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We present a data-driven, in situ proximal multi-sensor digital soil mapping approach to develop digital twins for multiple agricultural fields. A novel Digital Soil Core TM (DSC) Probe was engineered that contains seven sensors, each of a distinct modality, including sleeve friction, tip force, dielectric permittivity, electrical resistivity, soil imagery, acoustics, and visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. The DSC System integrates the DSC Probe, DSC software (v2023.10), and deployment equipment components to sense soil characteristics at a high vertical spatial resolution (mm scale) along in situ soil profiles up to a depth of 120 cm in about 60 s. The DSC Probe in situ proximal data are harmonized into a data cube providing vertical high-density knowledge associated with physical-chemical-biological soil conditions. In contrast, conventional ex situ soil samples derived from soil cores, soil pits, or surface samples analyzed using laboratory and other methods are bound by a substantially coarser spatial resolution and multiple compounding errors. Our objective was to investigate the effects of the mismatched scale between high-resolution in situ proximal sensor data and coarser-resolution ex situ soil laboratory measurements to develop soil prediction models. Our study was conducted in central California soil in almond orchards. We collected DSC sensor data and spatially co-located soil cores that were sliced into narrow layers for laboratory-based soil measurements. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) cross-validation was used to compare the results of testing four data integration methods. Method A reduced the high-resolution sensor data to discrete values paired with layer-based soil laboratory measurements. Method B used stochastic distributions of sensor data paired with layer-based soil laboratory measurements. Method C allocated the same soil analytical data to each one of the high-resolution multi-sensor data within a soil layer. Method D linked the high-density multi-sensor soil data directly to crop responses (crop performance and behavior metrics), bypassing costly laboratory soil analysis. Overall, the soil models derived from Method C outperformed Methods A and B. Soil predictions derived using Method D were the most cost-effective for directly assessing soil-crop relationships, making this method well suited for industrial-scale precision agriculture applications.

Background: Passengers on long-haul flights frequently consume alcohol. Inflight sleep exacerbates the fall in blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) caused by the decreased oxygen partial pressure in the cabin. We investigated the combined influence of alcohol and hypobaric hypoxia on sleep, SpO 2 and heart rate., Methods: Two groups of healthy individuals spent either two nights with a 4-hour sleep opportunity (00:00-04:00 hours) in the sleep laboratory (n=23; 53 m above sea level) or in the altitude chamber (n=17; 753 hPa corresponding to 2438 m above sea level, hypobaric condition). Participants consumed alcohol before one of the nights (mean±SE blood alcohol concentration 0.043±0.003%). The order of the nights was counterbalanced. Two 8-hour recovery nights (23:00-07:00 hours) were scheduled between conditions. Polysomnography, SpO 2 and heart rate were recorded., Results: The combined exposure to alcohol and hypobaric condition decreased SpO 2 to a median (25th/75th percentile) of 85.32% (82.86/85.93) and increased heart rate to a median (25th/75th percentile) of 87.73 bpm (85.89/93.86) during sleep compared with 88.07% (86.50/88.49) and 72.90 bpm (70.90/78.17), respectively, in the non-alcohol hypobaric condition, 94.97% (94.59/95.33) and 76.97 bpm (65.17/79.52), respectively, in the alcohol condition and 95.88% (95.72/96.36) and 63.74 bpm (55.55/70.98), respectively, in the non-alcohol condition of the sleep laboratory group (all p<0.0001). Under the combined exposure SpO 2 was 201.18 min (188.08/214.42) below the clinical hypoxia threshold of 90% SpO 2 compared with 173.28 min (133.25/199.03) in the hypobaric condition and 0 min (0/0) in both sleep laboratory conditions. Deep sleep (N3) was reduced to 46.50 min (39.00/57.00) under the combined exposure compared with both sleep laboratory conditions (alcohol: 84.00 min (62.25/92.75); non-alcohol: 67.50 min (58.50/87.75); both p<0.003)., Conclusions: The combination of alcohol and inflight hypobaric hypoxia reduced sleep quality, challenged the cardiovascular system and led to extended duration of hypoxaemia (SpO 2 <90%)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Occupational therapy in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) can enhance residents' occupational engagement and wellbeing. However, industry reports suggest that occupational therapists in Australian RACFs have mostly provided physical therapies such as pain management via massage and not addressed residents' occupations. There is limited literature on what constitutes occupational therapists' practice in RACFs to inform policy and practice. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to explore practice patterns of occupational therapists working in Australian RACFs and influences on their practice., Methods: Occupational therapists working in Australian RACFs were invited from July 2019 to March 2020 to complete a self-report online questionnaire via email and advertisements on industry websites, newsletters, and social media. The questionnaire asked therapists about their caseload, referrals, assessments, and interventions. Data were analysed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages., Results: A total of 214 occupational therapists completed the survey. Occupational therapists' daily practice largely focussed on pain management; other areas of practice included falls prevention, pressure care, and mobility. The Aged Care Funding Instrument in place at the time of the survey was identified as the leading factor influencing therapists' choice of assessments and interventions. Organisational policies and procedures were also perceived as key factors influencing occupational therapy practice., Conclusion: This paper highlights the influence of government funding and organisational policies in limiting occupational therapists' scope of practice and their ability to fully address the occupational needs of residents. Occupational therapists and the profession in general should be aware of factors in aged care funding models, and their application, that restrict occupational therapy practice and inhibit residents' function and advocate for change where needed. With the introduction of the Australian National Aged Care Classification funding model replacing Aged Care Funding Instrument, future research should explore potential changes to therapists practice following the implementation of the new funding model., (© 2024 The Authors. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Occupational Therapy Australia.)

Food waste is a serious worldwide issue that has an impact on the environment, society, and economy. This comprehensive review provides a detailed description of methods and approaches for reducing food waste, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive strategies to tackle its intricate relationship with environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic prosperity. By scrutinizing the extent and impact of food waste, from initial production stages to final disposal, this comprehensive review underlines the urgent need for integrated solutions that include technological advancements, behavioral interventions, regulatory frameworks, and collaborative endeavors. Environmental assessments highlight the significant contribution of food waste to greenhouse gas emissions, land degradation, water scarcity, and energy inefficiency, thereby emphasizing the importance of curtailing its environmental impact. Concurrently, the social and economic consequences of food waste, such as food insecurity, economic losses, and disparities in food access, underscore the imperative for coordinated action across multiple sectors. Food waste can also be effectively reduced by various innovative approaches, such as technological waste reduction solutions, supply chain optimization strategies, consumer behavior-focused initiatives, and waste recovery and recycling techniques. Furthermore, in order to foster an environment that encourages the reduction of food waste and facilitates the transition to a circular economy, legislative changes and regulatory actions are essential. By embracing these multifaceted strategies and approaches, stakeholders can unite to confront the global food waste crisis, thereby fostering resilience, sustainability, and social equity within our food systems., (© 2024 Institute of Food Technologists®.)

Where we work—our workplaces—have enormous effects on our work attitudes and behaviors. As workplaces become increasingly mobile, remote, multiple, and uncoupled from the organization for which the work is done, individuals—and their employers—struggle with the question, "How does this place affect me and what I do?" We need new theoretical insights into how workplaces shape our experience of work and important outcomes such as well-being, boundary management, and territoriality. To do so, we describe the phenomenology of how our workplaces become deeply intertwined with our sense of self at work, particularly in the modern context. Our model explains how the functional, social, aesthetic, and temporal dimensions of the workplace, and the holistic and immersive experiences that result, affect workplace identification via sensemaking processes, and the outcomes that result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Simulation-based education (SBE) is crucial to prepare nursing students prior to their clinical learning experience. Theory-based simulation learning is increasingly important for analysing how students learn. This study describes and analyses how nursing students learn through simulation in the context of palliative care communication under a socio-material approach and explores the transfer of their knowledge and skills from simulation to clinical practice., Methods: Twenty-seven final-year nursing students in six groups participated in two simulated scenarios, followed by a debriefing and post-clinical focus groups to capture their reflections and learning. Fourteen of them joined the post-clinical focus groups after completing their clinical placements. Video recordings of the simulation, and the audio recordings from the debriefing, and post-clinical focus groups were transcribed and coded based on the human and non-human elements that were observed. These were triangulated with data collected through team participant observations, an analysis of the existing syllabi and curriculum, and a participant mapping exercise after the simulation. These various data sources illustrate how student learning and reflections took place., Results: The three themes of student learning derived from the results and analysis were (1) students' expanded learning of health care communication through a socio-material approach in the context of palliative care; 2) students' discovery of the diverse and complex relations and interactions between humans and materials and (3) students' new perspectives on health care communication and the transfer of knowledge and skills through a socio-material approach in clinical practice., Conclusions: This study highlights how SBE can be further expanded using a socio-material approach to prepare students to learn beyond standardised and cognitively driven approaches and procedures. Student learning demonstrates that SBE may develop beyond high fidelity and standardisation to leave room for emergent learning and increased awareness in learning for students and teachers to optimise learning outcomes and competence., (© 2023 Association for the Study of Medical Education and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Herein, we explore the holistic integration of magnetite-based photocatalysts and techno-economic analysis (TEA) as a sustainable approach in wastewater treatment aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While considerable attention has been devoted to photocatalytic dye degradation, the nexus between these processes and techno-economic considerations remains relatively unexplored. The review comprehensively examines the fundamental characteristics of magnetite-based photocatalysts, encompassing synthesis methods, composition, and unique properties. It investigates their efficacy in photocatalytic degradation, addressing homogeneous and heterogeneous aspects while discussing strategies to optimize photodegradation efficiency, including curbing electron-hole recombination and mitigating scavenging effects and interference by ions and humic acid. Moreover, the management aspects of magnetite-based photocatalysts are examined, focusing on their reusability and regeneration post-dye removal, along with the potential for reusing treated wastewater in relevant industrial applications. From a techno-economic perspective, the study evaluates the financial feasibility of deploying magnetite-based photocatalysts in wastewater treatment, correlating reduced pollution and the marketing of treated water with social, economic, and environmental objectives. By advocating the integration of magnetite-based photocatalysts and TEA, this paper contributes insights into scalable and profitable sustainable wastewater treatment practices. It underscores the alignment of these practices with SDGs, emphasizing a comprehensive and holistic approach to managing wastewater in ways that meet environmental, economic, and societal objectives., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Diabetes mellitus has become a serious life-threatening disease. As one of the new drugs for the treatment of diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists have attracted a lot of attention. Compared with traditional hypoglycemic drugs, GLP-1 receptor agonists have good safety and tolerability. To a certain extent, they overcome the problem of the short half-life of natural GLP-1 in vivo and can exist stably in patients for a long time, achieving good results in the treatment of diabetes, as well as improving the symptoms of some complications. The GLP-1 receptor agonists in the market are all peptide drugs. Compared with peptide drugs, small molecule agonists have the advantages of low cost and oral administration. In this article, we review the recent research progress of GLP-1 receptor agonists., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The rise of the global mean temperature as a consequence of incessant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, led by CO2, is one of the direst challenges faced by humankind today. The need of the hour is to minimize fossil fuel usage and capture the atmospheric CO2. Broadly, the CO2 mitigation strategies employ carbon capture and storage (CCS) and biological carbon capture and utilization (bio-CCU) technologies. A critical comparative summary of the prevalent CCS and bio-CCU methods has been presented in this study. Among all the CO2 capture technologies, the microalgal bio-CCU in a biorefinery model is more environment and economy-friendly. Microalgal biorefinery can potentially serve as a platform not only for bio-CCU but also for producing third-generation biofuels and commercially important value-added products as means of wealth generation from waste CO2. Alongside reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels, this approach also directly or indirectly addresses most of the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs). To enhance the microalgal CO2 capture efficiency and consequent biomass productivity, smart bioprocess design and reactor engineering performed by researchers are summarized to understand the progress in this direction. Recent advances, innovations, and existing challenges in the design and development of microalgal cultivation processes and systems, including CO2 delivery mechanisms, have been critically discussed and assessed in terms of carbon capture efficiency. The futuristic vision for the fourth-generation microalgal biorefinery-based bio-CCU has also been outlined to make some practical recommendations for its successful implementation or adaptation by the thermal power plants and cement industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the specifics of the far-right COVID-denying QAnon movement may remain cloudy within popular consciousness, in contrast, many can easily conjure the image of Jacob Chansley, the so-called "QAnon Shaman," when evoking the January 6th US Capitol riot. Chansley, face-painted in the American flag and draped in faux regalia—a virtual menagerie of animals: coyote, buffalo, and eagle—appears clearly, spear in hand, as if parting the fog of war. Photos of Chansley howling or brazenly posing on the Senate dais are indelibly sketched into our collective memory. Some may conjure him simply as a buffoon, but his trespassing and seditious antics are interwoven with a costume that pulls at the long thread of European and American colonialism. This article posits that Chansley's animalized insurrectionist attire and his ability to play at the borderlands between human and animal, civilized and uncivilized, was an enactment of white supremacy. Insulated by conjoined racist and speciesist legacies, his ensemble placed him closer not only to Western constructions of nature, but also to animality, all without threatening his human status. Working at the intersections of critical race theory and critical animal studies, and illustrated with mainstream news accounts, this article considers broader cultural contexts that reveal Chansley's sartorial representation as anything but benign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel production from Pongamia pinnata, a tree-based oil using healthcare industrial waste dolomite as a catalyst, was studied. The studies aimed to establish the ideal parameters for producing biodiesel, such as temperature, the ratio of methanol to oil, and the weight percentage of the catalyst. The healthcare industrial waste was procured and characterized. With the operating conditions, temperature maintained at 75°C, methanol to oil molar ratio of about 20:1, and a catalyst weight of 5%, the optimum yield of 92.3% was obtained. The treebased nonedible oil source for biodiesel production was suggested widely due to its ability to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). The Pongamia Pinnata cultivation on barren land supports the afforestation projects with economic and environmental values; further biodiesel from renewable bioresources reduces emissions, and livelihood development to eradicate unemployment are the primary objectives for achieving the SDGs. The tree-based biodiesel production and adaptation of dolomite as a heterogeneous catalyst have proven to be a recent attraction among scientists. The present study is the first report on Pongamia pinnata for biodiesel production catalyzed by dolomite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to empirically examine the unexplored effects of organizational spirituality on the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational practical wisdom (phronesis). By integrating these constructs, this study seeks to uncover the mechanisms through which organizations can cultivate practical wisdom and foster a more humanistic approach to management. Contributing in this way aids in the advancement of sustainable and ethical business practices. Drawing upon the theoretical foundations of knowledge dynamics and spirituality in the workplace, this research offers novel insights into the enablers of organizational phronesis. Design/methodology/approach: To explore the influence of spirituality on the relationship between knowledge sharing and practical wisdom, a comprehensive study was conducted. An online survey was conducted to collect answers from 365 workers, ensuring a diverse and representative sample. Partial least squares structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Findings: This research reveals a significant correlation. Knowledge sharing, when supported by spirituality, enhances workplace efficiency and extends its positive impact beyond the workplace. This underscores the importance of embracing organizational spirituality and knowledge sharing to embody organizational phronesis and achieve a humanized strategy. By fostering this, organizations can promote effective decision-making and problem-solving, thereby enhancing their sustainable performance. Originality/value: This research breaks new ground by empirically investigating and establishing the previously unexplored effects of knowledge sharing and organizational spirituality on organizational phronesis, thereby contributing to the evolving field of organizational behavior, sustainability and business ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silybum marianum commonly known as milk thistle is an important medicinal plant used for dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibition, leukotriene synthesis inhibition, diabetes, chronic hepatitis, antipsoriatic activity, etc., based on current medicinal properties plant focused for the bioactive compound identification through GC-MS analysis, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis, characterization of milk thistle ethanol leaf extract, biological application of nanoparticles for antibacterial activity, it is an eco-friendly approach. In methodology, the GC-MS secondary metabolites are analyzed; the AgNPs were characterized by various analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-spectrum), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In results, the 10 major bioactive compounds were identified through GC-MS; UV-visible spectrum analysis showed AgNPs observed at 414 nm; FT-IR revealed the O-H stretching functional group presence, with high peak intensity 3422 cm−1 (graphene oxide) noticed. The AgNP particle size 10–20 nm was observed in SEM; TEM showed the synthesized AgNP spherical shape with an average diameter of 20–50 nm. The SAED confirmed that the AgNPs have highly crystalline nature; the XRD exhibited four Bragg reflections at 38.45 (111), 46.35 (200), 64.75 (220), and 78.05 (301); EDX revealed that the elemental synthesis of AgNPs was 8.79 nm on energy metabolism. At AFM, AgNPs showed irregular shapes and sizes that ranged 42–52 nm. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera, and Proteus vulgaris. The recent study concluded that S. marianum with synthesized nanoparticles is a potential plant for pharmacological and antibacterial applications, including anti-infection and anticancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the evolving landscape of learning and innovation within organisations that are particularly affected by the increasing digitalisation and prevalence of remote work and trainings. Focusing on the police and technology sectors, in this research 20 individuals were interviewed, identifying both real-time and long-term challenges associated with remote learning and innovation. In the police sector, the real-time challenges included one-way efficiency, encompassing impracticality, unidimensional learning situations, and efficiency-driven multitasking. A long-term challenge was individualistic performance orientation, suggesting a shift in learning responsibility from the organisation to the individual. In the technology sector, the real-time challenges involved incomplete detections during remote innovation, encompassing missing artefacts, unlikely coincidences, and narrow observations. A long-term challenge was the weakening of social bonds, with subthemes such as community distancing and a decline in social skills. The study emphasises the critical need for appropriate remote workplace pedagogy, community reinforcement and well-planned training to address these challenges, emphasising that the values guiding remote work and virtual environments play a crucial role in shaping learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we enter the twenty-first century, the field of hydrometallurgy has emerged as a predominant force in extractive metallurgy, emphasizing the need for revitalization of various technologies applied to extractive metallurgy. As there have been numerous rethinking of the way we approach the field of extraction metallurgy, several developments have been introduced. In this paper, three areas of new developments in hydrometallurgy have been selected, and some impacts in metal extraction are discussed. (A) Thermodynamic calculations allow us to understand the effect of anions on the solubility of metal compounds. (B) Introduction of non-aqueous media, such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, may represent a paradigm shift in the broad sense of hydrometallurgy in the future. (C) A combination of two or more processes, such as electrochemical cell and membrane technologies, may induce a synergistic effect in the metal production and separation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a rapid urbanization trend observed in many countries. This trend poses sustainable development in the long run due to various urban problems. The Iranian government launched a project of affordable housing for low-income residents in response to this rapid urbanization. As different social issues arose after mass affordable housing was implemented in Iran, it is important to assess residents' place attachment to these projects and their impacts on residents' satisfaction. This study therefore served two distinct objectives. The study's first objective was to determine whether place attachment is related to residential satisfaction. In addition, this study examined the mediating role of social capital between place attachment and residential satisfaction. The study used data gathered from residents of Mehr affordable housing in Pardis, Tehran, to examine the relationship between place attachment and residential satisfaction through the mediation of social capital. This was achieved by surveying 370 residents of Mehr affordable housing in Pardis and then analyzing the collected data using structural equation modeling. Considering the data, the model demonstrated appropriate goodness of fit. Place attachment was found to have a relationship with residential satisfaction. Additionally, the research found that social capital mediates the relationship between these two variables. These findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize strategies to foster place attachment and social capital to ensure long-term satisfaction and sustainability of affordable housing projects. This can be achieved through creating attractive and accessible social spaces, promoting social interaction, and incorporation of necessary amenities within affordable housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the dramatic shifts in the workforce that have emerged in the post–COVID-19 world, workers' emotions have often presented very negatively, causing people to overtly display the dark aspects of their personality while at work. At the same time, organizations have been forced to adopt new technologies to fill the gaps in their desired outcomes and cope with changes in market demand. The ensuing clash between negative emotions and technological implementation may lead to intense conflicts and adverse work outcomes. This study hypothesizes a direct relationship between dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and technology acceptance. Using a multiple regression model with a sample of general workers from various industries (n = 396), the study found that narcissism and psychopathy significantly impacted technology acceptance, while Machiavellianism did not. The findings offer valuable theoretical, practical, and managerial insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, clean fuel utilization, trade, and environmental pollution. By focusing on the potential of clean fuels and trade in reducing pollution, this research aims to understand their role in promoting environmental sustainability in China from 1990 to 2020. Methods: The study employs the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) approach to analyze time series data. This method enables the decomposition of impacts from clean fuels and trade on pollution levels, facilitating an understanding of their distinct contributions to environmental outcomes. Results: Findings indicate that economic growth is associated with an increase in pollution levels, while clean fuel usage exhibits a modest but significant reduction effect. Nonetheless, the relatively small coefficients highlight the need for a greater share of clean fuels in China's energy mix. Additionally, trade shows a significant negative relationship with pollution emissions, with data reflecting a gradual decline in pollution over time. Discussion: These results underscore the benefits of clean fuel adoption and trade promotion as effective measures for mitigating pollution. However, they also highlight the necessity for stronger regulatory policies, public awareness initiatives, and investments in sustainable technologies to ensure China's long-term environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In celebrating the 20th anniversary of the International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education (IJETHE), previously known as the Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (RUSC), it is timely to reflect upon the shape and depth of educational technology research as it has appeared within the journal, in order to understand how IJETHE has contributed to furthering scholarship, and to provide future directions to the field. It is particularly important to understand authorship patterns in terms of equity and diversity, especially in regard to ensuring wide-ranging geographical and gender representation in academic publishing. To this end, a content and authorship analysis was conducted of 631 articles, published in RUSC and IJETHE from 2010 to June 2024. Furthermore, in order to contribute to ongoing efforts to raise methodological standards of secondary research being conducted within the field, an analysis of the quality of evidence syntheses published in IJETHE from 2018 to June 2024 was conducted. Common themes in IJETHE have been students' experience and engagement in online learning, the role of assessment and feedback, teachers' digital competencies, and the development and quality of open educational practices and resources. The authorship analysis revealed gender parity and an increasingly international identity, although contributions from the Middle East, South America and Africa remain underrepresented. The findings revealed a critical need for enhanced efforts to raise the methodological rigour of EdTech evidence syntheses, and suggestions are provided for how IJETHE can help move the field forwards. Key future research areas include educator professional development, the impact of digital tools on learning outcomes and engagement, the influence of social and contextual factors, the application of AI tools to support learning, and the use of multimodal data to analyse student learning across diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Grand challenges in heat engines" published in the Frontiers in Thermal Engineering Journal discusses the historical impact, scientific challenges, and future directions of heat engines. It highlights key challenges such as reducing pollutant emissions, increasing thermal efficiency, and decarbonization through the use of alternative fuels like biofuels and e-fuels. The document emphasizes the importance of research and development efforts to address these challenges and improve the sustainability and efficiency of heat engines for various applications. [Extracted from the article]

Li-ion battery is currently considered to be the most proven technology for energy storage systems when it comes to the overall combination of energy, power, cyclability and cost. However, there are continuous expectations for cost reduction in large-scale applications, especially in electric vehicles and grids, alongside growing concerns over safety, availability of natural resources for lithium, and environmental remediation. Therefore, industry and academia have consequently shifted their focus towards 'beyond Li-ion technologies'. In this respect, other non-Li-based alkali-ion/polyvalent-ion batteries, non-Li-based all solid-state batteries, fluoride-ion/ammonium-ion batteries, redox-flow batteries, sand batteries and hydrogen fuel cells etc. are becoming potential cost-effective alternatives. While there has been notable swift advancement across various materials, chemistries, architectures, and applications in this field, a comprehensive overview encompassing high-energy 'beyond Li-ion' technologies, along with considerations of commercial viability, is currently lacking. Therefore, in this review article, a rationalized approach is adopted to identify notable 'post-Li' candidates. Their pros and cons are comprehensively presented by discussing the fundamental principles in terms of material characteristics, relevant chemistries, and architectural developments that make a good high-energy 'beyond Li' storage system. Furthermore, a concise summary outlining the primary challenges of each system is provided, alongside the potential strategies being implemented to mitigate these issues. Additionally, the extent to which these strategies have positively influenced the performance of these 'post-Li' technologies is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid development and deployment of marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) approaches will be required to prevent the worst consequences of climate change and meet national treaty obligations under the Paris agreement. However, approaches to monitor the efficacy and environmental safety of mCDR are not being developed with the same intensity as the technology. Verification will be required to convince a sceptical public and regulatory community of the overall benefit of mCDR as well as provide the regulatory community a basis for risk assessments that will be required for at scale deployments. In this perspective, we posit that genomics-based approaches can be used to assess the efficacy of carbon sequestration and monitor for the possibility of unintended consequences. By adopting these approaches, it will be feasible to develop the evidence portfolio necessary to underpin assessments of the risks, benefits and trade-offs involved in responsible deployment of mCDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bimetallic NiCo nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated within the mesopores of carboxylic acid functionalized mesoporous silica (CMS) through the chemical reduction approach. Both NaBH4 and NH3BH3 were used as reducing agents to reduce the metal ions simultaneously. The resulting composite was used as a catalyst for hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) to produce H2. The bimetallic NiCo NPs supported on carboxylic group functionalized mesoporous silica, referred to as NixCo100−x@CMS, exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity for AB hydrolysis compared to their monometallic counterparts. The remarkable activity of NixCo100−x@CMS could be ascribed to the synergistic contributions of Ni and Co, redox reaction during the hydrolysis, and the fine-tuned electronic structure. The catalytic performance of the NixCo100−x@CMS nanocatalyst was observed to be dependent on the composition of Ni and Co. Among all the compositions investigated, Ni40Co60@CMS demonstrated the highest catalytic activity, with a turn over frequency (TOF) of 18.95 molH2min−1molcatalyst−1 and H2 production rate of 8.0 L min−1g−1. The activity of Ni40Co60@CMS was approximately three times greater than that of Ni@CMS and about two times that of Co@CMS. The superior activity of Ni40Co60@CMS was attributed to its finely-tuned electronic structure, resulting from the electron transfer of Ni to Co. Furthermore, the nanocatalyst exhibited excellent durability, as the carboxylate group in the support provided a strong metal–support interaction, securely anchoring the NPs within the mesopores, preventing both agglomeration and leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of general surgery education has undergone a significant transformation over the past few years, driven in large part by the advent of surgical simulation and training technologies. These innovative tools have revolutionized the way surgeons are trained, allowing for a more immersive, interactive, and effective learning experience. In this review, we will explore the impact of surgical simulation and training technologies on general surgery education, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and future directions. Enhancing the technical proficiency of surgical residents is one of the main benefits of surgical simulation and training technologies. By providing a realistic and controlled environment, With the use of simulations, residents may hone their surgical skills without compromising patient safety. Research has consistently demonstrated that training with simulations enhances surgical skills., reduces errors, and enhances overall performance. Furthermore, simulators can be programmed to mimic a wide range of surgical scenarios, enabling residents to cultivate the essential critical thinking and decision-making abilities required to manage intricate surgical cases. Another area of development is incorporating simulation-based training into the wider surgical curriculum. As simulation technologies become more widespread, they will need to be incorporated into the fabric of surgical education, rather than simply serving as an adjunct to traditional training methods. This will require a fundamental shift in the way surgical education is delivered, with a greater emphasis on simulation-based training and assessment. Highlights: Surgical simulation and training technologies have revolutionized general surgery education, enhancing technical skills and critical thinking abilities of surgical residents. Integration of simulation-based training into the broader surgical curriculum is necessary for its widespread adoption and effectiveness. With the support of educational agendas led by national neurosurgical committees, industry and new technology, simulators will become readily available, translatable, affordable, and effective. As specialized, well-organized curricula are developed that integrate simulations into daily resident training, these simulated procedures will enhance the surgeon's skills, lower hospital costs, and lead to better patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture in exposed and/or distant ocean sites is an emerging industry and field of study that addresses the need to improve food security along with the challenges posed by expansion of urban and coastal stakeholders into nearshore and sheltered marine waters. This move necessitates innovative solutions for this industry to thrive in high-energy environments. Some innovative research has increased understanding of the physics, hydrodynamics, and structural requirements enabling the development of appropriate systems. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), the New Zealand green shell or green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), and the Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas), are the primary targets for commercial exposed bivalve aquaculture. Researchers and industry members are actively advancing existing structures and developing new structures and methodologies for these and alternative high-value species suitable for such conditions. For macroalgae (seaweed) cultivation, such as sugar kelp (Saccharina latissimi), oar weed (Laminaria digitata), or kelp sp. (Ecklonia sp.), longline systems are commonly used, but further development is needed to withstand fully exposed environments and improve productivity and efficiency. In marine finfish aquaculture, three primary design categories for open ocean net pens are identified: flexible gravity pens, rigid megastructures, closed pens, and submersible pens. As aquaculture ventures into more demanding environments, a concerted focus on operational efficiency is imperative. This publication considers the commercial and research progress relating to the requirements of aquaculture's expansion into exposed seas, with a particular focus on the cultivation of bivalves, macroalgae, and marine finfish cultivation technologies and structural developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As ionic liquids (ILs) continue to be prepared, there is a growing need to develop theoretical methods for predicting the properties of ILs, such as gas solubility. In this work, different strategies were employed to obtain the solubility of CO2 and N2, where a conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used as the basis. First, experimental data on the solubility of CO2 and N2 in ILs were collected. Then, the solubility of CO2 and N2 in ILs was predicted using COSMO-RS based on the structures of cations, anions, and gases. To further improve the performance of COSMO-RS, two options were used, i.e., the polynomial expression to correct the COSMO-RS results and the combination of COSMO-RS and machine learning algorithms (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) to develop a hybrid model. The results show that the COSMO-RS with correction can significantly improve the prediction of CO2 solubility, and the corresponding average absolute relative deviation (AARD) is decreased from 43.4% to 11.9%. In contrast, such an option cannot improve that of the N2 dataset. Instead, the results obtained from coupling machine learning algorithms with the COSMO-RS model agree well with the experimental results, with an AARD of 0.94% for the solubility of CO2 and an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.15% for the solubility of N2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐enzymatic cascade reaction provides a new avenue for C─C coupling directly from CO2 under mild conditions. In this study, a new pathway with four enzymes including formate dehydrogenase (PaFDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (BmFADH), glycolaldehyde synthase (PpGALS), and alcohol dehydrogenase (GoADH) is developed for directly converting CO2 gas molecules to ethylene glycol (EG) in vitro. A rhodium‐based NADH regeneration electrode is constructed to continuously provide the proton and electron of this multi‐enzymatic cascade reaction. The prepared electrode can reach the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 82.9% at −0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and the NADH productivity of 0.737 mM h−1. Shortening the reaction path is crucial for multi‐enzymatic cascade reactions. Here, a hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) nano‐reactor is successfully developed to immobilize four enzymes in one pot with a striking enzyme loading capacity (990 mg enzyme g−1 material). Through integrating and optimization of NADH electro‐regeneration and enzymatic catalysis in one pot, 0.15 mM EG is achieved with an average conversion rate of 7.15 × 10−7 mmol CO2 min−1 mg−1 enzymes in 6 h. These results shed light on electro‐driven multi‐enzymatic cascade conversion of C─C coupling from CO2 in the nano‐reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The sport of cycling has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade. Globally, over 200 million television hours across five continents watched the recent inaugural World Championships in Glasgow, in 2023. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world cycling governing body, has highlighted its mission to " promote and support research in cycling epidemiology and medicine, especially for the benefit of lesser-known disciplines" within its 2030 Agenda. This paper outlines a proposed protocol to conduct a systematic review that comprehensively analyses and synthesises the existing literature about cycling-related injuries and illness across all competitive disciplines. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed through each stage of this systematic review. Cycling is an umbrella term used for many individual disciplines. Investigation of all types of injuries and/or illnesses sustained during training and/or competition among competitive athletes across all disciplines will be included in this review. A computerised, systematic literature search will be conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening by two reviewers in a two-step process: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. The reference lists of included articles will be searched to identify any other potentially relevant articles. Narrative synthesis and tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included. Discussion: This protocol paper outlines the methodology to conduct a systematic review of injuries and illness across all competitive cycling disciplines. The aims of outlining this systematic review protocol are to aid research transparency, help reduce publication bias, prevent selective publication, and prevent the selective reporting of results. Future systematic reviews based on the proposed protocol will summarise the known prevalence, incidences, locations and burden of injury and illness across the sport of cycling. Trial Registration: This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42024502703). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green spaces, including parks, plazas, and squares, are essential components of healthy and sustainable cities. These areas play a central role in enhancing the wellbeing of citizens, fostering social interactions, and promoting sustainable urban development. This study investigates the multifaceted benefits of integrating green spaces into urban environments, such as improving physical and mental health, facilitating social engagement, and supporting environmental sustainability. Despite these benefits, the development and maintenance of urban green spaces face significant challenges, including limited suitable land, financial constraints, and inadequate access, which can exclude certain populations from enjoying these green havens. The study examines specific case studies, including Linyi People's Park, Lanshan Youth Park, and Yumin Park, to highlight the factors contributing to the success or failure of these spaces. It also draws inspiration from international examples like New York City's High Line and Germany's Emscher Landscape Park, which have successfully transformed neglected areas into vibrant green oases. The findings underscore the importance of adopting principles of spatial justice, resource management, urban policy revision, and access reform to ensure the equitable distribution and accessibility of urban green spaces. The study concludes with key recommendations for urban planning and public health policy, aiming to enhance the wellbeing of citizens and strengthen the harmonious relationship between urban development and the natural environment. This study explores the multifaceted benefits of urban green spaces, including parks and plazas, highlighting their critical roles in enhancing physical and mental health, fostering social interactions, and promoting environmental sustainability. Through in-depth case studies of Linyi People's Park, Lanshan Youth Park, and Yumin Park, the research identifies key factors contributing to the success and challenges of these spaces. Innovations in the study include a holistic analysis of green space benefits, a focus on spatial justice for equitable access, and comparative insights from international examples like New York City's High Line and Germany's Emscher Landscape Park. The research identifies several gaps, including the need for longitudinal studies on health impacts, understanding socioeconomic and cultural variability in green space use, evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions, exploring technological integration, assessing environmental and economic trade-offs, and developing models for community engagement and ownership. Addressing these gaps will enhance strategies for integrating green spaces into urban environments, ensuring their benefits are accessible to all citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper's purpose is to challenge the traditional assumption in leadership studies that leaders' traits and capabilities impact effectiveness irrespective of the environment in which they operate. We identify the cognitive capabilities (CCs) of moral leaders that increase their efficacy in turbulent environments. To identify these capabilities, we integrate the strategic management literature on dynamic managerial capabilities (DMCs) into the field of moral leadership. We explore the micro-foundations of DMCs—that is, the CCs of moral leaders that underpin their abilities to sense and seize opportunities and reconfigure organizations—and show that CCs are effective in environmental turbulence. Design/methodology/approach: We review 74 articles on moral leaders—including ethical, authentic, and servant leaders—and analyze their CCs that enable effectiveness in turbulent environments. Findings: Moral leaders sense opportunities by drawing on their CCs for attention and perception. They seize opportunities with intuitive moral judgment and conscious moral reasoning, and by considering diverse perspectives and followers' needs when problem solving. They reconfigure with vision-inspired storytelling, collaboration, and trust-building among stakeholders. Practical implications: Organizations should use coaching, mentoring, and training to develop the CCs of moral leaders, and institutionalize these skills in their organizations. Originality/value: We illustrate that the environment is an important determinant of the effectiveness of moral leaders' capabilities. By integrating the DMC literature into the moral leadership field, we identify the distinctive CCs of ethical, authentic, and servant leaders that make them effective in turbulent environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the catalytic behavior of Ni-CaO-Al2O3 dual functional material (DFM) and a physical mixture of Ni-Al2O3 and CaO-Al2O3 in the integrated carbon capture methanation (ICCM) process for promoted methane production. H2-temperature-programmed surface reaction (H2-TPSR) analysis revealed that in Ni-CaO-Al2O3 DFM, CO2 adsorbed on the CaO surface can spillover to metallic Ni surface, enabling direct hydrogenation without desorption of CO2. Ni-CaO-Al2O3 DFM exhibited a rapid initial methanation rate due to CO2 spillover. The Ni-CaO-Al2O3 DFM, with Ni and CO2 adsorption sites in close distance, allows efficient utilization of the heat generated by methanation to desorb strongly adsorbed CO2, leading to enhanced methane production. Consequently, Ni-CaO-Al2O3 DFM produced 1.3 mmol/gNi of methane at 300 °C, converting 35% of the adsorbed CO2 to methane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While several studies have utilized potato peel to prepare biochar involved in dye adsorption from wastewater, there is still a research gap in managing the spent feedstock to minimize secondary pollution formation. Hence, this study focuses on recycling the exhausted potato peel-based biochar after methylene blue (MB) adsorption for dual biogas and char production. Biochar was synthesized from potato peel pyrolysis (at 600 °C for 2 h) and employed for MB removal according to Box–Behnken statistical design. The optimized time and adsorbent dosage were 55.2 min and 2.6 g/L, giving 81.76 ± 4.34% removal at initial MB = 50 mg/L and pH = 9. The exhausted biochar was regenerated and supplemented to an anaerobic digester using a biochar: chicken droppings (CD) ratio of 1:4 (w/w) at 37 °C for 25 days. The biochar/CD synergy exhibited a bio-CH4 yield of 159.6 ± 10.5 mL/g CODinitial greater than the sole CD digester by 32.4%. Another experiment was introduced to maintain a sustainable circular economy by thermally treating the anaerobic digestate at 500 °C for 60 min. The generated biochar acquired a yield of 0.62 g/g sludge-cake, exhibiting heterogenic surface and 52% carbon content. This novel adsorption/digestion/pyrolysis strategy enjoyed carbon credit and biogas/biochar selling, getting a 5.62-year payback period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dry reforming reaction (DRM) had capacity to mitigate the greenhouse gases from environment as well as to produce syngas as a chemical feedstock. Various doped metal oxides, supported metal catalysts and promoted catalyst system over different supported metal catalysts had profound activity toward this specific reaction. Herein, a sequential review on DRM is presented which covers most of the excellent and conceptual work of this field from the last two decades. The review covers 8 active metals i.e. Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt dispersed over 12 support system as activated carbon or Char, MgO, CeO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, Si2O3, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC BN, Clay for DRM reaction. Further under each support, a deep literature review of a long range of promotors (total 35) belonging to different groups of periodic tables is elaborated. At the end, a brief about the state-of-the-art of possible industrial potent catalyst and the future research portfolio for catalytic advancement are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, raises concerns about consistent power supply based on a single type. Green hydrogen presents a promising solution to mitigate the environmental effects of fossil fuels and control the unpredictability of renewable energy sources. Yet, developing green hydrogen systems mandates immense financial commitments, vitally stressing the importance of determining the most appropriate locations before constructing them. As such, the primary purpose of this paper was to propose an initial spatial analysis and prioritize the most suitable locations for installing solar-based green hydrogen systems in Tunisia. For this reason, an exhaustive literature survey was conducted to develop a GIS-based MCDM approach, taking into account technical, topography, environmental, and accessibility criteria. Then, EDAS, ARAS, MOORA, and COPRAS techniques were used to rank the most promising sites resulting from the previous stage. The study revealed that sites of high suitability, primarily in the southeastern and southwestern parts of Tunisia, spanned a total area of 1591 km2 (0.78%). Among such regions, Sfax, Monastir, and Sousse appeared to hold the top ranking as the most suitable locations for solar-based hydrogen. The "most suitable" sites had a hydrogen potential capacity of 9910 Mt per year, with Sfax, Monastir, and Sousse accounting for 14.5% of that capacity. By tapping into this immense potential and embracing the green hydrogen industry, Tunisia has the opportunity to lead in renewable energy adoption. This move could help ensure energy security, reduce dependence on imports, stimulate economic growth, and steer the nation toward a more sustainable and prosperous future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable biofuel and green chemical products are produced by the pyrolysis of Camellia oleifera shell at 400–800 °C. The pyrolysis temperature significantly influences the yield of pyrolysis products, which indicates that a high pyrolysis temperature promotes the generation of biogas and restrains biochar production. The main compounds in bio-oil are hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, and furans that have promising applications in the chemical industry. The composition and heating value of biogas are significantly influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The maximum heating value of biogas is 13.51 MJ/Nm3. The pyrolysis temperature also influences the physicochemical properties of biochar. The results indicate that biochar can be used as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The present work demonstrates that waste Camellia oleifera shells can be converted into valuable pyrolysis products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Loess Plateau is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate alfalfa fields with different planting years. Soil microorganisms and nematodes are vital in ecosystem functionality and nutrient cycling. Therefore, comprehending their response to alfalfa fields with varying years of planting is essential for predicting the direction and trajectory of degradation. Alfalfa fields with different planting years (2 years, 9 years, and 18 years) were used as the research object, and farmland was used as the control (CK). High-throughput sequencing and morphological methods determined the community composition of microorganisms and nematodes. Carbon metabolic footprints, correlation networks, and structural equations were used to study soil microorganisms and nematode interactions. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that alfalfa fields with different planting years significantly impacted soil microorganisms and nematode community structures. Planting alfalfa significantly increased the nematode channel ratio (NCR) and Wasilewska index (WI), but significantly reduced the soil nematode PPI/MI and dominance (λ). The correlation network results indicated that, for the 2-year and 18-year treatments, the total number of links and positive links are higher than other treatments. Conversely, the 9-year treatment had fewer positive links and more negative links compared to other treatments. Additionally, the keystone species within each network varied based on the treatment years. Structural equation results show that alfalfa planting years directly impact soil fungal community structure and plant-parasitic nematodes' carbon metabolism omnivorous-predatory nematodes. Furthermore, the carbon metabolism of omnivorous-predatory nematodes directly influences soil organic carbon fixation. Moreover, as the duration of alfalfa planting increases, the metabolic footprint of plant-parasitic nematodes decreases while that of omnivorous-predatory nematodes rises. Among treatments varying in alfalfa planting durations, the 9-year treatment exhibited the most incredible energy conversion and utilization efficiency within the soil food web, demonstrating the most stable structure. This study reveals optimal alfalfa planting duration for soil ecosystem stability in the Loess Plateau. Future research should explore sustainable crop rotations and alfalfa–soil–climate interactions for improved agricultural management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a vital component of the global carbon pool, soils in arid and semi-arid regions play a significant role in carbon sequestration. In the context of global warming, increasing temperatures and moisture levels promote the transformation of barren land into wetlands, enhancing carbon sinks. However, the overdevelopment of oases and excessive extraction of groundwater lead to the opposite effect, reducing carbon sequestration. This study examines two soil types—meadow soil (MS) and swamp soil (SS)—from Qingtu Lake, an arid lake in western China. It analyzes the sources of soil inorganic carbon, the composition and origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the relationships between microbes, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), mineral composition, and soil texture. The results indicate that inorganic carbon in the study area consists of both primary carbonate minerals and secondary pedogenic carbonates. The DOM primarily consists of two components, both identified as terrestrial humic substances. In meadow soils, bacterial activity drives the weathering of plagioclase, which releases Ca2+ necessary for the formation of pedogenic carbonates. Plagioclase also provides colonization sites for microbes and, along with microbial activity, participates in the soil carbon cycle. Within the soil community, bacteria appear to play a more critical role than fungi. In contrast, microbial contributions to the carbon cycle in swamp soils are weaker, with minerals predominantly interacting with organic carbon to form mineral-associated organic matter, thus promoting the soil carbon cycle. These findings have important implications for understanding soil carbon sinks under different micro-ecological conditions in arid and semi-arid regions. Through targeted human intervention, it is possible to enhance carbon sequestration in these areas, contributing to the mitigation of global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar amendment and substituting chemical fertilizers with organic manure (organic substitution) have been widely reported to improve intensive vegetable production. However, considering its high potential for reducing carbon and reactive nitrogen (Nr) footprints, very few comprehensive evaluations have been performed on the environmental and economic aspects of biochar amendment or organic substitution. In this study, the comprehensive environmental damage costs from carbon and Nr footprints, measured using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, followed a cradle-to-gate approach, and the carbon storage benefits were incorporated into the newly constructed net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) assessment frame in addition to the conventional product income–input cost-benefit methods. One kilogram of harvested vegetables for carbon/Nr footprints and one hectare of cultivated land per crop for cost and benefit were adopted as functional units considering the multi-cropping characteristics for intensive vegetable production. Five fertilization treatments were included: no fertilizer (CK); synthetic fertilizer application (SN); biochar amendment (NB); organic substitution (NM); and a combination of biochar and organic substitution (NMB). These were investigated for five consecutive years of vegetable crop rotations in a typically intensified vegetable production region in China. Adopting the revised NEEB methodology, NB significantly reduced carbon footprint by 73.0% compared to no biochar addition treatment. Meanwhile, NB significantly increased the total benefits by 9.7% and reduced the environmental damages by 52.7% compared to NM, generating the highest NEEB, making it the most effective fertilization strategy among all treatments. It was 4.3% higher compared to NM, which was not significant, but significantly higher than SN and NMB, by 23.0% and 13.6%, respectively. This finding highlights the importance of considering carbon storage benefit for properly assessing NEEB, which is important for developing effective agricultural management strategies and promoting intensive vegetable production with a more sustainable approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how a new type of workplace training program can be created that truly enables participants to move from words to action. Recognizing the need to understand trainee–work environment dynamics the authors criticize training efforts that center on targeted learning events, instead highlighting the role of preparation and following up. In doing so, the authors tackle the lack of guidance practitioners experience when designing and implementing workplace training programs. Design/methodology/approach: The authors present action research on a pilot workplace training program focused on wellbeing in an academic work setting. The data collection draws from the case study tradition. The authors collect data through interviews (21), field notes of participant observation (3 occasions), participant-produced written materials and a feedback survey. Findings: The authors find that restorative practices, workplace mediation and reteaming enhance the participants' perceptions of self-efficacy and agency. Throughout the training program, facilitators observe the dynamics of the situation and take part in discussions to encourage exploration and reflection. Thus, facilitators likely need a coaching mindset. Originality/value: The theoretical contribution stems from an in-depth exploration of trainee–work environment dynamics and novel insights brought to workplace training from adjacent fields of research. The authors introduce a framework for planning participatory workplace training and organizational development programs, which answers a call from practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating global population and subsequent demand for agricultural products have led to a surge in agricultural waste generation, posing significant disposal challenges. Conventional disposal methods such as burning and dumping not only harm the environment but also jeopardize human health and safety. Recognizing the urgent need for sustainable waste management, researchers have increasingly focused on repurposing agricultural plant waste as a valuable resource. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the potential of agricultural plant waste in wealth creation and sustainable development. It highlights the detrimental impacts of current disposal methods and emphasizes the necessity for alternative approaches. By analyzing the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of plant fibers, particularly cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, this review underscores their suitability for diverse applications. Moreover, it explores the emerging trend of utilizing pineapple leaf fiber, a sustainable and lightweight material, in structural applications, such as UAV construction. With its exceptional mechanical properties and biodegradability, pineapple leaf fiber holds promise as a viable alternative to traditional materials, contributing to a more sustainable future. In conclusion, this review advocates for a paradigm shift towards embracing agricultural plant waste as a valuable asset for economic prosperity and environmental sustainability. It underscores the importance of continued research and technological advancements to unlock the full potential of agricultural waste in fostering a circular economy and driving sustainable development globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalamin, generally known as vitamin B12, is a crucial component required for humans in several physiological processes. It has been produced from sources that are derived from animals, making it difficult for vegetarians and vegans to consume the recommended amount each day. The importance of vitamin B12 in red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and brain processes has been highlighted. Recent studies have looked at different methods of producing vitamin B12, such as microbial fermentation. Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans have demonstrated remarkable potential as fermented sources of vitamin B12. Compared to conventional sources, the bioavailability of vitamin B12 produced by P. denitrificans and P. shermanii is more effective in meeting dietary needs. Vitamin B12 can be produced naturally by P. denitrificans. It is equipped with the enzymes and metabolic pathways required to produce this vital vitamin. The fermentation of several dietary substrates by P. shermanii can improve nutrient bioavailability. P. shermanii generates enzymes during fermentation that aid in the breakdown of complex nutrients, facilitating easier absorption and utilization by the body. The motive of the following critical evaluation is to assess the advantages of vitamin B12 for health and the capacity of P. denitrificans and P. shermanii to produce it through fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic digestion is a well-established technology for the sustainable production of biogas. However, to be used as a substitute for natural gas or as vehicle fuel, it is necessary to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) and other contaminants from biogas that can compromise the useful life of combustion engines. Upgraded biogas is known as biomethane (>95% methane content). This work reviews the different technologies used for upgrading biogas, emphasizing microalgae–nanoparticle systems, representing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly system. Parameters affecting these systems performance are discussed, and the trends and areas of opportunity for subsequent work are evaluated through a bibliometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for renewable energy and sustainable technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become crucial energy storage components. Despite the promising properties of the high capacity and stability of TiO2, its large-scale application as an anode for LIBs is hindered by challenges like poor conductivity and volumetric changes during cycling. Here, a rutile TiO2 composite material with a thinned carbon coating (TiO2@TC) was synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and a subsequent annealing process, which significantly improved the reversibility, cycling stability, and rate performance of the TiO2 anode materials. The thickness of the carbon layer on TiO2 was precisely controlled and thinned from 4.2 nm to 1.9 nm after secondary annealing treatment, leading to a smaller steric hindrance and an improved conductivity while serving as protective coatings by preventing the electrochemical degradation of the TiO2 surface and hindering volumetric changes during cycling. The resulting TiO2@TC with the thin carbon layer demonstrated a high specific capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C in Li-based half cells, which could stably run for 200 cycles with nearly 100% capacity retention. The thin carbon layer also contributes to an improved rate performance of 90 mAh g−1 at even 20 C. This work provides an innovational strategy for improving the conductivity and volumetric changes during the cycling of TiO2 anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The routine assessment of pilot fatigue is paramount to ensuring aviation safety. However, current designs of pilot fatigue factors often lack the comprehensiveness needed to fully account for the dynamic and cumulative nature of fatigue. To bridge this gap, this study introduces a biomathematical fatigue model (BFM) that leverages system dynamics theory, integrating a dynamic feedback mechanism for fatigue information. The novelty of this approach lies in its capability to continuously capture and model fatigue fluctuations driven by varying operational demands. A comparative analysis with international methodologies for evaluating cumulative fatigue on weekly and monthly scales demonstrates that the proposed BFM effectively reproduces variations in pilot fatigue characteristics. Moreover, the pilot fatigue coefficient derived from the model provides a robust differentiation of fatigue profiles across diverse work types, making it particularly suitable for estimating cumulative fatigue over monthly intervals. This BFM-based approach offers valuable insights for the strategic planning of flight schedules and establishes an innovative framework for utilizing BFMs in fatigue management. By employing a scientifically grounded evaluation method rooted in system dynamics and the BFM, this study rigorously assesses cumulative pilot fatigue, confirming the model's accuracy in replicating fatigue patterns and validating the efficiency and reliability of the derived fatigue coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]