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This research studies the impact of articles appearing in the top four journals for consumer research— JCR , JMR , JM , and JCP— by examining factors that influence scholarly, public, and practical impact. This conceptually distinguishes between "incongruent novelty" (novelty arising from incongruity between an article and other existing articles) and "recombinant novelty" (novelty based on drawing from more disparate references). Incongruent novelty is decomposed into two components: (1) topic incongruity—incongruity between an article's topic and other existing topics at the time and (2) article incongruity—incongruity between an article and other existing articles on the same primary topic. By integrating topic modeling and word embedding to measure these constructs, we demonstrate varying impacts of types of novelty on three types of impact. Overall, our findings illustrate that topic and article incongruity have effects above and beyond recombinant novelty. For both scholarly and public impact, our results suggest that moderately high topic incongruity has the largest influence, suggesting that researchers should address novel topics. Additionally, scholarly citations are positively affected by lower and higher (vs. moderate) levels of article incongruity, suggesting that researchers either engage in programmatic research or add a new approach to the existing research on a topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution, a pervasive environmental crisis, arises from the improper disposal of non-biodegradable plastics, endangering species and ecosystems worldwide. While microplastics (MPs) have been extensively studied in various ecosystems, they have received scant attention in port environments, despite their pervasive presence. This review selected published articles conducted in ports worldwide between 2010 and 2024 to determine the concentration, accumulation characteristics, and driving factors. A total of 57 studies across 78 ports met the selection criteria, examining water, sediment, and biota in 49, 51, and 23 ports, respectively. The average concentrations of MPs in water collected by net and grab sampling, sediment, fish, and invertebrates were approximately 39.2 ± 68.4 items/m3, 4100.7 ± 5761.8 items/m3, 243.6 ± 240.2 items/kg, 26.1 ± 21.1 items/individual, and 9.4 ± 8.1 items/individual in ports worldwide, respectively. Asia and the Americas exhibited the highest concentration of MPs in ports across all media. The dominant MP morphotypes included fibers, fragments, films, foams, pellets, and spheres, with sizes frequently between 1 and 1000 μm in biota and water and between 1 and 5 mm in sediments. Port structures and the presence of rivers are key drivers of MP accumulation. MP pollution in ports poses potential ecological and health risks. Among the studied ports, 23% had MP numbers in sediment greater than the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). The presence of MP in biota and the capability of MP to adsorb other contaminants pose a threat to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a corpus of 678 articles appearing in the International Journal of Police Science & Management representing 25 years of publication, This article reviews the achievements of the Journal's founding principles. Aiming to be multidisciplinary, international and collaborative, with particular emphasis on diversity and operational issues, the Journal also sought to present research informing both policy and practice. A bibliographic analysis revealed 45 police jurisdictions, 41 cognate disciplines and 150 topics covered. The majority of articles (79%) were empirical papers of which 69% derived from primary, 26% secondary and 5% mixed research designs. Around one-fifth of papers related to police management issues, one-third to police deployments and policing practices, and one in ten papers were devoted to accountability and misconduct. Diversity featured in about one-third of papers with gender being the most referred to, whereas disability, religion and sexuality were barely referenced. The majority of articles (77%) were by those from academic institutions with relatively few police/academic collaborating authors. The article concludes with a brief assessment and discussion of the future direction of policing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study investigated the scientific impact of oral abstracts presented in five consecutive European Orthodontic Society (EOS) congresses in terms of full-text publication rates as well as citations and social media metrics (altmetrics) of the resulting articles. Methods PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.nl/) were screened to identify published articles originally presented as lectures at EOS 2015–2019. EOS date, abstract title, subject, number of authors, authors' names, first author's country of origin, and type of affiliation were extracted from congress abstract books. Altmetric Attention Scores (AASs), number of X (formerly Twitter) posts, Mendeley reads, and citations of the articles were retrieved from Altmetric Explorer and Web of Science (WoS) databases, respectively. Abstract details, full publication rates and Altmetric mentions and WoS citations of the related articles were analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results In total, 51.79 to 73.91% of the lectures presented at EOS 2015–2019 were converted into peer-reviewed articles. There was a median interval of 10.95 months (interquartile range 20.5 months) between conference and publication dates. EOS congress year (overall Wald test P -value = .04) and number of authors (overall Wald test P -value < .01) were significant predictors for full-text publication of oral lectures. There was no significant effect of EOS presentation on AASs, citations, X posts, and Mendeley readers (P  > .05). Limitations Journal impact factors and quartile rankings were not considered to determine the impact of the journals that published articles originally presented as EOS oral abstracts. Conclusions Overall, 61.30% of EOS 2015–2019 lectures were published as full-length articles. Multi-authored abstracts presented higher odds of publication, whereas oral abstracts presented at EOS 2015 and 2018 had the lowest probabilities to reach full publication. EOS abstract-based articles were assigned similar numbers of citations and AASs to articles not presented at EOS congresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical studies in innovation management often draw on data collected in particular regions, mostly in Western economies, and imply universal applicability of the findings across regions. Given the relevance of innovation for economic progress and structural and cultural differences among regions, there is surprisingly little knowledge available on whether the knowledge developed from Western firms can be transferred to emerging economies. This dearth of knowledge is especially notable for the early phases of innovation processes. Rapid iterations between knowledge creation and learning are critical at the front end of innovation (FEI), a phase that, in turn, is crucial for innovation success. In a recently published article, Peña Häufler and co‐authors developed the concept of rapid validity testing (RVT) and found support for its positive relation with innovation performance. Since the authors draw on a sample of Western firms, we explore whether the concept of RVT and its performance relevance remain valid across regional contexts. The data for this study stem from a sample of 1625 respondents from 232 firms in Europe and Latin America. Our findings advance our understanding of innovation management practices in different contexts, informing future research on the approach and relevance of assessing the effect of different contexts on central measures for improving innovative capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 1881–1895, a small number of male patients—18 in total—were diagnosed with hysteria at the University of Tartu Psychiatric Hospital. Rather than constituting an obscure psychiatric institution on the margins of European medical traditions, Tartu during these years witnessed the arrival of several influential psychiatrists: Hermann Emminghaus (1845–1904), Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926), and Vladimir Chizh (1855–1922). Yet, when comparing patient case records of male hysteria written by doctors who also published journal articles and medical textbooks on the topic, one can detect a clear inconsistency between the theory and practice of psychiatry at an important moment of its formation. Contrary to the simplified characterizations in the textbooks, there was no uniform formulation of male hysteria in the case records. The clinical description differed remarkably, throughout the career of individual doctors, between symptomology presented in a textbook and clinical picture described in a patient record, and between different doctors who practiced in the same clinic during this 15-year period. This study highlights the importance of using patient case records in conjunction with a formal medical treatise to provide new insights and nuances to the intellectual history of hysteria, but also other diagnoses and clinical practice more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This article applies a variant of the Markov chain that explicitly incorporates spatial effects. It is an extension of the Markov class allowing a more complete analysis of the spatial dimensions of transition dynamics. The aim is to provide a methodology for applying the explicit model to spatial dependency analysis. Methods: Here, the question is to study and quantify whether neighborhood context affects transitional dynamics. Rather than estimating a homogeneous law, the model requires the estimation of k transition laws each dependent on spatial neighbor state. This article used published data on confirmed cases of Covid'19 in the 22 regions of Madagascar. These data were discretized to obtain a discrete state of propagation intensity. Results: The analysis gave us the transition probabilities between Covid'19 intensity states knowing the context of neighboring regions, and the propagation time laws knowing the spatial contexts. The results showed that neighboring regions had an effect on the propagation of Covid'19 in Madagascar. Conclusion: After analysis, we can say that there is spatial dependency according to these spatial transition matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant sterols encompass phytosterols and phytostanols, with over 250 identified types. They've garnered attention in the food industry due to their potential hypocholesterolemic effects. This manuscript offers a current view phytosterols content in foods, their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and metabolic benefits based on existing preclinical and clinical data. Published articles from 2016 to 2023 regarding the effect of sitosterol, sitostanol, campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, and mixed phytosterols on preclinical models and clinical trials were included. Food and technology-related issues were also discussed. Phytosterols's bioavailability in food is limited, exhibiting vulnerability to oxidation, low water solubility, and a distinctive taste. Nevertheless, various technological approaches have been devised to enhance its inclusion in food, ensuring adequate doses for harnessing its cholesterol-lowering potential. This effect has been extensively researched, alongside its hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties. There's a need to create novel functional foods enriched with phytosterols to attain the daily dosage required to leverage its hypercholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and other ongoing beneficial effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders experienced by individuals in the United States, and anxiety is often assessed with anxiety symptom inventories. At present, though, there are no anxiety symptom inventories that include symptom validity indices. The present study sought to develop a symptom validity index for the most commonly used anxiety symptom inventory in neuropsychological practice, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Method: A sample of 244 veterans seeking outpatient neuropsychological assessments were included in the study. Participants were divided into valid and invalid groups based on external criterion symptom validity tests. The valid participants were then divided into clinical subgroups (Current Anxiety, Lifetime Anxiety, and No Anxiety). A validity index derived from the BAI total score was examined for the total sample and all subgroups. Results: A cutoff of ≥ 29 was identified when utilizing the Valid Full Sample, which resulted in a 0.91 specificity rate and 0.54 sensitivity rate. However, cutoffs had to be adjusted when applied to the clinical subgroups. The Valid Current Anxiety subgroup required the largest cutoff increase (i.e. ≥ 36), which resulted in a 0.91 specificity rate and a 0.42 sensitivity rate. Conclusions: This is the first published article to develop a symptom validity index for the BAI. To minimize false positive errors, a BAI total score of ≥ 36 is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International publications in social sciences by scholars based in mainland China have been increasing in volume, but little is known about the characteristics of China's contribution. This study examines the characteristics and patterns of international publications by Chinese scholars in higher education research. Data from three internationalized higher education journals were analyzed from 2000 to 2022. The results show a consistent pattern of continuous growth in the annual number of published articles with Chinese affiliations, with a marked increase since 2016. International collaborations are the most common type of publication, a pattern that contrasts with other articles in the same journal. In addition, returnee scholars have made significant contributions to international publications. Finally, the research of Chinese scholars is as influential as that of their international peers in terms of citation counts. These findings highlight the constrained agency of Chinese actors in the center-periphery structure of the global knowledge production networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tsunamis present a significant risk to coastal infrastructure. This study conducts a comprehensive experimental investigation into the effects of tsunami impacts on a vertical structure equipped with an overhanging horizontal slab. Dam-break waves were generated in the laboratory to simulate tsunami bore. The uplift pressure of the tsunami bore on the horizontal suspended slab and the horizontal pressure on the vertical wall were analyzed by combining experimental data with water flow patterns. The results revealed that the impact process could be categorized into four stages: initial impact, run-up, quasi-steady, and recession. Two characteristic pressures were identified: a maximum pressure during the initial impact stage and a quasi-steady pressure with a longer duration. The maximum uplift pressure was found to increase with the relative position and tsunami bore height. However, this trend was influenced by the slab height and gravity, particularly on the side of the slab closest to the wall. As the slab height increased, the water flow reflection area expanded, diminishing the focusing effect caused by the slab and decreasing the quasi-steady uplift pressure. The uplift coefficient was observed to decrease with an increase in the relative slab height, and a new uplift coefficient envelope was proposed based on experimental data and published articles. Equations for the uplift pressure distribution and a novel conversion method between uplift pressure and horizontal pressure were introduced. Furthermore, based on the measured data and existing theories, equations for estimating the maximum and quasi-steady uplift pressures are presented and validated using published data. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding and estimating the impact of tsunami on structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda is a time-tested science that systematically explains its concepts through eight branches. Grahas Chikitsa (Ayurvedic treatment of microbes) is one of these branches, and it is well-explained in the texts. "Graha" refers to a tiny, invisible living organism that may undergo several stages of development and can be pathogenic or antigenic to the body. Microorganisms can cause generalised pathogenic alterations in the body that affect multiple systems, similar to the concept of Grahas. This suggests a deeper understanding of microbes in relation to Grahas. This review paper aims to explore the age-old concept of Balgrahas (microbes) and its relevance in modern times. The review was conducted using published articles on paediatric disorders, electronic databases, textbooks on paediatrics, and traditional Ayurvedic writings related to Kauamarbhritya (Paediatrics). A distinguishing feature of this study is its compilation of information on Balgraha from classical texts, covering clinical characteristics, causal factors, and various internal and external treatments. It also discusses Ayurvedic treatment modalities such as Daiva Vyapashraya Chikitsa (Spiritual therapy) and Yukti Vyapashraya Chikitsa (Rational therapy). In this review, authors discussed several formulations for treating conditions associated with Balgraha (microbes) that have not been detailed in previous studies. Additionally, some Shodhan karma (Detoxification) procedures that are particularly recommended for both children and nursing mothers are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Local anaesthesia (LA) is fundamental to successful dental treatment. Graduating hygienists, therapist and dentists should be confident and proficient in delivering LA. There is one previously published article reviewing LA teaching in United Kingdom (UK) dental schools in 2016, and at this time 10 out of 14 schools allowed peer‐to‐peer administration. The method of teaching LA administration has become an area of debate in terms of legality and morality given the potential complications and issues with valid consent. The aim of the study was to explore current teaching practices and assessment of LA in UK dental schools. Materials and Methods: Two national surveys (2020 and 2023) were sent out via the ABAOMS Education Committee to all 16 dental schools in the United Kingdom with dental and/or hygiene and therapy programmes. Results: There was a 100% response rate from all schools. There has been a significant shift from peer‐to‐peer administration of local anaesthesia, with only 4 schools now allowing peer‐to‐peer administration. The majority of schools use simulation methods to deliver the teaching, including LA models, cadavers and 'cap‐on' simulation with a peer. When comparing the timing of teaching between 2020 and 2023, BDS students now administer their first LA injection to a patient later in the programme, and there has been a reduction in intra‐professional teaching. Conclusion: Due to the large shift away from practicing LA on peers, there is a need for further development of simulation methods given the drawbacks with current models and the limited development of haptic technology in relation to LA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a rise in unethical conduct in research across social science disciplines, there is clearly an issue with the approaches and understanding of requirements to meet ethical standards of research. Peer-reviewed journals rely on establishing and developing quality literature that scholars, practitioners, and policy makers can use for the benefit of humanity. Journals in higher education practice and policy aim to provide a forum for educational practitioners in a wide range of disciplines to communicate their teaching and learning innovations and outcomes in a scholarly way. For publication of research, particularly that which involves human participants, journal editors must set clear expectations and guidance for authors to adhere to recognised ethical standards, practices, and laws. Authors must declare that they have met the required standards, ensuring that independent ethical scrutiny for their study has been carried out before embarking on data collection, that the study was conducted with prior scrutiny to the methods and potential risk to participants, and that all participants were fully informed before giving their voluntary consent to the appropriate use of their data. Submitted manuscripts that do not meet these standards and expectations must therefore be rejected. This Commentary offers guidance for social sciences authors, reviewers, and editors to follow, and outlines practices that should be adopted to ensure published articles meet ethical standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to promote the use of qualitative methods in service research by investigating how these methods are reported in service journals, how the level of reporting has evolved and whether methodological reporting influences the downloads or citations received by qualitative articles. Design/methodology/approach: Methodological reporting practices were identified through content analysis of 318 qualitative articles published in three major service research journals and comparison with prior methodological literature. Regression analysis was used to test how the level of methodological reporting influences article downloads and citations. Findings: The study identifies 29 reporting practices related to 9 key methodological reporting areas. The overall level of methodological reporting in published qualitative articles has increased over time. While differences in the level of reporting between service journals persist, they are narrowing. The level of methodological reporting did not influence downloads or citations of qualitative articles. Research limitations/implications: Service scholars using qualitative methods should pay attention to methodological reporting as it can improve the chances of being published. Factors such as theoretical contributions are likely to have a greater influence on article impact than methodological reporting. Originality/value: No prior study has explored methodological reporting practices across different qualitative methodologies or how reporting influences article impact. For authors, reviewers and editors, the study provides an inventory of reporting practices relevant for evaluating qualitative articles, which should lower barriers for qualitative methods in service research by providing practical guidelines on what to focus on when reporting and assessing qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planetary Health (PH) is a relatively new field that studies the sciences behind the interaction between the environment, living organisms, and human health. The number of publications in this field has increased exponentially in the past few years. This study analyzed the trend of using the term "PH" in literature. We searched PubMed for all publications (APP) and those mentioning Planetary Health (APmPH) without limitations on text availability, dates, or species. The publication trend was estimated using the average annual percent change (AAPC). Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 identified periods with statistically distinct log‐linear trends in publication numbers over time. Bonferroni adjustment determined significant trend shifts. The time frame of the retrieved APP and APmPH results ranged from 2002 to 2022 with a publication boom since 2017. The most common study designs were reviews, followed by comments and editorials. The APP, APmPH, and the proportion of APmPH to APP steadily increased from 2002 to 2022, with an AAPC of 6.0% (95% CI: 4.4%–7.6%, p < 0.001), 35.7 (95% CI: 21.3%–51.9%, p < 0.001), and 28.1% (95% CI: 15.2–42.5, p < 0.001), respectively. The term "PH" is increasingly prominent in academic literature, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary efforts. Its growing usage also highlights the need for recognition in Medical Subject Headings by the National Library of Medicine. Plain Language Summary: Planetary Health (PH) is a new field that looks at how the environment, living organisms, and human health interact. Recently, the number of studies on PH has grown rapidly. This study examined how often the term "PH" appears in academic papers. We searched PubMed, a medical database for published papers, for all publications and those mentioning PH, without any limits on the availability of the text, dates, or species. We used a specific statistical method to identify trends in publication numbers from 2002 to 2022, noting a significant increase since 2017. Most studies were conducted secondarily to other published studies. This means that these studies did not primarily involve new data collection. Rather, they were reviews (of published materials), comments (on published articles), or editorials. The number of PH‐related publications has been rising steadily, with a notable increase in recent years. The growing prominence of "PH" in literature shows the importance of interdisciplinary research and the need for its recognition in medical subject headings by the National Library of Medicine. Key Points: Planetary Health (PH) is a new field that studies interactions between the environment, organisms, and human healthPH publications have grown exponentially, especially since 2017, highlighting the increasing academic interestThe prominence of "PH" marks the need for formal recognition in Medical Subject Headings by the National Library of Medicine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of T2DM has been increasing dramatically over recent decades, about 537 million people in 2021. LADA type diabetes, a subtype of diabetes that exhibits characteristics of both T2DM and autoimmune beta‐cell destruction similar to T1DM, but with a later onset. The aim of this study is to analyze the main research field on LADA type, including analysis of countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords. This research utilized a descriptive bibliometric design. We collected and analyzed data from 672 publications indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, covering the period from 1994 to January 2024. The bibliometric analysis included English‐language research articles that involved studies on patients with LADA type diabetes, aged 18 years or older. RStudio and the Bibliometrix R package were used for data merging and for performing statistical and visual analyses. The annual publication shows an upward trend over the period, with the highest number of publications per year in 2021. The study showed that China leads in the number of articles, with 101 papers published. The United Kingdom demonstrates significant international collaborations, particularly with Germany. The top institutions in terms of the number of published articles are the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in the Kingdom of Norway, followed by the Central South University in China. Tuomi has shown significant long‐term publication impact, while Zhou ranks among the most frequently cited authors. Diabetes Care is one of the most important scientific journals in diabetology with the highest impact factor of 16.2. This abstract summarizes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis that provides insights into the global research field of LADA type, underscoring the importance of international collaboration and the significant contributions of leading countries and institutions in shaping our understanding of this complex subtype of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusion While there are no widely accepted diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) metrics for journals, geographic and sex diversity across a journal's editorial board may provide a surrogate measure of its commitment to DEI. We explored the association between journal quality and DEI metrics for cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) journals and investigated whether editorial diversity correlates with diversity across published articles.We collected the following data for 30 CTS journals: country of publication (categorized by income level), journal quality metrics (citation‐based metrics, e.g., impact factor (IF) or H‐index), and sex and geographic representation across editorial boards and published articles. Bivariate correlations between numeric variables were assessed using Spearman's correlation.Female representation across editorial boards was 12.1%. Most editorial board members belonged to the United States (35.2%), with only 7.4% from the lower‐middle‐income countries and 0% from low‐income countries. IF showed a strong positive correlation with female editorial representation (r = 0.70) but an inverse correlation with low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) editorial representation (r = −0.45). Female editorial representation demonstrated a significant positive correlation with female first authorship (r = 0.45), whereas LMIC editorial representation correlated strongly with LMIC corresponding authorship (r = 0.85).Women and researchers from LMICs are in the minority across editorial boards of CTS journals. However, a strong correlation between journal H‐index and female editorial representation indicates that top‐ranked journals are spearheading efforts to improve equitable sex‐based and gender representations. Similar efforts are required to ensure more global geographic representation across editorial boards and top‐ranked CTS journals are the best placed to lead by example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage. Background: Attachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information. Method: We included 68 studies (N = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta‐analysis. Results: People high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (d = −0.129, p = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment‐related, and during late‐stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress. Conclusion: Our findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To summarize the prevalence of Long COVID symptoms among the general population reported in published articles from the pre-omicron SARS-CoV2 era. This narrative review examined 21 symptoms. Methods: A PubMed/manual search returned 114 articles on general Long COVID symptoms. Manuscripts were excluded if they were not research studies, did not report symptom prevalence, or used a pediatric population. Ninety-eight studies were selected for review and fifty-nine met the criteria for inclusion. The risk of bias was assessed with the Hoy critical appraisal tool. Results: After excluding studies with a high risk of bias, meta-analysis of prevalence for 21 symptom categories ranged from 2.6–28.7% in studies based on surveys to 0.3–7.1% in studies based on electronic health record data. Conclusions: Long COVID symptom studies are limited by the variability in study design and representation of the general population. Further research is needed to effectively cluster symptoms in meaningful ways that enable focused treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graduate course "Principles and Applications of Immunological Technology" at the University of Science and Technology of China abandons the traditional teaching ways of experimental technology courses and focuses on the cultivation of students' research ethics and styles based on their needs. In the course design, emphasis should be placed on the continuity of the course, and introduces the principles and applications of different experiments through published articles focusing on a single theme to cultivate students' logical thinking and experimental design abilities. The study of the course helps students to quickly adapt the research environment, and guides them to establish correct research concepts and moral standards. The course also teaches standardized experimental methods that cultivate good research qualities and rigorous logical thinking, and lays a solid foundation for their future research path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to highlight the trends in the minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) research field from the bibliometrics perspective. The articles and reviews from 2002 to 2022 were manually retrieved from Scopus based on predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 296 articles for robotics and 13 articles for AI were included in the final analysis. All publication records were imported and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer. An increase in the number of publications per year was observed in the last five years. For robotics, the United States published the largest number of articles (161), but the Netherlands had the highest total citations (1216). Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China, was the most prolific institution. For journals, World Neurosurgery had the most publications (31), while Spine journal was the most impactful (average citation index = 86.6). Wang T.Y was the author with the most published articles (5). For AI, the United States had the greatest number of publications (10) and the highest citations (229). Global Spine Journal had the most publications (3), while Spine had the most citations (112). Kim J.S. was the most cited author (102). Recent keywords mainly focused on techniques and prognoses using these modalities in MISS. There were relatively fewer collaborations among countries. An increasing trend in publications regarding robotics and AI use reflects the recent MISS technique advancements. Our findings can provide useful information to identify potential research fronts in the coming years. Enhanced collaboration on an international level should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language learning has been transformed by the use of mobile learning (m-learning) technologies in educational settings, especially with growing interest in improving productive skills. Considering m-learning as a prominent menace, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of m-learning tools on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' English writing proficiency. This study offers a thorough review of modern m-learning tactics and technologies. Three research questions were developed to frame this investigation. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) technique was used to assess and categorize 21 selected papers published between 2013 and 2023 from the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The subject of the study and methodologies were assessed by the content analysis of published articles. Convenience, enhanced engagement, motivation, self-paced learning, learning autonomy, and interactivity were the other six main study findings that were found. Consequently, this review can serve as a starting point for future research projects aimed at managing m-learning as well as new avenues of investigation for the development of English writing abilities. Finally, some recommendations for further research are included in the conclusion section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the development of productivity and efficiency analysis techniques, extensive research on the performance of hospitals has been conducted in the last few decades. In this article, we conduct a systematic review supported by a series of bibliometric analyses to obtain a panoramic perspective of the research about the productivity and efficiency of hospitals—a cornerstone of the healthcare system—with a focus on Australia and its peers, i.e., the UK, Canada, New Zealand, and Hong Kong. We focus on the bibliometric data in Scopus from 1970 to 2023 and provide a qualitative and critical analysis of major methods and findings in selected published journal articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 6 February 2023, the destructive earthquakes (EQs) occurred in Kahramanmaras Turkey with the maximum magnitude 7.8. In this paper, based on multi-source satellite observations, we investigated the pre-seismic anomalies of infrared radiation and ionosphere, and analyzed the coupling features of multi-parameter anomalies in temporal evolution and spatial distribution. Analysis results indicated that in the vicinity of the epicenter, the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies observed from NOAA-18 satellite were very obvious in January 2023, and the ionospheric plasma anomalies observed from CSES and SWARM satellites were significantly detected on 30 January 2023, which were probably the precursor signals of the impending main shock. Combined with the analysis results of crustal deformation and atmospheric compositions for the Turkey EQs in published articles, we believed that crustal stress changes and rock ruptures in the boundaries between the Arabian and African plates and the Anatolian block were more likely to cause the pre-seismic anomalies in infrared radiation, atmosphere and ionosphere. The observed anomalies had a clear coupling relationship, and represented the stage changes of seismogenic process for the Turkey EQs. In addition, the satellite remote sensing technology is very helpful for us to monitor the multi-parameter variations in lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere, better verify the correlation of pre-seismic anomalies in Earth's multi-sphere structures, and further promote the research on the multi-sphere anomaly coupling mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on ongoing assessment practices in Teaching Sociology since its recognition for high-quality interdisciplinary content, highlighting a study that analyzed published articles from January 2016 to October 2024. Topics include the prevalence of student impressions as the primary assessment data used in published research; and the inclusion of both student impressions and products in some studies.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge to European governance systems, testing their capacity to respond effectively to a multifaceted crisis. We conducted a systematic search between January and February 2023 of originally published articles from three electronic databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and OECD iLibrary, including papers that were published in the last decade. This review provides a concise overview of the key aspects of European governance in the face of the pandemic. It discusses the initial hurdles in coordination and solidarity among member states, the strain on healthcare systems, economic repercussions, and the imperative for digital transformation. The review presents the current scope of research, highlights the limitation, and provides recommendations for future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous challenges to which family firms are subjected have led research in this field to focus on various aspects, thus generating a large and heterogeneous body of literature. This paper describes the evolution, status, and trends in family business literature over the decade 2012–2022 and also identifies gaps that may require further investigation. In that regard, new opportunities for additional analyses are also determined. To this end, a bibliometric study has been carried out based on a collection of articles from the Business Source Premier, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, yielding a total of 4064 articles. We analyze the main indicators of activity in family business research over the aforementioned period. The most productive authors and institutions, leading journals, and main research topics of these publications are reflected in this analysis. Likewise, the relationships between the most frequent co-authorships within the field are mapped, as well as the connections between co-words in published articles. In addition, the 10 most influential works published during those 10 years and changes in trends related to the most popular topics, in contrast to previous years, are also highlighted. Plain English Summary: Trends in the field of family business research have changed over the last decade, with "entrepreneurship and innovation" becoming the most researched topic. Our work updates knowledge on how family business studies have evolved and highlights the current lack of micro-research on this subject. Thus, by recognizing the importance of micro-level variables and underexplored areas, this paper paves the way for further scholarly inquiry in this discipline. As they conduct their own investigations and contribute to the growing body of knowledge in this area, researchers and scholars in this field will benefit from the insights provided in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript critically assesses progress in tourist experience research. A systematic review of 356 published articles on the tourist experience revealed studies are predominantly guided by the positivist paradigm, psychology-oriented, and survey-based. Quantitative methods dominated by structural equation modelling are prevalent, with advanced methodological approaches emerging, but still in their infancy. Five macro-level trends are articulated to advance discourse on the tourist experience, specifically: an internationalization of authorship; a movement from atheoretical to theoretical; a shift from single to multi-subject view; a trend from correlation analysis to causal inference; and a transformation from behaviourism to cognitivism. This research develops a conceptual model, termed the I-T-A (Issues-Trends-Avenues) framework, to apply the macro-level trends to shape a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foodservice firms are adopting varied technologies to enhance their operational efficiency and sustain their competitive position. The literature has discussed technological enhancements and their adoption in the foodservice industry. However, the intellectual structure of technology adoption in foodservice industry is not well defined. Therefore, the present research attempts to map the evolution, themes, and intellectual structure of technology adoption within the foodservice industry. The study uses extant literature published at the intersection of technology and foodservice research. The Scopus database is used to extract the information from published article. Using the defined keywords, the study performs a bibliometric and topic modeling analysis on the extracted data from 653 articles. The study maps the evolution and identifies prominent author(s), journal(s), and most cited work in the area. Furthermore, the study develops the intellectual structure of technology adoption in foodservice research. The intellectual structure comprises five topics, including the application of technologies, digital transformation, optimizing the supply chain, customer insights, and human-robot interaction. The study provides future research directions and implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate data extraction is a key component of evidence synthesis and critical to valid results. The advent of publicly available large language models (LLMs) has generated interest in these tools for evidence synthesis and created uncertainty about the choice of LLM. We compare the performance of two widely available LLMs (Claude 2 and GPT‐4) for extracting pre‐specified data elements from 10 published articles included in a previously completed systematic review. We use prompts and full study PDFs to compare the outputs from the browser versions of Claude 2 and GPT‐4. GPT‐4 required use of a third‐party plugin to upload and parse PDFs. Accuracy was high for Claude 2 (96.3%). The accuracy of GPT‐4 with the plug‐in was lower (68.8%); however, most of the errors were due to the plug‐in. Both LLMs correctly recognized when prespecified data elements were missing from the source PDF and generated correct information for data elements that were not reported explicitly in the articles. A secondary analysis demonstrated that, when provided selected text from the PDFs, Claude 2 and GPT‐4 accurately extracted 98.7% and 100% of the data elements, respectively. Limitations include the narrow scope of the study PDFs used, that prompt development was completed using only Claude 2, and that we cannot guarantee the open‐source articles were not used to train the LLMs. This study highlights the potential for LLMs to revolutionize data extraction but underscores the importance of accurate PDF parsing. For now, it remains essential for a human investigator to validate LLM extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examined the publication performance of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia in the 24 social science categories defined in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2023. Using data from Scopus, SciVal and Scimago, the authors analysed the status of regional journals and publications, the publication backlog in specific subject categories, the internal bias and the excellence of publications. According to this research Poland and the Czech Republic stand out in the region in terms of the number of Scopusindexed journals and published articles, while Hungary and Slovakia lag behind them. In terms of publication performance, this research reveals a significant lag in the number of journals and publications across the subject categories studied in elearning, human factors and ergonomics, life course and career studies and social work. The countries analysed are characterised by a high internal bias rate, especially in Poland and Hungary and a very small proportion of publications meet the criterion of excellence and the proportion of publications by the biggest publishers (Big Five) is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a widely used technique for myopia. However, regression of refraction is a common complication after long follow up periods. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of refractor regression after LASIK surgery. Methods: A systematic search on four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus) retrieved all published articles till April 2024. The studies included if they were reported in English, assessing refractive regression after LASIK. Meta-analysis was conducted using OpenMeta analyst using the random effect model with 95% confidence interval (CI). Further meta regression analysis was conducted to test the correlation between the mean regression and some risk factors like spherical equivalent and age. Results: The search yielded seven articles with 327 participants of 482 eyes. The analysis included 127 males and 159 females. The pooled analysis indicated significant regression occurs after refractive surgery P <0.001). additionally, the analysis indicated the significant association between the mean regression and spherical equivalent which mean that patients with higher degrees of myopia, more negative spherical equivalent, have higher regression of their nearsightedness following LASIK. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to provide comprehensive assessment of myopic regression following LASIK surgery. Our analysis indicated a higher incidence of refractive regression following LASIK. Also, the spherical equivalent is a significant risk factor for regression after long follow-up. Further research with more standardized protocols, with control arm, and long follow-up periods are important to investigate a wider range of risk factors that might increase the susceptibility of regression occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

That Kurt Lewin has relevance for Organization Development and Change (ODC) is the premise of this special section. This article supports that premise by looking at Lewin's published articles from the perspective of social science, change agency, and knowledge construction. These perspectives are integrated into a set of practices that demonstrate Lewin's continued relevance for the scholar-practitioner of ODC. The article concludes with suggestions for how scholar-practitioners can enact the practices. At the very least, these practices and action suggestions may stimulate dialogue on how--and for some readers, if--the Organization Development and Change community continues the legacy of Lewin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Modelling [18F]LW223 PET data using simplified imaging protocols for quantification of TSPO expression in the rat heart and brain" published in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. The correction notice addresses errors in the original article and provides the accurate information. The corrections include changes to numerical values and clarifications in the text. Additionally, some figures in the original article were incorrect and have been corrected in the notice. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral and unbiased in relation to jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Post‐publication handling of integrity concerns in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is a contentious matter. Objectives: We undertook a scoping systematic review to map the literature regarding post‐publication integrity issues in RCTs. Search Strategy and Selection Criteria: Following prospective registration (https://osf.io/pgxd8) we initially searched PubMed and Scopus but subsequently extended it to include the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases without language, article type or publication time restriction until November 2022. Reviewers independently selected published articles covering any aspect of post‐publication research integrity concerns in RCTs. Data Collection and Analysis: The study findings grouped within domains relating to issues concerning post‐publication integrity were extracted in duplicate, verified by a third reviewer, and then tabulated. Main Results: The initial search captured 3159 citations, of which 89 studies were included in the review. Cross‐sectional studies constituted the majority of included studies (n = 34, 38.2%), followed by systematic reviews (n = 10, 11.2%), methodology reviews/studies (n = 9, 10.1%) and other types of descriptive studies (n = 8, 9.0%). A total of 21 articles (23.6%) covered the domain on general issues, 25 (28.1%) in the journal's instructions and policies domain, eight (9.0%) in the editorial and peer review domain, one (1.1%) in the correspondence and complaints (post‐publication peer review) domain, 12 (13.5%) in the investigation for concerns domain, six (6.7%) in the post‐investigation decisions and sanctions domain, none in the critical appraisal guidance domain, five (5.6%) in the integrity assessment in systematic reviews domain, and 26 (29.2%) in the recommendations for future research domain. A total of 12 of the selected articles (13.5%) covered two (n = 9) or three (n = 3) different domains. Conclusions: Various research integrity domains and issues covering post‐publication aspects of RCT integrity were captured and gaps were identified, mostly related with the necessary implications for all stakeholders to improve research transparency. There is an urgent need for a multistakeholder consensus towards creating specific statements for addressing post‐publication integrity concerns in RCTs. Synopsis: Existing literature concerning post‐publication integrity issues in randomized clinical trials needs consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to conduct a review of the studies published between 2018 and 2022 to investigate radiation-related effects in the offspring of human individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. Methods: The search identified 807 publications, from which 9 studies were selected for detailed analysis to examine for effects in children whose parents were exposed to various types and doses of radiation. Results: The review does not yield substantial evidence supporting intergenerational effects of radiation exposure in humans. However, caution is required when interpreting the results due to limitations in the majority of the published articles. Conclusion: This review, covering the period 2018–2022, serves as an extension of the previous systematic review conducted by Stephens et al. (2024), which encompassed the years 1988–2018. Together, these two papers offer a comprehensive overview of the available evidence regarding the intergenerational effects of parental pre-conceptional exposure to ionizing radiation. Overall, the findings do not provide strong evidence supporting a significant association between adverse (or other) outcomes in unexposed children and parental preconception radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geocoordinates are difficult to generate and interpret and many users rely on academic articles for such data. However, their accuracy has not been assessed, and their continued use could have negative consequences. This paper assessed the accuracy of geocoordinates used to describe study areas in academic articles. The PRISMA methodology was used to select 87 articles. The results revealed that 77 (82.8%) geocoordinates had errors. The study concluded that majority of the articles misinformed the readers about the geocoordinates of their study areas. Hence, authors, editors and reviewers should pay attention to geocoordinates during the writing and review process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated STEM education is increasingly present in classrooms and in educational research, as it is proposed as a possible strategy to improve the problems of students' lack of interest in scientific–technological disciplines. However, this increased interest in STEM education has been paralleled by a loss of cohesion in the interpretations of its theoretical basis and by an ongoing discussion on integrated STEM education's foundations, making its understanding, translation into real projects, and evaluation difficult to undertake. Published articles defining a STEM theoretical framework have different descriptions, so the aim of this systematic literature review is to analyse these explanations and compare them with each other. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 27 articles of interest about STEM and STEAM education were obtained and analysed with a focus on the principles and characteristics described in the texts. After organising the information and analysing the similarities and differences in the principles and characteristics, we concluded that there is great consensus on the principles of "integration", "real-world problems", "inquiry", "design", and "teamwork". Nonetheless, this review identifies areas of discussion regarding both the principles and their characteristics that invite further analysis to refine our understanding of what integrated STEM education should entail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Ocular trauma (OT) is a a major cause of ocular morbidity and blindness. This study was systematically conducted to determine the factors contributing to OT in Iran. Methods: In this study, a systematic review of all published articles in Persian and English languages from 2000 to 2023 was conducted to investigate the factors affecting OT in Iran. The included studies encompassed cross‐sectional, cohort, and case‐control designs. Articles were selected from internationally recognized databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as Persian databases such as SID and Magiran. The search strategy involved using keywords aligned with the (MeSH) terms, such as "oculars," "trauma," and "Iran." Initially, 403 articles were identified, and ultimately, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. To ensure the prevention of bias and assess the quality of the selected articles, the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was utilized. Result: In the present study, the majority of individuals in the reviewed articles were categorized as having mild eye injuries (13.8%). A higher percentage of injuries was observed in males compared to females, and a higher prevalence of injuries was also observed in the age group of over 30 years compared to other age groups. Among the mechanical causes, sharp trauma had the highest prevalence rate (72.5%), while falls had the lowest prevalence rate (14%), followed by sport‐related injuries (29%). Non‐mechanical injuries were mentioned in only one article and had a prevalence rate of 1.5% Conclusion: The results of the current research have shown that among the mechanical injuries, accidents involving motorcycles and sharp objects are the leading causes of OT in Iranians. Therefore, the use of protective equipment such as goggles and adherence to traffic laws play a particularly important role, especially in men higher the age of 30. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted educational and preventive measures to reduce OT in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is challenging for practitioners to navigate through the multitude of life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches due to the rich literature and a lack of systematisation. The LCA flexibility allowed by standards results in a multitude of applications and, as referred to in previous works, as an "alphabet soup". This paper proposes a scheme for a clearer classification of currently used LCA approaches, with consideration of the 4-stage framework coming from standards. Methods: This systematisation was first established through literature research serving as a preliminary tentative framework. A text mining task was carried out in a second stage, involving 2044 published articles among 7558 of the last 10 years. For text mining, a dictionary collected keywords and synonyms of the LCA approaches. Such keywords were then extracted from the text together with their context (multiword). The final multiword analysis allowed the association of each keyword (i.e. each LCA approach) with a specific LCA stage (Goal and Scope, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Interpretation). The preliminary framework was adapted, further enriched and validated based on the text mining results. Results: As a result of the text mining activities, the preliminary tentative framework was partially confirmed and enriched with new insights, especially in the field of "explorative" LCA approaches, which also include "prospective" and "scenario-based" LCA. For most of the currently used LCA approaches, a link to a unique LCA stage was not recorded. However, clear trends were detected. The text mining task also highlighted a high number of works in which different approaches are compared or counterposed, especially in the field of attributional and consequential LCA. Some issues were found with the connotations of "traditional" approaches, which could be defined more specifically as "non-explorative". Conclusions: Unlike other works focused on notions from selected literature, text mining activities can provide bottom-up feedback on a larger scale more automatically. In addition, this work brought out novel LCA approaches, for which future developments will confirm a final definition and systematisation. As an additional advantage, the presented methodology is easily replicable. Hence, the presented framework can be updated along with developments in LCA approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article assesses the evidence for the efficacy of bike fit and its impact on cyclist’s posture in averting overuse injuries in cycling and provides a summary of research using a biomechanical approach to give evaluations of joint kinematics, kinetics, or muscle activity. Databases were searched for published material like Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar between 1980 and 2023. Posture, bike fit, and biomechanics of cycling were few keywords used. Twenty-four published articles were included in this review. Clearance of 1–2 inches should be present between the ground and tyres when the bike is lifted while straddling it, for straight and parallel to ground top tubes and sloping top tubes, respectively. Handlebar height should be 1–2 inches below the top of the saddle. The reach of the handlebars should be measured by placing an elbow on the tip of saddle and extended fingers should touch the transverse part of the handlebars. The ball of foot should sit over the pedal axis. In cyclist’s seated position, the knee flexion angle of the extended leg at 6 o’clock position should be 25–30∘. With pedals at 3 and 9 o’clock, the front of the patella should be directly in line with the front of the crank arm. About 10 to 15∘ anterior saddle tilt significantly reduces low back discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer disease and the global report revealed that half of the world's population lives with undiagnosed hypertension. The problem is expected to be worse in low-income countries such as in Horn of Africa countries. Thus, we planned to determine the trend, burden, and determinates of undiagnosed hypertension in this region and provide conclusive and tangible evidence for interventions. Method: Articles were searched on Google, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the published articles' reference list. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment. A sensitivity test and I2 statistics were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity. The Begg's statistics in the random effect model were done to evaluate the publication bias. Result: The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa was 17% (95% CI: 15%–20%) and it ranges from from 13% in 2006 to 20% in 2023. A trip time to a medical institution of less than 35 minutes (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35–0.79), no regular exercise (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.54–3.32), age > = 45 years (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.66–3.8), age 35–44 years (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.5–2.37), male (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34–2.2), poor knowledge (OR = 3.29, 95%CI: 2.39,4.53), normal BMI (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.96–4.98), Overweight (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 2.96–4.98), poor health seeking (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 2.01–3.86), low vegetable consumers (OR = 1.99, 95%CI:1.36–2.91), smoking (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.13–1.93), high triglyceride (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.33–2.52), chat chewing (OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.54–3.09), and alcohol drinking (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.32–2.33) were the determinats of undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion and recommendation: The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was low in the Horn of Africa but its trend was increased over time. Individual level variables were identified that affect the undiagnosed hypertension. Therefore, healthy lifestyle is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the reliability of L2 listening tests and explore potential factors affecting the reliability, a reliability generalization (RG) meta-analysis was conducted in the present study. A total number of 122 alpha coefficients of L2 listening tests from 92 published articles were collected and submitted to a linear mixed effects RG analysis. The papers were coded based on a coding scheme consisting of 16 variables classified into three categories: study features, test features, and statistical results. The results showed an average reliability of 0.818 (95% CI: 0.803 to 0.833), with 40% of reliability estimates falling below the lower bound of CI. The presence of publication bias and heterogeneity was found in the reliability of L2 listening tests, indicating that low reliability coefficients were likely omitted from some published studies. In addition, two factors predicting the reliability of L2 listening tests were the number of items and test type (standardized and researcher- or teacher-designed tests). The study also found that reliability is not a moderator of the relationship between L2 listening scores and theoretically relevant constructs. Reliability induction was identified in reporting the reliability of L2 listening tests, too. Implications for researchers and teachers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current international consensus of the appropriate Beighton score cut-off to define if a child has generalised joint hypermobile or not is based upon expert opinion. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of Beighton scores of children worldwide to provide a recommendation for establishing the Beighton score cut-off to identify generalised joint hypermobility in children. We used AMED, OVID Medline, Embase and CINAHL to find published articles from inception to April 2024 describing Beighton scores of children up to and including 18 years from the general population. We extracted study demographics including country of publication, total number of participants, summary data about the age and sex of participant, Beighton scores and any cut-off used where authors deemed children hypermobile and how many children were rated at the corresponding Beighton scores. There were 37 articles reporting on the prevalence or incidence of hypermobility at cut-off scores from 28,868 participants. Using the cut-off of ≥ 6 resulted in a prevalence of 6% for studies reporting male data and 13% for studies reporting female data. Limited data reporting availability precluded further sub-analysis at a Beighton score of ≥ 7, age, pubertal status and ethnicity. Conclusion: The working threshold for identifying generalised joint hypermobility in children should be a Beighton score of 6 or more. Our analysis also suggests a Beighton score of 7 or greater may be appropriate in childhood, particularly for females. What is Known: • The working threshold for identifying generalised joint hypermobility in children previously was set based on expert opinion. What is New: • The threshold to identify hypermobility in children should be at a minimum of ≥ 6 on the Beighton score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the postmortem interval estimation still represents one of the main goals of forensic medicine, there are still several limitations that weigh on the methods most used for its determination: for this reason, even today, precisely estimating the postmortem interval remains one of the most important challenges in the forensic pathology field. To try to overcome these limitations, in recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the potential use of the mRNA degradation time for reaching a more precise post mortem interval (PMI) estimation. An evidence-based systematic review of the literature has been conducted to evaluate the state of the art of the knowledge focusing on the potential correlation between mRNA degradation and PMI estimation. The research has been performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus. The analysis conducted made it possible to confirm the potential applicability of mRNA for reaching a more precise PMI estimation. The analysis of the results highlighted the usefulness of some mRNAs, such as β-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA, especially in short time frames, within a few hours or days of death. The matrices on which these analyses were conducted were also analyzed, resulting in less exposure to the external environment, including the heart, brain, and dental pulp. The major limitations were also reported, including the short time intervals analyzed in most of the articles, the lack of mathematical models, and the failure to report the error rate between the mRNA degradation time and PMI. Given the still small number of published articles, the lack of globally recognized standardized methods, and the numerous techniques used to evaluate the mRNA degradation times, numerous and larger studies are still necessary to reach more solid and shared evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]