Search

El pastoreo trashumante en el departamento de Malargüe (Mendoza, Argentina) es un modo de vida cultural basado en una doble estrategia de subsistencia tradicional y gestión ambiental de las montañas. En este artículo presentamos una aproximación a ese sistema socioecológico pastoril en el sur provincial. A partir de un trabajo etnográfico con familias puesteras ubicadas en la cuenca del Río Grande, hacemos una descripción de la trashumancia y las consecuencias de una fragmentación en la aplicación de las políticas públicas orientadas a la actividad pastoril, sumadas a las amenazas externas hacia la cría caprina. En la conclusión se resalta la urgencia científico-política de concretar un programa de investigación e intervención estatal de cara al desarrollo y la sostenibilidad del modo de vida trashumante.

Existe una amplia indagación que documenta cómo el proceso de expansión del capital ha modificado los modos de vida campesinos e indígenas a escala planetaria; sin embargo, al momento de pensar las territorialidades rurales en el horizonte de crisis neoliberal, irrumpen nudos teóricos y metodológicos que requieren una indagación política sobre la formación social abigarrada. El presente artículo se cuestiona por las condiciones teórico-políticas que rodean un trabajo etnográfico en ruralidades cuyas estructuras sociales capitalistas no han logrado desarrollarse en su totalidad y conviven con formas jurídicas y sociales de formación precapitalistas. A partir de una propuesta metodológica etnográfica que combina conceptualización teórica, análisis documental y observación participante en territorios rurales campesinos e indígenas de Malargüe (Mendoza, Argentina), se aportan aquí elementos para una noción de ‘etnografía abigarrada’ como modalidad emergente del estudio antropológico, político y sociológico del universo campesino e indígena en América Latina.

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes in the different stages of fruit processing are becoming a differentiating factor in coffee quality. Currently, generating delays in the processing of the fruit, that is, reserve, is a practice that can modify the sensory profile of the beverage. In this study, the fruit was reserved in three stages of maturity, two temperatures (15° and 20°C) and at two timepoints (24 and 48 h), establishing its chemical composition and sensory characteristics using analytical techniques such as liquid and gas chromatography. The state of maturity 1 showed an effect on malic and quinic acids due to the interaction of temperature and reserve time, while stage of maturity 3 showed an effect on glucose and fructose. The state of maturity 2 showed an effect of the reserve time on the same compounds of states 1 and 3, in addition to the content of defective beans and sucrose. The sensory quality expressed as the total SCA (Specialty Coffee Association) score and the attributes did not show treatments effect, the reserve of the fruit under the evaluated conditions presents an effect on the descriptors of the flavor. Extending the fruit reserve time from 24 to 48 h showed an increase in the groups of flavor descriptors associated with fruit and red fruits from 33.33 to 66.66% and from 34.04 to 65.95%. This implies that the constituent parts of the fruit such as the exocarp and mesocarp interact with the bean, leading to changes in the chemical composition and the improvement of the qualitative complexity of the sensory quality. This is a consequence of the increase in the frequency of the flavor descriptors of the fruit and red fruit category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) is commonly defined as the lack of response to two or more antidepressants with different mechanisms of action. Up to 30% of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder might be considered to present TRD. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of esketamine in patients diagnosed with TRD, who were referred to our program after exhausting all available treatments. A secondary objective consisted in researching the relationship between response and previous use of electroconvulsive therapy. Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out in patients enrolled in the expanded use of esketamine in our center. They received esketamine prior to its marketing authorisation, for therapeutic purposes. Sixteen subjects were analyzed. Effectiveness was assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). Patients were followed up to 4 months after the administration. Results: Esketamine showed a rapid, robust effect in improving depressive symptoms, with no specific correlation between outcome and any demographic or clinical traits evaluated. No differences were found between patients that previously received Electroconvulsive Therapy, and those that didn’t. 10 out of 16 patients responded (＞ 50% change in baseline MADRS scores), but only five achieved remission (＜ 12 points in the global MADRS score). We provide some recommendations, based on clinical experience, to improve tolerability and adherence, and to manage adverse effects. Conclusion: Results suggest that esketamine is a safe, effective and rapid-acting option for TRD. More studies are needed to properly assess predictors of response outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the concept of force steadiness in muscle contractions, focusing on the introduction of "yank" as a potential alternative metric to quantify force smoothness. It discusses the differences between yank and traditional measures like coefficient of variation, challenges in its implementation such as non-normalization, and the need for further validation to establish its reliability and utility in assessing muscle force control.