regulations to support increased sustainable shrimp production. However, the regulation is still sectoral and cannot be implemented by all stakeholders and investors in aquaculture. In addition, investors have not practiced several stages of activities to ensure environmental safety and the success of shrimp farming. As a result, production targets have not been achieved, and the threat of high potential waste is wasted on the aquatic environment. Therefore, a role model is needed to govern high-tech whiteleg shrimp pond development to ensure all shrimp production improvement system instruments can run well. Based on this, research has been conducted to create a role model for developing high-tech whiteleg shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei). The research used survey methods and group discussion forums (FGDs). The results showed that there are four main components that must exist and synergize in the role model of governance for the development of high-tech whiteleg shrimp ponds: land carrying capacity, cultivation facilities, pond management, and government regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main challenges in aquaculture is the constant search for sustainable alternative feed ingredients that can successfully replace fishmeal (FM) without any negative effects on fish growth and health. The goal of the present study was to develop a toolbox for rapidly anticipating the dynamics of fish growth following the introduction of a new feed; nonlethal, biochemical, and molecular markers that provide insights into physiological changes in the fish. A nutritional challenge by feeding a conventional feed rich in FM protein (FM diet) versus an experimental feed rich in plant protein (PP) and low FM inclusion (PP diet), in 20 different families of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was performed. Fifteen and 30 days after the initiation of the nutritional challenge, the transcriptional response of gilthead seabream erythrocytes along with classical hematological biochemical markers were compared. Zootechnical, biochemical, and transcriptome data from each family under different dietary treatments were combined into a classification model to identify variables that can predict the growth rate at the end of the 14‐month farming period (July 2018–September 2019). A highly accurate model was produced (A > 80%) based on the combination of seven markers (five molecular and two biochemical markers) and with high potential in separating faster and slower growing fish as early as 30 days after the initiation of feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding workforce training opportunities for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is a priority. We report on the impact of a 6-month-long team training program using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model to scale an interprofessional education (IPE) intervention to primary care teams who offered medications for OUD treatment as part of their care plan. Thirteen healthcare teams participated in the program's first cohort. We studied 52 participants' pre-post responses to seven scales that examined individual efficacy, team efficacy, high performance teamwork behaviors, adaptive teamwork behaviors, ability to treat patients in two case examples, and stigma and harm reduction. Significant improvements occurred on six scales. Large effect sizes were observed for individual efficacy (d = 0.78), team efficacy (d = 1.25), and team's ability to treat patients (d = 0.77, d = 0.83). Moderate effect sizes were observed for high performance teamwork behaviors (d = 0.69) and adaptive teamwork behaviors (d = 0.57). Only stigma and harm reduction did not show a change. The training program delivered an IPE-ECHO intervention that was effective at increasing the teams' perceptions of their efficacy, functioning, and ability to treat patients. Future researchers should use objective measures to verify the team's perceptions of their increased ability to work together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and demyelinating condition that causes movement problems due to a probable failure to differentiate oligodendrocyte precursor cells into myelinating oligodendrocytes., Aims: This work aims to evaluate the effect of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery in an animal model of multiple sclerosis., Methods: The adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups. The control mice were provided with a standard diet (CONT group). The chronically demyelinated (CPZ) group was fed a 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks. In the third group, mice received exosomes weekly for three weeks following chronic demyelination (Exo/CPZ group). The mice in the groups were tested weekly for mobility using a beam walking test (BWT), and their corpus callosum was studied histologically, immunohistochemically, and molecularly., Results: According to BWT results, hucMSC-Exos enhanced motor function in mice following cuprizone intoxication. Histological staining revealed a substantial increase in remyelination in the corpus callosum. Moreover, immunohistochemical tests revealed that hucMSC-Exos lowered the level of demyelination and improved glial response by lowering the number of microglia and astrocytes. In addition, hucMSC-Exos also upregulated the expression of genes associated with the oligodendrocyte lineage., Conclusions: hucMSC-Exos administration in the animal model of chronic MS leads to improved movement function, likely due to increased remyelination, modulation of inflammatory processes, and increased expression of genes related to the oligodendrocyte lineage. Therefore, using hucMSC-Exos seems to be a promising treatment strategy for demyelinating illnesses such as MS., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics Approval: The Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran, Iran, gave their approval (IR.MODARES.REC.1400.271). Under the committee’s direction and in compliance with the principles of animal laboratory standards, every procedure was carried out. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Consent to Participate: Not applicable. Conflict of Interest: The authors did not declare any possible conflict of interest., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Demyelination is a frequent yet crippling neurological disease associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The cuprizone (CZ) model, which causes demyelination through oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, is a popular tool used by researchers to examine this process. The polyphenol resveratrol (RESV) has become a promising neuroprotective agent in seeking for efficient therapies. In a rat model given CZ, we created and examined iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) loaded with RESV (IONP-RESV) to see how effective they were as a therapeutic agent against free RESV. According to molecular mechanisms, exposure to CZ resulted in a marked downregulation of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) expression and an overexpression of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and S100β, which are indicators of demyelination and neuroinflammation. It is remarkable that these CZ-induced alterations could be reversed by therapy with either RESV or IONP-RESV. Interestingly, IONP-RESV showed even stronger anti-inflammatory activity, as shown by a more noticeable downregulation of TNF-α and S100β expression. These results were confirmed by histopathological examination of the cerebral cortices. Our findings support the better neuroprotective benefits of RESV-loaded IONPs over free RESV in reducing demyelination and neuroinflammation brought on by CZ. Owing to their pro-remyelinating, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, RESV-loaded IONPs show promise as a neurotherapeutic intervention in the future for neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical Approval: The animal protocol followed the National Research Council’s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978), and the experiment was approved by the Ethical Committee of NRC, Egypt (Approval No. 19–313). Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Nickel (Ni) as a waterborne metal pollutant is widespread and harms fish health. In this study, the effects of fortifying diets with 0.1% Melaleuca alternifolia (MO) and 0.1% Ocimum basilicum (BO) essential oils on behaviors, neurotransmitters, liver and kidney functions, biochemical indices, and tissue histological features were studied in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Ni exposure conditions. A total of 240 fish (27.92 ± 0.22 g) were equally classified into six groups, each with four replicates of 10 fish. The control, MO, and BO groups were fed basal control, 0.1% MO, and 0.1% BO diets, respectively, and reared in Ni-free water. The Ni, Ni + MO, and Ni + BO groups were reared in Ni-medium at a concentration of 3.6 mg/L and fed the same feeding regime as the control, MO, and BO groups, respectively. Ni exposure induced behavioral alterations, including lowered foraging (coefficients of variation, CV = 2.73-14.29%), swimming (CV = 2.95-19.23%), mouth pushing (CV = 9.12-29.37%), spreading of the tail (CV = 3.13-17.32%), and approach (CV = 3.53-11.27%) patterns but increased surfacing (CV = 11.39-23.33%) and resting (CV = 7.14-25%) behaviors. Increased mortality (CV > 30%) and hepato-renal indicators were consequences of Ni exposure. The Ni exposure also depressed brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) (CV = 0.54-1.10), blood total protein (CV = 3.23-21.87%), albumin (CV = 1.62-13.47%), and globulin (CV = 1.91-24.72%). Histopathological changes were observed in the brain, gills, liver, kidney, and muscle, with detectable Ni residues in the muscle of Nile tilapia. Dietary supplementation with 0.1% MO and/or 0.1% BO significantly improved behavior patterns, blood proteins, and AChE levels under Ni exposure conditions. Hepato-renal indicators and the histology of the studied organs were enhanced, and the residual Ni level was reduced by feeding on the tested diets. Based on the current results, it was concluded that essential oils (0.1% BO and/or 0.1% MO) diets could mitigate the harmful effects caused by Ni exposure in Nile tilapia, which might enhance their future application as effective feed additive candidates in aquaculture., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: The study protocol was authorized by the Egyptian Laws on Animal Experimentation Committee (ZU-IACUC/2/F/164/2024). All experimental procedures were carried out following international guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

From the day we are born, the nervous system is subject to insult, disease and degeneration. Aberrant phosphorylation states in neurofilaments, the major intermediate filaments of the neuronal cytoskeleton, accompany and mediate many pathological processes in degenerative disease. Neuronal damage, degeneration and death can release these internal components to the extracellular space and eventually the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Sophisticated assay techniques are increasingly able to detect their presence and phosphorylation states at very low levels, increasing their utility as biomarkers and providing insights and differential diagnosis for the earliest stages of disease. Although a variety of studies focus on single or small clusters of neurofilament phosphorylated epitopes, this review offers a wider perspective of the phosphorylation landscape of the neurofilament heavy subunit, a major intermediate filament component in both ageing and disease., (© 2024 International Society for Neurochemistry.)