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Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo en sociedades supuestamente post-raciales, como México y Colombia, el racismo prevalece en las experiencias de vida de personas afrodescendientes. Para analizar este fenómeno, retomamos la categoría de Patricia Hill Collins: “racismo daltónico”; a través de ésta es posible pensar en la producción y reproducción de prácticas racistas en países que, mediante la ideología del mestizaje, formularon políticas multiculturales que invisibilizaron el racismo y, con ello, la experiencia de poblaciones racializadas. En este sentido, el racismo no es estático, sino un sistema de poder contextual que se transforma a partir de las fuerzas sociales y políticas que le dan sentido a las realidades sociales.

Abstract Background The deteriorating mental health of children and young people in the United Kingdom poses a challenge that services and policy makers have found difficult to tackle. Kailo responds to this issue with a community-based participatory and systemically informed strategy, perceiving mental health and well-being as a dynamic state shaped by the interplay of broader health determinants. The initiative works to explore, define and implement locally relevant solutions to challenges shaping the mental health and well-being of young people. Kailo unfolds in three stages within each locale. These stages encompass: “early discovery”, “deeper discovery and co-design” and “implementation”. This document delves into the participatory group model building and design protocol occurring in the “deeper discovery and co-design” stage of the project. Methods Participatory methods, such as group model building, are effective in articulating and building consensus on complex issues like the social determinants of adolescent mental health. This paper describes the protocol for application of group model building within the Kailo design process to develop causal loop diagrams and pinpoint leverage points for improving adolescent mental health. It also suggests a method for considering modifications to delivery within a unique project context and in alignment with participants’ needs. This paper sets out to define the approach and clarify the objectives these engagements aim to fulfil. The method adapts existing group model building (GMB) protocols for use in a community setting. The engagements will involve groups of local young people and existing community members. To assess the success of the session’s implementation post-delivery, the study utilizes existing frameworks for fidelity evaluations, which define a core and flex model. Discussion The method described enables an integration of diverse local understandings of complex processes which provides a platform for creating co-designed interventions. This protocol can be used to further strengthen research and design through incorporating complexity and participation into the formulation of contextually relevant policies and practices. The strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed.

Child abuse manifests in various forms within families and has a profound impact on children’s psychological development. This study examines parenting styles to identify patterns that foster healthy psychological development and those that may lead to child abuse. To achieve this, a conceptual review of the issue was conducted, drawing on data from previous research to bridge the reality of child abuse with relevant concepts and theoretical framework. Our analysis revealed that parenting habits play a critical role in shaping children’s social skills, academic performance, and their capacity to build healthy relationships. Authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles may cause emotional and behavioral problems, whereas democratic parenting styles support comprehensive development, resilience, and a reduction in child abuse rates. The findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy parenting habits to reduce child abuse, enhance children's psychological well-being, and improve their quality of life.

Purpose Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with sleep disturbances. We evaluated the effectiveness of pediatric prolonged-release melatonin (PedPRM) in real clinical practice, focusing on a population of complex neuropediatric patients with highly refractory insomnia in Spain. Methods The patients were aged 2 to 18 years, diagnosed with ASD, had sleep maintenance insomnia and/or early morning awakening insomnia, and were refractory to prior therapy. The starting dose of PedPRM was 2 or 5 mg (increased to 10 mg, if necessary). Evaluation at 6 months consisted of a sleep diary, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale of Improvement (CGI-I) and Severity (CGI-S). Results The median age of the 23 patients was 11.0 years, 56.5% were male, 73.9% had epilepsy, and 78.3% had intellectual disability. One patient discontinued treatment. The mean total sleep time did not change significantly. PedPRM improved sleep latency (median 30.0 to 15.0 minutes; P=0.001) and reduced the number of nocturnal awakenings (median 3.00 to 1.0; P

Abstract Large-scale surveillance and informed vector control approaches are urgently needed to ensure that national malaria programs remain effective in reducing transmission and, ultimately, achieving malaria elimination targets. In South America, Anopheles darlingi is the primary malaria vector and is responsible for the majority of Plasmodium species transmission. However, little is known about the molecular markers associated with insecticide resistance in this species. In this study, we developed a low-cost, high throughput amplicon sequencing (“amp-seq”) panel, consisting of 11 amplicons targeting genes linked to mosquito species identification (cox-1 and its2) and insecticide resistance (ace-1, GSTe2, vgsc and rdl). When used in tandem with dual-index barcoding of amplicons, this approach permits high numbers of loci and samples to be sequenced in single runs, thereby decreasing costs and increasing efficiency. By screening 200 An. darlingi mosquitoes collected in Brazil, our amp-seq approach identified 10 point mutations leading to amino acid changes in ace-1 (V243I, N294H, S673N, S674N/T) and GSTe2 genes (I114V, D128E, T166I, T179I, and T205A). Overall, our work has demonstrated the utility of amp-seq to provide insights into the genetic diversity of An. darlingi mosquitoes. The amp-seq approach can be applied as a wide-scale insecticide-resistance surveillance technique to better inform vector-control methods.

André SA Furtado,1,* Manuel HS Cunha,1,* Luciana MR Sousa,1 Guilherme C Brito,1 Thiago FCL Verde,1 Livia Alves Filgueiras,2 Leonardo A Sobral-Silva,3 Moisés V Santana,1 Gustavo F Sousa,1 Francisco EP Santos,4 Anderson N Mendes,2 José Figueredo-Silva,5 Antônio LM Maia Filho,5 Fernanda R Marciano,1,4 Luana MR Vasconcellos,3 Anderson O Lobo1 1Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program (PPGCM), Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Innovation in Science and Technology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; 3Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 4Department of Physics, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil; 5Biotechnology Research Center - State University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Anderson O Lobo, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil, Email lobo@ufpi.edu.brBackground: The 3D printing of macro- and mesoporous biomimetic grafts composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) infused with nanosized synthetic smectic clay is a promising innovation in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE). The main challenge lies in achieving a uniform distribution of nanoceramics across low to high concentrations within the polymer matrix while preserving mechanical properties and biological performance essential for successful osseointegration.Methods: This study utilized 3D printing to fabricate PCL scaffolds enriched with nanosized synthetic smectic clay (LAP) to evaluate its effects on structural, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and degradative properties, with a focus on in vitro biological performance and non-toxicity. Scaffolds were created with varying proportions of PCL and LAP. Comprehensive characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical testing, swelling analysis, and degradation studies. Biological performance was assessed through MTT assays (cell viability), alkaline phosphatase activity, histological analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, highlighting the scaffolds’ biocompatibility and potential applications in regenerative medicine.Results: The developed inks demonstrated excellent injectability, and the 3D-printed PCL/LAP scaffolds exhibited a microporous and rough structure, good structural fidelity, low degradability, thermal stability, and sufficient mechanical strength across all formulations. Intrinsic properties of the scaffolds revealed no cytotoxicity while enhancing bioactivity and promoting in vitro mineralization when cultured with mesenchymal stem cells in all analyzed groups. Notably, the high concentration of LAP within the PCL matrices did not induce in vitro cytotoxicity but rather stimulated in vitro mineralization and differentiation.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of 3D printing PCL/LAP scaffolds with high concentrations of nanoceramics. Both in vitro and in vivo assays validated the regenerative potential of these scaffolds, emphasizing their efficacy as a promising approach for developing advanced biomimetic grafts.Keywords: grafting, polycaprolactone, bone tissue regeneration, synthetic smectic clay

This work presents a $2\times $ time-interleaved (TI) delta-sigma modulator (DSM) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) leveraging a 6-b noise-coupled (NC) noise-shaping (NS) SAR quantizer. A novel technique to implement the noise coupling mid-quantization is presented to relax the timing bottleneck by parallelizing the operations needed for coupling. The loop filter is implemented using power-efficient, no hold-phase ring amplifiers, with an input capacitor reset presampling to reduce kickback noise in the input network. The complete ADC clocks at a sampling rate of 1.4 GS/s, which is one of the highest among all discrete-time (DT) DSM ADCs and TI NS ADCs to date, and achieves 67/72-dB SNDR/SNR over a 70-MHz bandwidth while consuming 32 mW.

O artigo apresenta parte da investigação em desenvolvimento sobre a organização política de assistentes sociais no Brasil, analisando as determinações particulares que favoreceram a virada crítica do Serviço Social e a construção do chamado Projeto ético-político-profissional. O argumento central considera que este resulta em grande parte do processo organizativo da categoria na disputa pela direção ético-política das organizações profissionais. Os anos 1960-1970 se evidenciam como uma singular marca do processo histórico da profissão e do envolvimento de assistentes sociais no Brasil no âmbito das relações internacionais. A exposição explicita o rico processo histórico que permitiu a construção de hegemonia e de conquistas para a profissão, na relação com a sociedade. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica da literatura existente e de documentos da área.

Abstract Tumors of unknown origin (TUO) generally result in poor patient survival and are clinically difficult to address. Identification of the site of origin in TUO patients is paramount to their improved treatment and survival but is difficult to obtain with current methods. Here, we develop a random forest machine learning TUO methylation classifier using a large number of primary and metastatic tumor samples. Our classifier achieves high accuracy in primary site identification when applied to both publicly available and internal validation samples, with 97% of samples classified correctly and 85% receiving high probability scores (≥0.9). Moreover, by employing pathologist expertise and t-SNE visualization, the TUO classifier can assign samples to 46 different sites of origin/disease classes. This strategy also revealed multiple classes of yet unknown significance for future exploration. Overall, the presented TUO classifier represents a significant step forward in the diagnosis of TUO tumors.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil led to the suspension of face-to-face classes. However, the importance of continuing this activity made it necessary to return to these activities. This study assessed COVID-19 cases at a university in Brazil before and after the return to face-to-face classes. Methods: This study evaluated the positivity rate of COVID-19 cases through antigen testing over two years (April 2021–23) in a group of students and university staff in northeastern Brazil. Results: We found that of the 2,635 tests performed, 711 (27.0 %) had a detectable result throughout the period. We found no differences between the viral presence and age group, presence of symptoms, or position at universities (students or staff). Males had a greater tendency to present a detectable result compared to women. January, February, and July, 2022 show an increase in detected cases compared to other months. This result follows the national increase in cases caused by the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and its subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) circulating in Brazil in these months. Conclusions: Our study makes it possible to monitor active cases of COVID-19 at a time when new variants are emerging and classes are resuming, contributing to the safety of the academic community and minimizing the viral impact on the return to classes in the institution.

Abstract BackgroundShared decision-making (SDM) is a crucial aspect of patient-centered care. While several SDM training programs for health care professionals have been developed, evaluation of their effectiveness is scarce, especially in mental health disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the feasibility and impact of a brief training program on the attitudes toward SDM among primary care professionals who attend to patients with generalized anxiety disorder. MethodsA feasibility randomized controlled trial was conducted. Health care professionals recruited in primary care centers were randomized to an intervention group (training program) or a control group (waiting list). The intervention consisted of 2 web-based sessions applied by 2 psychologists (VR and YA), based on the integrated elements of the patient-centered care model and including group dynamics and video viewing. The outcome variable was the Leeds Attitudes Towards Concordance scale, second version (LATCon II), assessed at baseline and after the second session (3 months). After the randomized controlled trial phase, the control group also received the intervention and was assessed again. ResultsAmong 28 randomized participants, 5 withdrew before the baseline assessment. The intervention significantly increased their scores compared with the control group in the total scale (b; PbPbP ConclusionsFor a future effectiveness trial, it is necessary to improve the recruitment and retention strategies. The program produced a significant improvement in participants’ attitude toward the SDM model, but due to this study’s limitations, mainly the small sample size, more research is warranted.

Background The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are central human molecules in the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction. Evidence indicates that ACE1 may influence ACE2 expression. This study aims to determine whether ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression levels, along with the ACE1 Alu 287 bp polymorphism (rs4646994), contribute to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods Swabs were collected in two Brazilian cities in 2020: Belo Horizonte (n = 134) and Rio de Janeiro (n = 41). A swab of mild patients in Rio de Janeiro who were not hospitalized (n = 172) was also collected. All analyzed biological material was obtained from residual diagnostic samples in 2020, prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. ACE1, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and B2M (reference gene) expression levels were evaluated in 40 cycles of quantitative PCR. ACE1 Alu 287 bp polymorphism was genotyped using the FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master kit. Results The median age differed between clinical sites (p = 0.016), but no difference in median days of hospitalization was observed (p = 0.329). Age was associated with severity (p = 0.014) and mortality (p = 0.014) in the Belo Horizonte cohort. No alteration in ACE1, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was associated with severity or mortality. ACE1 polymorphism rs4646994 did not influence the likelihood of either outcome. A meta-analysis including available data from the literature showed significant effects: the D-allele conferred risk (OR = 1.39; 95% CI [1.12–1.72]).

El liderazgo es uno de los factores más influyentes en una organización, su papel en la gestión de recursos humanos es esencial, resultando en aspectos positivos como mejor desempeño, compromiso afectivo y satisfacción, mientras que también pueden ocurrir aspectos negativos como consecuencia del tipo de liderazgo existente. Esta revisión pretende identificar los tipos de liderazgo destacados en la literatura, sus características y sus impactos/resultados en las organizaciones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en la base de datos Web of Science (WoS). Como resultado se obtuvieron 48 artículos, 16 de los cuales cumplían los criterios de inclusión y se presentaron de acuerdo con las directrices Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Estos artículos fueron revisados y sintetizados en la categoría "Tipos de liderazgo", que abarca subtemas según cada tipo de liderazgo identificado. Se identificaron 18 tipos de liderazgo, a saber: Ético; Servicial; Transformacional; Auténtico; Intercambio Líder-Miembro (LMX)/Relacional; Compartido/Distribuido; Participativo o Inclusivo; Paternalista (benevolente, moral y autoritario); Abusivo/Supercontrolador; Narcisista; Empoderador; Transaccional; Laissez-Faire; Carismático; Directivo/Autocrático; Promotor de la Salud; Situacional/Flexible/Adaptativo; y Mejora Continua de la Calidad. No existe un tipo de liderazgo universalmente correcto, los líderes deben adaptar su enfoque a las necesidades y valores de los trabajadores, buscando la alineación entre los valores individuales y los de la organización.

A utilização de tecnologias digitais na prática do professor de Matemática pode promover a aprendizagem, a partir da experimentação matemática, bem como favorecer uma atitude ativa do estudante no processo de aprendizagem. Porém, para que as tecnologias digitais façam parte efetivamente da prática docente é preciso que professores vivenciem experiências de ensino e aprendizagem com esses recursos em sua formação. Assim, essa pesquisa propôs investigar como licenciandos em Matemática têm vivenciado em sua formação a prática com tecnologias digitais no ensino e na aprendizagem de Matemática. A fundamentação teórica está no constructo teórico seres-humanos-com-mídias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa cujo procedimento realizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Os participantes foram vinte estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. O referencial analítico foi a Análise de Conteúdo. Da codificação emergente dos dados resultaram cinco categorias que representam as concepções dos entrevistados sobre a formação para o ensino com tecnologias digitais no referido curso de licenciatura, a saber: Visualização matemática e domesticação das mídias; Ausência das tecnologias na Educação Básica; Experimentação com tecnologias; Tecnologias digitais salvando o ensino de Matemática; e Reformulação do currículo e a formação continuada. Conclui-se que falta aos discentes a percepção de que as tecnologias condicionam a construção de conhecimento e possuem potencialidades que vão além do fator de motivação. Entre as sugestões dos participantes para um curso de licenciatura que prepare para o ensino com tecnologias digitais, estão a atenção para o currículo e a atualização dos professores formadores.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluation of epidemiological data on Idiopathic Scoliosis in patients with different pectus subtypes. Methods: A medical record analysis of 418 patients with pectus, associated with idiopathic scoliosis above 10°, with research on: subtypes of pectus (Lateral Pectus Carinatum, Inferior Pectus Carinatum, Superior Pectus Carinatum, Broad Pectus Excavatum, and Localized Pectus Excavatum), and characteristics of the scoliotic curve (Cobb angle, laterality, and location). Results: The mean age was 14.6 years (22° mean Cobb, 52% females and 48% males). The most frequent kind of pectus was Inferior Pectus Carinatum (28%). The left-convex thoracolumbar type was the most frequent. Scoliosis was more severe in thoracic location and females. The main type was LPC (p < 0.05) in those with severe scoliosis. BPE was more present in men (68%), and LPC and SPC in women (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the pectus type and the side or location of the scoliosis curve. Conclusion: Depending on the subtype of pectus, the scoliotic curve presents distinct epidemiology and characteristics. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series – study prognostic.

Abstract Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been evolving since 1978, with the number of techniques performed increasing over the years. Despite continued advances, some couples continue to have difficulties getting pregnant, and it has recently been considered that the microbiome of the female genital tract (FGT) may influence embryo implantation and the establishment of pregnancy. This review aims to evaluate the role of probiotics on reproductive outcomes in infertile women on ART. A search throughout medical databases was performed, and six articles met the criteria. Five studies showed improvements in pregnancy rates, with only one demonstrating statistical significance. One article showed no improvement but reported a statistically significant reduction in the miscarriage rate in the probiotic group. Further research is needed to evaluate the true potential of probiotics, namely to assess whether they effectively modulate the FGT microbiome and if these changes are maintained over time.