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The Snell dwarf mouse (Pit1dw/dw), an animal model of congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency, displays skeletal muscle weakness. While enhanced responsivity to repeated exposures of muscle contractions have been documented for Snell dwarf mice, the response following single exposure to distinct contraction protocols remained uncharacterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle recovery of Snell dwarf and control littermate mice following a single exposure to two separate protocols—an intermittent slow velocity (30°/s) contraction protocol or a continuous rapid velocity (500°/s) contraction protocol. Following both protocols for control mice, torque values were 30% and 80% of pre‐protocol values at 5 min and 3 days, respectively. At 10 days, performance returned to baseline for the 30°/s protocol and were depressed for the 500°/s protocol. For Snell dwarf mice following both protocols, torques were depressed to 5% of pre‐protocol values at 5 min and returned to baseline by 3 days. Recovery following the 30°/s protocol for control mice and both protocols for Snell dwarf mice coincided with increased transcriptional output, upregulation of cytokine‐mediated signaling genes, and a distribution shift to smaller muscle fibers with reduced area per nucleus. These features represent efficacious remodeling ubiquitous across distinct contraction paradigms in the context of the Pit1 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Art of Healing / Sztuka Leczenia is the property of Jagiellonian University Medical College and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Exercise therapy is a popular non-surgical treatment to help manage individuals with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) and is recommended in all clinical practice guidelines. Due to modest effect sizes, low quality evidence, uncertainty relating to efficacy, and mechanism(s) of benefit, exercise as a therapeutic intervention has been the subject of increasing scrutiny., Aims: The aim of this critical review is to lay out where the purported uncertainties of exercise for RCRSP exist by exploring the relevant quantitative and qualitative literature. We conclude by offering theoretical and practical considerations to help reduce the uncertainty of delivering exercise therapy in a clinical environment., Results and Discussion: Uncertainty underpins much of the theory and practice of delivering exercise therapy for individuals with RCRSP. Nonetheless, exercise is an often-valued treatment by individuals with RCRSP, when provided within an appropriate clinical context. We encourage clinicians to use a shared decision-making paradigm and embrace a pluralistic model when prescribing therapeutic exercise. This may take the form of using exercise experiments to trial different exercise approaches, adjusting, and adapting the exercise type, load, and context based on the individual's symptom irritability, preferences, and goals., Conclusion: We contend that providing exercise therapy should remain a principal treatment option for helping individuals with RCRSP. Limitations notwithstanding, exercise therapy is relatively low cost, accessible, and often valued by individuals with RCRSP. The uncertainty surrounding exercise therapy requires ongoing research and emphasis could be directed towards investigating causal mechanisms to better understand how exercise may benefit an individual with RCRSP., (© 2024 The Authors. Musculoskeletal Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This review highlights the increasing interest in one of the natural compounds called saponins, for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing inflammation which is a key factor in various chronic diseases. It delves into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of these amphiphilic compounds, prevalent in plant-based foods and marine organisms. Their structures vary with soap-like properties influencing historical uses in traditional medicine and sparking renewed scientific interest. Recent research focuses on their potential in chronic inflammatory diseases, unveiling molecular actions such as NF-κB and MAPK pathway regulation and COX/LOX enzyme inhibition. Saponin-containing sources like Panax ginseng and soybeans suggest novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The review explores their emerging role in shaping the gut microbiome, influencing composition and activity, and contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. Specific examples, such as Panax notoginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, illustrate the intricate relationship between saponins, the gut microbiome, and their collective impact on immune regulation and metabolic health. Despite promising findings, the review emphasizes the need for further research to comprehend the mechanisms behind anti-inflammatory effects and their interactions with the gut microbiome, underscoring the crucial role of a balanced gut microbiome for optimal health and positioning saponins as potential dietary interventions for managing chronic inflammatory conditions., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)