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Cymbopogon distans (Nees ex Steud.) Will. Watson (Poaceae) is a promising aromatic plant distributed in the Himalayas. In this study, five acyclic monoterpenoids, namely geranyl acetate (RS1), neral (RS2), geranial (RS3), citral (RS4) and geraniol (RS5) were isolated from the essential oil of C. distans . The isolated compounds were tested for in-vitro neuroinflammation inhibitory potential in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. RS1-RS4 exhibited significant neuroinflammation inhibition without any cytotoxic effect at the dose of 10 μM. RS4, the most active anti-neuroinflammatory compound (TNF-α 31.48 ± 1.00%; IL-6 24.02 ± 0.63%; IL-1β 42.15 ± 1.76%) was also able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that RS4 (an isomeric mixture of neral and geranial) has the potential to inhibit neuroinflammation and AChE, which are the biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders.

Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), a neural and immune related state that occur when cerebrospinal system's damaged by extensive swelling. Although manifestation is possible no matter the age, adolescents have a greater probability that adults. The purpose of present manuscript is to provide recent advancement and enhance knowledge of the disease., Method: The literature search on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment was carried out using the online database of Scifinder, Medline, Pubmed and GoogleScholar, Scopus etc. Result: Although the cause of ADEM remains unclear, it is believed to be caused by the inflammation in those with genetic sensitivity to an environmental stimulation. When people have altered levels of awareness or multifocal neurological abnormalities, ADEM is a possibility as a diagnosis. The diagnosis of ADEM is dependent on a combination of clinical, radiologic symptoms and the exclusion of illnesses that mimic ADEM; there is no one test that can establish the diagnosis. The inflammation in a child's brain and spinal cord is treated with medication. Prednisone will occasionally be given to youngsters for a brief amount of time., Conclusion: Most children with ADEM improve with high doses of methylprednisolone. Cyclophosphamide and hypothermia was need to individual. Most investigations show that 50%-75% of individuals completely recover between the first and sixth month of their condition., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Eugenol( 1 ), a terpenoid found in Ocimum, has various biological activities. The present study aims at extraction, isolation of the plant secondary metabolite eugenol ( 1 ), it's derivatisation and structure identification as bioactive molecules. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity ( in-vitro and in-vivo ), of a series of fourteen novel eugenol-based 1,2,3-triazole derivatives was done in the present study. Derivatives 5a - 5n showed good antimalarial activity against the strain Plasmodium falciparum NF 54 . Derivative 5 m , IC 50 at 2.85 µM was found to be several times better than its precursor 1 (106.82 µM) whereas the derivative 5n showed three fold better activity than compound 1 , in vitro . The structure-activity relationship of the synthesised compounds indicated that the presence of triazole ring in eugenol analogues is responsible for their good activity. Compound 5m , was further evaluated for in-vivo antimalarial activity which showed about 79% parasitemia suppression. It is the first report on antimalarial activity of triazole eugenol derivatives.

Breast cancer is a widespread condition that kills more women from cancer-related causes than any other type of cancer globally. Women who have estrogen-dependent, initial metastatic breast cancer frequently receive treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. They may also get more specialized treatments like tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole or letrozole). The World Health Organisation reported in 2012 that by 2030, breast cancer will be more common worldwide. There are several phytochemicals, such as isoflavones, coumestans, lignans, and prenylflavonoides. Isoflavones have been shown in studies to prevent the spread of breast cancer and to trigger apoptosis. Targeting BCs in metastatic breast cancer may be made possible by combining well-formulated phytochemicals in nanoparticles or other novel drug delivery agents with currently accepted endocrine and/or conventional chemotherapies. Cell signaling, regulation of cell cycles, oxidative stress action, and inflammation could be positively impacted by phytoconstituents. They have the ability to alter non-coding RNAs, to prevent the proliferation and regeneration of cancer cells. The availability of novel approaches helps in disease targeting, safety, effectiveness and efficacy. The current literature helps to know the available drugs i.e. phytoconstituents or novel drug delivery like nanoparticle, microsphere, micelles, liposomes and neosomes. The literature has been taken from PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, or other internet sites., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: The rising in diabetes incidents has clearly become one main worldwide health problem. Individuals suffering from diabetes are still more susceptible to many long-term and short-term side effects, which most often cause fatalities. Even though chemically synthesized anti-diabetic entities are capable of helping manage and treat, there has been significant risks related with their prolong and repetitive use. Hence, there is a requirement for safer and novel approaches that might be formed and utilized., Objective: Aim of the present review is to explain the naturally occurring phytochemicals and novel approach as anti-diabetic agents in the treatment of diabetes and its related issues., Method: A survey of Google scholar, Research Gate, Pubmed, Science Direct, NCBI database was carried out conducted to determine a most hopeful phytochemicals and novel drug delivery systems in the management of diabetes., Result: The study stressed the significance of phytomolecules and some novel approaches researched or reported in the literature for the management and cure of diabetes. It is suggested that changes in lifestyle can help patients and like nutritional support, assessment and lifestyle guidance must be individualized based on physical and functional capacity. Further evaluations and improved preventative medicine were the result of improving patient outcomes., Conclusion: Conventional or synthetic drugs provide relief for short time but nanoformulations of phytomolecules offer an improved therapeutic with fewer negative side effects. Herbal medicines are rich in phytoconstituents and possess variety of health benefits. This review is compilation of phytoconstituents and novel drug delivery system of phytomolecules i.e. nanoparticles, niosomes, microsphere, microparticle and others., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)