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In vitro tuberization in sweet potato is a potential means for germplasm exchange in sweet potatoes, though not exploited due to the lack of a reliable protocol. The initiation of in vitro cultures and in vitro tuberization in sweet potato is limited due to fungal contamination and poor response of cultures. In order to obtain aseptic cultures, the effect of season was studied in khariff, rabi and summer seasons, and effect of source of explants studied using explants from storage root sprouts vs. field grown plants. Two sterilants, sodium dichloroisocyanurate and mercuric chloride, were compared on explants from storage root sprouts. The effect of media concentration on plant growth parameters was studied using full and half-strength MS medium. Significant difference was obtained in the results. Summer season was found to be best for the collection of field explants, storage root sprouts were better to field explants and sodium dichloroisocyanurate was assessed as an effective sterilant in terms of low contamination and better survival percentage. A single-node culture gave rise to shoots with 23 nodes after 20 weeks on full-strength MS media, which could be used as source of aseptic explants for initiating in vitro tuberization without using sterilants, thus improving in vitro response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mung beans have been extensively studied for their health benefits, yet challenges persist in optimizing their use in functional foods and ensuring safety. This review highlights bioactive compounds in mung beans and their hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-anemic, antistress, anti-obesity, and anti-Alzheimer’s effects. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in January 2024 yielded 8,003 records, with 30 in vivo studies meeting inclusion criteria. Hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects were reported in 33% of studies, while antidiabetic effects were observed in 30%, and antihypertensive activity in 17%. The review also addresses food safety considerations, including anti-nutritional factors, processing methods like fermentation and hydrolysis, and risks such as allergenic responses or microbial contamination. However, current research faces limitations, including reliance on animal models, variability in preparation methods, and lack of standardization, hindering translation to human applications. To bridge these gaps, this review recommends future research on human clinical trials, standardized preparation protocols, and underexplored therapeutic areas like anti-Alzheimer and anti-anemic effects. By evaluating different parts of the mung bean (e.g. sprouts, extracts, proteins, and coats) and their preparation methods, this review aims to guide the development of safe, functional foods and nutraceuticals, linking preclinical findings to practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to study the nutritional, phytochemical and rheological properties of some composite flours based on wheat flour (WF) mixed with non-germinated (LF) and sprouted lentil flour (SLF), in order to fortify the wheat flour and to obtain functional bakery/pastry products. The composite flours based on wheat flour and bean lentil flour (BLWF) and sprouted lentil flour (SLWF) were analyzed from the point of view of proximate composition (proteins, lipids, total carbohydrates, and minerals), content of individual and total polyphenols (TPC), as well as the contents of macro and microelements. For use in baking/pastries, the composite flours were tested from the point of view of rheological behavior using the MIXOLAB system, and the profiles obtained were compared with those of bread and biscuit. The results indicated that fortifying wheat flour with lentil flour, both in non-germinated and sprouted forms, increased the protein by 0.6–35.2% and mineral content of the samples and decreased the lipids by 8.3–43.2% and the carbohydrates by 2.8–9.4%. The total polyphenol content (TPC) increased by fortifying the wheat flour with non-germinated and sprouted lentil flour, the increase being between 39.2–131.4%. Regarding individual polyphenols, nine polyphenols were determined, of which epicatechin (46.979 mg/kg) and quercetin (45.95 mg/kg) were identified in the highest concentration in the composite flours. The increase in micronutrient intake by fortifying wheat flour with black lentil flour in both germinated and ungerminated form is more significant compared to the increases recorded in the case of the main macronutrients (Ca, Na, Mg, and K). The micronutrients increased in the composite flours in the order: Cu < Zn < Fe < Mn. The MIXOLAB profile highlighted that black lentil flour, although having a higher absorption index than that recommended for biscuit production, would improve the stability of the dough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of sweet lupin (Lupinus luteus cv. Lord—LLL) and narrow-leaved bitter lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mirela—LAM) sprouts fermented by yeast, determined by deploying the updated analytical strategy based on three assays. The procedures covered electrochemical, spectrophotometric, and photochemiluminescence methods. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH⦁), and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assays against superoxide anion radicals were applied to hydrophilic (ACW) and lipophilic (ACL) fractions, and the data obtained were used to calculate the TAC after sequence extraction of the samples with 80% methanol followed by methanol/hexane (4:1; v/v). The total polyphenol content (TPC) in the hydrophilic fractions was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The fermentation of the LLL and LAM seeds had no impact on the antioxidant capacity of their H fractions, whereas it increased the content of their L fractions up to 56%. The germinated lupin seeds of both cultivars showed slightly increased TAC than the fermented ones. The TPC in the yeast-fermented sprouts was slightly higher compared to the LLL sprouts, about twofold higher than in the fermented LLL seeds, and finally almost fivefold higher compared to the LLL seeds. A beneficial effect of fermentation was found with respect to LAM materials. The TAC of the fermented LLL and LAM sprouts measured via CV and PCL assays was almost twofold higher and eight and six times higher, respectively, compared to the seeds. These findings clearly suggest that the seeds of yellow sweet lupin (Lupinus luteus cv. Lord) are the most suitable for producing fermented sprouts with a high content of electroactive polar compounds able to scavenge multiple free radicals of biological and non-biological origin. The updated analytical strategy for the determination of the total antioxidant capacity proved to be a viable tool for screening processed lupin seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazelnut is an important economic tree species. Too many sprout tillers seriously restrict the development of hazelnut industry. In this study, by spraying exogenous hormones or covering the soil, the effects of the treatments on the growth of hazelnut sprout tillers and the changes of sugar substances were explored. A flat-European hybrid hazelnut variety Kuixiang was used as the experimental material, and four treatments were set up in the experiment, namely spraying α -naphthylacetate sodium (N), covering soil+spraying clear water (M), covering soil+spraying sodium α -naphthylacetate (M+N), and spraying clear water as control (CK). Under the test period of 35 d, compared with CK treatment, N and M treatments effectively reduced the height and thickness of sprouting branches, the height decreased by 70.50% and 44.64%, and the thickness decreased by 48.71% and 2.58%, respectively. At the time of sprouting (10 th day after treatment), the contents of soluble sugar, fructose, and sucrose in sprouting branches treated with M+N decreased significantly, by 22.39%, 4.39% and 29.63% respectively. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and neutral invertase in sprouting branches treated with M+N decreased significantly, by 12.16%, 24.26% and 58.24% respectively. The activity of acid invertase treated with M+N increased significantly, by 49.93%. In conclusion, by covering soil+spraying sodium α-naphthylacetate, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and neutral invertase were reduced, the contents of soluble sugar, fructose, and sucrose were decreased, the process of sugar metabolism was effectively inhibited, and the growth of hazelnut sprout tillers was significantly inhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Phytohormones play a very important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. In order to explore the effects of different exogenous hormones on the sprout growth of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings after stumping, different concentrations of exogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) were sprayed on one-year-old P. yunnanensis seedlings as the research object. The experiment used a 3 × 3 regression design with two factors and three levels. The results showed that both IAA and 6-BA could promote the sprout emergence of P. yunnanensis. The sprout number of single 6-BA was higher than that of single IAA, but the effect of mixed spraying was better than that of single spraying. The optimal combination of hormones was IAA (150 mg·L−1) and 6-BA (200 mg·L−1). After hormone spraying, the average length of the sprouts of P. yunnanensis seedlings showed a trend of first fast and then slow increase over time. Therefore, spraying exogenous hormones IAA and 6-BA will have a certain effect on P. yunnanensis sprouts, and finding the appropriate hormone spraying concentration (IAA 150 mg·L−1 and 6-BA 200 mg·L−1) can maximize the sprout ability of P. yunnanensis seedlings and be more conducive to seedling sprout growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of sweet lupin (Lupinus luteus cv. Lord—LLL) and narrow-leaved bitter lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mirela—LAM) sprouts fermented by yeast, determined by deploying the updated analytical strategy based on three assays. The procedures covered electrochemical, spectrophotometric, and photochemiluminescence methods. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH⦁), and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assays against superoxide anion radicals were applied to hydrophilic (ACW) and lipophilic (ACL) fractions, and the data obtained were used to calculate the TAC after sequence extraction of the samples with 80% methanol followed by methanol/hexane (4:1; v/v). The total polyphenol content (TPC) in the hydrophilic fractions was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The fermentation of the LLL and LAM seeds had no impact on the antioxidant capacity of their H fractions, whereas it increased the content of their L fractions up to 56%. The germinated lupin seeds of both cultivars showed slightly increased TAC than the fermented ones. The TPC in the yeast-fermented sprouts was slightly higher compared to the LLL sprouts, about twofold higher than in the fermented LLL seeds, and finally almost fivefold higher compared to the LLL seeds. A beneficial effect of fermentation was found with respect to LAM materials. The TAC of the fermented LLL and LAM sprouts measured via CV and PCL assays was almost twofold higher and eight and six times higher, respectively, compared to the seeds. These findings clearly suggest that the seeds of yellow sweet lupin (Lupinus luteus cv. Lord) are the most suitable for producing fermented sprouts with a high content of electroactive polar compounds able to scavenge multiple free radicals of biological and non-biological origin. The updated analytical strategy for the determination of the total antioxidant capacity proved to be a viable tool for screening processed lupin seeds.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 28 soy-derived ingredients as used in cosmetic products. These ingredients are reported to primarily function as antioxidants, skin protectants, skin-conditioning agents, and hair-conditioning agents. The Panel considered the available data relating to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic formulations, and concluded that 24 of the 28 soy-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment. The Panel also concluded that the available data are insufficient to make a determination that Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Culture, Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Culture Extract, Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Extract, and Glycine Max (Soybean) Phytoplacenta Conditioned Media are safe under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we combined two distinct extraction and separation techniques with the aim of comprehensively collecting metabolite features in sprouts, particularly hydrophilic compounds. By synergistically analyzing the data using MS-DIAL and MetaboAnalystR, we obtained a greater number of annotated metabolites and explored differences in annotation across analytical tools. We found that this approach significantly increased the number of detected metabolite features and the final identification counts. Furthermore, we explored the functional component characteristics of four sprout types. This study provides data supporting the potential of sprouts as nutritious vegetables and functional food ingredients, emphasizing their value in the development of functional foods. • Explore the annotation differences between MS-DIAL and MetaboAnalystR for metabolomic data of sprouts • Integrate the metabolomics from methanol-C18 and water-HILIC to expand the coverage of features • The number of qualitative metabolites increased significantly with the comprehensive approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regeneration of plants endemic to remote mountain areas is thought to be relatively unimpacted by human disturbances but rather dominated by abiotic factors, such as geography, climate, and soil. However, because human disturbances are accelerating the extinction of montane plants and the loss of montane forest, this balance may be shifting. Yet, the relative effects of abiotic factors and human disturbances to montane plant regeneration are still largely unclear. Here, we investigated the geographic pattern of regeneration (ratio of seedling and ratio of sprout) and assessed the impacts of abiotic and anthropogenic factors for an endangered montane tree species (Davidia involucrata) across its distribution range in China. We found that the ratio of seedling increased from south to north, whereas the ratio of sprout exhibited an opposite pattern, indicating that under climate warming this species may adopt sprout regeneration as a potential strategy to buffer population contraction at the southern edge. Moreover, while climatic factors were the main drivers of regeneration, anthropogenic factors were also important. Of note, the proportion of pasture land area had a significant positive effect on sprouting, with more sprout regeneration at grazed sites and a higher ratio of sprout at sites with a greater intensity of human disturbance. Our findings suggested that, in addition to climate change, human disturbance is also an important driving factor of the regeneration of plants native to remote mountain areas, and we emphasized that researchers and policymakers should take it into account when protecting endangered plants and managing forest biodiversity. • From south to north, the ratio of seedling increased, while the ratio of sprout decreased. • While climatic factors were the main drivers of regeneration of montane plants, anthropogenic factors were also important. • The proportion of pasture land area had a significant positive effect on sprouting, with more sprout regeneration at grazed/disturbed sites. • This study provides empirical evidence that human disturbance plays an important role in the regeneration of montane plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of optical clearing and fluorescence observation as an imaging method shows promise for visualizing the microstructure inside foods, which is a key determinant of its quality. However, an efficient method of decolorization and degreasing during the sample-clearing step, which is essential for suppressing light scattering inside foods during fluorescence observation, remains unclear. In this study, by utilizing a simple yet effective high-throughput evaluation system, 22 different reagents that were prepared by varying the dilution concentration and mixing ratio of 10 different reagents were screened. As a result, new reagents which can effectively remove carotenoid pigments in durum-noodles, carotenoid pigments and chlorophyll in radish sprouts and spinach, and oil in deep-fried noodles were developed. The developed decolorizing reagent removed 98.5, 95.9, and 97.3 % of lutein from durum-noodles, radish sprouts, and spinach, respectively, and the developed degreasing reagent removed 99.6 % of oil from deep-fried noodles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that decolorization and degreasing to reduce light scattering can enable the acquisition of high-contrast microstructure images in the deeper part of foods using a versatile fluorescence microscope. • An effective high-throughput evaluation system for optical clearing was established. • The optical clearing step was mainly governed by the diffusion of clearing reagents. • New reagents that can efficiently remove light-scattering substances were identified. • The decoloring and degreasing of food could significantly reduce light scattering. • High transparency of food enabled a high-contrast microstructure imaging inside food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common buckwheat sprouts are known to be a functional food, but thermal processing can cause changes in the composition of final products made using those sprouts. This study's aim was to compare changes in the contents of selected flavonoids during fortification of pasta and cookies with flour from buckwheat sprouts or microgreens and to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the flavonoid contents. The pasta was prepared with 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% proportions of sprout flour or with 10% of flour from microgreens. Mixtures of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% buckwheat flour from sprouts with wheat flour were used for cookie production. The contents of orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and rutin were determined by HPLC. The contents of isovitexin, homoorientin, vitexin, rutin, and orientin in cookies and pasta increased linearly with larger proportions of sprouts. Baking at 160 °C for 15 min significantly reduced contents of the determined flavonoids in cookies containing sprout flour (retention factor 64–74%). When pasta was dried for 6 h in a hot-air oven at a maximum 90 °C and then cooked for 10 min, there was no significant decrease in flavonoids. Lowest retention was found for rutin content. [Display omitted] • Buckwheat sprouts are rich in orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and rutin. • Pasta and cookies can be enriched using buckwheat sprouts. • Baking at 160 °C for 15 min significantly reduced flavonoids content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is imperative to enhance the quality of sprouts since they are a rich source of various primary and secondary metabolites. The objective of this work was to examine how multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) priming at various concentrations affected the nutritional qualities of four horticultural plants (T. foenum-graecum, L. grandiflorum, L. sativum and A. graveolens) and their sprouting processes., Results: Among the four applied concentrations (10-60 mgL -1 ), MWCNTs at 10 and 40 mg L⁻¹ induced the highest biomass accumulation in L. grandiflorum and T. foenum-graecum, respectively, while 60 mg L⁻¹ was most effective for L. sativum and A. graveolent. MWCNTs induced growth by enhancing photosynthesis, as shown by increased chlorophyll content and rubisco activity, which rose by 27%, 17%, 23% and 12% in T. foenum-graecum, L. grandiflorum, L. sativum, and A. graveolens, respectively. Enhanced photosynthesis by MWCNTs improved sugar metabolism as indicated by increased activity of sugar metabolic enzymes such as amylase, starch synthase and invertase. This also supplied the carbon necessary for the production of primary (amino acids, fatty acids and organic acids) and secondary (flavonoids and polyphenols) metabolites. There was consistently higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase). Interestingly, species-specific reactions to MWCNT priming were observed, where L. sativum sprouts showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by A. graveolens., Conclusion: MWCNT priming improves sprout growth and nutritional quality by boosting metabolic processes and antioxidant activity, presenting a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)