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Background: Radiography is essential in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning, with two-dimensional imaging such as panoramic and periapical radiographs being commonly used. The advancement to three-dimensional imaging, specifically Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), provides more detailed visualization but remains underutilized due to limited availability and knowledge among dentists in Indonesia. Purpose: This research is aimed to determine the knowledge and experience of using 2D and 3D diagnostic imaging among dentists in Surabaya. Methods: This research is using an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design consisting of 100 dentists who are domiciled in Surabaya and registered with PDGI in Surabaya. Results: The result showed that dentists’ knowledge of 2D diagnostic imaging with a good category has a percentage of 18%, quite good category with 49% and poor category with 33%. Meanwhile, the dentists’ knowledge of 3D diagnostic imaging with a good category has a percentage of 9%, quite good category with 36% and poor category with 55%. Around 88% of respondents have referred their patients for panoramic and periapical radiographs, while only about 22% of dentists have referred their patients for CBCT examinations. Conclusion: The knowledge of dentists regarding 2D diagnostic imaging is quite good, while the knowledge of dentists regarding 3D diagnostic imaging is low. The majority of dentists in Surabaya often refer their patients for panoramic and periapical radiographic examinations compared to referring them for CBCT examinations.

Abstract Background Healthcare simulation is critical for medical education, with traditional methods using simulated patients (SPs). Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) offer new possibilities with AI-based simulators, introducing limitless opportunities for simulation-based training. This study compares AI-based simulators and SPs in undergraduate medical education, particularly in history-taking skills development. Methods A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to identify the effectiveness of delivering a simulation session around history-taking skills to 67 fifth-year medical students in their clinical years of study. Students will be assigned randomly to either an AI-simulator group (intervention) or a simulated patient group (control), both will undergo a history-taking simulation scenario. An Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) will measure the primary outcomes. In contrast, secondary outcomes including student satisfaction and engagement, will be evaluated following the validated Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M). The statistical approach engaged in this study will include independent t-tests for group performance comparison and multiple imputations to handle missing data. Discussion This study’s findings will provide valuable insights into the comparative advantages of artificial intelligence-based simulators and simulated patients. Results will guide decisions regarding integrating AI-based simulators into healthcare education and training programs. Hybrid models might be considered by institutions in the light of this study, providing diverse and effective simulation experiences to optimize learning outcomes. Furthermore, this work can prepare the ground for future research that addresses the readiness of AI-based simulators to become a core part of healthcare education.

Fiber optic research continues to develop due to the need for fast information technology. The input signal in an optical fiber is in the form of a soliton wave that propagates in the fiber with a balanced index of refraction, dispersion, and diffraction. Fiber optics may lose some of the signal over time if they solely use a nonlinear refractive index. This study aims to examine into the dynamics and decoherence of multi-peak solitons caused by electromagnetic signal attenuation and potential trap in the propagation via optical fibers. The methods used start with the stationary solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger Cubic Quintic equation, the Newton-Raphson method, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta. In stationary solutions, the p (state energy) and ρ (Lèvy index) values affect the number, pulse width, and height of soliton peaks. Increased p and ρ values lead to increased instability, causing the data transmitted into the optical fiber to collapse and become unreadable by the receiver. In the excited state (p > 0), the decoherence phenomenon occurs and causes wave instability and destruction. In term of energy intensity, a stable form of transmission in the ground state has a pattern of continuously weakening, decreasing, and smoothing, while in the excited state there is a spike in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. Based on this study, multi-peak solitons can only be applied for propagation distances, which tend to be short due to their dynamics and decoherence.

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are common complications encountered in pregnancy that affect between 5% and 15% of pregnancies worldwide. Some studies have associated adherence to a diet with a high acid load with an increased risk of HDPs. This study investigates the association between Dietary Acid Load (DAL) and the incidence of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension (HTN), and gestational hypertension (GHTN). Methods Pregnant women aged 18 to 45 in the first trimester of pregnancy were selected and followed up until delivery. Diet was evaluated using a 168-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After calculating the DAL score, the inverse probability weight of the propensity scores, estimated from augmented generalized models, was used to obtain a causal risk ratio (RR) adjusted for potential confounders. Results Out of 1,856 women, 92 (4.95%) developed preeclampsia. The potential renal acid load (PRAL) score ranged from − 16.14 to 0.58, while the net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score ranged from 34.61 to 50.15. Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between PRAL and preeclampsia in the first (aRR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.49, p = 0.048) and third (aRR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.81, p = 0.030) quartiles compared to the reference group (Q2). No significant linear association was found in continuous analyses. For chronic HTN, significant associations were observed in the first (aRR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.42, p = 0.014) and fourth (aRR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.37, 9.71, p

Abstract Background The encapsulation of metagenome-derived multi-enzymes presents a novel approach to improving poultry feed by enhancing nutrient availability and reducing anti-nutritional factors. By integrating and encapsulated enzymes such as carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, protease, lipase, and laccase into feed formulations, this method not only improves feed digestibility but also potentially contributes to animal health and productivity through antimicrobial properties. Results This study investigates the encapsulation of metagenome-derived enzymes, including carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, protease, lipase, and laccase, using Arabic and Guar gums as encapsulating agents. The encapsulated multi-enzymes exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, achieving a 92.54% inhibition rate against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 6 U/mL. Fluorescence tracking with FITC-labeled enzymes confirmed efficient encapsulation and distribution, while physical characterization, including moisture content and solubility assessments, along with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging, validated successful encapsulation. The encapsulated enzymes also effectively hydrolyzed poultry feed, leading to an increase in phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as confirmed by 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Conclusions The encapsulated multi-enzymes improved the overall feed quality by increasing reducing sugars and enhancing physical properties such as solubility and water-holding capacity. The encapsulated multi-enzymes improved the overall feed quality by increasing reducing sugars, antioxidant activity and enhancing physical properties such as solubility and water-holding capacity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirmed the enzymatic breakdown of the feed structure. These results suggest that supplementing poultry feed with encapsulated multi-enzymes can enhance its physical, nutritional, and functional properties, leading to improved digestibility and overall feed quality.

Di Indonesia, mahasiswa perantau sudah lazim ditemui. Hal ini disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa banyak mahasiswa yang menempuh pendidikan di luar daerah tempat tinggalnya, dan tinggal terpisah dari orang tua, keluarga, dan teman – temannya di kampung halaman. Berada jauh dari orang yang disayangi dan cintai dapat menyebabkan perasaan loneliness. Loneliness adalah respon emosional dan kognitif yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya hubungan yang memadai dan memuaskan dengan individu lain. Memiliki hewan peliharaan dan terjalinnya pet attachment pada hewan peliharaan merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi loneliness. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pet attachment dengan loneliness pada mahasiswa pemilik hewan peliharaan yang tinggal di kost. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Sebanyak 220 partisipan terlibat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik incidental sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Lexington Attachment to Pet Scale (LAPS) dan skala 6-Item Cross Cultural Social Isolation Scale. Hasil analisis koefisien korelasi untuk variabel pet attachment dengan loneliness = 0,332 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p0,05). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif signifikan antara pet attachment dengan loneliness pada mahasiswa pemilik hewan peliharaan yang tinggal di kost.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi SPARKS (Sistem Pusat Akses Program Kerja dan Kegiatan Mahasiswa) sebagai solusi strategis untuk mengatasi kendala penyebaran informasi, kekurangan dan kendala pada sistem Satuan Kredit Poin Mahasiswa (SKPM), serta inefisiensi pengelolaan kegiatan ormawa di Universitas UPN Veteran Jawa Timur. Dengan menggunakan metode Goals Directed Design (GDD), penelitian ini melibatkan tahapan research, modeling, requirement, framework, refinement, dan support dalam perancangan antarmuka aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan akses informasi dan ketidakjelasan kategori SKPM merupakan masalah utama yang dihadapi. Pengembangan aplikasi SPARKS diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap pengelolaan kegiatan ormawa, memfasilitasi penyebaran informasi, dan meningkatkan efisiensi proses klaim SKPM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa desain antarmuka SPARKS telah memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna dengan tampilan yang menarik, mudah digunakan, dan relevan dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa dengan skor SUS sebesar 80,3%.

Abstract In recent years, biologists and clinicians have witnessed prominent advances in in vitro 3D culture techniques related to biomimetic human/animal tissue analogs. Numerous data have confirmed that unicellular and multicellular (tumoroids) tumor spheroids with dense native cells in certain matrices are sensitive and valid analytical tools for drug screening, cancer cell dynamic growth, behavior, etc. in laboratory settings. Angiogenesis/vascularization is a very critical biological phenomenon to support oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells within the deep layer of solid masses. It has been shown that endothelial cell (EC)-incorporated or -free spheroid/tumoroid systems provide a relatively reliable biological platform for monitoring the formation of nascent blood vessels in micron/micrometer scales. Besides, the paracrine angiogenic activity of cells within the spheroid/tumoroid systems can be monitored after being treated with different therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed to collect recent advances and findings related to the monitoring of cancer angiogenesis using unicellular and multicellular tumor spheroids. Vascularized spheroids/tumoroids can help us in the elucidation of mechanisms related to cancer formation, development, and metastasis by monitoring the main influencing factors.

This research is based on the importance of entrepreneurial skills and leadership style in influencing business performance, especially for women entrepreneurs. In the age of globalization and increasingly intense competition, women entrepreneurs must possess sufficient skills and apply efficient leadership styles in order to achieve the best business outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which entrepreneurial skills and leadership styles impact the business performance of women entrepreneurs. This study involved women entrepreneurs in Bekasi district with 100 respondents randomly selected as the research sample. Information was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) technique to test the research model and hypotheses. The analysis found that entrepreneurial ability and leadership style have a major impact on firm performance. The entrepreneurial capability has been shown to make a significant contribution to improving operational efficiency and the ability to innovate, while a flexible and inspiring leadership style is able to improve team motivation and performance. It was found that it is important for women entrepreneurs to develop appropriate competencies and leadership styles to support their business success.

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the indicators to measure public health status and community welfare. In the last 3 years (2014-2016), the infant mortality rate in Sampang Regency has increased. The purpose of this study is to develop spatial-based modeling of factors affecting infant mortality rates in Sampang. Researchers used an ecological study design where secondary data came from the Health Office and the Central Bureau of Statistics in Sampang Regency. The dependent variable is infant mortality rate, while the independent variables are delivery assisted by health workers, exclusive breastfeeding coverage, neonatal complications handled, K4 visit coverage, LBW percentage, midwife to population ratio, percentage of clean and healthy household behavior. Data has been analyzed and processed using Geoda and Quantum GIS applications. Based on statistical tests, the spatial model is obtained: ŷi= -21.82+0.706 ∑(i=1,i≠j)^n wijyi-0.61* childbirth attended by health worker+0.10* neonatal complications attended by health worker+1.89* LBW babies. Each variable of childbirth assisted by health workers increased by 10, it can decrease the infant mortality rate by 6.1 cases. Each variable of neonatal complications not handled by health workers rises 10 units, it can increase the infant mortality rate by 1 case. each variable of LBW babies rises 1 unit and it can increase infant mortality cases by 1.89 cases. The results of this study can be used to reduce infant mortality rates that occur by intervening in existing factors.

Elections are one of the key moments in a country's democracy. Indonesian elections have a significant impact on regional and global politics. Twitter being one of the popular social media platforms becomes a powerful tool for political campaigns. This makes it an ideal source to analyze public opinion during the 2024 general election, particularly the upcoming Presidential Election (Pilpres). IndoBERT is the model chosen to analyse the sentiment from the dataset in this study using a zero-shot learning approach. Based on the evaluation results, the accuracy value of the 2024 presidential election classification is 0.60 (60%), tends to predict with a good value in the positive label of 0.74 (74%) for F1-Score. This model is considered quite good at predicting negative labels but the results are not too optimal with a value of 0.49 (49%). Confusion Matrix in this IndoBERT model is more likely to label tweets with positive things, by detecting negative labels quite well.

Kaempferia galanga L. rhizomes contain ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate as a major secondary metabolite compound and biomarker. Various extraction methods with different solvents can isolate ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate with potential bioactivities. This paper reported the isolation of ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate from two varieties of K. galanga L. rhizomes by maceration in n-hexane. The small and large varieties of K. galanga samples produced ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate in 1.43% and 1.84% yields, higher than other methods and polar solvents of previous research. Structural elucidation of the obtained ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate was performed by FTIR, MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopies.

Abstract Background Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on the metabolism of glucose. This study aimed to clarify the possible causal effect of the pre-pregnancy dietary phytochemical index (DPI) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods In this prospective cohort study 1,856 pregnant women aged 18–45 years who were in their first trimester, were recruited and followed up until delivery. The dietary intakes of participants were examined using an interviewer-administered validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Inverse probability weighting (IPW) of propensity scores (PS), estimated from the generalized boosted model (GBM) were used to obtain a adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for potential confounders. Results During the follow-up period, 369 (19.88%) women were diagnosed with GDM. DPI scores ranged from 6.09 to 89.45. There was no association between DPI scores and GDM (aRR: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.08; p trend = 0.922). When comparing DPI quartile 4 (most pro-phytochemical content) to quartile 1 (few phytochemical contents), there was no significant difference between them (aRR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.25; p = 0.852). Also, there was no significant difference between DPI quartile 3 and quartile 1 (aRR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.34; p = 0.741) as well as DPI quartile 2 and quartile 1 (aRR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.21; p = 0.593). Conclusions Although this data did not support the association between pre-pregnancy DPI scores and GDM, further cohort studies to ascertain the causal association between them are warranted.

Youth homelessness represents a persistent and significant challenge for service sectors with limited best practice guidance. Housing supports, in particular, are widely deployed, with the practice-oriented literature providing little detail regarding service design beyond broad domains such as employment support and life skills coaching. The present multiple case study investigation was designed to develop a preliminary understanding of the guiding principles that attend the development of interventions that support youth exiting homelessness in the Canadian context. These case studies were conducted with a diverse group of five organizations recognized as sector leaders, with findings considered in light of practice standards from the better-established adult housing literature. Key findings with respect to service models included the strategies used to provide flexible, culturally responsive, tailored services with an emphasis on specialist support. Implementation factors included the navigation of strategic partnerships, the use of data in capacity-building, and the benefits and drawbacks of larger, centralized service environments versus smaller, dispersed environments. Youth-specific considerations in housing stabilization models are highlighted. This work contributes to a growing body of literature that seeks to articulate best practices in the effort to address and prevent youth homelessness.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) harbor several signaling molecules to maintain intercellular communication. Based on the exosomal cargo type, metabolic, genomic, and proteomic status of parent cells can be investigated. Due to the existence of trivial levels of target molecules inside EVs, the application of accurate and sensitive detection methods is mandatory. Here, we used an electrochemical immunosensor using a biotinylated monoclonal CD63 antibody as the capturing element for the detection of EVs isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells and cancer patients. Simultaneously, breast cancer biomarker CA-15-3 was detected in isolated EVs using a sandwich method to increase specificity. Data indicated a linear dynamic range of 2000–10000 EVs/µL and a lower limit of quantification of 2000 EVs/µL. Based on data from real sample analysis, the levels of exosomal CA-15-3 can differ according to the severity and systemic content of this factor. Pd-perovskite-based immunosensor provides a platform for quick and in-depth analysis of EVs isolated for cancer cells.

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression can seriously undermine mental health and quality of life globally. The consumption of junk foods, including ultra-processed foods, fast foods, unhealthy snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages, has been linked to mental health. The aim of this study is to use the published literature to evaluate how junk food consumption may be associated with mental health disorders in adults. Methods A systematic search was conducted up to July 2023 across international databases including PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 statistic and chi-square-based Q-test. A random/fixed effect meta-analysis was conducted to pool odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). Results Of the 1745 retrieved articles, 17 studies with 159,885 participants were suitable for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis (seven longitudinal, nine cross-sectional and one case-control studies). Quantitative synthesis based on cross-sectional studies showed that junk food consumption increases the odds of having stress and depression (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.23). Moreover, pooling results of cohort studies showed that junk food consumption is associated with a 16% increment in the odds of developing mental health problems (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.24). Conclusion Meta-analysis revealed that consumption of junk foods was associated with an increased hazard of developing depression. Increased consumption of junk food has heightened the odds of depression and psychological stress being experienced in adult populations.

The urgency of this research is driven by the deficiency in students' critical thinking skills, which is rooted in the dominance of lecture-based teaching approaches. These traditional methods restrict student engagement and exploration, crucial for fostering critical thought. The research aims to explore the impact of the guided inquiry learning model on enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary students, specifically focusing on a sample of 40 fifth-grade students at SDN Lonja. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest control groups, the study gathered data through tests, observations, and documentation. The Paired Samples Test used for data analysis indicated a significant difference at the 5% level, with a p-value of 0.000. This outcome led to the rejection of the null hypothesis, confirming that the guided inquiry model significantly enhances students' critical thinking skills in Natural Sciences. The findings underscore the potential of guided inquiry as an effective instructional model, which actively engages students in learning, promotes analytical thinking, and reduces dependency on rote memorization, thereby nurturing critical thinking competencies essential for lifelong learning and problem-solving. This research holds implications for educators and curriculum developers seeking to adopt student-centered learning strategies that better prepare students for future academic and personal challenges.

Abstract Background The cuticular wax serves as a primary barrier that protects plants from environmental stresses. The Eceriferum (CER) gene family is associated with wax production and stress resistance. Results In a genome-wide identification study, a total of 52 members of the CER family were discovered in four Gossypium species: G. arboreum, G. barbadense, G. raimondii, and G. hirsutum. There were variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the Gossypium CER (GCER) proteins. Evolutionary analysis classified the identified GCERs into five groups, with purifying selection emerging as the primary evolutionary force. Gene structure analysis revealed that the number of conserved motifs ranged from 1 to 15, and the number of exons varied from 3 to 13. Closely related GCERs exhibited similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Analyses of chromosomal positions, selection pressure, and collinearity revealed numerous fragment duplications in the GCER genes. Additionally, nine putative ghr-miRNAs targeting seven G. hirsutum CER (GhCER) genes were identified. Among them, three miRNAs, including ghr-miR394, ghr-miR414d, and ghr-miR414f, targeted GhCER09A, representing the most targeted gene. The prediction of transcription factors (TFs) and the visualization of the regulatory TF network revealed interactions with GhCER genes involving ERF, MYB, Dof, bHLH, and bZIP. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements suggests potential associations between the CER gene family of cotton and responses to abiotic stress, light, and other biological processes. Enrichment analysis demonstrated a robust correlation between GhCER genes and pathways associated with cutin biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, wax production, and stress response. Localization analysis showed that most GCER proteins are localized in the plasma membrane. Transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression assessments demonstrated that several GhCER genes, including GhCER15D, GhCER04A, GhCER06A, and GhCER12D, exhibited elevated expression levels in response to water deficiency stress compared to control conditions. The functional identification through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) highlighted the pivotal role of the GhCER04A gene in enhancing drought resistance by promoting increased tissue water retention. Conclusions This investigation not only provides valuable evidence but also offers novel insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles of GhCER genes in cotton, their role in adaptation to drought and other abiotic stress and their potential applications for cotton improvement.

Abstract Gaharu bouya oil obtained from distillation of the woods from Gonystylus genus has attracted essential oil industry interest. However, the information about gaharu bouya essential oil profile is limited. The presence of Gonystylus species is also critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, exploring the -omics profiles of Gonystylus bancanus, a native plant from Borneo Island, is important for Indonesia to conserve the population. This research investigated the metabolite profiling of G. bancanus oil, especially the volatile components of its essential oils. Distillations were performed in two technical ways: hydrodistillation on a laboratory scale and steam distillation on an industrial scale. According to LC–MS and GC–MS profiles, both essential oils displayed similar chemical compositions. This article also discusses the similarity of the chemical contents of gaharu bouya oil and agarwood oil from the gaharu superior type (Aquilaria) to support the value of the oil. This research also investigated the cytotoxicity of gaharu bouya oil against three cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7, and HT-29.

Health applications have unique characteristics compared to other applications. This application is needed to support the health of users/families with various facilities provided according to their functions and objectives. Usability measurement is carried out to evaluate the successful use of the application using various usability criteria. This study aimed to identify, analyze, and synthesize the usability evaluation of a mobile health application. The review was carried out on 65 selected papers from 799 usability papers from the Web of Science and Scopus in the 2013 to 2023 time period. The Systematic Literature Review approach used is the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Based on the review results, it was identified that usability measurement on mobile health applications aims to validate system design, compare usability methods, improve application performance, and evaluate usability. Meanwhile, mHealth apps mostly function for treatment and self-care/self-management. Most of the reviewed papers used the general public as respondents. The respondents or participants in these studies are diverse and can be categorized into five groups: patients, healthcare professionals, older adults, experts, and the general public. Most of the research aims to evaluate usability with the most widely used method, the System Usability Scale, which is equipped with other supporting methods.

Body Image merupakan gambaran diri seseorang tentang bentuk dan ukuran tubuh bagaimana seseorang dapat melihat dan menghargai tentang apa yang mereka pikirkan dan mereka rasakan pada ukuran dan bentuk tubuh mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan signifikan body image dengan kecemasan sosial pada remaja perempuan. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian yang sebanyak 199 remaja perempuan. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan berupa skala pengukuran yang digunakan body image dengan kecemasan sosial pada remaja awal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh hasil yang menunjukkan nilai rxy = -0,099 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,082 dengan p 0,05 yang berarti H0 diterima dan H1 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa body image tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kecemasan sosial pada remaja perempuan.

Abstract Background Renal artery variations are clinically significant due to their implications for surgical procedures and renal function. However, data on these variations in Sudanese populations are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of renal artery variations in a Sudanese population. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in Khartoum state from October 2017 to October 2020. A total of 400 Sudanese participants who underwent abdominal CT scans were included. Data on demographic characteristics, kidney measurements, and renal vasculature were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results The mean age of participants was 46.7 ± 18 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Overall, renal artery variations were present in 11% of participants, with accessory renal arteries observed in 6% of the study population. Among those with accessory vessels, 50% were on the right side, 29.2% on the left, and 20.8% bilateral, distributed across hilar 29.2%, lower polar 29.2%, and upper polar 41.7% regions. No significant associations were found between accessory renal arteries and age or gender (p-value > 0.05). However, participants with accessory renal arteries exhibited significantly narrower width 5.0 ± 1.4 than those with no with accessory renal arteries 5.8 ± 1.1 (p-value 0.002) Early dividing renal arteries were found in 5% of participants, with nearly half being bilateral. No significant associations were found between the presence of early dividing renal arteries and demographic or renal measurements (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of renal artery variations in a Sudanese population. The findings contribute to our understanding of renal anatomy in this demographic and can inform clinical practice and surgical planning, particularly in renal transplantation and other renal procedures.

Abstract Ionizing radiation induces cell death in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium by activating p53. However, p53 also prevents animal lethality caused by radiation-induced acute GI syndrome. Through single-cell RNA-sequencing of the irradiated mouse small intestine, we find that p53 target genes are specifically enriched in regenerating epithelial cells that undergo fetal-like reversion, including revival stem cells (revSCs) that promote animal survival after severe damage of the GI tract. Accordingly, in mice with p53 deleted specifically in the GI epithelium, ionizing radiation fails to induce fetal-like revSCs. Using intestinal organoids, we show that transient p53 expression is required for the induction of revival stem cells and is controlled by an Mdm2-mediated negative feedback loop. Together, our findings reveal that p53 suppresses severe radiation-induced GI injury by promoting fetal-like reprogramming of irradiated intestinal epithelial cells.

Sulfonated polysulfone (SPS) composite membranes consisting of cellulose-based carbon nanodots (CNDs) were successfully prepared as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. The CNDs were prepared using the top-down hydrothermal method. The structure transformation from cellulose to CNDs was confirmed by the FTIR and XRD analysis. The particle size of CNDs was between 1 and 3 nm. The particles exhibited good optical properties. The incorporation of CND into matrix polymer increased the thermal stability of the membranes. Morphology analysis of the SPS/CND composite membranes revealed that CNDs had been successfully dispersed within the SPS polymer matrix. The cross-linking between SPS and CNDs enhanced the proton conductivity of the composite membranes compared to the pristine SPS membrane. The SPS/CND-1 (1 wt%) exhibited the highest selectivity with a proton conductivity of 35.5 mS.cm−1 and a methanol permeability of 3.50 × 10−6 cm2.s−1. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of CNDs into the SPS membrane also decreased the amount of methanol that can pass through the membrane when used in DMFCs.

سابقه و هدف: غم و اندوه پدیده‌ای جهانی و پاسخی عادی به از دست دادن و سوگ است. در طول همه‌گیری کووید 19، تجارب دردناک از دست دادن و ناتوانی ممکن است موجب اندوه تحمل‌ناپذیر، پشیمانی و حتی خشم افراد داغ‌دیده شود و مشکلات بیشتری را در کنارآمدن با از دست دادن در زندگی جاری آنان ایجاد کند. به نظر می‌رسد که دین و معنویت عاملی مهم در واکنش افراد داغ‌دیده به سوگ باشد. افرادی که سطوح بالایی از دین و معنویت دارند، ممکن است استرس خود را بهتر مدیریت کنند و در زندگی معناجویی بیشتری داشته باشند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش‌بینی واکنش به سوگ بر اساس عمل به باورهای دینی و معناجویی در افراد داغ‌دیده بر اثر کووید ۱۹ انجام شده است. روش کار: این پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش افراد بالای 18 سال ساکن شهر سنندج در سال 1400 بودند که در زمان انجام پژوهش به‌دليل فوت يكي از بستگان درجۀ یک به‌‌سبب کووید ۱۹ دچار سوگ بودند. با استفاده از فرمول تاباچنیک و نورکراس 106 نفر با شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری دردسترس حجم نمونه در نظر گرفته شدند. برای سنجش متغیّرهای پژوهش از مقیاس‌های استاندارد احساس معنا در زندگی، عمل به باورهای دینی و پرسش‌نامۀ تجربۀ سوگ استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نیز با آزمون‌های همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون هم‌زمان صورت گرفت. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون و ضریب همبستگی چندگانه نشان داد که متغیّرهای عمل به باورهای دینی و معناجویی با واکنش به سوگ برابر با 55/0 و به‌ترتیب در سطح 05/0>P و 001/0>P معنادار بود. با توجه به ضریب تعیین 31/0، متغیّرهای پیش‌بین واریانس واکنش به سوگ را تبیین کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: دین و معنویت به افراد کمک می‌کند تا با ناملایمات بیرونی و درونی بهتر مقابله کنند. عمل به باورهای دینی و معناجویی عوامل مهمی در فرایند غم و اندوه هستند و می‌توانند از فرد داغ‌دیده در نحوۀ مواجهه با سوگ و استرس‌ها محافظت کند.

Abstract Background: Sudan's history is marred by ongoing sociopolitical challenges, with deep cultural divisions fueling numerous wars. A new conflict erupted on April 15, 2023, pushing the country closer to a full-scale civil war. This war has severely crippled Sudan's already fragile healthcare system, rendering 70% of hospitals in combat zones nonoperational, causing 12,000 deaths, thousands of injuries, and leaving 11 million in dire need of healthcare. More than seven million people are displaced, half of which are children, and are facing severe health challenges, especially vulnerable groups. Heath situation is threatening with unchecked spread of outbreaks of communicable diseases that were previously controlled and marked failure in meeting the health demands of patients with noncommunicable diseases, reproductive and child health issues, and people with serious conditions that require adequate follow-up. Moreover, the projections threaten with more catastrophic consequences including famine, environmental destruction, and further displacement of people. This review article highlights the urgency of the situation and explores potential solutions to enrich global understanding of crisis management. Methods: To comprehensively assess the impact of the crisis and propose a way forward, we drew data by exploring search engines and databases such as Google, Humanitarian Agencies Websites, Google Scholer, and PubMed along with some relevant reports. The search terms included are “Sudan's war”, “impact of war on healthcare systems”, and “Sudan's armed conflicts”. Results: More than 19 publications on the impact of the war on health in addition to periodic reports from international organizations and governmental authorities were reviewed. Conclusion: Although all publications point to the gravity of the situation and the need for prompt response, this crisis offers a unique opportunity to rebuild Sudan's struggling healthcare system with the principles of social accountability. Through domestic and international collaboration, this sector can become a model for similar nations, meeting the needs of its people and promoting sustainable development.

Abstract Breast cancer is significantly influenced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impacting both its initiation and progression. When cells experience an accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, they activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular balance. In breast cancer, the UPR is frequently triggered due to challenging conditions within tumors. The UPR has a dual impact on breast cancer. On one hand, it can contribute to tumor growth by enhancing cell survival and resistance to programmed cell death in unfavorable environments. On the other hand, prolonged and severe ER stress can trigger cell death mechanisms, limiting tumor progression. Furthermore, ER stress has been linked to the regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in breast cancer cells. These ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play essential roles in cancer development by influencing gene expression and cellular processes. An improved understanding of how ER stress and ncRNAs interact in breast cancer can potentially lead to new treatment approaches. Modifying specific ncRNAs involved in the ER stress response might interfere with cancer cell survival and induce cell death. Additionally, focusing on UPR-associated proteins that interact with ncRNAs could offer novel therapeutic possibilities. Therefore, this review provides a concise overview of the interconnection between ER stress and ncRNAs in breast cancer, elucidating the nuanced effects of the UPR on cell fate and emphasizing the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in breast cancer progression.

Oral ulcers are highly common painful conditions that harmfully affect the quality of life and require long-term therapy. Muco-adhesive preparations provide efficient and convenient delivery systems that prolong the drug retention time necessary for the different stages of ulcer healing. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the healing activity of Teucrium polium in a muco-adhesive formula against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. Acetic acid was applied to the inner cheeks of the rats and the muco-adhesive formula was applied once daily for 14 days. Acetic acid was found to disrupt the oral tissue histological features, increase collagen deposition, induce oxidative stress through increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increase the expression of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and decreased hydroxyproline content and the expression of the factors that contribute in wound healing including transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). However, the daily application of a mucoadhesive formula impregnated with T. polium, significantly restored the regular histological features of the oral tissue, decreased the concentration of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2, increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and restored the expression of TGF-β1, VEGFR1, and PDGFRβ. Therefore, T. polium extract muco-adhesive formula can be considered a potential therapy for chronic oral ulcers.

Internalization of peaceful Islamic culture in higher education is a concept that emphasizes the creation of a harmonious learning environment and respect for differences to achieve an effective, conducive, and minimally violent learning environment for students. Research on the internalization of Islamic culture of peace at the higher education level on the study of inner and social aspects to create peace often needs more attention. This study examines the effectiveness of Islamic inner and social peace culture in reducing student aggression in higher education. This research approach is quantitative research. The type of research is quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design: the design used is pretest- posttest control group design. Respondents came from 3 universities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Forty-eight respondents were divided into two groups, experimental group (M=26.63, SD=3.41) and control group (M=24.38, SD=2.65) . Respondents in this study tended to have high levels of aggression. The sampling method used to collect data was purposive sampling. This research questionnaire uses a modified Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) which has gone through a translation process using Indonesian with level reliability α= 0.763. The data analysis of this study used paired sample t-test. The results showed that the internalization of three principles in building an Islamic Culture of Inner and Social Peace, namely inner peace, soul cleansing, and noble morals, effectively reduced student aggression. This research implies that a harmonious learning environment in higher education can be achieved by strengthening the implementation of character building for students who are able to communicate, think critically, and solve problems peacefully.

Abstract In recent decades, emerging data have highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially (exosomes) Exos, in the progression and development of several cancer types. These nano-sized vesicles are released by different cell lineages within the cancer niche and maintain a suitable platform for the interchange of various signaling molecules in a paracrine manner. Based on several studies, Exos can transfer oncogenic factors to other cells, and alter the activity of immune cells, and tumor microenvironment, leading to the expansion of tumor cells and metastasis to the remote sites. It has been indicated that the cell-to-cell crosstalk is so complicated and a wide array of factors are involved in this process. How and by which mechanisms Exos can regulate the behavior of tumor cells and non-cancer cells is at the center of debate. Here, we scrutinize the molecular mechanisms involved in the oncogenic behavior of Exos released by different cell lineages of tumor parenchyma. Besides, tumoricidal properties of Exos from various stem cell (SC) types are discussed in detail.

The steering behavior of autonomous agents in animation and games aims to form agent movement to navigate around a virtual world. Leader-following behavior is a steering behavior formed by followers who must follow their leader while the leader guides the group to their destination. Followers need to deter themself from crowding their leader as it will interfere with their leader’s navigation, but at the same time, they want to remain close to the leader to avoid missing their way. These followers’ actions may hinder the leader’s movement thus creating a disturbance. This study propose a new design for leader-following behavior. We employ Emotional Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles (ERVO) to handle the multi-agent navigation in a leader-following manner. Our method lies in applying the ERVO model to embed the necessity for the follower to follow their leader with stress safety direction that lies at a certain distance to their respective leader. We also conducted a series of experiments to compare our method with several other leader-following methods. The experiment with up to 100 agents shows that our method produced less interaction overhead by 0.753 seconds with 18.81% less collision compared with other leader-following method.